Intersex is Awesome | Kristina Turner & Ori Turner | TEDxWWU

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  • Опубликовано: 24 июл 2018
  • Ori Turner is ten years old and is Kristina Turner’s middle child. Ori has an intersex condition which has led them to transition genders. They are currently using gender neutral pronouns (per their request) Ori has a fondness for the How to Train Your Dragon Series and American Girl dolls. They are in 5 th grade and homeschool as well as attending some classes at the Bellingham Family Partnership Program.
    Kristina Turner is a married mother to Ori and their two siblings. She is also a licensed massage therapist, a writer and a homeschooling mom. Kristina and her husband have been married 14 years and live in the Pacific Northwest. Their three children were born here in Bellingham at the Bellingham Birth Center. She and her family have also lived in British Columbia for over four years and just moved back about a year ago. They have a deep fondness for Bellingham and its community. Kristina Turner is a married mother to Ori and their two siblings. She is also a licensed massage therapist, a writer and a homeschooling mom. Kristina and her husband have been married 14 years and live in the Pacific Northwest. Their three children were born here in Bellingham at the Bellingham Birth Center. She and her family have also lived in British Columbia for over four years and just moved back about a year ago. They have a deep fondness for Bellingham and its community.
    Ori Turner is ten years old and is Kristina Turner’s middle child. Ori has an intersex condition which has led them to transition genders. They are currently using gender neutral pronouns (per their request) Ori has a fondness for the How to Train Your Dragon Series and American Girl dolls. They are in 5 th grade and homeschool as well as attending some classes at the Bellingham Family Partnership Program. This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at www.ted.com/tedx

Комментарии • 206

  • @benw9949
    @benw9949 5 лет назад +124

    Both XX and XY cells all mixed together? Sort of a calico, only gender instead of hair color? Huh. And then growing up between the two, with androgen insensitivity, and all that when still just a kid. -- No child and no parent should be forced to choose gender reassignment. Once the child is old enough to decide on their own, then that seems right to me. Much respect to intersex people. I wish this were taught in schools.-- My gosh, it takes an incredible amount of bravery to be able to speak about something so personal to a roomful of people (and the whole internet) as a kid that young. We need to know about intersex.

    • @rhezzz
      @rhezzz 3 года назад +7

      So ur saying that XY or XX isnt automatically on all our cells. That there could be cells with some XX and some XY?
      Is that for people as well who are referred to as typically XX or XY, do they also have cells that are the "opposite gender"
      This is so interesting. Thanks for commenting i was wondering what this meant when they spoke about it in the talk.

    • @nikkimier3617
      @nikkimier3617 Год назад +2

      the irony in your comment...male calico and tortie cats are typically intersex

  • @kokoj6024
    @kokoj6024 2 года назад +19

    I’m here to watch this Ted talk for a class … I’d never thought I would be so proud and emotional just in 10 minutes. I love this

  • @candycerynee6802
    @candycerynee6802 5 лет назад +285

    I was born with both parts and I never had any surgery. Sure I am different but I am happy the way I am

    • @puppidejong2789
      @puppidejong2789 5 лет назад +4

      Candyce Renee

    • @AndrogynousMIE
      @AndrogynousMIE 5 лет назад +16

      @@puppidejong2789 You made the only right decision. Respecting your own precious innate body. Wish you well! ;)

    • @MelancholyMegan
      @MelancholyMegan 5 лет назад +7

      same xx

    • @PrincessKurae
      @PrincessKurae 5 лет назад +6

      You're so lucky.

    • @PrincessKurae
      @PrincessKurae 5 лет назад +14

      @Jay a May I ask, if it's not too personal. When you hit puberty, did you go through a rather male or rather female puberty?
      It's quite hard to find not mutilated intersex people.
      It really interests me how someone like this develops in puberty.

  • @glojackson4899
    @glojackson4899 3 года назад +23

    You can clearly see that Ori is an awesome and well rounded kid. And that pink blazer rocks!

  • @jgr_lilli_
    @jgr_lilli_ 5 лет назад +67

    What a cute button Ori is. I would have loved to have them as a friend when I was their age.

    • @__R__S__
      @__R__S__ 2 года назад +1

      @Max The Queerio :)

  • @jeanettegeraci69
    @jeanettegeraci69 3 года назад +27

    I love this kid! So down-to-Earth, intelligent, and articulate, with beautiful energy and a great sense of humor. Good job, Mom!

  • @chanchan2120
    @chanchan2120 5 лет назад +73

    This needs to be shared everywhere . Ori is such a great human being & they will go to do great things in life . I have so much to say but am currently sobbing so I can’t. This is so important.

    • @mikapettersennomura
      @mikapettersennomura 5 лет назад +8

      This is great. I’m xxy pais and mixed race. Diversity is bestie

    • @isabellac5669
      @isabellac5669 5 лет назад +4

      chandler gray I literally was explaining the new reports on genetics this evening, when I came upon this video! I teared up myself! Because, I know people who are dealing with this, as well as LGBTQ! I'm a support person, and for anyone who's lives are being expressed as such, I want them to know how wonderful they truly are!

    • @3passionflower
      @3passionflower 5 лет назад +2

      The difference with this child is she has no choice she was born like this

    • @janetownley
      @janetownley 5 лет назад +1

      SA S - Hm?

    • @jessiem276
      @jessiem276 2 года назад +1

      @@janetownley What's Hm??

  • @kassandradark8137
    @kassandradark8137 2 года назад +11

    It's hard not to cry and be happy at the same time with this video. I love these two,.

  • @clementinemeg
    @clementinemeg 5 лет назад +75

    Ori is a rockstar! So happy to have gotten to know these two

  • @WeTravelOnlyByNightAsItsSoHot
    @WeTravelOnlyByNightAsItsSoHot 5 лет назад +27

    This has got to be one of the most touching Proud and adorable presentations I have EVER seen. GREAT JOB MOM and DAD!!

  • @blackericdenice
    @blackericdenice 5 лет назад +23

    God don't make mistakes. Leave the baby alone and let them grow up as whatever they will become.

  • @lyndahernandez4711
    @lyndahernandez4711 5 лет назад +8

    Such a pleasure to meet you and Ori. Thank you for having the courage and an open mind to share your story.

  • @mercedesmackay
    @mercedesmackay 5 лет назад +58

    I’m so incredibly proud to know these beautiful people! This is amazing. ❤️❤️❤️

  • @aquamarinetourmaline6641
    @aquamarinetourmaline6641 3 года назад +17

    for me, it’s called Klinefelter’s Syndrome. I was born with 3 Xs and one Y. I too identify as intersex, whereas I had always defined it as not recognizing myself with either fully male or fully female. I had once thought to identify as trans but throughout the years, I’ve learned to love myself for who’ve I became and what I stand for, even if my elders will always see me as a boy.. I will always see me as a gender neutral or intersex.

  • @im19ice3
    @im19ice3 3 года назад +26

    they look like a happy well-adjusted child ;_; as all children deserve to be

  • @km5869
    @km5869 4 года назад +21

    I’ve seen Pigeon and he is so uniquely handsome! I’m pregnant and if my child is born this way I hope I’m lucky enough to have a child that is healthy like this little soul, that I can leave them be and let them choose!

  • @gwynvyd
    @gwynvyd 4 года назад +20

    I am also Intersex, I am XXY. I am So glad there is more info out there.

  • @yoyoschmo1
    @yoyoschmo1 5 лет назад +32

    Great parenting to inspire such self confidence! Love you Ori and your family!

  • @joalexsg9741
    @joalexsg9741 3 года назад +6

    Such a beautiful testimony and also so touching as well, thank you so much for your amazing activism you both!!!

  • @coledupo
    @coledupo 5 лет назад +51

    I am so incredibly proud of Ori. As someone who is nonbinary, I am glad that there is more representation of intersex people and people whose gender identity doesn't fit in the binary. This was amazing and I can't thank you enough!

  • @paulfergeson8198
    @paulfergeson8198 Год назад +3

    Wow, wonderful talk! Sophisticated, insightful, sad & with humor. Ori and Mom, hit a homerun, thank you both!

  • @lioula5421
    @lioula5421 3 года назад +39

    Ori i am so proud of you!! I am also intersex and when i was your age und far older, i couldnt imagine speaking about me being intersex in Front of an audience! I am impressed!

  • @peaceandparty
    @peaceandparty 4 года назад +33

    Excellent explanation of intersex varieties in the first 2 minutes!
    I am Intersex and intergender
    Intersex activist since 1992
    This video is such a pleasure to listen to.
    Thanks to the Turner family! 💛💜✌

  • @sarahelizabeth7638
    @sarahelizabeth7638 2 года назад +5

    Thank you. I love this TedX. I would love to see a follow-up with Ori and their mom.

  • @courtneydahlgaard6263
    @courtneydahlgaard6263 5 лет назад +10

    I am so proud of these 2 lovely people. You have brought so much to our family! Love you so much!! Good job!

  • @furryempath9619
    @furryempath9619 Год назад +3

    "L.O.L." She/he/they killed me with laughter LOL

  • @mississippimud7046
    @mississippimud7046 4 года назад +12

    This kid is precious and so we'll spoken ! Thank you for educating me !

  • @_vallee_5190
    @_vallee_5190 10 месяцев назад +2

    I want a world where all intersex kids can grow up in an environment like this, not one of shame, of trauma, being open to express ourselves and finding happiness within it.

  • @Tamaresque
    @Tamaresque 5 лет назад +71

    Oh, this is what I have! I didn't know it had a name like that. I knew I wasn't fully AIS because AIS "support" groups kept rejecting me, and I knew I was a mosaic, but I didn't know my condition actually had a name. Cool. "Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome With Mosaicism" *tries it on for size and likes it* :-)

    • @AlexMint
      @AlexMint 5 лет назад +9

      Yeah, there's not too much documentation on people who don't have either AIS or Klinefelter syndrome. Personally I'm also dealing with issues because I'm not fully sure of my condition because my medical history is super spotty, though I do know some of the medical interventions that were foisted upon me.

    • @peaceandparty
      @peaceandparty 4 года назад +7

      💛💜 on behalf of intersex people who like to "man" (aggghhhhaha ) online forum groups to give support and care with heart and ears- it has been far too common for the truly polite and lovely intersex people to be met with hostility and rudeness.
      Apologies to you on behalf of intersex activists who DO care about you and every one!
      One day we will have a "main station" of a forum group where there are rules to be polite and to initiate proper chats with potential members and not by these minute few (100s not 1000s) being over wary/rude with wannabe members who they deem suspicious.
      💛💜✌
      All that being said - it's hard managing online intersex forum groups

  • @nymm2505
    @nymm2505 3 года назад +3

    oh my gosh ORIIII how does so much sweetness concentrate in just 1 body??!!? THANK YOU FOR YOUR ADVOCATING!

  • @jaxonroske8193
    @jaxonroske8193 5 лет назад +15

    This is absolutely amazing to see and I wish there was more media representation for people like Ori and their family!

  • @cbrandson1
    @cbrandson1 5 лет назад +18

    Love you two. Great job momma! You both are awesome.

  • @TheDuezer
    @TheDuezer 2 года назад +4

    His story is heart wrenching. Our insurance laws and system is corrupt.

  • @liona1982
    @liona1982 3 года назад +8

    What a kid! What confidence and charisma! they are lucky to have such a precious mother :)

  • @nitamckeethen6986
    @nitamckeethen6986 2 года назад +7

    Love that kid! And what a wonderful mom!

  • @timothychinkonti96
    @timothychinkonti96 2 года назад +4

    This video just made me cry, i was one of who used to talk bad about intersex people. I am glad i now know the truth I never knew

  • @Macee44
    @Macee44 Год назад +1

    THIS IS AMAZING. What a smart little person. Thank you for this!!!

  • @Ablestreet
    @Ablestreet 5 лет назад +9

    This video is so essential for everyone to see and hear. There is so much misinformation around this subject. I hope people will listen and learn!!!!

    • @david203
      @david203 2 года назад +2

      I learned a lot. But I didn't change my belief that children should be left to be who they are and not subject to unnecessary operations. Isn't it common sense? And by the way, THIS INCLUDES CIRCUMCISION, WHICH IS UNNECESSARY.

  • @isabellac5669
    @isabellac5669 5 лет назад +5

    Absolutely wonderful!!!! 👏🏻❤️❤️❤️

  • @msm10316
    @msm10316 5 лет назад +8

    Beautiful job!!

  • @gc6929
    @gc6929 3 года назад +13

    As common as red hair... I mean wow, why isn’t this being taught in schools? I remember in my health class they just skipped over this like it was nothing, saying it was exceedingly rare. I did the math: statistically speaking, we can approximate that there were 10-20 intersex students in the building at that moment. I’m thoroughly surprised! I mean, seems like a bit of an important thing to teach about in a health class! My teacher was amazing, but I guess even she was uninformed at the time.

    • @MrAobrady
      @MrAobrady 3 года назад +3

      I was thinking the same. When I was in school, we were told intersex people were like unicorns - super rare/may not even exist. 2% is not that rare.

  • @robsonfaria3882
    @robsonfaria3882 4 года назад +4

    So lovely!! Congratulations for this mon!

  • @carolynbriggs1533
    @carolynbriggs1533 5 лет назад +4

    OMG you are both amazing!!!!

  • @kathypietzsch9473
    @kathypietzsch9473 5 лет назад +4

    Thank you so much

  • @yourmomwards1951
    @yourmomwards1951 3 года назад +5

    This is amazing.

  • @2daveus
    @2daveus 4 года назад +4

    What a wonderful family!

  • @estopesto2647
    @estopesto2647 3 года назад +3

    Happy Birthday Ori. Thank you for being you ❤

  • @WellingtonMSB
    @WellingtonMSB 5 лет назад +14

    What an awesome young person! But let's hear it for the parents, Kristina & her hubby for being such lateral thinking and strong adults willing to ride against the tide. And in spite of the social pressure, do what is right for their child. My son has a unique dress sense, and often times I find myself wondering what others will think of him or treat him for that matter. So I try to 'calibrate' how he dresses!!! Shame on me. Must do better. This beautiful couple are showing me the way.

    • @kristinaturner7318
      @kristinaturner7318 5 лет назад +2

      michael wellington no need to shame yourself just make a change and celebrate their uniqueness 🙌🏼❤️ and ty so much for the beautiful compliment!

  • @noahbody8805
    @noahbody8805 5 лет назад +35

    I LOVE ORI!!! THEYRE SO EXCITABLE AND CUTE I HOPE THEY GROW UP TO BE SUCCESSFUL

    • @janetownley
      @janetownley 5 лет назад +2

      Noahbody - And I appreciate these nice examples of using the new pronouns :-)

    • @jessiem276
      @jessiem276 2 года назад +2

      They?? It's one child on the video.

    • @noahbody8805
      @noahbody8805 2 года назад +2

      @@jessiem276 yeah they are one child youre right

  • @cindybirck3744
    @cindybirck3744 5 лет назад +8

    Amazing!

  • @cynthiamelman6189
    @cynthiamelman6189 5 лет назад +8

    Ori, you are awesome!

  • @drnrbnta5547
    @drnrbnta5547 3 года назад +4

    Who gave the Dr's the right and power to choose if an intersex child should be assign either male or female?

    • @RKingis
      @RKingis 5 месяцев назад

      In part, thanks to Dr. Money

  • @catrat.l.heaven3369
    @catrat.l.heaven3369 2 года назад +1

    Thank you for listening to ABBA and protecting Ori in a way that this one was never protected...

  • @barbaraarnstein179
    @barbaraarnstein179 Год назад +1

    L. Frank Baum, who wrote "The Wizard of Oz", and other Oz books, created an intersex character: Chick the Cherub!

  • @curliefro
    @curliefro 3 года назад +4

    Beautiful kid. They have a great mother!

  • @t0kichii
    @t0kichii Год назад +2

    I LOVE ORI THEY ARE SO NICE AND FUN AAA
    i swear if i could be friends with them i would

    • @Ember_mo0n
      @Ember_mo0n 6 месяцев назад

      I could make your dream come true

  • @rockymistgang8254
    @rockymistgang8254 5 лет назад +43

    I think that the fact that this has to be as big a deal as it is is sick, you are born the way your born and if you want to be a boy you can be a boy and if you want to be a girl so be it. Have surgery if you want or don’t but I don’t feel as if it should be tiptoed around so much as it is. You are what you want to be and the people around you have no say in it. It would make things so much easier if people would just accept the way other people want to live and call it a day.

    • @christianescandon9145
      @christianescandon9145 5 лет назад +3

      Yeah it would be that's not how the world works.

    • @sonofhibbs4425
      @sonofhibbs4425 5 лет назад +7

      RockyMist, agreed. It truly is no big deal. God made them this way. It should be celebrated, not seen as a disorder or something needed corrected. It’s vile to me to hear that some intersexed children are operated on. Let the child decide. It’s not for doctors or adults to decide.

  • @starwarssyl1177
    @starwarssyl1177 3 года назад +2

    Here's a comment for the algorithm. Thank you for this presentation!

  • @ilTHfeaa
    @ilTHfeaa 4 года назад +6

    This is so cute :)

  • @jessicamaden707
    @jessicamaden707 5 лет назад +23

    Awesome kid! Awesome mom!

  • @sweetdee6185
    @sweetdee6185 5 лет назад +9

    Love this! What an awesome kid!

  • @jose_reyes1111
    @jose_reyes1111 5 лет назад +3

    I'm not crying, you are crying. At least the children now have access to more information and they can meet people who raise the voice for them.

  • @mishakailana
    @mishakailana 5 лет назад +7

    Awesome presentation.

  • @MFM230
    @MFM230 3 года назад +4

    The TED talk would benefit from some additional scientific explanation. I am only aware of AIS, and I still do not know what partial AIS is.

    • @david203
      @david203 2 года назад +1

      My guess is that it is meant to be a primary public lecture, rather than detailed information. Further information can undoubtedly be had from the organization mentioned, from the Web, from Wikipedia, and from doctors.

  • @crystalrosa2864
    @crystalrosa2864 4 года назад +2

    Wooooooooo!!!!!!! You go kid!

  • @gbemietryphoza
    @gbemietryphoza 2 года назад +2

    I love this kid, he's so cool 😎 💕💕💕

  • @mariefarrell7380
    @mariefarrell7380 3 года назад +2

    What an awesome kid!

  • @tamirule4216
    @tamirule4216 2 года назад +1

    Good job 👍🏻

  • @JimmiAlli
    @JimmiAlli 3 года назад +1

    What lovely people

  • @user-ol5sp9dh7i
    @user-ol5sp9dh7i 6 месяцев назад

    The kid looks very happy and the mom is confident I’m glad to see there is intersex people out there with no problem ;)

  • @netgeekdoggirl
    @netgeekdoggirl 5 лет назад +6

    Needs👏more👏views👏

  • @welmaflint8181
    @welmaflint8181 2 года назад +2

    Awesome! Just awesome

  • @The.Pickle
    @The.Pickle 5 лет назад +5

    Bravo, excellent talk

  • @angiesvlog
    @angiesvlog 3 года назад +4

    brave mom!

  • @msshubham619
    @msshubham619 4 года назад +2

    What a cool kid.

  • @HALP1234
    @HALP1234 Год назад +3

    i love supportive parents and this kid i wish i had that

  • @AliAGreen
    @AliAGreen 4 года назад +7

    I did NOT know red hair was that rare. It seems a LOT of women are dying theirs these days!! Including me hahahaha!

  • @PomMom700
    @PomMom700 3 года назад +3

    The individual will make the choice when the time comes. Leave the baby whole and as-is.

  • @alexisalex702
    @alexisalex702 2 года назад +1

    He's so cute! 🌸💙
    I love how he is very strong at his young age!! 💫

  • @Otherpage474
    @Otherpage474 Год назад

    Such a big
    Personality

  • @ronfreeze8957
    @ronfreeze8957 11 месяцев назад

    Beautiful People ...

  • @errrkt
    @errrkt 4 года назад +2

    Ori is a little spitfire. cool kid.

  • @shotgunbunny
    @shotgunbunny 7 месяцев назад +1

    So cute.

  • @sqoob7082
    @sqoob7082 5 лет назад +9

    9:42 dab

  • @brittanylegg6410
    @brittanylegg6410 5 лет назад +7

    I love this family

  • @Daragaycole1
    @Daragaycole1 5 лет назад +9

    Intersex is Awesome!

  • @tednorton5150
    @tednorton5150 3 месяца назад

    These are not parents being careless with a child: they are parents with tremendous resourcefulness and caution assuring that they are forging the most free life for their child and all such children to come. This child has been given the most cautious physical and mental health guidance possible on the PLANET and if YOU ignore the efforts that is the only tragedy that can occur here. So DON"T .

  • @chelleroberson3222
    @chelleroberson3222 4 года назад +3

    And lots don't know or want to understand

  • @candycerynee6802
    @candycerynee6802 5 лет назад +15

    I'm intersex too!

    • @tudormiller8898
      @tudormiller8898 5 лет назад

      Did anyone outside your family know you were and are intersex ? How positive were they about that ?

    • @AlexMint
      @AlexMint 5 лет назад +3

      Hey same!

  • @OrvilleJenkins
    @OrvilleJenkins 3 года назад +1

    Very informative and helpful. In notice that, though the commentary summary above comments that Ori prefers the non-gender references "they" and "their," Ori's mother uses "She" and "her" in this presentation.

    • @jessiem276
      @jessiem276 2 года назад

      So Ori wants to be called "they", or "them"? Those pronouns mean more than one person ...and she is only one human being. Nothing can change that.

    • @dpej5167
      @dpej5167 10 месяцев назад

      ​@@jessiem276You would benefit from looking up the term "singular they". The Wikipedia article is good. The singular they has existed in the English language since the 1300s. It is used "whenever the subject is indeterminate" and is an entirely acceptable grammatical construction even in formal English writing. Their use of the term is accurate.

  • @TrestanSKYWALKR
    @TrestanSKYWALKR 2 года назад +3

    So is intersex the new term for hermaphroditism? Is the term hermaphroditism considered insensitive now?

  • @darkanser
    @darkanser 5 лет назад +3

    She says she's XX and XY. I'm wondering if she's tetragametic chimera.

    • @kathleenanne7868
      @kathleenanne7868 5 лет назад +1

      Interesting... The diagnosis she mentioned did not seem to indicate XX chromosomes but perhaps this explains it? I have both XX and XY cells because of a transplant to treat Leukaemia using my brother's stem-cells.

    • @iamtoday874
      @iamtoday874 5 лет назад +6

      You mean "they" as stated by both Ori and their mother. As this is why more concessions like the one in this video need to occur; so more people can be educated and help protect these innocent children.

  • @theoceandragonfly
    @theoceandragonfly Год назад +1

    Purely wonderful speech. Intersex humans deserve love, acceptance, respect, and kindness. People should stop using the word (Normal) when people are so much more then (Normal) and they are amazing individuals who deserve to be recognized for who people are and not what everyone wants them to be. No individual truly lives in the boxes other people try to put them in. We humans exceed the expectations of other humans. Acceptance is an area where improvements need to be made in all areas where individuals are concerned. I am not talking about the acceptance of abuse or violent behavior. I am talking about the acceptance of people's human right to be who they are as a part of the LGBTQA+ community or being Intersex. We humans are not carbon copies of one human, so don't treat us like we are. Love and light to all humans.

  • @richardhankla6887
    @richardhankla6887 5 лет назад +4

    I WOULD LOVE TO GIVE YOU BOTH A GIANT HUG!!!! YOU ARE BEAUTIFUL YOUNG GIRL INSIDE AND OUT.

  • @tylewfah
    @tylewfah 5 лет назад +3

    I was born intersex and I never felt wanted.

    • @roseclinton3624
      @roseclinton3624 2 года назад +1

      I'm so sorry! I hope things are better, now!

  • @chelleroberson3222
    @chelleroberson3222 4 года назад +3

    It's actually 1-2000

    • @GentlesirGibbles
      @GentlesirGibbles 4 года назад +3

      intersex conditions are as common as up to 1.7 percent of the population, according to UN statistics

  • @frankcapozzi6981
    @frankcapozzi6981 6 месяцев назад

    I love intersex women.. I am trying to find one for long term relationship and love everyday

  • @indigenousetymologist6610
    @indigenousetymologist6610 5 лет назад

    Damn Freemartins smh

  • @rachellestrunkov9389
    @rachellestrunkov9389 4 года назад +5

    I am intersexed a female and am trying to be forced to live as a male because I don't fit the look of atypical bland supermodel this is a form of abuse

    • @deehowe4141
      @deehowe4141 4 года назад +4

      Rachelle Strunkov I hope you can find some support to help you live as your true self.

  • @cinemaipswich4636
    @cinemaipswich4636 Год назад +1

    It is up to us to leave these children alone. It is not up to us to rule over their lives. All manner of unaccountable losers want to rule over their lives. We must challenge them every second minute and hour of our lives.