Chinese HSK 3 grammar V 得or不 + Complements of possibility

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  • Опубликовано: 26 сен 2018
  • 你好!我是汉桥的老师,欢迎大家和我一起学习HSK3. A lot of Chinese learners know how to say “I can’t understand.“ 我听不懂。(Wo ting bu dong.)很多学生都会说“我听不懂”
    But do you know how this sentence is constructed? 你知道这个句子是怎么构成的吗?
    Today we will learn about complements of possibility introduced by “V不+complements” and its affirmative form “V 得 + complements”.今天我们学可能补语 “V 不…”和它的肯定形式“V得……”
    我们开始吧!
    In Chinese ,“V得+ result”(complement of result) can be used to indicate a result can be obtained or a goal be reached, and “V 不 + result“ to indicate a result cannot be obtained or a goal not to be reached. 中文里,我们用“V得”这个结构来表示 可以达到某个目标。“V不”表示 达不到某个目标。
    For example 我听不懂。
    The action is听 to listen, and the goal of listening is to understand it, so if the result is you can’t understand it, you say 我听不懂。I listen but can’t understand what I’ve heard.
    听这个动作的目标是 要听懂,所以如果结果是你听不懂,你说“我听不懂”,意思是,你听了,但是听不懂。
    If the result is you can understand, you say 我听得懂。I listen and I understand what I’ve heard.
    如果结果是你懂得懂,你说: 我听了而且懂了。
    好,similarly, 看得/不+result
    The goal of looking is to see something. If you keep looking but can’t see the thing, the result is 我看不到。到means, to obtain something. So 我看不到means, I look but I can’t see it.
    And the affirmative result is: 我看得到。
    看的目的是为了看到。如果你一直看,但是你看不到,结果是:
    到意思是“达到目的”,所以,看不到意思是 我看了,但看不到。
    Or there is another kind of result, you can see it but not very clear:我看不清楚。I can see it but not clearly.
    或者,还有一种可能的结果,你看到了,但是看不清。
    我看得清楚。I can see it clearly.
    我们再看一下儿其它例子:
    你说话声音太小了,我听不见。
    高老师讲课讲得很清楚,学生们都很喜欢他。
    她是个吃货(foodie),总是找得到一些很好吃的饭店。
    我作业做不完就不能出去玩儿。
    Except for complement of result, this structure can also be followed by complement of direction. 除了结果补语,这个结构还可以接 “趋向补语”
    V得/不 + direction 比如:
    那座山特别高,我爬不上去。
    他很厉害,这么高的山他都上得去。
    我好累,不坐电梯我下不去。
    我们一起看一下以前的考试题:Past Exam:
    我的飞机票呢?怎么突然找不到了?-H31002
    这件事电话里讲不明白,我们还是见面说吧。-H31002
    你放心,我们家的人都很瘦,吃不胖,我也一样。-H31002
    练习互动:Exercise:
    好了,你学会了吗?来做一下练习吧:
    我想买一件旗袍,但是看了好久都买不到合适的。
    我找不到我的手机了,你看到了吗?
    A:这么多菜吃得完吗?
    B:吃得完/吃不完。
    好了,今天我们的分享就到这里。如果你喜欢我们的视频,欢迎订阅!下次见!
    See you soon at the next session!
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