Africa's Lost Kingdom: Makuria
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- Опубликовано: 26 июл 2024
- A lost christian kingdom in Africa between Egypt and Sudan? Yes, you heard right. A kingdom created during a power vacuum, who was in good relationship with the Byzantines, also converted to Christianity. Later they even unified with the state to the north, Nobatia. With the rise of Islam in the region, the geopolitical situation changed for them. Yet, they remained Christian, even after multiple attempts of converting them to Islam. Rulers like Justinian from the Byzantines and the Makurian rulers Mercurios I and Giorgios I heavily influenced Makuria and paved its way. New building like the Cruciform Church or the Throne Hall of Dongola were constructed. All of this happened while they also had to deal with the Rashidun Caliphate to the north who ended Byzantine rule in Egypt.
To stabilize the situation, following the Siege of Dongola, the Baqt, the longest lasting peace agreement ever done, was signed. This didn't mean peace forever though.
If you'd like to learn more about the Baqt, check out @theculturedjinni's video: • History Collab: The lo...
#makuria #sudan #byzantine_empire #riseofislam #africanhistory
CHAPTERS
00:00 Collapse of Kush
01:17 Makuria's First Steps
01:54 Christianisation and Ties with the Byzantines and Justinian
03:46 Makurian Society
04:41 Unification with Nobatia
05:20 Rashidun Invasion and Rise of Islam
06:47 The Baqt
07:52 Makuria's Relationship with Egypt
08:31 Mercurios I: Makuria's Constantine?
09:32 Giorgios I and Growth
10:06 Conflict with the Rashiduns over the Beja
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Intro Animation / Character Design: Emily Clearwater (iamprettyawesome.co.nz)
Great video, only minor gripe is when talking about Christianity the orthodox didn’t so much emerge from the church like the Protestants but rather the churches gradually shifted apart due to disagreement on the power of the bishop of Rome and the role of the Byzantine emperor. Essentially breaking in half not emerging out of
That's a fair point. We could've been a little better with our wording there.
Rome started shifting apart from Orthodoxy about half a century earlier with the Filioque situation.
The straw that broke the camel's back was the infuence the Roman Emperors had in the selection of the bishop of Constantinople and the fact that the bishop of Rome wanted to be above all clergy and not first among equals.
also, Chanceldonians
Catholic church emerged after great schism, not other way around
@sapa1895 the bishop of Rome didn't want to be subject to Emperors who would rather embrace heresies than respect the creed.
Finally more focus on the African kingdoms, I have been waiting for long.
Oh, and this hopefully will just be a starting point, since there's a lot more African kingdoms we'd like to explore going forward!
It’s incredible that this small kingdom halted the Rashidun caliphate, great video guys!
Thanks man; yeah, it’s always neat when you’ve got someone punching above there weight class! Very random, but still related to Africa, I was reminded of the Kabyle Kingdoms of Kuku and Ait Abbas that managed to keep their independence, repelling several Ottoman campaigns.
Can't wait for the premiere to start! Makuria is a fascinating and underappreciated kingdom and a part of even greater and long-lasting civilization.
Plus, there's a Polish connection with it. Professor Kazimierz Michałowski was an acclaimed archeologist and egyptologist. He was one of the pioneers of serious research in that area (even coined the term nubiology), and in the early 1960s, under UNESCO'S patronage, he led a team excavating the Cathedral in Faras, which was about to get flooded due to the construction of the Aswan Dam. The findings of the Polish team were shared between Warsaw and Khartoum. If you go to the National Museum in Warsaw, you can see the whole separate Faras Gallery.
It's really crazy how many Polish connections there are with seemingly random topics we cover here on the channel 😅, but discovering stuff like that is what makes exploring history so interesting! FYI, there's going to be a part II for Makuria's story, because there was just too much to fit in one stand-alone episode and I'm fairly confident we'll return to explore other African kingdoms from this period of time.
Never would have guessed
This comment is interesting as I did a dna test and they note both "Makuria" & "Early Slavic". I'd like to know more so will tune into that professor's information. My family is from West Africa.
Thank you for this content! Your channel definitely deserves more recognition in the history RUclips community.
Oh, thank you so much; we’ve got plenty more planned for the channel going forward!
Good video, but a couple of notes:
~0:37 That the long lake you can see in the middle of the Nile toward the north of the map didn't exist at the time; that's Lake Nasser, a reservoir created by the Aswan High Dam in 1971. Not something most people would think about but a friend of mine pointed out when I included a modern reservoir in one of my own historical maps, and since then I've been hyper attuned to them lmao
~2:38 Chalcedonian is pronounced kal-sih-doe-nian
Thanks, and you're 100% right with Lake Nasser! We often base our maps off Google Maps or something like that and originally were going to show the modern borders for a reference, but somewhere in the editing process that idea was dropped.😅 So, I probably should've included a note in-video to explain that.
Ahhh, really? I watched a couple videos on how to pronounce Chalcedonian, but will not claim to be an expert or anything there...hahaha Thanks for pointing that out because I'm sure we'll be talking about the Chalcedonians again in future videos!
Will you cover Alodia also?
We do mention Alodia in this episode, but don't go into too much detail. That being said, we'd love to explore other African kingdoms again; so, if there's enough interest, we can always do a more in-depth episode on Alodia in the future!
One very minor point, the Miaphysites still exist today as the Oriental Orthodox, which are a separate communion from the Eastern Orthodox. The modern-day Copts are part of the Ortiental Orthodox communion along with the Armenian Apostolic church and several others.
the presentation of this is great !Always loved hearing about african history in antiquity, especially east africa. Another state that that doesnt get talked about as much is the Funj Sultanate.
I personally would love a video rundown on on the Kushan empire.
It was a great video, but not full in details regarding the downfall of makuria and what has happened after that, I hope there is a second part.
Oh, there 100% is going to be a part II; we're not finished with Makuria yet!
Makuria fell to arab invasion the Nubian nilotes fled south! and just finally in 2011 South Sudan was born! The descendent a the ancient Nubians and Maukur are the Christian’s south Sudanese nilotes who fought the northern Arab invaders up until 2011
Could you cover the Kilwa Sultanate, which spanned much of East Africa and had major trade relations throughout the Indian Ocean, even as far as China
Yes, definitely; the Sultanate was actually just mentioned on our Discord recently and it has a really fascinating history. Also, with how it came to an end following the Portuguese invasion of 1513, it might be a nice launching off point for some other ghost countries in the region too!
"Yo I'm the on that suggested Kilwa first😱😱😱😱"
Oh, really interesting area! and go Jinny:)
Thanks Jiayi; glad you liked the video!
Wow almost never talked about, can’t wait to watch the other Nile civilization
Yeah, it definitely is an overlooked chapter of Egyptian / Sudanese history. I, personally, also would like to cover the Funj Sultanate at some point, but since it was pretty much located in the same area as Makuria, that probably won't be for a while.
Just subscribed to the Cultured Jinni Great Collab
Thanks!
Very informative!
Thank you; really glad you liked the video!
Loved that brief mention of women and lineage. I really don’t know how you find these topics and and make them interesting and brief. Amazing. Love the music too btw 👏
Oh, thank you so much Tina, be sure to circle back for part II!
@@GhostCountries what's the music if I may ask?
good stuff!
Glad you liked it!
😮wow..fascinating history. You won’t see this in mainstream media
Thanks Matt!
Ooh I was just looking for info about this kingdom!
That’s great! Glad the algorithm brought you over here then.
7:46 that sounded creepy lol
OK, Constantine WASN'T Christian until nearly his death and secondly he made Christianity a state religion which is far more than just legalizing it
Can't Wait to see more African Kingdoms!
Oh, this will just be a start; we'll definitely be exploring others on the channel!
Your comments on the state of Christianity at that time are shockingly unresearched (or perhaps you misunderstood what you researched?) - that section of the video might need a redo.
Nubians were bowmasters going far into the ancient times. Does not surprise me they got quick scoped
2:16 you say that Orthodoxy emerged in 1054, actually it's the other way around that Catholic church is what split of the original church which is the Orthodox church.
Another viewer made a similar comment and, honestly, you both make a fair point here. We could've been a little better with our wording there. I think we'll have a chance to explore the Great Schism, Orthodoxy, and Catholicism more in a future video dealing with some of the Byzantine successor states.
Cool vid. My DNA matched an Kulubnarti Early Makurian Nubian
What’s the name of the music?
It's "Desert Caravan" by Aaron Kenny from RUclips's Audio Library.
@@GhostCountries Thanks, great video by the way
Latin vs Orthodox rite history is very complex.
Took a dna test and found out some of my family was from makuria.
I just saw this in manage your own country 2 i got fascinated and then watched tys
Whats even more fascinating than the information just shared is that the persons living in the areas of Egypt and Sudan today primarily Arabs will say they have always been in that are despite the factual information shared here. Thank you for making it clear.
There are nubian to this day
That Chalkedonian pronunciation tho💀
u cant even spell it 💀
@@yunglibd Um, actually, that's the right way to spell it, it's just that English spelling is wrong
2:34 from the Orthodox’s POV, it’s the RC Church that didn’t exist until the Great Schism. I am inclined to agree, except it was Justinian who got the ball rolling on the Schism by attacking his own vassals (?)
While the Catholic Church has many sins one of the great properties it has is that all forms of Apostolic Traditions are accepted. For example, my Church within the Catholic Communion is the Maronite Church. My Patriarch is the Maronite Patriarch of Antioch and All the East; therefore, we follow the Antiochene Tradition and are Calcedonian. Further, we do not have to use the Filioque, just as Byzantine Catholics, Armenian Catholics or any other Eastern Catholic does not. We have the Dormition of Mary, Mother of God not the Assumption which is the Latin Church's title. As Mar Mari Emmanuel states: "All Apostolic Churches end up with one person ( Christ) then what's the problem there is no problem for God's sake UNITE!" He is a Bishop of the Assyrian Church of the East based in Australia.
Nubians aren't from kordofan. These are nubas. Nubians are from north sudan and south egypt. Make research before you talk about something
its Chalcedonian not Chanceldonian, and the name is entirely modern for use in differentiating the pre schism church with the two post schism churches, the church was still called Catholic
1:39 they have always been nubians? i think you mixed up modern cushitics with kushites
Thanks for pointing this out; yeah, our wording there wasn’t exactly great, since you’re right: the Kushites were themselves Nubian peoples.
Incorrect.Orthodoxy Christianity☦️ is the Undivided One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church founded at Pentecost 33 A.D by Jesus Christ the Son of God☦️. And its Chalcedonian not Chanceldonian. Chalcedonian refers to the adherants of the Council of Chalcedon who affirm that Jesus Christ was simultaneously fully divine and fully human.Chalcedonian is synonymous with Christian Orthodoxy☦️
Catholicism emerged out of orthodoxy after the great schism not vice versa.
I found out I have makuria ancestry
Nubians are from north not kurdofan
ok
Battle of the Makurian Plains King Kalydosos dealt the Arab and his religion was of the most ignominious defeats ever the Makurian bowmen like to take out Arab eyeballs along with their Black supporters. it took the Arab over one hundred years to recover from the defeat peace and trade deals signed King Kalydosos made a huge mistake offering the Arab Black slaves from further south because he thought they were different from his people. Where ever he is in the world of the dead he must be living with deep regret this period in history along with the defeat of Carthage over one thousand years later later. Ceiled Africa's fate to be the ass that everybody kicks even to this day the President of Tunisia has expressed how he feels about us. I wish I was King Kalydosos advisor I would have signed a peace treaty with the Arab instead of providing them slaves from the south I would have convinced the people further south of the threat the Arab and his religion posed marched on Cairo slaughtered everybody. Imposed a compliant Nubian leader to run the Kingdom no fifteen centuries of the Arab enslaving us and many of us having to mutilate our bodies so we couldn't have a high prices. I don't like this Vlog typical American propaganda against Africans your time will come America and looks like China will be the axe.
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