Don't set the queue size too low. You can do more harm then good. The point of this tweak to reduce latency by reducing the queue size. Over doing it can cause ill effects.
@@ibraheemali3562 I'd say try 15, if ur works, nice, U can try 10 if u want. Ended up going to 20 myself, cause it caused issues with kovaaks mouse accelerator
Dude id been skimming through so many latency tweak guides by other people but you are the only guy that makes it easier to understand and doesnt skip a lot of important details. Thanks so much man!
I did this optimization and I put a queue of 30 but I only have 2 usb 3.2 gen 2, one type A and one type C, I used a hub and connected both kb and mouse to the type A, do you think that will be an issue? In game I didn't have any issues, I topfragged pretty well in cs actually.
x570 auros itx here. i always thought i dont have that info since i never fully check the manual, until now. TLDR, the 4 blue (3blue +1 white) on the back are direct connect to cpu, the 1 red, 1 usbC, plus the internal 3.0 are all on 1 chipset hub. i always thought i can get the info from USB tree device software, but seems like even from that i cant tell, so i have always assumed i dont have any ports directly connect to cpu. Even tho now i found out all this, i have been only connecting my mouse to the cpu ports, with nothing else connected since atm im using 2k polling mouse. this gives the best result.
Use USB Tree View and look for "Non Companion ports" or it should say something like "Companion ports - 0" those ports go straight to the CPU (Almost always USB 2.0 ports)
what about hyperthreaded cores? My best gpu cores are 11 and 7. if i pick , do i have to pick 10 aswell, since 11 is the thread and 10 is the core? Furthermore changing the network adapters core doesnt seem to work. (Tested in latencymon)
Although my system was heavily tweaked for latency, this reduced it even further (nearly 15us) in latency mon.. I love it. Mouse very much feels 1:1 now. Same with keyboard :)
Hey bro amazing video your awesome for even taking the time for helping all these people, question tho , I game on pc with a controller at 8k polling , any walkthrough on same way you just showed but for controller ? I wired controller to usb gen 2 like you said I wasn’t even aware of that on mother board
@@eastcoasthandle I did it’s to cpu but what about msi utility v3? Setting it to high interrupt priority there? If I have multiple listed there how would I find out which is which ?
Thank you so much for the video! Can you help to find wich port it’s best on my motherboard? It doesn’t especify wich goes through cpu I have rog strix b450 gaming II
You have to read the manual of your motherboard. Some motherboards only go through the chipset. Just use the video as an example and follow those steps. If you do not see it then your MB doesn't support it.
That depends on the gamepad's polling rate capabilities. If it can't do no more then 125hz, for example, then that's all you are going to get. So you need to research the usb capabilities of the device in question and try it out for yourself.
Very nice video thanks can i ask you i know you sugest values that dont create letters and numbers but when i go 9 decimal(9 decimal 9 hexadecimal) my mouse dont feel good but on decimal 10 is very good, but it creates a hexa 0a,should i go 16 decimal then next value that dont create number and letters?
Nice video dude. On my laptop all devices seem to be connected to one of two XHCI controllers, so wouldnt putting an affinity to it make it so all of the usb devices (both kb and mouse) are on the same core?
@@eastcoasthandle ive watched some videos before this saying you would optimally want to have a separate core for each device like gpu, ethernet, kb , mouse etc. . Also ive noticed that when i run latencymon with no affinities set, the interrupts are spread between all cores, but when i assign a core to the XHCI controller, no longer are there any ISR counts on any cores other than the assigned core (and a few on core 0). I wonder which is better for latency?
@@vladbivol8153 All you are doing is removing the bulk of the i/o processing to other cores other than core 0. In particular usb (kb/mouse). It doesn't work for ethernet. You have to tweak a registry entry for that. But you do it because most games require core 0. Games like MW/FC6, etc all require core 0. If you try to disable it either doesn't work or crashes the game.
Not everyone can go that low. If you aren't noticing any side effects leave it as is. Going lower doesn't net you anything. You are only reducing the queue size.
I’m curious what Keyboard and Mouse Data Queue Size does if you go too low. Since watching this video a week or two ago, I haven’t seen any differences using “50” versus going all the way down to “10.” Maybe it’s negatively affecting performance in ways I can’t plainly see from regular use. So just playing safe and keeping it at 50 like you.
valorant was the only game that wouldnt work if my dataqueue size was too low, the mouse cursor would lock at the top left in game and whenever i'd exit it would keep locking top left until i restarted my pc, it made it completely unusable
Because the thread itself is not the actual physical core. And when I use apps like latencymon and others I see that the physical core is actually being used not the thread. I never use the thread and the core. Just the core.
First off awesome vid def got some great info from this and will keep this in mind when I upgrade to another motherboard. So I have a msi tomahawk max and it looks like I have 2 ports that are connected to cpu one is usb but the other is c-type. so my question is Im only gonna be a able to plug in my mouse or my keyb so which might i benefit the most with or is it not gonna really matter since I cant speed up both? I pretty much play all shooters like mw3 gets all my attention right now so its like do I increese my movement speed with KB or aiming speed with mouse 🤷♂
I would suggest the keyboard. Isn't there an adapter from M/usb c to F/usb 3.0? ... Edit: Wait...you could get a USB C to USB 3.0 Hub with a cable long enough to sit on your desk. Therefore, no additional stress/strain to the usb c port w/those dongles. If the hub's cables are just to short then get a usb c male to usb 3.0 female cord that's about 6 feet.
I cannot notice a difference between 100, 50 , 10 or any values , I read on a forum the super light sensor has 1374 bytes and that a value of 54 would be ideal for 3360 sensors such as Logitech g pro superlight
@@eastcoasthandle This is one of those old tweaks that hasn't been talked about much lately but never read any concrete evidence if it works or not. For those that are interested... Open Regedit Goto: Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\mouclass\Parameters Create Dword 32bit value called: MouseDataQueueSize Most importantly you want to change the value using Decimal between 100 (highest) and 20 (lowest) increments of 10. Sweat spot is between 30-60. Some values show up differently in Hexadecimal. Reboot PC Start game and tab out to desktop. Cursor is squirrely? Click Not Registering in game? Increase the decimal value increments of 5 or 10. Reboot PC The gist is that this is placebo. However, some swear by it.
@@ijankes1178 Oh, the best core is an AMD thing. You don't have to worry about that with Intel. All you have to know is how many physical cores you actually have. You can confirm this using Task Manager's Performance Tab. Then look for Cores at the bottom. Logical Cores are the physical cores + Hyperthreading. You don't use hyperthreading.
Me pasa algo similar, tengo un i7 de décima y una 2060 y aun así noto como problemas de fluides en fortnite. No sé la causa a mi problema, se que no es la temperatura ni ningún tipo de bottleneck así que no se sinceramente, si alguien sabe el por qué a todo esto que me responda este comentario, gracias.
@@dieppyfive884 You are going to have to watch frame rates and see if you are see big fluctuations in fps. IE: 200 fps to 80 fps for example. If so cap your frame rates to something in between like 100 fps. See if then things smooth out.
Nobody in the tweaking community actually provide any data this would help, BUT it was confirmed lowering it could only fuck up the way your mouse behaves. Interesting test would be to see it increased over default value(100) and then some tests.
I've been using this tweak for over a year now. And lowering the numeric value does provide quicker results to mouse clicks. But there are some caveats: A. USB hubs on chipset won't work well if at all. B. When changing the mouse/kb/dataqueuesize you must use decimal. There are knuckleheads out there only changing hexadecimal. C. When changing the mouse/kb/dataqueuesize avoid numeric decimal values that create a partial numeric hexadecimal value. IE: As shown in the video. D. Make sure you have a motherboard that doesn't port all the usbs to the chipset. For whatever reason any numeric decimal value that creates a partial numeric hexadecimal value (IE: 1e, 2d, 5g, etc) always messes up the mouse clicks. And causes your key presses to not register correctly more so then selecting a decimal value that's "to low". For example going from 100 to Eighty 'something' that causes a partial numeric hexadecimal value will cause more problems with the mouse/kb more so then going to a decimal value of Fifty "something" that has a complete numeric hexadecimal value. This sort of information isn't discussed because I actually took the time to research this for the past year. People don't realize: A. You must use decimal and not hexadecimal B. Stay away from chipset usb hubs C. Don't use decimal values that create a number/letter hexadecimal value. Which is why I am confident in sharing this in the video.
@@eastcoasthandle Actually, Interesting take. thank you. I'm going to take a deeper look into it. From my personal experience - setting the value to '50' would result in instant 'spraying' in Valorant or cs I couldn't tap fire anymore. What's more interesting - '50' would provide a bit more noticeable difference than a value of 24. For keyboard otherwise I didn't notice any change If any at all. I think everyone uses decimal, but many newbies were confused about their set value getting changed to hexa instantly. Considering you've actually put an effort into it, did you happen to test increasing the value to let's say 120? Just over default 100. I'm curious the data.
@@RicardoMilosGachi No, I haven't gone over 100. Once I found a value that works best for me I simply stuck with it to make sure that it works correctly in all applications.
@@eastcoasthandle Does this tweak apply to intel boards as well? The motherboard manual for my Asus Z690-E Wifi does not indicate anything regarding which is connected via chipset or cpu.
@@taipoxin Not all motherboard variants will provide that information unfortunately. I would suggest that you contact them directly to see if it does or doesn't. Then decide if you want to use this tweak or not. This is just a buffer that you are reducing.
Just undo what you did. Use Interrupt Affinity Tool and find the Device you changed. You usually get a warning popup message when you do. Hit the Delete Mask Button. It will try to reboot the registry. If successful it will reset it. If not reboot the PC.
@@eastcoasthandle thanks for fast replay, i reinstal atlas system and i fix them,but .... When i start aginity tool i dont have my graphic card for options settup?!
@@user-cz1gh3ye6v If you are seeing problems like that I would suggest that you stop using the affinity tool as it seems to not work right for your setup.
@@albertvlogabno4023 There is no exact number. This is one of those tweaks that takes time. You have to start at 1/2 of 100 and work your way up or down from there.
Don't set the queue size too low. You can do more harm then good.
The point of this tweak to reduce latency by reducing the queue size. Over doing it can cause ill effects.
A value of 40 (decimal) should be working on every system, lower than that needs testing.
@@MieziWithSunglxzz I'm using 10 for both mouse and keyboard queue size with no issues 👀
@@Slaujwat should I use I have a 4060
@@ibraheemali3562 I'd say try 15, if ur works, nice, U can try 10 if u want. Ended up going to 20 myself, cause it caused issues with kovaaks mouse accelerator
@@ibraheemali3562 U should be fine using 10-15 easily for the mouse, and probably down to 5 on keyboard
Glad to have you back
Dude id been skimming through so many latency tweak guides by other people but you are the only guy that makes it easier to understand and doesnt skip a lot of important details. Thanks so much man!
Best tweaking channel straight to the point! Thank you! Those tweaks actually works!
Ok so this really worked for me and response in games is now awesome. Thanks for sharing and subbed.
I did this optimization and I put a queue of 30 but I only have 2 usb 3.2 gen 2, one type A and one type C, I used a hub and connected both kb and mouse to the type A, do you think that will be an issue? In game I didn't have any issues, I topfragged pretty well in cs actually.
x570 auros itx here.
i always thought i dont have that info since i never fully check the manual, until now.
TLDR, the 4 blue (3blue +1 white) on the back are direct connect to cpu,
the 1 red, 1 usbC, plus the internal 3.0 are all on 1 chipset hub.
i always thought i can get the info from USB tree device software, but seems like even from that i cant tell, so i have always assumed i dont have any ports directly connect to cpu.
Even tho now i found out all this, i have been only connecting my mouse to the cpu ports, with nothing else connected since atm im using 2k polling mouse.
this gives the best result.
Couldn’t for the life of me find my cpu bound usb ports. THANK YOU!!!
Use USB Tree View and look for "Non Companion ports" or it should say something like "Companion ports - 0" those ports go straight to the CPU (Almost always USB 2.0 ports)
I read the title being like : the what now ? I will subscribe! Thanks.
what about hyperthreaded cores? My best gpu cores are 11 and 7. if i pick , do i have to pick 10 aswell, since 11 is the thread and 10 is the core? Furthermore changing the network adapters core doesnt seem to work. (Tested in latencymon)
Although my system was heavily tweaked for latency, this reduced it even further (nearly 15us) in latency mon.. I love it. Mouse very much feels 1:1 now. Same with keyboard :)
Hey bro amazing video your awesome for even taking the time for helping all these people, question tho , I game on pc with a controller at 8k polling , any walkthrough on same way you just showed but for controller ? I wired controller to usb gen 2 like you said I wasn’t even aware of that on mother board
Changing the affinity of your usb would work with your controller.
But the keyboard and mouse tweaks in the registry are only for those peripherals.
@@eastcoasthandle how can I figure out which usb it is that goes to my port on msi utility v 3? Any ideas or videos on location of the correct one ?
Bro you have to read the manual to see if your usb is connected to the cpu or chipset.
@@eastcoasthandle I did it’s to cpu but what about msi utility v3? Setting it to high interrupt priority there? If I have multiple listed there how would I find out which is which ?
Thank you so much for the video! Can you help to find wich port it’s best on my motherboard? It doesn’t especify wich goes through cpu I have rog strix b450 gaming II
You have to read the manual of your motherboard. Some motherboards only go through the chipset.
Just use the video as an example and follow those steps. If you do not see it then your MB doesn't support it.
For multiple host controllers, Is it safe if I put it on the same core I have another host controller on or does it need an entire independent core?
I would limit the use of that. Windows scheduler still does it better overall.
Hello , does it work for another type of device such as a gamepad or an arcade fight stick , or is it only working for mouse and keyboard ???
That depends on the gamepad's polling rate capabilities. If it can't do no more then 125hz, for example, then that's all you are going to get. So you need to research the usb capabilities of the device in question and try it out for yourself.
any fix for packet loss on valorant
ty my g
Very nice video thanks can i ask you i know you sugest values that dont create letters and numbers but when i go 9 decimal(9 decimal 9 hexadecimal) my mouse dont feel good but on decimal 10 is very good, but it creates a hexa 0a,should i go 16 decimal then next value that dont create number and letters?
In that case if the clicks aren't acting funny. Leave it as is.
@@eastcoasthandle thanks so much for the fast answer !
@@kolioludiq9663 No problem.
Nice video dude. On my laptop all devices seem to be connected to one of two XHCI controllers, so wouldnt putting an affinity to it make it so all of the usb devices (both kb and mouse) are on the same core?
correct. Something other then core 0. Just make sure that you don't put it on hyperthreaded cores.
You want to use physical cores.
@@eastcoasthandle ive watched some videos before this saying you would optimally want to have a separate core for each device like gpu, ethernet, kb , mouse etc. . Also ive noticed that when i run latencymon with no affinities set, the interrupts are spread between all cores, but when i assign a core to the XHCI controller, no longer are there any ISR counts on any cores other than the assigned core (and a few on core 0). I wonder which is better for latency?
@@vladbivol8153
All you are doing is removing the bulk of the i/o processing to other cores other than core 0. In particular usb (kb/mouse). It doesn't work for ethernet. You have to tweak a registry entry for that. But you do it because most games require core 0. Games like MW/FC6, etc all require core 0. If you try to disable it either doesn't work or crashes the game.
my dataqueuesize for both kb and mouse were already at 17 hex 23 dec, should i leave it at that or make it a bit higher
Not everyone can go that low. If you aren't noticing any side effects leave it as is. Going lower doesn't net you anything. You are only reducing the queue size.
Hey! Does this optimization seem okay for my PC? OMEN 16.1 inch Gaming Laptop PC 16-b0000 (2W6B5AV)
It's a general optimization guide. You have to know if you can use any tweaks like this on your PC.
I’m curious what Keyboard and Mouse Data Queue Size does if you go too low. Since watching this video a week or two ago, I haven’t seen any differences using “50” versus going all the way down to “10.”
Maybe it’s negatively affecting performance in ways I can’t plainly see from regular use. So just playing safe and keeping it at 50 like you.
All you are doing is reducing the buffer size. Aka Queue size. In effect giving it a shorter duration.
valorant was the only game that wouldnt work if my dataqueue size was too low, the mouse cursor would lock at the top left in game and whenever i'd exit it would keep locking top left until i restarted my pc, it made it completely unusable
If you set a low enough value, youll start to see mouse skipping or it may stop moving/registering movements
Why set mask to core and not core and thread in Interrupt Affinity Tool?
Because the thread itself is not the actual physical core. And when I use apps like latencymon and others I see that the physical core is actually being used not the thread.
I never use the thread and the core. Just the core.
First off awesome vid def got some great info from this and will keep this in mind when I upgrade to another motherboard. So I have a msi tomahawk max and it looks like I have 2 ports that are connected to cpu one is usb but the other is c-type. so my question is Im only gonna be a able to plug in my mouse or my keyb so which might i benefit the most with or is it not gonna really matter since I cant speed up both? I pretty much play all shooters like mw3 gets all my attention right now so its like do I increese my movement speed with KB or aiming speed with mouse 🤷♂
I would suggest the keyboard. Isn't there an adapter from M/usb c to F/usb 3.0?
...
Edit: Wait...you could get a USB C to USB 3.0 Hub with a cable long enough to sit on your desk. Therefore, no additional stress/strain to the usb c port w/those dongles.
If the hub's cables are just to short then get a usb c male to usb 3.0 female cord that's about 6 feet.
@@eastcoasthandle Right on ill have to check those out. Appreciate it! 👍🤘
I cannot notice a difference between 100, 50 , 10 or any values , I read on a forum the super light sensor has 1374 bytes and that a value of 54 would be ideal for 3360 sensors such as Logitech g pro superlight
what thread is that?
@@eastcoasthandle scroll down it’s in there , they mentioned to test for yourself of course but also I did a typo not 1374 it is 1288 bytes sorry
@@eastcoasthandle This is one of those old tweaks that hasn't been talked about much lately but never read any concrete evidence if it works or not.
For those that are interested...
Open Regedit
Goto: Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\mouclass\Parameters
Create Dword 32bit value called: MouseDataQueueSize
Most importantly you want to change the value using Decimal between 100 (highest) and 20 (lowest) increments of 10. Sweat spot is between 30-60. Some values show up differently in Hexadecimal.
Reboot PC
Start game and tab out to desktop. Cursor is squirrely? Click Not Registering in game? Increase the decimal value increments of 5 or 10.
Reboot PC
The gist is that this is placebo. However, some swear by it.
@@eastcoasthandle all that being said I feel like 54 does something and 10 decimal on the keyboard maybe it’s placebo lol
@@haven252if you set it to below 1-5 it breaks the mouse cause the dataqueue is too small. It’s not placebo.
for a laptop, what is the optimal value in decimal?
I honestly don't know.
@@eastcoasthandle ok, could you respond to the other comments left on your channel? Thanks.
Would that really help even in a high end gaming computer? (4080 13900K)
yes
Which cores , and how many for 4/8 cores processor i3-12100f. I want to reduce input delay on my ps5 dualsense controller
1 core is enough
@@eastcoasthandle Okay, but i don't know which will be the best. And this dataqueuesize working for controllers delay like my dualsense ?
@@ijankes1178 Oh, the best core is an AMD thing. You don't have to worry about that with Intel. All you have to know is how many physical cores you actually have. You can confirm this using Task Manager's Performance Tab. Then look for Cores at the bottom. Logical Cores are the physical cores + Hyperthreading. You don't use hyperthreading.
in case of intel cpu, it seems no usb port connected to cpu directly
Source?
realmente muito bom
Puedes ayudarme en el MICRO STUTTERING, optimizo todo mi pc y aun asi me da stuttering, ya desactive la barra de juego y el presenwrite :c
Unfortunately I don't have enough information to help you. I would suggest you start with thermal for your cpu/gpu while gaming.
@@eastcoasthandle I always monitor my components, and they stay at 50 degrees, I will be attentive to your videos
Me pasa algo similar, tengo un i7 de décima y una 2060 y aun así noto como problemas de fluides en fortnite. No sé la causa a mi problema, se que no es la temperatura ni ningún tipo de bottleneck así que no se sinceramente, si alguien sabe el por qué a todo esto que me responda este comentario, gracias.
@@dieppyfive884 You are going to have to watch frame rates and see if you are see big fluctuations in fps. IE: 200 fps to 80 fps for example. If so cap your frame rates to something in between like 100 fps. See if then things smooth out.
You have to do way more then disabling those 2 features on windows. it’s a lot of work but there’s a lot of guides on here. Good luck
muito bom
Nobody in the tweaking community actually provide any data this would help, BUT it was confirmed lowering it could only fuck up the way your mouse behaves.
Interesting test would be to see it increased over default value(100) and then some tests.
I've been using this tweak for over a year now. And lowering the numeric value does provide quicker results to mouse clicks. But there are some caveats:
A. USB hubs on chipset won't work well if at all.
B. When changing the mouse/kb/dataqueuesize you must use decimal. There are knuckleheads out there only changing hexadecimal.
C. When changing the mouse/kb/dataqueuesize avoid numeric decimal values that create a partial numeric hexadecimal value. IE: As shown in the video.
D. Make sure you have a motherboard that doesn't port all the usbs to the chipset.
For whatever reason any numeric decimal value that creates a partial numeric hexadecimal value (IE: 1e, 2d, 5g, etc) always messes up the mouse clicks. And causes your key presses to not register correctly more so then selecting a decimal value that's "to low". For example going from 100 to Eighty 'something' that causes a partial numeric hexadecimal value will cause more problems with the mouse/kb more so then going to a decimal value of Fifty "something" that has a complete numeric hexadecimal value.
This sort of information isn't discussed because I actually took the time to research this for the past year. People don't realize:
A. You must use decimal and not hexadecimal
B. Stay away from chipset usb hubs
C. Don't use decimal values that create a number/letter hexadecimal value.
Which is why I am confident in sharing this in the video.
@@eastcoasthandle Actually, Interesting take. thank you. I'm going to take a deeper look into it.
From my personal experience - setting the value to '50' would result in instant 'spraying' in Valorant or cs
I couldn't tap fire anymore.
What's more interesting - '50' would provide a bit more noticeable difference than a value of 24.
For keyboard otherwise I didn't notice any change If any at all.
I think everyone uses decimal, but many newbies were confused about their set value getting changed to hexa instantly.
Considering you've actually put an effort into it, did you happen to test increasing the value to let's say 120? Just over default 100.
I'm curious the data.
@@RicardoMilosGachi
No, I haven't gone over 100. Once I found a value that works best for me I simply stuck with it to make sure that it works correctly in all applications.
@@eastcoasthandle Does this tweak apply to intel boards as well? The motherboard manual for my Asus Z690-E Wifi does not indicate anything regarding which is connected via chipset or cpu.
@@taipoxin Not all motherboard variants will provide that information unfortunately. I would suggest that you contact them directly to see if it does or doesn't. Then decide if you want to use this tweak or not.
This is just a buffer that you are reducing.
How i found my mouse in device manager
I've updated the the Video Details
Go to 7:47 in the video.
its normally GEN 1 thats the cpu, on my x570 they are Blue not the Red ones
I set afinity and my keybord and mouse dont work? How to fix?
@gaming & performance
Just undo what you did.
Use Interrupt Affinity Tool and find the Device you changed. You usually get a warning popup message when you do.
Hit the Delete Mask Button.
It will try to reboot the registry. If successful it will reset it. If not reboot the PC.
@@eastcoasthandle thanks for fast replay, i reinstal atlas system and i fix them,but .... When i start aginity tool i dont have my graphic card for options settup?!
@@user-cz1gh3ye6v If you are seeing problems like that I would suggest that you stop using the affinity tool as it seems to not work right for your setup.
@@eastcoasthandle thanks so much. Sub +
I USE 16 DEC ITS WORKING FINE. BUT IT DOESNT STAY DEC IT CHANGEX TO HEX 10 WTF
BUT I DONT NEED IT IF ITS NUMERIC WITHOUT ANY LETTERS I THINK?
Sure as long as it works.
I cannot explain why it changes on you though. Win10 or Win11?
@@eastcoasthandle happens to me to too. Win11
16 DEC = 10 HEX
How can I do that of queue data size but on controller?,I play controller, GOOD VIDEOOOOO,new subb rh🧢
Not sure to be honest. It's just for KB/Mouse.
How much decimal for gpro superlight?
And for apex pro tkl keyboard?
@@albertvlogabno4023
There is no exact number. This is one of those tweaks that takes time. You have to start at 1/2 of 100 and work your way up or down from there.
I try put to 4 in my keyboard? Is it okay? Is there harm? I just copy what i watch in other vids in yt
@@albertvlogabno4023 start at 50. 4 is too low.
@@eastcoasthandle ok thank you..
dude why you blurried that? :D haha
I am also not quite sure why that was all blurred.