Using Present Tense in Japanese
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- Опубликовано: 27 май 2023
- Do you know how to use so-called 現在形 (present tense) of Japanese verbs? It is often called present tense but, in many situations, present tense of a verb is used to talk about actions or events that are going to happen in the future. Past tense of a verb refers to an action or an event that had already happened, and present tense can refer to things that has not yet happened. In the video, I will talk about the ways present tense of verbs are used in Japanese.
「現在形」と「過去形」という言葉がよく使われますが、日本語においての「現在形」は必ずしも現在のことを述べるのではなく、多くは「まだ発生していない事柄」、すなわち未来に起こるであろう事象を話すときに使われます。状態を表す動詞を使う際は、例えば「いる」「ある」「できる」や動詞の可能形など、現在形は現在の状態を表します。しかし「動作」や「事象」を表すほとんどの動詞を使用する場合、現在形は未来に起こるであろう事象を表すのに使われます。現在形はとても重要な文法ですが、学習者の多くは日本語における現在形の使い方を意識的に学ぶことがないので、間違った使い方をすることが多いです。動詞の現在形の使い方を例文と学ぶことで、より自然な日本語を習得することができます。
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Examples transcript:
犬は吠えます。
猫は吠えません。
田中さんは毎日ビールを飲みます。
私の父はよく怒ります。
母は毎朝ヨガをします。
最近毎日雨が降ります。
私は明日ビールを飲みます。
天気予報によると、明日雨が降ります。
息子は来年小学校に入学します。
今日酒飲む？
うん、飲む。
いや、飲まない。
タバコ吸う？
※In Japanese saying 「タバコを吸いたいですか」in this situation is weird, it sounds like as if saying in English "Do you wish to smoke?"
うん、吸う。
いや、吸わない。
タバコ、吸いますか？
はい、吸います。
いいえ、吸いません。
ねえ、面白い映画あるんだけど、見る？
いや、見ない。今映画見たくない。
じゃあ何する？ワインでも飲む？
最近ダイエットしてるから、今日お酒は飲まない。
じゃあゲームする？面白いボードゲームあるよ。
いや、しない。二人でボードゲームしても楽しくないじゃん。
じゃあ何がしたい！殺し合う！？
何怒ってんの？
だって、せっかく一緒にいるのに何もしないんだもん。つまらない。
じゃあ、ドライブにでも行く？
行かない。家で遊びたい。
あー、仕事疲れた。
ビール飲みたいね。
…飲む？（いやらしいかお）
飲まないよ。明日仕事だし。
私は飲むよ。
えー、ずるい！じゃあ私も飲む。一杯だけね。
居酒屋行く？
居酒屋行ったらいっぱい飲んじゃうじゃん。コンビニで一缶だけ買って公園で飲もう。
いいよ。
(2時間後)
すいませ〜ん！生一つください！
私も生一つ！
ねえねえ、これ飲み終わったら、もう一軒行く？
あたぼうよ！
あれ？明日仕事があるから一缶しか飲まないって言ってなかったけ？
明日のことは明日考える。今日は今日で楽しもう！
・・・
あー、二日酔いだー…頭が痛い、具合が悪い…仕事に行きたくない…もうやだ…死ぬ。
私は部屋にいる。
私はピアノが弾けます。
東京タワーが見えます。
あんたたち、いつアメリカに帰るの？
三日後の飛行機で帰る。お母さん、別れる時絶対泣くよね。
泣かないわよ。なんで私が泣かなきゃいけないの。
だって、みずきが生まれてから3ヶ月間ずっと世話してくれてたじゃん。私、お母さん絶対泣くと思うけどなあ。
泣かないわよ。
いや、泣くね。
泣かないって。
お母さん、この3ヶ月間、本当にありがとね。またみずき連れて来年日本に帰ってくるから。
お母さん、泣かないって言ったでしょ？
泣いてないわよ！花粉症で目が痒いだけよ！
お母さん強がり言って。
早く行きなさい！飛行機に乗り遅れるわよ！
お母さん、じゃあ、行くね。また来年帰って来るからね！
わかったわかった！早く行きなさい！
毎日みずきの写真送るからね！お母さん、元気でね。
Hey, think you could make a video explaining multi-use words like もらいます and 事? I hear them used in loads of sentences with wildly different contexts, and i don't quite understand the nuance anymore.
Another suggestion for a video could be when the topic is placed at the end of sentence along with the particle は.
Sorry if these are actually stupid questions haha
Ину ва хое мас.Нэко ва хое масе н.Танака- сан ва майнити биру о номимас
ありがとう ございます🌹🌹🌹
日本語を読むことを学ぶことは、自転車に乗ることを学ぶことに似ています。最初は難しいです。
@@pavelsmichenko8821それは本当だ。
I seriously think Kaname san has a passion for acting
Indeed!
he does it with such intensity
And a passion for teaching of course!
Looks cute too❤
@@maro_23 Best combination
The fact that your example dialogues are pretty funny makes them so much more engaging to listen to. And they're a lot more relatable than most thing's I've encountered in textbooks too
I really appreciate all the examples being spoken and written in Japanese (with a translation). It's really helping me remember my listening comprehension skills rather than using the crutch of just checking the subtitles and going 'ah yeah, at one point I knew words for all of that'.
cancelled my date tonight because Kaname just dropped a new video
W
THE SCRIPT WAS SO GOOD AND THE ACTING WAS EVEN BETTER LOL thank you for making learning easy and also super enjoyable :) Kaname-sensei is da best
I'd love to see a video on the many ways to say "and" or "or" in Japanese. Or maybe "why" and "how" in Japanese.
Another Kaname W.
Top shelf content
Smoking example: In UK, I think the usual question in this situation Kaname-San is using would be "Do you smoke". It is slightly ambiguous as to whether or not that is a question asking if the person WILL smoke at the meal, but suffices to establish if the person is a smoker. I don't think one would ever ask "Will you smoke" in this context.
Couldn't see anyone else mentioning this so I'll chuck it in. You can often use the present tense to talk about the future in English too! Usually by using the verb "to be" with an "-ing" form (I don't know the fancy linguistics term for it!) and a time indicator. For example...
"I'm meeting my Dad later".
"I'm getting on a bus tomorrow."
"I'm graduating next year."
"I'm having spaghetti for dinner."
This is present progressive not present simple so a little different
I got slightly confused about the present tense in Japanese when I improved, exactly the video I was after.
This is so fun!
Can I send this to Oscar's? Your acting is so impeccable!🤩
when i saw that video i read 現在 as xianzai, please help me
(i learned japanese for 4 years and started learning chinese almost a year ago, and it messes with my brain)
Btw, usage of present tense to tell future is quite the same, you can use present tence to tell about the future, you just (most of the time) need to clarify you are talking about 明天，明年, etc.
and acting skills in the video are just superb lol
And I do ,l read like Chinis kanji
@@pavelsmichenko8821 мне ещё смешно то, что мы оба русские
@@romawar мой родной язык дэда Эна -грузинский .ქართული ენა.Мне легко даётся китайский ,арабскийعرب , японский.А теперь я ещё и жидобандера אחשב מדבר יברית.Сензай ,помаленьку
What i like about your way of teaching is that you bring a lot of examples
かなめ先生のスケッチは最高だ！いつも、良質のレッスンくださってありがとうございます！
man i get so invested in these stories
I've watched all your videos and it seems baffling to me that there's so few videos in your channel and that the channel was created so recently. It seems like you've got the technique down and your videos are so clean. Also, your channel has grown so quickly. I'll continue watching all your videos as they come out.
i shed a tear at that last scene act 3
明日のことは明日考える. Very nice expression to learn. Thanks.
Thanks again for this video, Kaname!
great engaging videos as always! keep up the great work!
Best teacher here, so fun and the best dialogue, thank you kaname-sensei !
The hangover part had me dying! lol
His acting skills are getting better and better each video
Thank you Kaname Sensei. Your videos are super helpful. Please keep up the great work!
I can communicate in English, Russian, Arabic, Hebrew, Georgian. Now I like to communicate in Japanese.先生、あなたのビデオはとても役に立ちました。ありがとう。
こんなに面白い説明方法は他の動画で見つからない！
your examples are priceless, please keep it up! Your lessons are very good!
６ヶ月前に日本語を勉強し始めました。Kanameさんの動画のおかげで、いろんなことを学ぶことができました。
ありがとうございます！
Thank you for the videos!
Amazing video, what a fun way to learn!
one of the good japanese-teaching channel, hope you keep uploading something for us to learn 🥰
Great as always
Arigato Kaname-sensei. I feel that your videos will be very helpful when I study Japanese seriously. I am struggling to remember hirigana at the moment, so vocabulary is rather limited.
I'm korean and I am not good at either English or Japanese, but why do I keep looking at this video? wwwww
a new video from Kaname is the perfect way to start my Monday morning
Kaname is such a cute and charming man. 😊
You make great videos.. subscribed instantly!
「私の父はよく遅れます」This is too true. I almost lost my first job because he wouldn't wake up in enough time to drive me there.
❤❤❤.He is very accurate in his lesson which I really needed.
Excellent examples! And the acting is spot on, too. Forget the 能 theater. The minimalism of this contemporary art form is the best.
As for language, everyday English often simplifies forms, so we don't always stick to what some people call "rules." I'm often approached with questions about some grammar rules related to the tenses in the English language that make much sense on paper when you see the rule but little sense in real life when you hear people communicate. I've also noticed drastic differences between the way the British or Australian people use some tenses and how we do in the US. But then, English isn't as unified as Japanese perhaps is.
Staying tuned for what's next.
Man I love the examples... 10/10
Kaname literally has the best Japanese teaching videos
very good!!
@kanamenaito this series is really wonderful, thank you. Maybe a suggestion for a future episode could be "~ to iu koto" which can often sound superfluous. Regardless, looking forward to the next iteration!
5:23 So, if I'm getting this correctly, to make sure the other person understands you are talking about playing the piano in the future or seeing Tokyo Tower in the future, it's best to add a word related to the time point at which you are going to do them such as ashita (tomorrow).
Educational and funny!
Even though I've grasped this concept fairly well, just having spoken examples to listen to is invaluable.
Liked even before watching cuz I know it's gonna be awesome
Thank you :)
I absolutely love his sense of humor
Loved your performance. That's really me and my mom at the end, word in word, just in Russian 😂
Thanks!!
This is why grammar books refer to this as "non-past" rather than present (and future)
Disclaimer: Kaname-sensei does not advocate irresponsible drinking. Please take care of yourselves 😁
EXCELENTES VIDEOS
The picture on the wall indirectly saying... Sorry girls, I’m already taken. 😅
The acting skills for me is 💯 🤣😊👍🏼
Your videos are super helpful!!! If it's not too much trouble to suggest, a video talking about present verb vs ~ている would be really helpful...I struggle with this specific concept a lot. It probably comes from the fact I (and many others) was taught "~ている" means the same as "~ing" does in English, which isn't all that true. I mean if you say "I'm going to the super market" in Japanese, you say 「スーパーに行く」. You don't use 行きっている, right?
Anyways, no pressure obviously, just a suggestion because you're such a great teacher!
So the thing is the tenses in Japanese are not directly analogous to English, so what is called the present tense can be thought of as the base form of a verb, and as Kaname states, you can specify a time to communicate past or future tense.
In the same way, the ーている form can be thought of as a progressive tense, but it's not merely present progressive like -ing in English, but it can be used as imperfect tense as well. In a lot of ways, it can communicate more or less the same things as the base, present verb form, but using ーている emphasizes a continuous or habitual action or state, either in the present or the past.
So for example, if I say 'スーパーに行ったの時に' that means 'when I went to the supermarket'. However, if I say 'スーパーに行っていたの時に' that means 'when I was going to the supermarket'. The first communicates that what you say next relates to what happens when you *were already at* the supermarket, but the second communicates what happened when you were *on your way* to the supermarket.
In this way, you can convey things that the base form does not allow you to do, or you can convey something that the base form *does allow you to do, but emphasizing the continual or habitual aspect*, for example:
'彼はいつも勉強する' means 'He always studies' or 'he's always studying', but "彼はいつも勉強している" specifically means 'he's always studying', emphasizing the continual/habitual aspect. Now you can use both of these to mean 'he's always studying', but what if we took away the 'いつも'? Because we're no longer specifying a time period, '彼は勉強する' is more likely to mean 'he studies' rather than "he's studying". Likewise, if we said "彼は勉強している" now it's crystal clear that 'he's studying' at this current moment.
"'彼は勉強する" is broad and does not specify a time period, it implies that he's in school and does study but isn't studying right at that moment. Though there's still nuance, if I stated '彼は今勉強する' that can mean he's studying right now *OR* that he studies in a general sense because he's in school *now*. Using ーしている makes it a lot more clear what you mean.
EDIT: To expand on the past tense, if I say "彼女は韓国人と思っていた" that means 'I thought she was Korean' but communicates that you had thought she was Korean for an extended period of time. But if I just say "彼女は韓国人と思った" it also means 'I thought she was Korean' but communicates that it was a short-lived misunderstanding.
Sorry for the long comment, and while my Japanese is not perfect, I think I've given a decent explanation though anyone feel free to correct me. Hope this helps :)
Thank you for such an entertaining and informative content! 💘The dialogs are the best! I have a question about frequently happening action: I thought that we use in such cases the ている form..😿🙀 What is the difference between "毎日雨が降っている"and "毎日雨が降る". The first one describes the period of time, like from yesterday till now? The second one means that it`s usually rains? That frequently action in Japanese always makes me confuse😵😭
要さん, 素晴らしい俳優ですね!
Useful stuff+1
Damn, your channels growing fast.
Maybe you'd make a vid on how のでは is used?
「じゃあ何がしたいの?殺し合う?」
めちゃうけるwww
😝 the acting actually makes it very interesting.
I watch kaname videos for the lessons, of course!
“What does present tense of Japanese verbs do?”
Bro, I don’t even know what they do in English 😂
かなめさんは一番先生！
i don't know why but you remind me the young version of Tim Cook from old TV show Irasshai!:)
could you do a video about the verb 思う, i see this alot but i just don't understand how it is really used
Can you make a video about -mitai, -rashi, -ppoi form please?
Hoping for you podcast channel? お願いします🤲🥺
Arigato Go Zai Mashita
🙏🏻👍🏻
Hi sensei, 2:55 shouldn't we use negative form when inviting or asking some one? I.e suimasen ka?
In this video, there is:
田中さんは毎日ビールを飲みます。Tanaka drinks beer every day.
In the -ている video there is:
私、毎朝10キロ走っています。I run 10 kilometers every morning.
They both seem to have the same meaning, but have different verb endings, and I'm not sure what to make of it.
The present tense implies the habit is permanent, whereas ～ている implies it may be temporary. The difference is subtle and to my understanding they are interchangeable in many situations.
So the second example may translate something like:
私、毎朝10キロ走っています。I have been running 10 kilometers every morning (but I don't know how long I will be able to keep it up).
Took this info from the article "Present Progressive Tense & Resultant States with Te-form" on wasabi-jpn.
So, saying UN can mean yes or no depending on intonation ?
The hardest part is how japanese's present tense is in english's future tense. However, that kinda makes sense.
We have the "future of the past" tense and the "more than perfect past" tense in portuguese, which can be kinda confusing too. So... I kinda get it.
要先生はとてもセクシー先生です。
二日酔いだー…死ぬ。🤣. So funny, cheerz from france 🇫🇷 ;).
それに要は、日本語上手ですね
but you said in te form video that if something you do regularly you use ている with the verb .
It’s present-future tense right? What would future tense in Japanese be otherwise?
It's up to you to decide whether that's the mom or the son crying at the very end.
明日のことは明日考える今日は今日
my life's motto
I have a question.
田中さんは毎日ビ-ルを飲みます。
田中さんは毎日ビ-ルを飲んでいます。
Can I use 「ている」to describe a habit instead of 「ます」? What different between these 2 sentences above from a Japanese perspective? Thank you in advance.
What happened to Tanaka-san?
common kaname W i love you kaname
when he talks I understand most of t. When my kids and wife talk I don't understand much when Japanese tv is on I dont understand anything.
I don’t even learn Japanese and yet watch your videos. 😐
try to learn it lol
2:35 portuguese loan word? We call the cigarrets "tabaco", so probably it's a loanword.
It's just cool japanese has lots of portuguese loan words too, don't know why though...
yep. it is
Yes, that's right. The word came to Japanese from Spanish and/or Portuguese. The origin of the word, though, is from native tribes in the Americas, who were the first to introduce tobacco to the rest of the world.
also パン is also a portuguese loanword (pão)
@@coffee-is-power pretty sure it’s a French loan word. Pan is how they say bread.
@@coffee-is-power eu ia falar isso
Another banger.
You couldn't talk some about the different sentence endings there are. I'm still very new and just wondering about all the different connotations and meanings of them.
❤
🤔
サンキュー
Future tense, will do, plain form of verb or masu form. Nomimasu. Will drink.
Is doing, present tense, te iru, nondeiru, is drinking
i first thought it was xianzai in chinese
Not many people smoke in Japan. They always say 吸いません
Horrible 😂
you have never been. Millions and millions smoke. 🤦🏻♂
@@colinjames2469 You obviously didn’t get the joke 😊.
すみません ?😂
I thought the dictionary る form shouldn't be called present form, because it only describes what one will do in the future, or does habitually and not necessarily right now. I thought Japanese was like English in terms of expressing the present using to be + ing / て + いる. So if that's true, why would grammarians confuse everyone by calling る a present tense form?
I think in European languages, present form is dictionary form so they call Japanese dictionary form(終止形) present form.
I mean it is a present tense, just not only a present tense
I've seen the term "non-past" tense pop up, but calling it present tense in the video title probably makes it easier for people who don't know that yet to search for it, since if you're coming from English, you might assume Japanese also has 3 distinct past, present and future tenses
My old textbook called it "imperfect" rather than "present", probably for that reason. But it's more complicated. For many verbs it serves as habitual and as future tenses. For some verbs like iru, aru, iku, kuru, it additionally serves as present tense.
terebi o miru = I regularly watch tv, or I will watch tv (2 meanings)
shigoto ni iku = I regularly go to work, I will go to work, or I am going to work (3 meanings)
for the first type, te iru indicates being in a state where the action is happening
terebi o mite iru = I am watching tv
but for the second, te iru indicates being in a state where the action has just happened, so kind of a past tense
shigoto ni itte iru = I've gone to work (and I'm still there)
@@MusicalRaichu thanks for your insight. I wasn't aware of these exceptions. So in that case would it be wrong to say 仕事に行っている or would it just sound weird?
@@jon-boi Don’t make this more complicated than the Dictionary or Plain form as being both the Present or the Future tense (based on context), and the ている form as being in a continuous state.
For example, if you say 仕事に行く that most likely means “I will go to work”, if we just say it like that, without context. You can be more specific and say, 明日、仕事に行くand that is unambiguously a future action. If you use a temporal word such as 毎日、毎週、いつも, etc, now you’re forcing the sentence into a habitual one. Simple!
When you say, 仕事に行っている you’re implying that you are currently in the state of going to work, very similar to the “ing” Present Progressive in English. Maybe someone calls you and asks “What are you doing now?”, and you reply with 今、仕事に行っている “I’m currently on my way to work (or going to work)”. Obviously you started this action in the Past, but the main point is that it is something currently happening and will continue to happen into the future, until it doesn’t. That said, there are exception verbs where the ている form is different from the English “ing” form. For example:
彼女は太っている doesn’t mean “She is being fat”. What this sentence is saying is simply “She is fat”. This is describing the state her body is in right now. Obviously the same principle applies to the verb 痩せる which is “To lose weight”. This is why context is key, especially with Japanese. That said, don’t overthink it 😊.
HTH!
Ничего не понял ,кроме "mainiti" но очень хорошие видео .Танка сан ва майнити биру о но ми мас
then you need to learn harder. You understood the very basics of basic
@@taoretakitsune 私は中国語の読み書きができますが、日本語も知りたいです。воу хуи шуо Джун вень бу Дуо .私は漢字を学ぶことに慣れています.Taoreta Kitsune san, thank you.
私は部屋にいる
わたしはぴアロが弾けます