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Nacl concentration is 0.85% in normal saline used.

"Thank you for your question. Egg-based vaccines have been used for decades and have undergone rigorous testing to ensure their safety and efficacy. The viruses used in these vaccines are grown in chicken eggs, but they are purified and processed extensively before being used in vaccines. This process removes any potential contaminants and ensures that the final vaccine is safe for human use. Additionally, it's essential to understand that getting vaccinated doesn't involve injecting people with the actual disease-causing virus. Instead, vaccines contain either weakened or inactivated forms of the virus, or they use only specific parts of the virus to stimulate the immune system to produce a protective response. This helps the body recognize and fight off the virus if it's encountered in the future, without causing illness. Regarding reports of people getting sick after vaccination, it's crucial to differentiate between correlation and causation. Just because someone gets sick after receiving a vaccine doesn't necessarily mean that the vaccine caused the illness. Health authorities closely monitor vaccine safety through robust surveillance systems, and any adverse events are thoroughly investigated to determine their cause. Vaccination plays a critical role in preventing infectious diseases and reducing their spread within communities. By vaccinating against diseases like influenza, measles, and others, we not only protect ourselves but also contribute to herd immunity, which helps to safeguard those who may be more vulnerable to severe complications. As for concerns about zoonotic diseases, vaccines are specifically designed to prevent human diseases and are not known to cause zoonotic diseases. In fact, vaccines have been instrumental in controlling and even eradicating certain zoonotic diseases, such as rabies. If you have any further questions or concerns, I encourage you to speak with a healthcare professional or consult reputable sources of information on vaccine safety and efficacy. It's essential to make informed decisions based on accurate information. Thank you for your inquiry."

"I'm truly sorry to hear about the ordeal you went through with Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever in 2002. It must have been an incredibly challenging and frightening experience. AHF is a serious viral disease, and I'm relieved to hear that you were able to survive despite the lack of a diagnosis at that time. Your resilience and strength are commendable. While it's unfortunate that there was no test available to diagnose the virus back then, medical advancements have significantly improved since then, enabling better detection and management of such diseases. Your experience underscores the importance of ongoing research and investment in healthcare infrastructure to better identify and treat emerging infectious diseases. Thank you for sharing your experience with us. Wishing you continued health and well-being."

@@tinypredators Thank you so much . Yes it was a difficult time for me and for my family . I was just 10 years old but still remember that horrifying time in hospital and countless efforts and love of my Mother. It was my mother's prayer that i could survive.

"Thank you for watching the video and for your positive feedback! I'm delighted to hear that you found it helpful. Food spoilage is a common concern, and it's important to understand how to identify and prevent it to ensure food safety. Your support and engagement are truly appreciated. Wishing you success in keeping your food fresh and safe!"

"Thank you so much for watching the video and sharing your feedback! I'm glad to hear that you found it helpful. Kyasanur forest disease is indeed a complex topic, and I'm pleased that the information provided was informative for you. Your engagement and interest in learning about public health issues are greatly appreciated. Wishing you continued learning and well-being!"

Thank you♥️

Thanks♥️

1. What is Rabies Vaccine? Rabies vaccine is a medical product designed to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against the rabies virus. It is administered to individuals who have been exposed to potentially rabid animals or as a preventive measure for individuals at risk of rabies exposure. The vaccine helps protect against rabies, a life-threatening viral disease that affects the central nervous system and is almost always fatal once symptoms appear. 2. What is rabies immunoglobulin? Rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) are readymade antibodies against the rabies virus. It is administered to individuals who have been exposed to potentially rabid animals to provide immediate protection against the rabies virus. RIG is typically given at the site of the exposure wound(s) along with rabies vaccine as part of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to prevent the development of rabies. 3. When Rabies immunoglobulin should be given? At the time of the first vaccine dose: RIG is typically administered at the same time as the first dose of the rabies vaccine. This is done to provide immediate protection against rabies virus, as the patient's immune system take some days to produce its own antibody in response to rabies vaccination. Directly at the wound site: RIG should be injected directly into and around the wound(s) where the patient was potentially exposed to the rabies virus. If there is more than one wound, the RIG should be divided and used proportionally at each site. 4. What if rabies suspected patient taking rabies immunoglobulin almost 4 weeks after exposure. However, vaccination is going as per schedule. is it problematic? If a rabies-suspected patient receives rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) four weeks after a potential exposure but is receiving the rabies vaccine according to the recommended schedule, it is still an important step in the treatment of rabies. Here are some considerations: Rabies Vaccination: The rabies vaccine is a critical component of rabies treatment. By continuing to receive the rabies vaccine as per the recommended schedule, the patient is working to stimulate their immune system to produce antibodies against the rabies virus. This is essential for preventing the virus from progressing if it is present in the body. Rabies Immunoglobulin (RIG): While RIG is ideally administered as soon as possible after exposure, it can still provide some benefit even if administered later. RIG contains antibodies against the rabies virus and can help neutralize the virus at the site of the exposure wound(s). Its effectiveness decreases with time, but it may still offer some protection. Abhayrab is a good vaccine for rabies treatment/prevention. So don't worry, as you have already vaccinated yourself with rabies vaccine as per schedule. However rabies immunoglobulin help to neutralize rabies virus more effectively if given immediately after exposure or bite and hence enhance protection against rabies virus. one more thing which is important to discuss is site of rabid bite or exposure on the body. As in every rabid bite cases early RIG is beneficial along with vaccine. If the rabid bite is near the brain (mouth, neck, shoulders), in such scenario immediate rabies immunoglobulin is mandatory. Because delaying in such cases can be lethal and virus can reach the brain in few days. And once the virus reach the brain.. then its too late..... All the above points are applicable if rabid animal bites you....if bite is from normal dog or animal....you can follow vaccination schedule as a preventive measure without taking rabies immunoglobulin (RIG). In suspected bite cases follow both the things (vaccine & RIG) as per schedule. Hope this will be going to help you............. stay safe...stay curious...........

Not a silly question at all! In fact, it's a very relevant and intriguing one. While prion diseases like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, mad cow disease, and others are distinct from neurodegenerative conditions like Motor Neuron Disease (MND) and Parkinson's disease, there are some potential areas of overlap in terms of understanding protein misfolding and aggregation. Research into prion diseases has provided valuable insights into the mechanisms of protein misfolding and the role of abnormal protein aggregates in neurodegeneration. These findings have raised questions and hypotheses about whether similar processes might contribute to other neurodegenerative diseases. However, it's important to note that while there may be commonalities, each of these diseases has its unique features, causes, and underlying mechanisms. Therefore, while findings in prion disease research could inform and inspire research in MND, Parkinson's, and other neurodegenerative diseases, they are not a direct substitute for specific research in those areas. Nevertheless, interdisciplinary research and a better understanding of protein misfolding and aggregate formation may lead to innovative approaches and treatments that benefit a wide range of neurological conditions. Collaboration and cross-pollination of ideas among researchers studying different neurodegenerative diseases can certainly help accelerate progress in the field. While prion disease findings may not directly lead to better research for MND and Parkinson's, they do contribute to our broader understanding of neurodegeneration and may indirectly influence research directions and potential therapeutic strategies for these diseases.

Yes, it is indeed fascinating to explore the wide range of cultural practices around the world. Kuru disease is a striking example of how cultural traditions and practices can sometimes have unexpected consequences.

I can understand the confusion, but Kuru disease is actually a different neurological condition from epilepsy. While both are related to the brain, they have distinct causes and symptoms. Kuru disease is a very rare and now mostly eradicated neurological disorder that was associated with the Fore people in Papua New Guinea. It was caused by prions, which are abnormal proteins, and was linked to their cultural practice of cannibalism, particularly the consumption of human brain tissue. On the other hand, epilepsy is a much more common neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures. These seizures can have various causes, including genetic factors, brain injuries, infections, and more. Epilepsy is not related to prion diseases like Kuru.

"Way to go! First comment always deserves a celebration! 🙌Thanks for being so quick to engage!"

HIV does not survive for long outside the human host. It is quite fragile and typically cannot survive more than a few minutes to a few hours outside the body. The virus's ability to remain viable is influenced by factors such as temperature, humidity, and exposure to the environmental conditions. That is why risk of transmission of HIV from environmental surfaces or objects is extremely low as HIV is primarily transmitted through direct contact with specific body fluids from an infected person.

Hello @buddharuci, I appreciate your curiosity! The voice you're hearing is actually generated using AI technology to create a more engaging experience as my voice is not good enough & impactful. I understand it might sound different, but I assure you it's all part of enhancing the content. If you have any questions or if there's something specific you'd like to discuss, feel free to let me know. Your feedback is valuable! 🤖🎙️"

Hi @crownketra, after a potential exposure to hepatitis B through unprotected sex, it's recommended to get tested as soon as possible. However, hepatitis B virus can take some time to show up in laboratory tests. So, for the most accurate results, it's advisable to wait at least 4-6 weeks after the suspect of potential exposure to Hep-B virus before getting tested. Moreover, consider reaching out to a healthcare professional who can provide personalized guidance based on your situation. Take care and stay proactive about your health!!

Dear Sofia, "I can understand how challenging it must be for you, and I empathize with your desire for relief from the difficulties associated with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB). CHB is indeed a serious condition, and I'm here to offer information and support. As per current scenario, complete cure for CHB that completely eradicates the virus from the body is not yet available. However, I want to reassure you that medical research is continuously advancing, and there have been significant breakthroughs in managing CHB and improving patients' quality of life. Currently, there are antiviral medications that can effectively suppress the virus, reduce liver inflammation, and prevent further damage. These treatments have shown to make a positive impact on patients' health and reduce the risk of complications. Researchers around the world are dedicated to finding new treatment options and, ultimately, a potential cure for CHB. In the meantime, it's crucial to work closely with your healthcare provider to manage your condition optimally. They can provide you with the most up-to-date information about treatment options, lifestyle changes, and strategies to minimize discomfort. It's also important to lean on support networks, whether that's friends, family, or patient communities, to share experiences and learn from others who are going through similar challenges. I want to emphasize that your well-being is important, and your strength in facing these challenges is commendable. Remember that you're not alone in this journey, and your well-being matters. Continue advocating for your health and seeking the best care possible. While a complete cure might not be available at this moment, advancements in medical research offer hope for the future. Stay informed, stay connected, and prioritize your health and happiness." Wishing you all the best on your journey towards better health and comfort.

Glad you think so!

dear @handworkdesign1305 , kindly go through the following link for more information on Lf testing: apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/70166/BLG_UNDP_77.2_Rev1_pg1-35.pdf;jsessionid=8D87E876FE0F126FF91ED77EFBEFDC5C?sequence=1

Haha😀can I take it as a compliment?

Glad you think so!

Let's hope that the lessons learned from this pandemic will help us better navigate any future challenges & obviously hoping even more joyful Christmas parties every year now onwards.

share your mail ID. I will send you SOP for abnormal toxicity. Thank you!!

Thank you dear🙂

Dear Tom, Lf is unit of measurement for knowing concentration of antigen in bacterial toxin, toxoid/vaccine or concentration of antibody in antitoxin/antiserum...more Lf of toxoid/vaccine means, it have higher antigen concentration....more Lf of antitoxin/antiserum means, it have higher concentration of antibodies in it...Lf importance is in vaccine preparations...if you will see a vial of Diphtheria and tetanus vaccine, in the label you will find out Lf per dose....This Lf is the main content of DT vaccine which protect us from tetanus and Diphtheria disease...

and in case of antitoxin/antiserum,high Lf means sufficient lavel of protective antibodies..which are given in case of emergency...suspected tetanus or Diphtheria cases...and these antibodies can neutralize the tetanus or Diphtheria antigen present in the body of suspected, if present

✌✌😊

Actually vaccine dose is 0.5 ml (SHD). So label claim vary from company to company pertaining Lf content..as per pharmacopeia guideline, for Diphtheria, Lf per dose should not exceed 25 Lf/0.5ml....and for tetanus component, minimum Lf requirement per dose is 5 or more than 5 Lf/ml