Understanding Leprosy, Its Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention || Hansen's Disease || M. Leprae

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Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, and mucosal surfaces of the respiratory tract. Leprosy is one of the oldest recorded diseases in human history and has been associated with stigma and misconceptions for centuries.
Mycobacterium leprae is a rod-shaped bacterium, classified as an acid-fast bacillus. It is relatively small, with dimensions ranging from 2 to 6 µm in length and approximately 0.2 µm in width.
The primary mode of transmission is person-to-person, especially through prolonged close contact with an untreated and actively infected individual. Respiratory droplets containing the bacteria are released into the air when the infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes.
M. leprae enters the human body through the respiratory tract. Inhalation of respiratory droplets containing the bacterium can lead to infection. The bacterium is taken up by macrophages, which are immune cells that play a key role in the body's defense against pathogens.
The treatment for leprosy involves the use of multidrug therapy (MDT), which is a combination of antibiotics. MDT is highly effective in killing the bacteria responsible for leprosy, Mycobacterium leprae.
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