Rat-Flea-Yersinia: Three Deadly Culprits of Plague | Black Death | Pneumonic & Bubonic Plague

Plague is a contagious and severe infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. It primarily affects rodents, and humans can contract the disease through bites from infected fleas or by coming into contact with infected animals. Plague can manifest in different forms, including bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic. It has caused several historical pandemics, resulting in significant mortality rates.
One of the earliest recorded pandemics, the Justinian Plague, struck the Byzantine Empire, including Constantinople, and is estimated to have killed tens of millions of people.
Yersinia pestis is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for causing the deadly infectious disease known as plague, also known as the Black Death
The most common mode of transmission is through the bite of infected fleas. Fleas, particularly species like Xenopsylla cheopis (rat flea), can become infected with the plague bacterium, Yersinia pestis, after feeding on the blood of infected rodents.
When an infected flea bites a human, it can transmit the bacteria into the person's bloodstream, leading to infection.
In bubonic plague, the bacterium localizes in the nearest lymph node to the flea bite, causing it to swell and become painful. These swollen lymph nodes, known as buboes, are characteristic of bubonic plague.
In some cases, Yersinia pestis can infect the lungs, leading to pneumonic plague. This form of the disease is highly contagious and can spread from person to person through respiratory droplets when an infected individual coughs or sneezes.
The primary treatment for plague involves antibiotics that are effective against Yersinia pestis, the bacterium causing the disease. The most commonly used antibiotics include Streptomycin, Gentamicin, Doxycycline & Ciprofloxacin.
Rodents, particularly rats and mice, serve as reservoirs for the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis. Effective rodent control measures, such as trapping and poison baits, can help reduce rodent populations in urban and rural areas.
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