Fantastic lecture! It helps so much when you always recap key concepts, and constantly remind your viewers why something occurs. It helps the theory stick better. Your lectures flow amazingly well. Thanks Andrey!
Yes, I'm doing biochem as one of our papers for Physiology, and all of the content I need to revise is all on your channel. Yaay!! :-) I'm sure other medical students will greatly appreciate all your lectures. Sadly, lecturers at our University are very monotonous when teaching which puts us all to sleep, so having your lectures which are all under 20 minutes, straight to the point and recapped all in one is just fantastic. Don't get me wrong, our lecturers are superbly knowledgable, however sometimes that's not all you need to be able to teach. You have a gift and are able to actually teach the content in a way that students need. I honestly wish you nothing but the best for your channel- it's greatly appreciated by myself and my fellow peers! :-)
@@simrannisha8793 did he thought it pumped 4 H+ because during his explanation, 2 H2Os were produced and the usual explanation is that 1 H2O is produced in complex 4, therefore 2 H+ per H2O
Thanks for this! Your diagrams are super clear to follow! I don't mean to be that person, but I think you flipped the net number of H+ passed through the membrane between Complex III and Complex IV.
I came onto here to get a quick answer for a homework problem but was reeled in and watched the whole thing (even though it's 11:01PM and the assignment is due at midnight). Absolutely captivating!
wow this is amazing! both the concept and your teaching! I like how you are very organized with your lecture and you always recap key concepts, your teaching style helps so much for slow students like me :) you deserve millions of subscribers sir! thank you so much, glad I found you on youtube!
I am currently studying for the MCAT Dr. Andrey Kopot, and your lectures are so helpful!! Thank you so much! (I just checked out your channel, and I just realized that you are a physician!) I am looking forward to using your medical lectures on your website as a medical student.
Omg makes so much more sense now. I'm in pharmacy school and this biochem professor can't explain it properly. Thank you! Also, I LOL'd at 3:45 when your voice cracks bahaha, but you're great!
Great video!! One slight correction - not the one others have mentioned - right at the beginning of the lecture at 0:54 ... the two sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane is the matrix side and the INTERMEMBRANE SPACE, not the cytoplasmic side. The outer membrane is the membrane that separates the cytoplasmic side from the intermembrane space.
My notes previous notes from biochemistry made it seem like this one pathway was two completely different pathways independent from each other, thank you so much!!!
CORRECTION for 10 min 30 sec mark: H+ transported across the inner mito. membrane is "442" through complexes I, III, and IV respectively (not 424 as written) Otherwise, fantastic lecture thanks!
Hello, First I would really like to thank you, its very understandable and your way of explanation is amazing!!! But I can't get why complex ||| transport 2H+ while its actually transport 4H+ , I think its complex |V which give 2H+ per molecule of water..
Are you sure that complex III pumps 2 protons into the intermembrane space? My MCAT study materials say that complex III pumps 4 protons and Complex IV pumps 2.
Although Complex 3 transport 4 H+ per Q cycle, only one cycle can be completed by one Ubiquinol, from one NADH, by one cycle of Malate-Aspartate shuttle. So, two shuttle cycles are required to complete the entire Q cycle, which would yield 20 H+
Great lecture, as always. I do have one question. If someone can answer this for me I would be eternally grateful: If one of the purposes of this shuttle is to regenerate the NAD+ for glycolysis, why are we taking that NAD+ to the mitochondria to be converted to NADH? Is all of the NAD+ reduced to NADH again or will we have some left for glycolysis?
Thank you for this great lecture!!! However, there is a bit that I would like to clarify. At the end, you wrote that complex III produces 2H+ into the intermembrane space. Surely, it produces 4H+? Because 2 is produces via cycle 1 and the other 2 is produced in cycle 2. Please help me clarify in case I misunderstood anything!
I really thank you so much , you always help me and in my house... I study medicine in Egypt. I would like to know your qualification or field of study
Does the OAA that is reduced to malate in step 1 come from the OAA "produced" during gluconeogenesis (in gluconeogenesis OAA is converted to malate in order to enter the cytoplasm)? And could you also say that the OAA that's formed from asparate in the cytoplasm also takes part in glucogenesis? These two shuttles are confusing me a bit...
The truth is that ATP rendement is 2,25 because we need 1 proton for the working of glutamate/aspartate carrier. So you have netto 9 protons and not 10 !! This is important. So 9 protons gives us 2,25 ATP in this shuttle...
sir , i was wondering how did the NADH get into the intermembrane space if the its unable to pass through either outer and inner mitochondrial membranes ?
I believe it's not the complete molecule that passes through the membrane, it's more about the one proton that contains 2 electrons that is attached to malate and malate carries that proton into the matrix where NAD+ can be reduced back into NADH. I had this same question to, but I could be wrong.
I have query that jn point 1 written NADH produced in Glycolysis is used to reduce OAA into Malate but Glycolysis occur in cytoplasm and NADH transfer via Glycerol phosphate shuttle and conversion of OAA into Malate occur in mitochondria so how it's possible
Cytosolic reduction of oxaloacetate (OAA) to malate is almost identical to the corresponding reaction taking place in the TCA cycle within the mitochondrial matrix ! The obvious difference between them is utilizing a " CYTOSOLIC " NADH + H in case of the cytosolic reaction ; while utilizing a " MITOCHONDRIAL " NADH + H in case of the mitochondrial reaction of the Kreb's cycle . Glycerol phosphate shuttle is another " cytosolic / mitochondrial NADH + H shuttle " as malate - aspartate shuttle is . Glycerol phosphate shuttle does NOT supersede malate - aspartate shuttle by any means .
Fantastic lecture! It helps so much when you always recap key concepts, and constantly remind your viewers why something occurs. It helps the theory stick better. Your lectures flow amazingly well. Thanks Andrey!
Sophia Dean Hey again! glad my style of teaching is working for you :) are you taking biochem?
Yes, I'm doing biochem as one of our papers for Physiology, and all of the content I need to revise is all on your channel. Yaay!! :-) I'm sure other medical students will greatly appreciate all your lectures. Sadly, lecturers at our University are very monotonous when teaching which puts us all to sleep, so having your lectures which are all under 20 minutes, straight to the point and recapped all in one is just fantastic. Don't get me wrong, our lecturers are superbly knowledgable, however sometimes that's not all you need to be able to teach. You have a gift and are able to actually teach the content in a way that students need. I honestly wish you nothing but the best for your channel- it's greatly appreciated by myself and my fellow peers! :-)
I totally agree Sophia .Biochemistry lectures are so boring at times.
Believe there might be an error around 11:00 I think complex IV transports 2 H+ across the inner membrane, while Complex III transports 4 H+ across
Dave Kahat Complex IV transports 4 H+. It transports 1H+ per every electron. Since Cyt c donated 4 total electrons, we get 4 protons pumped
Ray Ojel, Complex III pumps 4H+, complex IV pumps 2H+
@@zsusanner youre right, thanks
yes u are right....complex 3 pumps 4 H+ ions...via two Q cycle reaction.....complex 4 on the other hand pumps in 2 H+
@@simrannisha8793 did he thought it pumped 4 H+ because during his explanation, 2 H2Os were produced and the usual explanation is that 1 H2O is produced in complex 4, therefore 2 H+ per H2O
GOD BLESS YOU BROTHER
I JUST STOPPED THE VIDEO TO THANKYOU FOR THE AMOUNT OF EFFORT YOU MAKE TO THINGS LOOK EASIER.
THANKS ONCE AGAIN
Thanks for this! Your diagrams are super clear to follow! I don't mean to be that person, but I think you flipped the net number of H+ passed through the membrane between Complex III and Complex IV.
I never understand when I watching the VDO of others but you can explain to make me clear in all step. Thank you so much from Thailand.
By far the most helpful video on shuttle systems. Great work!
I understood everything from A to Z without having to rewatch the video. Love this lecture! thank you
He just made this process simple and very easy to learn. This guy is the goat
I came onto here to get a quick answer for a homework problem but was reeled in and watched the whole thing (even though it's 11:01PM and the assignment is due at midnight). Absolutely captivating!
Thank you for posting your lectures! Your wording is much more easy to understand.
wow this is amazing! both the concept and your teaching! I like how you are very organized with your lecture and you always recap key concepts, your teaching style helps so much for slow students like me :) you deserve millions of subscribers sir! thank you so much, glad I found you on youtube!
I am currently studying for the MCAT Dr. Andrey Kopot, and your lectures are so helpful!! Thank you so much! (I just checked out your channel, and I just realized that you are a physician!) I am looking forward to using your medical lectures on your website as a medical student.
All video lectures are simply modified.rather than studying complex book with complex languages Ur lectures and notes are very helpful.
We need more professors like you
Hay sir.UA just amazing...I even made UA channel popular in my area .my whole class room is now watching UA easily understandable videos.thanku a lot
Omg makes so much more sense now. I'm in pharmacy school and this biochem professor can't explain it properly. Thank you! Also, I LOL'd at 3:45 when your voice cracks bahaha, but you're great!
me tooo thought i was the only silly one here ;)
Great video!! One slight correction - not the one others have mentioned - right at the beginning of the lecture at 0:54 ... the two sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane is the matrix side and the INTERMEMBRANE SPACE, not the cytoplasmic side. The outer membrane is the membrane that separates the cytoplasmic side from the intermembrane space.
When I first watched your videos I found it very hard to take in but months later after studying Im now on the same page ,excellent.
All of your lectures are awesome! I understand concepts so much better after watching them. Thanks so much!
short of words on how to thank you for such a good and thorough explanation simply brilliant
Super duper helpful! A+
FUNNY THAT IT WASN'T TILL I PLAYED THE VIDEO AT 2X SPEED THAT I REALIZED THIS GUYS EXTRA STRONG NEW YORK ACCENT 😂
you're such a good teacher
your lectures have made me pass my CAT exams thanks
OMG .... you should keep doing this... like i owe you my life RN !!!!
Right before exam...this is amazing! Thanks.
U are a blessing for bio chem students 🫡
My notes previous notes from biochemistry made it seem like this one pathway was two completely different pathways independent from each other, thank you so much!!!
Incredibly helpful, so much clearer now!
This man is the GOAT!!
CORRECTION for 10 min 30 sec mark: H+ transported across the inner mito. membrane is "442" through complexes I, III, and IV respectively (not 424 as written)
Otherwise, fantastic lecture thanks!
Perspicuously explained....
Hello, First I would really like to thank you, its very understandable and your way of explanation is amazing!!! But I can't get why complex ||| transport 2H+ while its actually transport 4H+ , I think its complex |V which give 2H+ per molecule of water..
I thought complex III does a net transport of 2H+ and complex IV net transport of 4H+..?
Awesome ! but 3.43 "in step three, uhm".. i loled
youre amazing! currently studying for my mcat and you clarified so much!
YOU ARE THE BEST! WISH you were my prof! Because of you I have an A in biochem so far! Final is in two days!
you’re way better than my biochem prof who just reads off the slides
thank you for making me love and truly understand Biochemistry
Amazing, you gained a subscription after this amazing video
God bless this man.
omg! it's easier understand than self study
THANK YOU!
Excellent discussion
Amazing lecture!
Amazing!
Are you sure that complex III pumps 2 protons into the intermembrane space? My MCAT study materials say that complex III pumps 4 protons and Complex IV pumps 2.
I was going to point out the same thing! complex III does pump out 4 and Complex IV does pump out 2.
Thank you this actually helps alot
Thank you so much, this really helped me!!
I really got very good ideas from your explanation...so thank you
Do you have a photo of your notes to print out? It would be of great help! Thanks for the tutorial.
Although Complex 3 transport 4 H+ per Q cycle, only one cycle can be completed by one Ubiquinol, from one NADH, by one cycle of Malate-Aspartate shuttle. So, two shuttle cycles are required to complete the entire Q cycle, which would yield 20 H+
i love ur videos. Do continue ur tempo
i love this man.
Which a fantastic video ,I really like it alot . Keep work to the best
Thank you so much!! This really helps me a lot
mindblowing....thank you!!
thank you so much sir😇🤗i don't know without u where i would have been.
Great lecture, as always.
I do have one question. If someone can answer this for me I would be eternally grateful:
If one of the purposes of this shuttle is to regenerate the NAD+ for glycolysis, why are we taking that NAD+ to the mitochondria to be converted to NADH? Is all of the NAD+ reduced to NADH again or will we have some left for glycolysis?
Zara Shahabi we need NADH for the electron transport chain.
thanks soooo much! Your videos helped me tremendously!
Thanks from Russia
You helped me ^^
Thank you! Thank you! Thank you!
outstanding video, thank you!
That's really osm man🔥🔥🔥
Thanks a million. You're the best!
thnk u .....love all ure lectures helped me aloooooooooooooooooooooooooot in Biochem
these lectures are getting my through college haah thanks
Thank you for this great lecture!!!
However, there is a bit that I would like to clarify. At the end, you wrote that complex III produces 2H+ into the intermembrane space. Surely, it produces 4H+? Because 2 is produces via cycle 1 and the other 2 is produced in cycle 2. Please help me clarify in case I misunderstood anything!
Ooo c manifique ...merci bcp et bon continuation ...
Our doctor got mad at us and left us alone in class today XD
TBH we deserved it XD
You saved my life dude thanks!!!
I think complex 1 and 3 produce 4prton and complex 4 produce 2 proton
It was awesome
. 👍👍
Very very good and helpful! thank you.
Thank you sir. Without this channel, Biochemistry would have been... well... a nightmare. :D
Very well done. I get it now. Thanks.
Wow! This is amazing thank you!!!!
wow........lm speechless !!! bravo !!!!!
Thank you! I don't know why this is so hard to understand! I get it now.......
Keep on the good work bal! 👍👍
I really thank you so much , you always help me and in my house... I study medicine in Egypt.
I would like to know your qualification or field of study
Does the OAA that is reduced to malate in step 1 come from the OAA "produced" during gluconeogenesis (in gluconeogenesis OAA is converted to malate in order to enter the cytoplasm)? And could you also say that the OAA that's formed from asparate in the cytoplasm also takes part in glucogenesis? These two shuttles are confusing me a bit...
Thanks a bunch😘😘😘
Awesome explanation thank u so much
credit u for helping me pass bioc
I have a question, why Complex I pump 4 H+ ions, Complex III - 2 H+ and Complex IV - 4 H+ into inter membrane space?
Thank you so much. It really helped me :)
This is gold
The magician !!
question: what's the reason for skeletal muscles using G3P shuttle while cardiac muscle and hepatocytes using malate shuttle? Thanks!!
.
Thank you for this lecture! I'm from Russia, but I understand you better, than by book.
Thank you sir! 🙏🏻
great guy
amazing
The truth is that ATP rendement is 2,25 because we need 1 proton for the working of glutamate/aspartate carrier. So you have netto 9 protons and not 10 !! This is important. So 9 protons gives us 2,25 ATP in this shuttle...
awesome lectur
Thank you so much
nice video!!
Thank you so much!!
Beautiful
thank you so much!
sir , i was wondering how did the NADH get into the intermembrane space if the its unable to pass through either outer and inner mitochondrial membranes ?
I believe it's not the complete molecule that passes through the membrane, it's more about the one proton that contains 2 electrons that is attached to malate and malate carries that proton into the matrix where NAD+ can be reduced back into NADH. I had this same question to, but I could be wrong.
Thank yooooou❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️
I have query that jn point 1 written NADH produced in Glycolysis is used to reduce OAA into Malate but Glycolysis occur in cytoplasm and NADH transfer via Glycerol phosphate shuttle and conversion of OAA into Malate occur in mitochondria so how it's possible
Cytosolic reduction of oxaloacetate (OAA) to malate is almost identical to the corresponding reaction taking place in the TCA cycle within the mitochondrial matrix ! The obvious difference between them is utilizing a " CYTOSOLIC " NADH + H in case of the cytosolic reaction ; while utilizing a " MITOCHONDRIAL " NADH + H in case of the mitochondrial reaction of the Kreb's cycle .
Glycerol phosphate shuttle is another " cytosolic / mitochondrial NADH + H shuttle " as malate - aspartate shuttle is . Glycerol phosphate shuttle does NOT supersede malate - aspartate shuttle by any means .