I can’t describe to you how much I appreciate you doing this because I finally have a good understanding of how the metabolic pathways work with each other as a whole. This zoomed out view of understanding the big picture would’ve helped me so much earlier on, but now I’m just glad I was able to run into it. Thank you, you killed it!
This map is perfect! I drew out a metabolic map with how all the pathways interact, but the way you broke it down by which organelle/location its taking place in is really helping hammer this home. Thank you so much I liked and subscribed :)
I love your videos so much! The way that you connect important concepts really helps me and I think you have the best MCAT content videos out there. After I started watching your videos I have gone up several points and I can't thank you enough!!!
Also this video has been a lifesaver for the MCAT, thank you! There are so many resources to help learn the specifics but its so hard to visualize the bigger picture!
So glad it was helpful!! Your question is a great clarifying point on GNG - it got just a brief mention in the video, but the first step of GNG is actually quite complex. Let me try and provide the specific details below! Basically, in the mitochondria, mitochondrial pyruvate will be converted to OAA, which will then be converted to malate so it can be transported into the cytoplasm via the malate shuttle, before being converted back into OAA. Then OAA actually is converted to PEP. So to answer your question, pyruvate is converted to OAA! But most textbooks, including the textbook referenced by the AAMC materials, simply says "The first step in gluconeogenesis is the conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) through several intermediate steps", which I took to mean that we do not need to worry overmuch about the oxaloacetate piece for MCAT questions, and instead just consider it an intermediate, while pyruvate is the true "reactant". There's even more nuance to this - there are several textbooks that describe alternative starting pathways - but I would consider all of it to be out of scope for the MCAT! Hope this helps!
Great question. Intermediates are less frequently tested, but it is good to know the entirety of the aerobic pathway (glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain)! I recommend memorizing this in your last few weeks before test day.
do you have a direct link to a video of yours (or others) that goes thru hormonal control of these metabolic pathways, like you mentioned at the end of this video? thanks
I am working on a series of endocrine videos including a connection to metabolism! In the meantime, here's the video I like as a reference - a note of caution: this goes WAY more in depth than the MCAT will, but does include hormonal control of key steps! ruclips.net/video/sBYrp3zssWE/видео.htmlfeature=shared
I'm glad it helped you! And yes, each glucose makes 2 NADH through glycolysis. Then the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex produces 1 NADH per pyruvate (glucose produces 2 pyruvate molecules in glycolysis). On MCAT questions, you want to check the question stem to see whether they are asking you about glycolysis (2 NADH), or glycolysis AND the PDC (which would be 4 total NADH)!
@brandensorrentino4327 SN1 vs SN2 is complicated! I cover it a little bit in a video I'll be posting in the next few weeks, but it may be worth an entire video on its own.
Great clarification, the additional * was meant for glycogen metabolism, which can occur in the muscles as well as certain cells of the kidney (GNG can also happen to a lesser extent in certain kidney cells!). However, for the MCAT, the primary organ for these pathways is definitely the liver.
This is a good starting video. I feel its missing a ton of important information like rate limiting enzymes, ETC complexes names, glycolysis irreversible steps, and other general regulators for each enzyme.
You are absolutely correct - there is a lot more to metabolism, and it would be too much to cover in a YT video! I intentionally made this as a big picture overview of how the 13 pathways connect to each other. I have found it is most effective for my students to go broad first, then after several repetitions, start to go more and more specific with the content, so they can use their broad understanding to put the "pieces" together! I'm working on creating the 'next level' of metabolism content for later videos - but you can check out my steps for learning metabolism in this one here: ruclips.net/video/z8ROFWEMr0w/видео.html
I can’t describe to you how much I appreciate you doing this because I finally have a good understanding of how the metabolic pathways work with each other as a whole. This zoomed out view of understanding the big picture would’ve helped me so much earlier on, but now I’m just glad I was able to run into it. Thank you, you killed it!
I'm so glad this helped you, and thank you so much for the compliment. This is one of my favorite lessons!
Honestly, this is one of the greatest biochem videos I've ever watched, material broken down so well and easy to interpret!
Thank you so much! I'm so glad you liked it!
I love this video! You really break it down and help understand the material.
I'm so glad you found it helpful to understand!
I take the MCAT tomorrow and this was so helpful as some last minute review, thank you!!
I'm glad it was helpful! Good luck tomorrow (today?) and let me know how it goes!
Same lol
how did you do?
How was the mcat?
Well done! this is the best video I've seen summing up all the metabolic pathways. Thank you so much for making this digestible!
You're so welcome! I'm glad you found it valuable!
This map is perfect! I drew out a metabolic map with how all the pathways interact, but the way you broke it down by which organelle/location its taking place in is really helping hammer this home. Thank you so much I liked and subscribed :)
You're welcome! I'm so happy to hear that the map was useful in your studies!
I love your videos so much! The way that you connect important concepts really helps me and I think you have the best MCAT content videos out there. After I started watching your videos I have gone up several points and I can't thank you enough!!!
It means so much to hear that - thank you! I'm so glad they're helping!
this remarkable video is perfect for reviewing, thanks a lot!!😍
You're welcome! So glad it was helpful for you!
Brem, keep up your good work. Your video on enzymes paid big time if you know what I mean.
I'm glad it was useful!
8:34 is oxaloacetate converted to pyruvate, or is it the other way around?
Also this video has been a lifesaver for the MCAT, thank you! There are so many resources to help learn the specifics but its so hard to visualize the bigger picture!
So glad it was helpful!! Your question is a great clarifying point on GNG - it got just a brief mention in the video, but the first step of GNG is actually quite complex. Let me try and provide the specific details below!
Basically, in the mitochondria, mitochondrial pyruvate will be converted to OAA, which will then be converted to malate so it can be transported into the cytoplasm via the malate shuttle, before being converted back into OAA. Then OAA actually is converted to PEP.
So to answer your question, pyruvate is converted to OAA! But most textbooks, including the textbook referenced by the AAMC materials, simply says "The first step in gluconeogenesis is the conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) through several intermediate steps", which I took to mean that we do not need to worry overmuch about the oxaloacetate piece for MCAT questions, and instead just consider it an intermediate, while pyruvate is the true "reactant".
There's even more nuance to this - there are several textbooks that describe alternative starting pathways - but I would consider all of it to be out of scope for the MCAT!
Hope this helps!
do i need to know all the intermediate names on the mcat or just what is covered in this video?
Great question. Intermediates are less frequently tested, but it is good to know the entirety of the aerobic pathway (glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain)!
I recommend memorizing this in your last few weeks before test day.
I am gonna give medical licence exam and this quick review was very helpful thank U so much
You're welcome! So glad it was helpful
My hero. Thank you!!!
You're welcome! So glad you liked it!
Thanks! I write tomorrow, so im just doing some last minute review, and this was suuuuper helpful
Good luck!!!! Let us know how it goes!
This is really helpful. I struggle with physics a lot. Can you cover some topics that are on MCAT for physics please? 🙏🏼
So glad you found this helpful! We're working on some physics videos right now!
This video is a gem ❤️ thank you so much!!!
You're welcome! So glad you found it useful
do you have a direct link to a video of yours (or others) that goes thru hormonal control of these metabolic pathways, like you mentioned at the end of this video? thanks
I am working on a series of endocrine videos including a connection to metabolism! In the meantime, here's the video I like as a reference - a note of caution: this goes WAY more in depth than the MCAT will, but does include hormonal control of key steps! ruclips.net/video/sBYrp3zssWE/видео.htmlfeature=shared
Thank you so much 🙏
You're welcome!
Wow, you are so good!
Thank you!!
Great video! Thank you :)
You're welcome! Glad you found it useful
great freaking video
so glad you found it useful!
you are perfect.
Thank you :)
Thanks you so so very much for such informative video! Also I wanted to double check, would Glycolysis make 2 NADH?
I'm glad it helped you! And yes, each glucose makes 2 NADH through glycolysis. Then the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex produces 1 NADH per pyruvate (glucose produces 2 pyruvate molecules in glycolysis). On MCAT questions, you want to check the question stem to see whether they are asking you about glycolysis (2 NADH), or glycolysis AND the PDC (which would be 4 total NADH)!
@@bremmethod Omg thank you so much for the clarification, really appreciate you!😊
will there be more free videos available?
I'm going to keep making videos here on RUclips, if that's what you mean!
Awesome video. Could you please do some lessons on organic chemistry and physics? Thank you.
We have some planned! Are there any in particular that you'd like to see?
@@bremmethodEspecially for organic chemistry - identifying strong/weak acids, strong/weak bases, nucleophiles, electrophiles.
@@adventurevloggeradnanahmedusaalso can you add when to use SN1 vs SN2 or E1 vs E2 when u cover good bases/nucleophiles
@brandensorrentino4327 SN1 vs SN2 is complicated! I cover it a little bit in a video I'll be posting in the next few weeks, but it may be worth an entire video on its own.
You were right the first time, GNG does not occur in the muscles.
Great clarification, the additional * was meant for glycogen metabolism, which can occur in the muscles as well as certain cells of the kidney (GNG can also happen to a lesser extent in certain kidney cells!). However, for the MCAT, the primary organ for these pathways is definitely the liver.
This is a good starting video. I feel its missing a ton of important information like rate limiting enzymes, ETC complexes names, glycolysis irreversible steps, and other general regulators for each enzyme.
You are absolutely correct - there is a lot more to metabolism, and it would be too much to cover in a YT video! I intentionally made this as a big picture overview of how the 13 pathways connect to each other. I have found it is most effective for my students to go broad first, then after several repetitions, start to go more and more specific with the content, so they can use their broad understanding to put the "pieces" together! I'm working on creating the 'next level' of metabolism content for later videos - but you can check out my steps for learning metabolism in this one here: ruclips.net/video/z8ROFWEMr0w/видео.html
goated
thank you!