Metabolism | Pentose Phosphate Pathway
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- Опубликовано: 30 сен 2024
- Official Ninja Nerd Website: ninjanerd.org
Ninja Nerds!
In this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will present on the pentose phosphate pathway. We discuss how glucose can use an alternative pathway to make NADPH's, which are essential in antioxidant reactions, cholesterol synthesis, and fatty acid synthesis. It's also important in the synthesis of nucleotides. We hope you enjoy this lecture and be sure to support us below!
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#ninjanerd #PentosePhosphatePathway #Metabolism
YESSSS IM SO HAPPY I FOUND THE VIDEO EVEN BEFORE I START THE VIDEO!!
I got a 98 on my biochem exam because of this vid; keep doing what you're doing bro!
Tomorrow I will have mine
@@serva8334 good luck!
I concur
congrats! I hope I can do it.
@@biasedjedi4353 l
One week of classes vs a 30' video, then they ask me why i dont listen to the teacher
Excellent video Ninja Nerd!
These is such a good vid thank you for it pro 😍
this is exelent video like any other of yours. Maybe just one thing u should do- u sholud write formulas just bcose we can remember it better bcose on exams they whant from us to write it down .btw thanks u a lot. best whishes from Serbia :D
Brilliant 👏 👏
Sir your teaching method is marvelous.. by the way where are you from?
Which biochemistry book do you recommend?
All your videos are awesome!
Thank you
helpful interesting thank you a lot
It is sad that I got more out of this video than in 3 lectures from my university professor. Some people really should not teach, thank you for being someone who is reliably good at teaching.
your med school split the pentose phosphate pathway into 3 lectures
my med school put it in as a single slide in a different lecture
same here
L
It was barely mentioned at our medschool university (just randomly inbetween something else) and then it popped up multiple times on the exam where we were just supposed to memorize a random enzyme at a certain step etc. It is fair to say that the majority is up for credit test as the first midterm was just as bad. I wish they tested us in understanding rather than pointless memorization.
Marry me, please
Until I finish college 😂😂😂
Kosome kembo iwe ala, insala. Obvious uli wapa Apex iwe😏😏😏
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😂😂boss cilishani muliba pesa imwe
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im sure after few years ninja nerd science is going to be one of the most effective medical videos on RUclips, the way you explain things we cant forget.
May god bless you.. Never stop making videos.. Really love ur channel.. U saved my life 😭😭
Don’t skip ads, or don’t skip the commercials, it’s they way also of earning money. At least we help them earn by not skipping the commercials, so they can make more videos in the future😍
A little note to take at 17:17 very important correction...
it's unfortunate we can not draw diagrams in the comment section but I hope this piece helps out .. 😆😂😂
Ribulose 5-phosphate is first epimerized to xylulose 5-phosphate. Transketolase catalyzes the transfer of a two-carbon fragment from a ketose donor to an aldose acceptor .In its first appearance in the pentose phosphate pathway, transketolase transfers C-1 and C-2 of xylulose 5-phosphate to ribose 5-phosphate, forming the seven-carbon product sedoheptulose 7-phosphate . The remaining three-carbon fragment from xylulose is glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
Ninger Ned, you got to pin this comment.
📍📍📍
I had the same doubt
أنا كنت لسي هكتب دا برضو ميرسي لكومنت حضرتك
Thankkk uuuuuu
Can you explain same for trans aldolase
I am a Biochemistry student from Nigeria and I have benefitted stupendously from your videos. I can't for the life of me fathom how you developed these teaching skills. Thanks so much. Please do more.
who would choose biochem as a major :"))))))
@@bensmainebensmaine7635Mind yo business.
people who have mental issues like us@@bensmainebensmaine7635
😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊@@bensmainebensmaine7635
I never comment on videos on RUclips but I have to just to say this guy is amazing. I was ready to quit my course after my metabolism lecture as it made me want to cry. I left my lecture halfway through and then the following day I found these videos, and not only did I understand it all, I actually really enjoyed it. Thank you so much!!!!
the same thing 💕
Love your videos, very informative! Theres a slight error i feel you made though; its the xylulose -5-phosphate that donates the two carbons NOT the ribose-5-phosphate. The xylulose-5-phosphate is the donor ketose and the ribose-5-phosphate is the acceptor aldose which becomes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
+Shiru Nugi yes you are correct sorry for that mistake!
i have also confusion plzz..correct it ...show me some diagramtic view of this
Also product formed is sedoheptulose, not seduloheptose
That's true
Thanks for accepting your mistake💙💙💙💙
@@ysmusujit 7Psedoheptulose to be precise
Two things I learnt from this video.
1. PPP is no rocket science.
2. Zach really does like his pink marker lol.
I've an exam tomorrow and I dunno how I'm storing all this in my brain 😭
U good now bro ?
Love your videos! Just a tiny correction: Xylulose-5-Phosphate becomes GA3P and Ribose-5-Phosphate becomes Seduheptulose-7-Phosphate in the reaction catalysed by Transketolase.
Finally..i was looking if anyone wrote this comment😄
Exactly thanks for noting this
Anyone listening to this remember xylulose 5 phosphate is the one giving 2 carbons to ribose 5 phosphate to form sedoheptulose 7 phosphate leaving it as glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate 😊✌
I remember my book in Medicine called "HARPER'S BIOCHEMISTRY". LOVE YOUR SHIRT!
Hey teacher, why this pathway use NADP+ but not NAD+?
no one reply to you but yeah
logically in this alternative glucose pathway literally involve transfer of phosphate due to ADP to ATP
thus nad+ combined with phosphate become nadp+, same thing but only include phosphate onto it
24:52 is where he explains the point of this pathway.
Basically, there are two phases:
(a) Oxidative Phase that can generate NADPH and Ribose-5-P.
(b) Non-Oxidative Phase that makes Ribose-5-P without NADPH using glycolytic intermediates, and in reverse it can make glycolytic intermediates from Ribose-5-P.
Note: Glyceraldehyde-3-P (GA3) in steps (5) & (7) can be funnelled into glycolysis or gluconeogenesis.
I missed 2 weeks of lecture due to illness and this video cleared everything up!! So wonderfully organized!! Thanks to everyone in the comments making the small corrections too. You are all saving my grade
In my biochemistry book the reactions are kinda different;
After ribulose-5-P becomes Xilulose-5-P + Ribose-5-P then i have these reactions:
>Xilulose-5-P reacts with the transketolase enzyme and TPP as a kofactor and gives -> glyceraldehyde-3-P + Glycoaldehyde radical.
>Then Ribose-5-P reacts with the glyceraldehyde radical and gives-> sedoheptulose-7-P
>Sedoheptulose-7-P reacts with the glyceraldehyde-3-P [transaldose enzyme] and gives-> eritroso-4-P + fructose-6-P.
I don’t know why though...
If I get high mark from biochemistry tomorrow, it will be with your help. Thank you for understandable videos!
did you get that high mark?
Gunel Aslanova did you get
@@rayaneb5186 he died
Gunel Aslanova Rest In Peace.
LOL
Bro, u saved 4 laks coz I passed my exams by watching your neuro anatomy vedio, I think am gonna pass in bio Chemistry also
Saved 4 laks? Mbbs fees?
@@vedber6670 s
Great stuff!
I am going thru ur biochem videos just for fun. I remember, as a student long ago, loving the maze of the various metabolic pathways. For each pathway, there three points that must be made and emphasized.
1. The key, rate-limiting enzymes/reactions.
2. The main purpose or role of the pathway. What primary purpose does it serve?
3. The net energy balance (yield or cost)
You described the pathway and what it is good for beautifully.
In the first transketolase reaction, G3P is formed from Xylulose not Ribose. And sedoheptulose from ribose.
Not that significant tho.. It is more important to corect that "xyulose" an aldehide, to "xylulose" a ketone.
hey Sir... a lots of love from Pakistan😍😍 you r just doing an amazing work... thanks alot for our help in studies😍😍 stay blessed😇
May god bless you.. Never stop making videos.. Really love ur channel.. U saved my life 😭😭
Just wanted to tell you that the first time I tried to study biochimestrey for my exam I got 56..than I discovered your videos, study with them, took the exam again and got 100!!!!thank you so so much!youre a m a z i n g ! I still hate biochimestrey though lol...😋
😂😂😂
Craming biochemistry in less than 48 hours and it is getting nice I wish I can get a good mark 😢
This guy is so f*****g awesome. Besides, his accent is really cool..
this is amazing! This gave me a clear understanding of this pathway. God bless!
+Shibani Thyaga rajan So happy the ninja nerd team could help you!
@@NinjaNerdOfficial in italiano
There’s no words can describe how much I’m grateful for you and your team ❤
I could kiss this guy rn😭♥️🔥 he's really good in these stuff
Ninja I owe you all of my education please keep going on
Awesome explanation, but 1 question
If we can utilize glucose 6 phosphate to make GA3P and Fructose 6 phosphate with formation of NADPH ( energy yielding compund ) then why don’t body dominately uses this method inspite of directly forming fructose 6 phosphate from glicose 6 phosphate
It is actually used quite a lot in muscles. Because of the glycogenolysis glucose-1-P is formed which is converted into glucose-6-P by phosphoglucomutase (an isomerase). glucose-1(or 6)-P has an advantage over normal glucose because glucose-6-P (and also glucose-1-P) can't diffuse through the GLUT transporters. BUT in the liver it is necessary for glucose to diffuse into the bloodstream so there is an enzyme called Glucose-6-phosphatase which converts glucose-6-P into glucose. When this normal glucose molecule leaves the bloodstream (to enter muscle cells or brain cells) converting it back into glucose-6-P before going through the rest of glycolysis is necessary and leaves us with "less" energy than normal. Also, when glycogen is broken down, the branch points are hydrolysed so they don't form glucose-1-P but just glucose, this causes glycogen to be broken down into glucose1-P (90%) AND glucose (10%)
You cannot imagine how much grateful I am for finding your channel! You did a great job here!
Me too !
U rock nerd scientist, Ur videos are wow, please can u also do a video on uronic acid pathway and alot others.
GUYS, IT'S SEDOHEPTULOSE-7-PHOSPHATE, NOT SEDULO I GOT IT WRONG IN MY EXAM HAHAHAHAHA I THINK IT WAS AN HONEST MISTAKE OF HIS BUT YEAH FOR THOSE WHO ARE WATCHING THIS IN 2024 APRIL
Having G6PD deficiency I am fascinated by your complete breakdown of what would happen in my body without the deficiency vs what is happening. Awesome video!
Also, I get like...shamwow vibes or something from this...."then you get this, what can happen what does this give you!?" (feel like I'm gonna win the prize), but I think that's why you kept my attention so well-played sir!
it should be XYLULOSE 5 P not Xylose 5 p. You also mislabelled ribulose 5 p as ribose 5 p at one point
Love your channel... When ever i have any queries related biochem i certainly look forward to your videos😃
thank you sooooooo much!!!!!!!!! it is really very helpful. God bless you>
+haider ali Absolutely in so glad you enjoyed and I am so happy it helped. Thank you so much for the nice comment
Any one from international university of Africa _ Sudan 😉
You and AK lectures are spectacular!
Will do my best to support you bud, keep up the great work.
Thank you so much for this! I used it to supplement my online lectures. I do have a question,, isn't step 4 also a non-oxidative reversible reaction?
yes. part siya ng non-oxidative reviserible rxn. baka nagkamali lang siya sa pagkakasabi
thank you for a great and easy understandable lecture, but according to the correction made by someone that is the xylose 5 phosphate that will donate 2c instead of ribose 5 phosphate as stated by you, so it means that from here the xylose 5 phosphate will form the GD3P while ribose 5 phospate will form seduheptulose?
Transketolase transfers 2 carbons of xylulose 5-phosphate to ribose 5-phosphate, which then form the sedoheptulose 7-phosphate and G3P is made from the remaining part of xylulose
Great sir. Very helpful video.. thanks
Supercalifragaliatic ❤❤❤💯💯 Thanks so much
Now I started to believe why ninjas are helpful to us , you are our ninja Hattori 😍...
I am studying in first year in a medica school in Romania and these videos are really helping me to understand biochemistry:)) I am very grateful to the author of the videos
Thank you for these videos, I still don't remember everything but, with these vids I start seeing some connections between the pathways that feel like maybe I understand
Thank you so much sir.your vedios are really very helpfull.The way you explain things is simply amazing ....once again thank you.😊
Saving my life also,God bless you, Merry Christmas ninja bro
Thank you.. god bless you for adding this series on RUclips.
Great video! Your explanation of Diastereomers is wrong. Diastereomer is an umbrella term meaning differing in chirality at one OR more chiral centers. period. Nothing more. An epimer is a type diastereomer. Epimer- Same chemical formula but the structure differs at one chiral center. So an Epimer of Carbons 3-4-5 with stereochemistries of R-S-S could be -> S*-S-S or R-R*-S
+Brianna McCullough thank you for pointing that out! Sorry about that!
Ayy wat up biochem fam?
Love the text on the back of your shirt! You really are my Harper hero! 😂
For those who can’t relate, our reference for Biochemistry is a book by Harper and it’s just so hard to understand the concept just by reading the book alone. I just recently discovered your channel so now I’ll be here after every chapter in Harper. Thanks you your informative videos! Love from the Philippines 🇵🇭💕💕💕
True harper really difficult to understand rather than lippincott
But he is the best teacher
Waah ninja beta waah
Kamal kr Diya tune .tum jio hazaro saal
Perfect lecture😊👏🏿. is it possible to do the presentation with structural changes occurring to these biomolecules?
You do a great job! Thank you for the clarity. I'm a very visual learner and would appreciate at the end of your videos, if you could step away so the audience can see the entire board. Thank you again!
Members of the ninjanerd.org website get full access to pre and post-lecture whiteboard resources, as well as the lecture notes! - TG
best videos! u first saved me with your anatomy videos, now with biochemistry videos!!! thank you from the bottom of my heart!
If biochemistry was a person it would have been you cause you really make biochem look easy😮 thank you so much prof
You deserve to have millions of views! YOU ARE THE BEST! KEEP UP THE GOOD WORK! Thank you very much. I wish my professors were like you...
Thank you so much! Helped alot bb
Thank you
I am a Physician who diagnosed couple of patients with trasaldolase deficiency that was named after my name “Eyaid syndrome” . Your great video is the best one to explain the PPP
Wish u the best
Dr. Wafaa Eyaid
does giving nac (n acetyl cysteine)help patients with transaldolase def?
AMAAZING EXPLANATION!! thankyou so much for making biochemistry so interesting!!!
Huge fan of nerd ninja❤️❤️
Multitalented... Such a Great explanations @Ninja 💯 Learned it. Tqsm My RUclips Professor😍
your videos are exactly a masterpiece!!! the intonation is perfect and it's your art that you make the audience to company you through the lesson keep going please!
great great great. Med school would be much harder without u
How does he manage to cap each marker every time he uses the next one
And he does that after every single word 😆😆😆
Thank you. This video help me a lot .
I love you, I really do. Thanks for helping me get through biochem, greetings from México :)
Just a busy day of being a Ninjanerd🌟
Your lectures are truly life-saving !!
Thank you very much!!!! ❤️❤️ this is what I need to for a long time
You are a very fabulous teacher.
But I have a doubt, in Lippincott, there was xylulose instead of xyulose and seduheptulose instead of seduheptose. Please clear this point.
Have a great day ahead sir 😊 your lectures are very helpful
Amazing job. Thankyou so much for being so dedicated. You really made it easy. May Allah bless you.
Check out the Transaldolase reaction GA3P is reacting with Sedoheptulose-7-phosphate to give Erythrose-4-phosphate and Sedoheptulose-7-phosphate losses 1 carbon to give fructose-6-phospgate thanks
Sir, it is not possible for ONE 5 Carbon Ribulose-5-P to give TWO 5 carbon Ribose5P & Xylulose5P. 1 molecule of Ribulose5P can give 1 molecule of either Ribose5P or Xylulose5P depending upon the enzyme. So how in Non oxidative phase 2 molecules of 5 C compounds or say total of 10 Carbons are involved in interchange of carbons or interconversion of sugars. This means 2 molecules of sugars are involved in oxidative phase. Please clear my doubt!!!
Kudos to Professor Zach for consistently delivering top-notch educational content! The clear explanations and engaging presentation make learning complex topics a breeze. Keep up the fantastic work!
This is some serious great job man. Much respect and a big thank you for this help seriously 👍👌
15:05 so enantiomers = the exact inversion of chiral centers on a molecule. Diasteromers = a molecule with >1 chiral centers and are not mirror images. Epimers (a subset of diastereomers) = all chiral centers are the same except one. I think he combined the two to make a molecule that is exactly inverse EXCEPT at one carbon (there's probably a term for that but I can't find it). So if we have a molecule RSS, its epimers would be SSS, RRS, and RSR where we have changed just one chiral center. I think he just misspoke or I could have misunderstood, but this is how I remember it from O chem
you turned my head into an active volcano with my brain exploding liquid hot magma out the top
Your explanation makes stuffs crystal clear. Just correct the spelling of 'Xylulose-5-phosphate'. You misspelled it. Nothing else.
kya pdhata hai bahi tu gazab bro ❣️
You make biochemistry easy
amazing video sir .
🙌🙌👏
Saved my life and thousands of dollars of my tuition. Thank you prof!!
i thought the epimer is RSS => SSS not from mirror image then change one C it was simply a C change the turn. 🧐 but still love ur vdo really helps a lot in whole pic on diff topics ! thanks for sharing!
Vedios are awesome. There is one suggestion; Zoom in Camera on the specific region of the white board you use so we can see closely with ease where are reactions going.
Btw These vedios helped me alot !!
Love your work !!!
You are really saving my biochemistry grade!!
mistake at 17:50.Xylulose gives G3P not Sedoheptulose . I have confirmed it from lippincot
So much clearer than uni
Question! Question!... at 20:32 doesn't it make more sense if the Transketolase transfers a carbon from sedoheptulose to ga3p which is an aldose to form erythrose which is also an aldose... leaving behind fructose which a ketose sugar?
There're so many things this sucker is used for. Love it sir❤❤❤