Making sulfuric acid (method 1)
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- Опубликовано: 20 июл 2021
- In this video we are making sulfuric acid by bubbling sulfuric acid.
I forgot adding the explanations while editing. Here you go:
S + O2 -------} SO2
SO2 + H2O ----------} H2SO3
H2SO3 + H2O2 ---------} H2SO4 + H2O
Overall reaction:
S + O2 + H2O2 ---------} H2SO4
This reaction cannot be carried out by simply dumping sulfur into hydrogen peroxide while bubbling oxygen trough it. The sulfur has to be converted to sulfur dioxide first followed by dissolving the resulting gas in hydrogen peroxide.
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I tried this when I was 12, with no real glassware, my apparatus was made of coffee cans and copper pipe soldered together, plastic tubing and bubbled through a little glass jar, a propane torch and that's it. My setup was very janky and collapsed and ended up with about a pound of burning sulphur flower in my unventilated basement!! Barely made it up the basement steps before my lungs closed up in what felt like a combination of the worst asthma attack ever and drowning.
Every bit of silver in the house became pitted and tarnished from the bluish cloud of gases rising from the basement. All my parents 25th anniversary stuff ruined. They had to evacuate for a week.
I'm surprised this story didn't end up in one of "that chemist"'s chempilations...
I got quartz tube now 😜
Yeah that totally happened
@@lucide1735 Yes it did, and if I told you all the details the only thing that might seem sus Would have been describing the blue gas & smoke.. I know sulfur dioxide is not blue, in retrospect what I think is that the blue color was the burning sulfur and I just couldn't tell with the tears in my eyes..
I later ended up getting concentrated sulfuric by just boiling down acid from car batteries while attempting to distill, it never got hot enough..
It was like the worst asthma attack ever as my lungs closed up and I will never forget it.
@@lucide1735 don't question near-death experiences, if you were there you would tell me I'm down playing the story and likely never trust me or forgive me if you lived.
Where H2O came from? In reaction SO2+H2O ----give H2SO3
@@ismahenemoudjit6656 it was in the little glass jelly jar I was bubbling the gas through.. I think it was IV tubing that I had coming out of the jelly jar on the other side going to the water faucet to make the vacuum , the tubing was just calked into holes in the lid, I don't remember if I used silicone caulking, But probably not...
I did not have enough vacuum to suck all the flame in.. that's why things ended so badly...
08:18 That's not (only) the concentration but you made hot piranha solution.
I dont get why only the leftovers reacted with the wood and the main stuff he poured off didnt?
@@yaykruserhmm interesting. Maybe due to the different density or a protective on that part of the wood?
You could introduce a second step where you use vanadium pentoxide to oxydize the SO2 further to SO3.
but nobody has vanadium pentoxide
tho he uses a oxygen cylinder, which mosy people dont have anyway
I now even have V2O5
@@THYZOID Oh god
Where does someone even get V2O5?
From a friend
@@VerbenaIDK chemical suppliers
you know when a german says: "Look at that concentration! Oh shit!". We're about to have a great time. ;)
The strong reaction on the wooden board is not due to the high concentration of sulfuric acid. By mixing sulfuric acid and H2O2 you have created hot Caro's acid. When hot, it can oxidize all organic components it can oxidize Carabot all they way to CO2. That's why it's often used for heavy organic contamination in the laboratory.
You comment made me google piranha solution and caro's acid since I only knew about piranha solutiion before. It seems that Caro's acid is a much more specific compound that is somewhat present in piranha solution. But what he made here is piranha solution as far as I can tell?
From how it reacts on the wood, it looks like maybe you still have some H2O2 left in there.
That’s possible but it must still be pretty concentrated.
The cotton batting in the video at 10 min plus i think is a synthetic named rayon.its either part mixed with cotton or fully synthetic and very useful.
Thank you! That’s helpful.
Rayon is more than 99% natural cotton (in low quality rayon other sources of cellulose are used to) , processed by means of dissolving it in a copper-ammonia complex and reforming it into fine threads by neutralizing the solvent in acid. for that its chemical properties are identical to natural cotton but because its threads are significantly thicker and continuous it is more resistant to traction and due to its smaller surface area it tends to react slower.
In 60% to 96% sulfuric acid pure natural pre-washed cotton just dissolve (and does not actually char) due to the low concentration of lignin and sugars in the fiber.
8:14 You must not assume a high concentration of sulfuric acid based on the strong reaction. Don't forget you used H2O2 to make the sulfuric acid. Some of this H2O2 would certainly be destroyed by heating, but much of it has already reacted with the sulfuric acid while heating to form peroxymonosulfuric acid, also known as Caro's acid or Piranha solution. This is able to oxidize all organic substances up to CO2, much stronger and faster than sulfuric acid alone can do. The enormous reaction already shows that. Sulfuric acid alone (even if it is heated and 98%) would never react in such an effervescent way.
A decent method for testing between cotton materials like canvas and synthetic ones like polyester is by burning: the cotton will char and small like a wood fire whereas most synthetic materials will melt.
Where H2O came from? In reaction SO2+H2O ----give H2SO3
@@ismahenemoudjit6656 I believe the H2O comes from the solution of hydrogen peroxide he bubbles the gas through.
4:44 Even borosilicate glass is not really suitable for this. Quartz glass should always be used for such applications, we always use quartz glas tubes to show the students the Ostwald process for the production of nitric acid. Unfortunately it is not always easy to obtain for amateur chemists and it is much more expensive than borosilicate glass. But you did a great job in demonstrating the process.
borosilicate would be suited but back then i didn´t have a boro tube. this was whatever cheap tube which i found
Thanku for video. I learned much from this video but i didnt predict the cotton reaction, for what ever reason. i figured the acid would basically smoke it.chemistry is so complicated its hard to predict chemical to material reactions.i have much to learn.
I forgot adding the explanations while editing. Here you go:
S + O2 ---> SO2
SO2 + H2O ---> H2SO3
H2SO3 + H2O2 ---> H2SO4 + H2O
Overall reaction:
S + O2 + H2O2 ---> H2SO4
This reaction cannot be carried out by simply dumping sulfur into hydrogen peroxide while bubbling oxygen trough it. The sulfur has to be converted to sulfur dioxide first followed by dissolving the resulting gas in hydrogen peroxide.
Morgan W. thank you for your video request!
10:12 I think the reason for the acid to just eat right through it is because of the formation of piranha solution 🧐
And don't forget H2O2 + H2SO4 ---------> H2SO5 + H2O
Try a similar setup but make the so2 in a bigger flask with excess oxygen, then run this through a quartz tube with UV light to genetate ozone and atomic oxygen in situ that converts the SO2 to SO3. You get pure SO3 as a result. Tube needs to be a bit long though and UV lamp must be a quartz one such as one of the cheapo chinese "disinfection" lamps. Have fun 🤓
I planned to scale this up followed by a V2O5 catalyst. This should also yield decent amounts of SO3
I'd use a V2O5 catalyst, instead of H2O2. That's the usual lab & industrial method, and is MUCH cheaper, if you want to make significant quantities. You pass SO2 & air through a heated "plug-flow" reactor, packed with the catalyst, to produce the SO3.
Can an iron oxide catalyst be used?
@@garrettshadbolt6443 I doubt it. Platinum can be used, but it has problems with being deactivated by As contamination. Of course, Pt is VERY expensive. Normally, the V2O5 catalyst is purchased as the oxide bonded to a ceramic substrate.
@@Pootycat8359 the old book I’m reading indicates asbestos packed with iron oxide, might be worth a try anyway. Platinum is found in catalytic converters I wonder if a suitable reaction chamber could be constructed diy 🤔.
أطال الله عمره الشيخ ورزقه دخول المسجد الأقصى مكبر ومهللا وفاتحا مع الصادقين من هذه الامة
you can use selenium dioxide. 2 SO2 + SeO2 + 2 H2O -> Se + 2 H2SO4
cellulose nanocrystals are frequently produced by the acid hydrolysis (using H2SO4) of cellulose, and cotton is a suitable source of cellulose.
In the US I can still just go to a hardware store and buy 93 percent sulfuric acid. I can't get anything above 5 percent peroxide though.
If I remember right, can't you just bubble air through a sulfur dioxide solution instead? I know its a dissolved gas but I don't know how quickly it will leave vs converting to sulfuric acid though.
I never could understand how they got pure oxygen for the lead chamber process back in 1746. I think it's one of the most important aspects of chemistry.
Did they bother using pure oxygen? It doesn't harm the process, and it can just be tossed overboard at the end after as much of the nitrogen oxide gases have been reclaimed as possible.
They just used air instead. That's it.
Where H2O came from? In reaction SO2+H2O ----give H2SO3
SO2+H2O2*@@ismahenemoudjit6656
i think it is just good old cotton, i have tried the same experiment with a few brands of cottons and even with a hand-pick cotton flower, using boiled battery acid (30% H2SO4) and always the cotton just melt into that...
It can be sintetized using the reaction CuSO4 + 2HCl = H2SO4 + CuCl2
and how do you plan on separating the sulfuric acid from the copper chloride?
@@THYZOID copper cloride can be distillated
@@marcofrizzarin3366 nuhh uhhh. you heat that mix up and HCl will leave giving you back copper sulfate
@@THYZOID ah thanks
Out of curiosity how do you store your h2s04? I have a large hdpe container (98.5% h2s04) that is almost empty, it is taking up room and I was thinking of storing the leftover litre or so in a Schott Duran media bottle? However I am hearing conflicting reviews on forums and articles about storage with the polypropylene lids. Any advise would be much appreciated!
I am using a Schott duran bottle for 96% sulfuric acid and it’s perfect for long term storage. If you really don’t want to take a risk, get a PTFE lid. I assume that the normal PP lid will hold up to 98,5% sulfuric acid without a problem but don’t store oleum.
@@THYZOID Thanks heaps for getting back to me! That's great to know I'm sure it will be fine, in all honesty I'm more worried about solvents they swell everything I even had a ptfe container that swelled from solvent storage. I need a dedicated fridge for reagents!
Also I dont have any oleum to worry about storage, I wish i did have that problem though!
@@noodlesoup2281 For solvents I’d recommend one of those aluminium solvent bottles. The cap even holds up to the pressure of diethyl ether no problem.
@@THYZOID I have never seen those before! They sound awesome. Il be sure to check them out! Thanks again!
H2O2 doesn't degrade too fast even when hot, if its in a very clean container. Looks like you get piranha solution there!
Can you do the Nordhausen process using Iron Sulphate...?
nice
It does not mater if SO3 gets into the system because it would mix with the H2O in the H2O2 and make H2SO4, because the hydrogen peroxide is dilluted with water.
Freezing then thawing the solution of H2SO4 and H2SO3 help to oxidise the remaining H2SO3 into H2SO4.
Awesome video! Is all of the sulfurous acid oxidized into sulfuric acid? is there any way to determine how much sulfurous acid is left after boiling the solution down?
No sulfurous acid left as there was a huge excessive of peroxide. Even if you used an excess of SO2 it wouldn’t matter. It will leave the solution while boiling. h2SO3 easily degrades into SO2 and H2O when heated.
@@THYZOID interesting! Have you considered using any other catalysts/reagents in the production of sulfuric acid? With readily available catalysts like TiO2 and such, I feel like someone with your experience might be able to pull it off!
I know about vanadium pentoxide and I believe that I could be able to do it but I don’t know where to get some V2O5 dispersed on a substrate like quartz wool for cheap.
Iron oxide is also supposed to work according to a chemistry textbook about preparing various reagents
@@EdwardTriesToScience if it does work, it's actually a really good way to make fuming sulfuric acid/oleum at home actually
not for everyone, but whoever has proper equipment can do it, and this setup can be improved
"Strange, this cotton is not cotton"
The acid you demonstrated that have the ability to burn wood is actually piranha solution
Where H2O came from? In reaction SO2+H2O ----give H2SO3
8:10 so you just poured out hot piranha solution? understandable haha
you must use galsse tube of pirex or ciramic one
I know but back at that time I didn’t have one
Does the hydrogen peroxide have to be heated slightly during the reaction? Can nitric acid be used instead of peroxide? Thank you.
you don´t need to heat it. with nitric acid you get nitrosylsulfuric acid so this is not a good way to make pure sulfuric acid.
Thank you. Can sulfuric acid be produced from the electrolysis of magnesium sulfate
That’s possible
And I believe by electrolysis of Copper Sulphate.
Nachdem noch H2O2 vorhanden war, war es wohl Knabberwasser, welches das Holz verbrannt hat. Welche H2SO4 Konzentration kann man eigentlich durch Einkochen erreichen? Wäre es auch möglich, konzentrierte schwefelige Säure (evtl. unter leichter Wärmezufuhr und mit nem Rührfisch) ein paar Tage an der Luft stehen zu lassen bzw. Sauerstoff durchzublubbern, damit diese weiter oxidiert wird?
Zum aufkonzentrieren gebe ich keine tips allerdings denke ich dass das mit der Luft (bei mehr als 50*C) bestimmt funktionieren würde wenn die Luft via Aquariumpumpe hineingepustet wird
mhhhh boiling hot piranha solution
Hattest du eigentlich schon Salpetersäure mit den ostwald prozess hergestellt? Wenn nicht wäre mal schön anzusehen
Nope habe ich noch nicht. Sollte ich es allerdings probieren wir die HNO3 direkt in nitrate umwandeln.
Und man könnte dann den Schwefel direkt reinkippen, um Schwefelsäure zu bekommen.
In some videos, I saw the same experiment, but replacing hydrogen peroxide with distilled water , is this possible?
this won´t make sulfuric acid
hello nice video. I'm not a chemist and I don't have your equipment, I dabble every now and then with something simple. I wanted to ask you for advice, first I'll explain what I did: I took HCl + CuSO4 -> H2SO4 + CuCl2 +H2O I don't balance them but it is to understand. Now I wanted to precipitate the Chlorine to separate it from the acid by adding NaCl to get (CuCl2)2NaCl which should sink to the bottom. Since it was an experiment I didn't calculate the weights of the reactants, so approximate with the concentrations. The question is why if theoretically I should have the precipitate but in practice it doesn't happen to me? I tried to freeze the solution, ms is always green for me. Thank you very much, if you have another method to separate the chloride to suggest so welcome (without chloroform). Thank you very much.
what did you try to make, what did you use, how much water was used?
10% muriatic acid for home, I don't remember how much copper sulphate. As soon as I can, I'll experiment by weighing and scoring everything. I also thought of doing electrolysis, but I wanted to avoid it, otherwise I'd already start with a copper sulphate solution. Thanks for the reply.
Der Wattebausch könnte evtl. aus Polyester oder Viskose gewesen sein, weswegen die Schwefelsäure sich einfach durchgefressen hat
Danke!
Does somebody know how to get all of the H2O2 out?
heat for longer. or throw in a platinum bar which will catalytically decompose the peroxide over a longer period of time
So, if H2O2 can be used to oxidize SO3 --> SO4,
then, *does that mean that H2O2 can be used to oxidize NH4 --> NO2 or NO3??*
Of course, this experiment should be done in dilute & cold solution, to prevent outright combustion of NH4.
Neither will SO3 ever be turned into SO4 nor will H2O2 turn ammonia ever into NO2 using H2O2. SO4 and NO3 don’t even exist
@@THYZOID lmao. Unsubscribed.
@@THYZOID seems he either forgot charge or some protons
it is called piranha solution
that's a artificial cotton made with polythene like substance
can we make sulfuric acid from battery water
Its very contaiminated with lead salts.
Where H2O came from? In reaction SO2+H2O ----give H2SO3
12% hydrogen peroxide is the same as 40 volume clear developer from beauty shops , in case anyone was curious.
@Thy labs : if u need hig heat glass tube... go for microwave with grill... get free nicral element and a quartz 1450+ hig heat resistant tube ;)
i also have a tube furnace no need for microwave stuff
Ausgezeichnet ! Mit V2O5, es geht viel leichter. Alles Gute. Grüsse von Genf !
aren't you getting H2SO3 not H2SO4? pls explain me.
the hydrogen peroxide oxidizes it to sulfuric acid
@@THYZOID tnx
🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉
Interesting method but 20 ml of 95 to 98 sulfur acid is not much. It is cool tho.
The yield could be greatly improved by using an inverted funnel over a dish of burning sulfur for the SO2 generator and using a vacuum behind the bubbler (2 bubblers in a row would also be great).
Where H2O came from? In reaction SO2+H2O ----give H2SO3
Hydrogen peroxide in water........
@@THYZOID u use H2O2 dilluted??
@@ismahenemoudjit6656 Of course. try buying 100% H2O2 anywhere. good luck lmao
@@THYZOID thnk uuu ❤️❤️
@@ismahenemoudjit6656 you're welcome uwu
Sulfur flames are so pretty but sulfur is such a stinky horrible element. It's totally unfair.
Erster 😜
Diesmal nicht ich hab das Video vorher schon selbst für meinen ergänzenden Kommentar geöffnet😂🥇
@@THYZOID Ach Mist, sehe ich jetzt auch 😁 Nun gut, sagen wir mal erster Zuschauerkommentar 😂
Das ist richtig 💯
@@THYZOID In Anbetracht des Ausgangsstoffgesetzes, der Strafbarkeit der Herstellung und Besitz von konzentrierter Schwefelsäure, hältst du dieses Video für taktisch klug?
Konzentrierte Schwefelsäure ist bis Februar 2022 erlaubt. Bis dahin wird alles verbraucht und verdünnt.
Weiterhin kann niemand beweisen wann dieses Video gedreht und welcher Stoff tatsächlich hergestellt wurde.