Make Sulfuric Acid by the Copper Chloride Process
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- Опубликовано: 26 авг 2024
- In this video we make sulfuric acid by the copper chloride process.
The general idea is simple: Take a solution of copper (II) chloride and bubble sulfur dioxide into it until most of the copper (II) chloride is converted into copper (I) chloride. This reaction also converts the sulfur dioxide into sulfuric acid and produces hydrochloric acid. Now the copper chloride can be regenerated by bubbling air into the mixture until the copper chloride dissolves again. This cycle can be repeated. When you want to isolate the sulfuric acid you forgo air infusion for that step and filter off the preciptated copper chloride. Then you distill off the hydrochloric acid and water from the filtrate. The sulfuric acid left behind will precpitate out most of the remainig copper salts and when filtered will give you relatively pure sulfuric acid with some water and minor copper contamination. The copper chloride can be recombined with all the hydrochloric acid from before and the cycle repeated.
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Awesome! This seems easier than the nitric process I've been looking at.
Hello Cody!
2 years later
hi cody!
@@-c2784 And then two more
Digging up old video clips from 2009 makes me feel old. It's been 8 years since i did those experiments. The video doesn't hold up well in terms of quality. Maybe i should redo some of them with more modern equipment.
NurdRage they're still of high quality with the voice overs and the overall education we gain from these videos though. Old or new keep the videos pumping my fellow chemist
2009? I was still a sane and respectable person when you recorded those clips
+NurdRage you said that excess hydrochloric acid complexes with the copper(I) chloride. Wouldn't the reaction kinetics better when the copper(I) ions are dissolved rather than in solid particle form?
I wonder if bubbling oxygen produced from the reaction of bleach and peroxide would speed up the oxidation step. Both available cheaply OTC.
You should do a video synthesizing sulfuric acid via electrolysis of CuSO4 dissolved in water. To me it seems like the cheapest and easiest (also safest) way to synthesize sulfuric acid.
who else loves NurdRage's honestly? truly one of the best parts of about him besides his amazing knowledge
He's by far my favorite technical yt chemist
Nilered cant hold a candle to him
Man, I freakin' live for your videos. You inspired me to go to college for Biochemistry in the first place. Just wanted to let you know how awesome I think you are.
Eight years ago he launched my tinkering in chemistry to full blown home laboratory work. Congratulations on studying biochemistry, by the way!
Theres nothing wrong with good old fashioned chemistry. Looking back at my old videos makes me nostalgic! :) Keep them coming they are great.
'let's get into wasting valuable hours of our lives'
Sounds like you're itching for something more substantial after finishing your pyrimethamine.
Above all, it always sounds like Nurdrage survived a comicbook-style sulfur hexafluoride accident which left him forever acoustically deformed 😬
@@AlkisGD So I heard soul making shops before activating captions.
NurdRages videos never ends up on my RUclips startpage even though I watch and like everyone. Love these videos ^^
It may not be the best way of making sulfuric acid but it's still very interesting to watch. Someone might not be able to buy sulfuric acid and this could be the only way for them to obtain it, so it's still very useful video for someone. Thumbs up!
In places like Australia you can't buy sulfuric acid without being a university/business(Chem supply places) or a licensed plumber(Drain cleaner).
All the other ingredients you can get cheap and easily.
Electra Flarefire That's exactly what I'm talking about - they won't let home chemists buy things like H2SO4 because they're scared it will be used to make drugs or something like that, which is not usually the intention of home chemists but on the other hand alcohol and nicotine are legal despite being toxic - government wins and you lose, sorry. However, it's not game over yet - thanks to channels like NurdRage you can learn how to obtain sulfuric acid without actually buying it. And in the end home chemists win!
Just curious. Can you buy battery acid in Australia or they require you to have some kind of license for it?
You can buy it /in/ a battery. You buy a battery. They put the acid in it. Then you can take the battery out of the store.
You can't get just the acid and you can't get the battery and acid as two parts.
That's very unfortunate. It's the most viable source of sulfuric acid for hobbyists in ex USSR countries.
Hello NurdRage. I am having a hell of a time getting acids here in japan. Some things have cas numbers that I can use but most dont. I speak english. I have been waiting for a vaccum pump so I can try Chemplayers process of bubbling SO2 through hydrogen peroxide. I also need to concentrate my peroxide up to 30% which is a pain in its self. So I would appreciate more videos geared toward people like me who have huge limits on availability. They dont even sell sulfuric acid to clear drains here. There is only so much fun stuff one can do without acids. It has taken me a year to get the litmus paper beakers scales and I built a magnetic stirrer. I am dedicated but limited.
Ive still yet to do the method by chemplayer. I am thinkig now about vanadium dioxide. To make oleum
Hows the last 3 years been? Still doing chrmistry? Have you figured out a way to synthesize acids or buy them
I love the "crushing your expectations" segment, especially the wasting time part, that made my day!
Maybe the purpose of making the sulfuric acid is to make a weapon and thus you can't buy it and leave a paper trail. Life isn't all about just time and money!
I hypothesized the possibility of making sulfuric acid this way a long ago. Nice to see it was not an impossible method.
In the EU sulfuric acid above 15% will be forbidden next year. So yes, this video is very important for us here in the EU.
15% is quite low but you could just distill it, which is simple and it is a single step. If you want to reach ~90%, then it is a power hungry process. I use a propane torch to do this.
I don't mind having long processes. I have limited time to spend on this as I might only find an evening per week. So I don't mind having air bubble through a 20l canister of CuCl for a week. And if you refine precious metals, you always have plenty of CuCl and CuNO3.
Could one use ozone for the oxidation step? Ozone can be easily made with a UVC lamp, opaque tubing to insulate the UVC lamp, and a computer fan. UVC lamps are like $15 online
Hi NurdRage, I am recently doing chemistry in the backyard for a little gold refining hobby. i found this video interesting and somewhat surprised. Precious metal refiners always produce Cucl2 as a waste especially in the country where nitric acid and sulfuric acid are not available. Anyways, thank you for sharing your knowledge! 👍
it's good to know that you're still alive
It's great to see so many people eager to "waste valuable hours of our life" in the pursuit of scientific knowledge.
Myself included. :D
You mentioned it could be altered into a continuous process, with my particular blend of hobbies this makes me wonder if the process could not be automated? The very long reaction times are much less a concern, it seems to me, if the reaction can run unattended in a box behind the shed. Just a thought.
Is it possible to bubble SO2 gas into dilute h2so4 that is simultaneously electrolyzed? The idea is that electrolysis will produce active oxygen gas that reacts with SO2, so the SO2 will be converted almost immediately into h2so4. If done correctly i think the only input will be SO2, water and electricity
Instead bubble SO2 in to 30% or more conc. H2O2
It should form sulfuric acid
Those are some very beautiful shades of green!
Woohoo! You're video showed up on my feed!
Alexis Vézina your
Is this the third time I'm watching? Yes! Am I a little nuts for doing so? Absolutely! Do I learn something new each time? Of course!
Do you think there would be any useful optimization value in buying a $250-300 PSA oxygen concentrator to speed up oxidative regeneration of the CuCl? The zeolite nitrogen scrubber in a PSA doesn't produce pure oxygen, but it can enrich the %oxygen up to around 80-90%, and the flow rate should be similar to the air injection used in this video, it's at least a high enough flow rate to meet human respiration needs.
electrolysis of copper sulfate is probably is best way for an amateur lab, but still take a long time to get a decent amount.
Waste of time if you ask me (from experience) and considering tonnes of conc. H2SO4 are produced annually each year through the "Contact Process" there is no reason why you shouldn't be able to buy it relatively cheaply. I think spending hours making a few mL of H2SO4 rather than making something more worthwhile (interesting) is just plain silly and detracts from the hobby. But I do appreciate understanding the Science behind this video and the time/effort that has gone into it but in terms of value/scalability like Nurdrage says it's not worth it.
of course buy it directly is best way without a single double, I personally have electrolised kilograms of CuSO4 and distill the acid, I know it is a hassle to do this to begin with. But the thing there is sulfuric acid and many other chemicals are restricted for regular individuals to buy.if you have a way to but them, buying it directly obviously is the cheapest way, .(actually, it's still cheaper buying it at black market than making it yourself, but not everyone has the connection so...)
Interestingly, I have been able to buy a liter of 17.5 M sulfuric acid from my local hardware store under the name "Rooto Professional Drain Opener". The acid looks quite clear and clean, and there are videos on youtube that test it and determine it has a fairly low amount of dissolved impurities in it. You might want to check the drain cleaner section of your local hardware store for the bottles that are in thick plastic bags and are very heavy (due to conc. H2SO4's high density). When I first saw it, I didn't believe it either. The price was under 10 bucks per liter as well.
the regulation varies from countries to countries, and sulfuric acid based drain cleaners are hard to find, and require distillation to purify it, (it was the worst distillation i have ever done, ),
Ah, I didn't realize that. I guess America doesn't care to regulate it for some reason.
these processes are really good for the people who has a lab and need acids to continue reacting chemicals and learn something. Due to some focking bad people we can't buy acids directly from chemical shops, so this is our only way.
started a rewatch of Breaking Bad and NR vids are a perfect compliment
You could definitely try bubbling ozone instead of air, IIRC ozone generators are not that expensive to buy and run.
But you need to feed the O3 generator with pure O2 otherwise the output is still mostly air.
I've been waiting for this since your tweet!
Awesome thanks for video!
Wow a nice video
would oxygen directly bubbled in increase yields?
3:43 new favorite word: homogenius
Thanks NurdRage!
Ps. Love your vids keep it up
What if pure oxygen (from a concentrator were to be used, both in the sulfur burner and regenerating the solution)? Would that speed up the oxidation?
Thank you very much sir .
perhaps there is a way to bubble air through the solution, not just expose the surface, to react it faster, or perhaps bubbling both air and sulphur dioxide, to run the process, but the when it comes to harvesting, and reconstituting. The solution have a "faster" reaction to speed up those slow parts of the process
So, how much Sulphur Hexafluoride do you get through making these videos then? :P
I would be interested in bubbling 03 gas to see what if anything that improves
I'd like a video on synthesizing Meldrum's acid from mostly OTC precursors.
Good informative video, but in Taiwan we just go down to the chemical store and buy 98% sulfuric acid there. They do want to see ID though but there's no restriction on buying them. You can get all your 3 lab acids this way, hydrochloric, nitric, and sulfuric.
Lucky Taiwan! Here in Europe there is tyranny from Brussels and our politicians are scared sh1tless of people having anything that might hurt them.
@@klauskarpfen9039 If having them is illegal it's likely making them is illegal too. But there has to be acid based drain cleaners, and also battery acids. Battery acid is very dilute but you can concentrate those by boiling.
I wonder if one of those little ozone producing air purifiers could be used to make ozone to bubble through the solution. They don't make much, but it seems like it should react more rapidly (assuming ozone would work in this process and that it doesn't just immediately convert dissolved SO2 into sulfuric acid.)
Good news! Your video showed up in my feed!! :)
I etching my circuit boards with copper chloride solved in muriatic acid, bubbleing air in it and it takes about an hour to get the job done.
"now lets get started wasting valuable hours of our life". Comments like that is how you know someone has a PhD.
Nurdrage can you make a video about making ferrate salts from rust? Or explore the 'metalates' formed when transition metals are boiled with bleach?
Great vid. I always appreciate info, never know when there will be a MacGyver opportunity.
Love your videos. Thank you sir
Little Stevie was a chemist,
but a chemist he is no more.
For what he thought was H-2-O
was H-2-S-O-4.
Another way to use the hydrogen peroxide is to rapidly turn the CuCl back into CuCl2. The reaction is essentially instantaneous. Note, though, that this also requires 1 equivalent of hydrochloric acid - which however, is recovered at a later step.
Great job.
Lovely video as usual
Can it be done with ferric chloride too? That is also a strong oxidative agent and picks air up quite fast even without bubbleing it.
Hola buenas, puedes colocar los subtítulos en español
I want to make ethyl linalool via an sn2 reaction between linalool in an alkaline solution and lithium ethoxide. Is there anyone that can tell me if this will give me a good yield or produce any undesirable byproducts? Thanks!
Would bubbling in pure oxygen (from an oxygen concentrater) speed the copper oxidation process? This pure oxygen could also be used to burn the sulfur without passing nitrogen through the mixture. Excess oxygen could be added to the SO2 stream as it enters the reaction flask.
Probably. I am making CuCl2 with Cu + HCl + CuCl2 + air process but it is super slow.
@@louistournas120 Throw in some hydrogen peroxide & the reaction will go faster.
I've always wanted to make Sulfuric Acid by the Copper Chloride Process :D
03:52 I wonder if a catalyst might speed up the reaction. What about a tiny(!) amount of bromide? This might produce with oxygen in acidic solution a small amount of bromine, which would seem to mmediate to oxidation of Cu(I) to Cu (II) and should - hopefully - be small enough not to reduce too much sulfuric acid later-?
Silver (Ag+) in small amounts might work too - as it is not totally insoluble, particularly in solutions that contain enough chloride, although it might be converted to elemental Silver, I might give it a try.
This method has now become a staple preparation of sulfuric acid for all our amateur chemist brothers in the UK.
Here's hoping they still have access to potassium bisulfate.
I love you man, thank you for the videos
What about using electrolysis and bubble in Oxygen made from water being processed through a chemical or electrical method of generation.
Next, could you show how to make fuming sulfuric acid?
Hey, i wanted to try this and i was wondering if the concentrated sulfuric acid produced at the end could be purified by electrolysis which i hope could reduce copper metal and oxidise chlorine before destroying too much acid. Anyone thinks this will work?
Could you use the easy available iron-(II)-chloride instead ?
What was the concentration of the sulphuric acid
Could you bubble in ozone instead of air? Ozone can be created from air rather easily and I'd imagine that it would be far more reactive.
but you risk the NOx and HNO3 contamination if you produce the ozone from air... ozone production is also quite slow
you should devise an iodine clock like reaction that goes through several colors instead of just black and colorless
If time and electricity are not huge concerns, I’m assuming you could compress the air, or enrich the oxygen content to get cylinders of compressed air/oxygen. I’m assuming that bubbling this stuff through would likely speed up the oxidation step.
Some of the combinations you come up with are not what one would see in a common Chemistry text book. Do you have any references for designing reactions? I've been through the thermodynamics classes and "get" the Gibbs free energy stuff but am usually at a loss for finding sufficient data to use those concepts.
Think you'll ever make a video about oleum?
I want to know about CuCl2 with SO2 reaction appearance
Yay new video
Can't we just heat the solution of hcl with cuso4 and collect the distilled liquid?
but why the sulferic acide don't reacte withe mono cloride cooper to give mono sulfate cooper or Cu2 So4
Hello I have made silver nitrate from pure silver pieces and nitric acid. Q: How can nitrates be purified after that? For information I use it in spraying nickel-chrome water. And you very much
The audio sounds awesome on head phones. but I really am curious as to how you burn the sulfur. Is that a mix of sulfur and wax? great vids loving the science.
3 year old comment i realize, but sulfur will burn in open air by itself, nothing else needed
Can you make video about synthesis of pinacyanol chloride?
wonder if CuF2 works as neatly
So how do _they_ make sulfuric acid so that it is cheaper to buy than making one yourself? What process do they use that is more efficient?
Wouldn't it be more efficient to disperse the solution into small droplets increasing the oxidation rate?
If you used pure electrolytically generated oxygen rather than air would that speed up the process? Also when clearing the filter and adding back the HCl, why not just back wash the filter with the HCl? Anyway thanks for sharing, any process that uses catalysts is interesting .
Have you a way using the plaster electrolysis ?
what about bubbling the air through a glass-sinter/glass-wool to increase the surface area of the bubbles? could this speed things up?
Ok you got me laughing with the disclaimer
If you electrolyzed sulfuric acid to generate caro's acid which is h2so4+h2o2, then you could bubble in more so2 gas right?
Instead of bubbling air through it, you could get an oxygen concentrator machine (medical surplus) and this will output oxygenated air, which rather than the 20%~ oxygen in normal air IIRC its about 90%-95% oxygen.
How due you clean the frit in the filter?
would the addition of compounds that increase oxygen solubility (hemoglobin comes to mind, or maybe certain other chemicals would work as well, fulfilling a similar role) be useful for increasing the speed of the regeneration?
What is needed, if it hasn't aready been done, is a tutorial how to make the mineral acids - Nitric, hydrochloric, and sulfuric from raw materials if access to commercially produced acids are not available due to legislation.
And then from there another tutorial to make them more concentrated.
What about using a stronger oxidizer than oxygen, to regenerate the copper 2 chloride?
Perhaps that would speed up the process?
Just to check with anyone who knows, when getting a lab glass starter set, is 24/40 grinding the most common? It seems like the laboy stuff is all 24/40. Its a pretty steep investment, though. (for me)
Is it possible to use ozone and the sulphur dioxide in order to form sulphur trioxide and then making it reacting with water?
Would it go faster if you added 100% oxygen instead of air?
asvarien in theory it should... but electrolisys is the only cheap way to get oxygen
What about using ozone? You can generate that from air using corona discharge devices.
RyneCJohnston well it's worth trying!
But corona dscharge isn't the best way to get ozone...
There are ozone generators and stuff
If you find a very very cheap one online than let me know...we may actualy try this!
I'm no expert, but I thought that many ozone generators use a fan to blow air through corona discharge. I don't know how efficient they are, but you may not need much. Incidentally, bigclivedotcom just published an interesting teardown video: ruclips.net/video/STkMRTNDEFk/видео.html
Here's an Amazon posting to a clone of what Clive took apart: amzn.to/2xGCLnK.
Maybe it would be faster even with air and a bubbling stone ?
In the boring UK, you can't buy sulphuric acid to my knowledge at least, so it's one way to get it.
Think I’ll wait till tomorrow when I get it in 1080p!
Or you know, watch it in 2160p right now an hour after you posted this. Rendering doesn't take that long.
AllChemystery i
AllChemystery j
How does distilling hydrochloric acid work, if it turns into hydrogen chloride gas when heated shouldn't it be bubbling through water?
Can i drink this?
Do you think bubbling pure oxygen or oxygen enriched air through would speed up the process?
What causes the oxidation to take so long?
Can I make sulfuric acid by passing sulfur dioxide through I3 / KI solution?
What about copper acetate? (Or whatever compound is created by copper and peracetic acid?)
??
is there easy way making h2so4 by burning sulphur?
Hello, NurdRage, will it increase efficiency if you bubble air while bubbling SO2 in the slurry?