World’s Most Dangerous Roads | India - Leh-Manali Highway | Free Documentary

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  • Опубликовано: 1 фев 2025

Комментарии • 2,9 тыс.

  • @FreeDocumentary
    @FreeDocumentary  3 года назад +566

    The World's Most Dangerous Roads: India - Leh-Manali Highway
    A first time release on free documentary.
    It's a road of mountain passes - India's roof of the world - the Himalayas. The 475 km long route at the northernmost tip of the Indian subcontinent connects the cities of Manali and Leh at the heart of the Ladakh region.
    The term 'highway' applies quite literally, since the route traverses five of the highest drivable mountain passes in the world - among these the Lohtang La at 3978 meters above sea level (13,000 ft), the Lachulung La at 5,059 meters (16,598 ft) and the Tanglang L at 5,325 meters (17,470 ft)
    Crossing these passes is a challenge for both man and machine. The mountain peaks, snow-capped all year round, the wide wild variety of vegetation covering a savage and fantastic landscape, making this a breathtaking journey..in more ways than one. Pun intended. We're traveling at some pretty high altitudes here.
    Enjoy the ride!
    Available worldwide excl. GST*, Greater China, Poland, Benelux
    #freedocumentary

  • @sergiomontes5534
    @sergiomontes5534 3 года назад +2484

    I've been a truck driver for 18 years now in San Diego, California. but this guy's take the trophy my respect for them!!⛟⛟⛟

    • @FreeDocumentary
      @FreeDocumentary  3 года назад +163

      Nicely said. Thanks for stopping by with such a neat comment. Stay safe.

    • @tanbarua242
      @tanbarua242 3 года назад +55

      @@FreeDocumentary when was the video produced?? Because it look old now there is a tunnel to go to leh. And have all weather road.

    • @kakhetosumi5635
      @kakhetosumi5635 3 года назад +27

      @@tanbarua242 2010. It is in the description

    • @prabhlivkaurgill7121
      @prabhlivkaurgill7121 3 года назад +21

      In India drivers go through a lot

    • @prabhlivkaurgill7121
      @prabhlivkaurgill7121 3 года назад +5

      And he is a sikh

  • @aleximercedez2068
    @aleximercedez2068 3 года назад +976

    Iam a truck driver from Toronto Canada Ontario I give a lot of respect to all the drivers in India wow be safe every driver there

  • @rahulas8653
    @rahulas8653 3 года назад +126

    The roadside tea stall lady giving food for free to the needy...her life is already tough yet she helps out others! Hats off to her true Indian spirit. And Narendra is a rock star!

  • @КамранАли
    @КамранАли 3 года назад +640

    My heart broke when Jaswer Singh said his father died of a heart attack while weeping. I wish him good health and wealth. Life is harsh. Stay strong my brother

  • @theceruleandolphin2829
    @theceruleandolphin2829 3 года назад +165

    Travelled that road, by minibus, around ten years ago. 19 hours of back-breaking juddering and vibration. Multiple breakdowns, while deathly cold with no sleep. Yet, one of the best days of my life. Loved it, and will always remember it with heart.

    • @vimdhayakjiofhimachal6448
      @vimdhayakjiofhimachal6448 3 года назад +5

      Don't worry
      Now this is best road at this height
      N
      Even world longest tunnel above 13000 ft height Atal tunnel is also constructed
      Which
      Will avoid to go through Rohtang pass

    • @lokeshbora3153
      @lokeshbora3153 2 года назад +1

      This documentary is very old , now a days Cell phone is everywhere and roads are very good.

  • @himanshudhillon7576
    @himanshudhillon7576 3 года назад +2533

    Guys, the video was shot in 2010. The road infrastructure has improved a lot in the last 11 years. But still, the terrain is tough. Salute to these truck warriors who are our country's life lines.

    • @culeforever5408
      @culeforever5408 3 года назад +132

      @Faisal Alam check the description..its written 2010.

    • @imvickey-007
      @imvickey-007 3 года назад +113

      Yes, the roads are much better now....
      Because I m also from Himachal Pradesh

    • @dumbgamer6133
      @dumbgamer6133 3 года назад +38

      it was from 2009, the road was not that bad even at that time.

    • @aaronwernz5788
      @aaronwernz5788 3 года назад +23

      @@imvickey-007 I went down that road in 2001. I remember it not all that different then they show hear. To be honest the thought of it still being wild and barely tamed like I remember it, brings me a smile. However for the people that really need and depend on that road. I imagine them having a better road is more important than my personal enjoyment of the idea it is just as I left it 20 years ago.🤗

    • @hil7850
      @hil7850 3 года назад +5

      It's almost same except new tunnel from Manali to Keylong.

  • @arpan6827
    @arpan6827 3 года назад +325

    Narendra is a Sikh man, his fellow trucker a Hindu. They both pray in a Buddhist temple filled with almost all gods of worshipped in India. This video was taken in the 2000s. Its mindboggling how much have changed since last two decades and how much still remains the same over thousands of years.God i love this country !!

    • @arpan6827
      @arpan6827 3 года назад +34

      @@kartikgupta5885 Congress killed without discrimination, BJP supports those who does it with religious discrimination. It depends upon ones perspective.

    • @musicislifechannel2321
      @musicislifechannel2321 3 года назад +25

      @@kartikgupta5885 Illiterate spotted.

    • @musicislifechannel2321
      @musicislifechannel2321 3 года назад +55

      @@kartikgupta5885 BJP is the only part that is paying attention towards development.

    • @parveshbisht4955
      @parveshbisht4955 3 года назад +32

      @@kartikgupta5885 bjp wants to save india from fools like you

    • @allahlesboslu2_9
      @allahlesboslu2_9 3 года назад +10

      Yahi secularism Chahiye , not s I c kularism 🤣🤣🤣

  • @suf6320
    @suf6320 3 года назад +247

    I love India's TATA trucks. I visited India when I was a kid and loved watching the trucks go by on the highway. Good memories.

    • @Paul_inmotion
      @Paul_inmotion 3 года назад +7

      Yeah i love only truk of india nothing other

    • @robgrune3284
      @robgrune3284 3 года назад +11

      I doubt any American truck would last the journey.

    • @chadd498
      @chadd498 3 года назад +24

      TATA trucks are badass bro. Like a Tank

    • @princebharadia25
      @princebharadia25 3 года назад +5

      @@chadd498 Tata cars are the same tough in their segment 👍

    • @muhammedsamil2891
      @muhammedsamil2891 3 года назад +11

      @@robgrune3284 they would , they have powerfull engines not like these trucks ,but these tata trucks are made for this terrain.

  • @ezragonzalez8936
    @ezragonzalez8936 2 года назад +13

    Jaswer Singh talking about his father hit me hard made me cry too! how easy we have it here and most of us still complain! Jaswer Singh you are an amazing wonderful man! Cheers From Salt Lake City!

  • @lilac2698
    @lilac2698 3 года назад +143

    I went to this highway last year (November 2021) It's gorgeous now. Moreover, the Atal tunnel has now finished, which is literally a nine kilometer long tunnel through a mountain that cuts the trip time in half! You don't need to go to Rohtang Pass anymore. The infrastructure has improved so much, that it almost felt like I was in a video game when I went through such good roads in the middle of mountains at an altitude of more than 5000+ meters!

    • @aryanhassan4659
      @aryanhassan4659 2 года назад +4

      I hope i visit it sometime soon..thanks for informing..💓

    • @vishalsyoutube
      @vishalsyoutube 2 года назад +7

      Oh yes. The Border Road Organization (BRO) had done a very good job at Atal Tunnel. Very lovely..

    • @tubu-q4s
      @tubu-q4s 3 месяца назад

      ​@@vishalsyoutubevisKaHsyuotupe

  • @dumbgamer6133
    @dumbgamer6133 3 года назад +844

    This video was shot in 2009, that is me and my friend Gaurav talking about our truck that went off road at 34 Min, it was August 12th 2009. The army helped us in pulling the Truck Out. The best part was we fixed the shocks (Kamaniya) and drove it back home from Zingzing bar.
    Always tried to search for this video, found it after 12 years. The Guys told us it will be on TV someday.

    • @windynate1826
      @windynate1826 3 года назад +14

      fraud, ur not the real one

    • @dumbgamer6133
      @dumbgamer6133 3 года назад +83

      @@windynate1826 LOL, dont wrry i am not looking for your acknowledgement. I am sure you must have seen a lot of fakes ones that shaped your behavior to think every one lying on internet. Some times things don't look the way you think they are :)

    • @dumbgamer6133
      @dumbgamer6133 3 года назад +44

      @Faisal Alam Bhai... I am not trying to prove anything :). its ok if you think I am fake but bro why you asking me to shut up without any proof that it is not me.

    • @anvarnasar7716
      @anvarnasar7716 3 года назад +23

      What a downfall brother! You were a truck owner in 2009 doing cool truck things and what are you now? A DUMB GAMER?!

    • @AbhishekThakur-wl1pl
      @AbhishekThakur-wl1pl 3 года назад +31

      @Faisal Alam beta tuh toh paper tyaar rakh NRC ane wala h.

  • @pangetcako7954
    @pangetcako7954 3 года назад +53

    That man cried because of his father died and no more money... my heart ache i wanted to cry too..... life is so unfair. I wish all the best in his life.
    Thank you so much for this one of the best documentary. We can see whats happening around the world that we cannot imagine .. really2x appreciated it ,.

  • @carlpretorius1584
    @carlpretorius1584 3 года назад +609

    Very well made video! India is an extremely beautiful country, especially the Himalyas and mountainous regions.
    Regards from South Africa.

    • @parveshbisht4955
      @parveshbisht4955 3 года назад +10

      I am from Himalayas

    • @jatinthakur2051
      @jatinthakur2051 3 года назад +11

      @@parveshbisht4955 i m from greater himalyas kinnour himachal pradesh

    • @parveshbisht4955
      @parveshbisht4955 3 года назад +9

      @@jatinthakur2051 I am from chamoli Uttarakhand

    • @onkar9754
      @onkar9754 3 года назад +1

      @Nordic Tyr haha

    • @Tutanchat
      @Tutanchat 3 года назад +3

      northeast, South too..

  • @JoelLSigne
    @JoelLSigne 2 года назад +41

    How i wish to travel this route someday,.
    I even wanted to live in India, i really admire Indian people ,. They're good friends and kindhearted people. 👍👍👍

    • @FreeDocumentary
      @FreeDocumentary  2 года назад +5

      agree

    • @abhinaysingh8306
      @abhinaysingh8306 Год назад +4

      sorry but these roads are not used anymore. that video is around 13 years old and now that place is connected to a great highway having lots of tunnels.

    • @asadfarraj
      @asadfarraj 11 месяцев назад +1

      ​@@abhinaysingh8306Surely there must be an option to travel them, or are they closed permanently for all?

    • @abhinaysingh8306
      @abhinaysingh8306 11 месяцев назад +1

      @@asadfarraj I think it's closed permanently due to safety reasons.

    • @SanketNagrale-f4t
      @SanketNagrale-f4t 10 месяцев назад +1

      Roads will open in june. You can travel. I am going there as well in june

  • @ashishkp9999
    @ashishkp9999 2 года назад +41

    I'm from South India and once I went to Himachal Pradesh and that was the best experience I had ever had. The scenery was soo beautiful lush green forest covered with blue transparent water, waterfalls here and there, cold weather with striking sun, majority of the time covered with clouds which makes it even more amazing.
    Recently I went to Ooty in Southern India And believe it or not that place always has cloudy weather and the background looks almost like a scene from Harry Potter. That's the place where I realized hill stations are far better than beaches.

  • @pynskhemlyngdoh6730
    @pynskhemlyngdoh6730 3 года назад +603

    I am from north east India, Meghalaya,we don't have any rail connectivity and depend on road transport for essential items,like these truckers...salute to them

    • @gauravjaswal2565
      @gauravjaswal2565 3 года назад +36

      dimapur kohima railway line is under construction

    • @rehaninamdar3208
      @rehaninamdar3208 3 года назад +14

      @Mayur Kanth seriously bro , you gonna blame everything on congress!!! facepalm*

    • @51lkyw4y
      @51lkyw4y 3 года назад +48

      Now, the Northeast is getting railway connectivity. Six of the eight north-eastern states' capital cities will come on the Indian railway map by March 2023.

    • @armadilloburns4880
      @armadilloburns4880 3 года назад +16

      Rail connectivity to Meghalaya should have been finished since 2012.The locals don't want a rail line.Who is to blame ????

    • @thanghauzel
      @thanghauzel 3 года назад +16

      @Mayur Kanth the Government did try to introduce railway in Meghalaya but the locals don't want it..who is to blame govt or the locals?

  • @tenzingongmitlepcha1942
    @tenzingongmitlepcha1942 3 года назад +106

    I am so grateful to all our truck drivers due to their hard work we can have food on our plates as well as our other necessities.
    Thanks for covering these treacherous journey, hats off to you guys...
    Jai hind....

  • @doughopkins7567
    @doughopkins7567 3 года назад +232

    Respect to BRO, Border Roads Organisation who work incredibly hard to keep the roads open.

  • @kennedywere6018
    @kennedywere6018 3 года назад +59

    Hats off for this crew that works tirelessly to brings us documentary about the world from the comfort of our houses, much love from kenya

  • @richardk.3422
    @richardk.3422 3 года назад +52

    as a truck driver in the usa I have nothing but respect for the driver's that take on these roads. be safe drivers!

  • @bhulatsering4261
    @bhulatsering4261 3 года назад +452

    I love my India... with best wishes from Tibetan in India Jai Hind 🙏🙏🙏.

    • @FreeDocumentary
      @FreeDocumentary  3 года назад +34

      Best wishes right back

    • @Sedonapass
      @Sedonapass 3 года назад +2

      Ok but get better roads..!! Needs a political reform

    • @Rockpire
      @Rockpire 3 года назад +36

      @@Sedonapass it’s not about development. There are water crosses and avalanches which damage the roads. At 16000+ feet it’s hard to maintain the roads. I have been riding to Ladakh almost every year and roads are much better now

    • @bazirao
      @bazirao 3 года назад +28

      @@Sedonapass To a person sitting in far away land, it may look like these roads are neglected. But that is not true. The treacherous weather conditions and rough terrain make it hard to maintain these roads.

    • @Abhinav-r8
      @Abhinav-r8 3 года назад +14

      @@Sedonapass this video is old

  • @mwng5186
    @mwng5186 3 года назад +14

    Ive ridden this road three times on an enfield...Im a truck and bus driver in the uk...terrific documentary..the patience and friendliness of these guys is enormously humbling.....My bike broke down with a broken carb on one trip from Leh down..just down from Rohtang la...i put it in the back of a tata and got a lift back to manali......they wouldnt take 1 rupee.....

  • @positivevibes7966
    @positivevibes7966 3 года назад +198

    I am from North India and its absolutely brilliant documentary. Simply truthful no fuss no drama. Thank you guys for hard work

    • @margietucker1719
      @margietucker1719 3 года назад +17

      Hello from Texas, USA. I LOVE this part of the world--and hope I can visit someday! I would like to see all of India, but the Himalayas are my favorite area---very close to my heart ♥

    • @guptatushaar
      @guptatushaar 3 года назад +5

      seems very old...no need to go to rohtang now....even the roads have been in much better condition in last 3-4 yrs

    • @exterminator1434
      @exterminator1434 3 года назад +1

      @Scumfuck McDoucheface no that is your personal perception of Texas peoples... how racist of you to speak like this your own countrymen. We don’t talk this in India.

    • @amarjeetsingh-nw4gd
      @amarjeetsingh-nw4gd 3 года назад +1

      @@margietucker1719 You r most welcome to be here!

    • @saintsoldier5671
      @saintsoldier5671 3 года назад

      @Scumfuck McDoucheface true man , appreciate what you know about India.

  • @karthik26fs
    @karthik26fs 3 года назад +8

    These Documentary makers are the real heroes, I mean all the effort behind travelling, filming, editing and in the end giving it away for free. Thank you

  • @cinemamashinani3852
    @cinemamashinani3852 3 года назад +34

    It broke my heart when that guy cried remembering his Dad who died when their truck broke down. Human beings we are connected by one thread sufferings. May God remember you in a special way.

  • @Lalalalalkk
    @Lalalalalkk 3 года назад +2774

    "The road is like your wife , impossible to understand. You never know what's going to happen next." Truth spoken🤣🤣

    • @lydobermann6268
      @lydobermann6268 3 года назад +121

      respect to that man for standing for truth

    • @julz92589
      @julz92589 3 года назад +77

      HHahaahahahahahahahahah this is how many people relate much
      👇👇

    • @PkoRegulerA
      @PkoRegulerA 3 года назад +31

      Hahahaha,, ,it is much true like wives that people can't really understand them

    • @irvinsonkrown7591
      @irvinsonkrown7591 3 года назад +23

      Yes, indeed!

    • @ssoltys4128
      @ssoltys4128 3 года назад +68

      I bet he won’t say that to her face lol

  • @jonjosenna5581
    @jonjosenna5581 3 года назад +100

    Indian workers and drivers are more happy and jovial, than say a robotic Chinese worker.
    Everything just rolls of there back, nothing flusters them.
    Kudos to the Indian truck drivers🙏🏽

  • @arinjaidas1806
    @arinjaidas1806 2 года назад +145

    It's shocking to see how fast infrastructure has developed in the region. Just drove to Leh last month from Delhi, the roads were smooth as butter and extremely well maintained. Also, Atal Tunnel is mind numbingly long.

    • @Abhinav-dm4gc
      @Abhinav-dm4gc 2 года назад +23

      thats becuse of modi and gatkari

    • @Saurabh11566
      @Saurabh11566 Год назад +2

      I am literally in Manali right now. Travelled here from Leh yesterday. Roads are pathetic. Car got stuck like twice. There are patches of 30-40 kms where there is no road at all, just pointed stones. It was like an adventure. But never go there if youre not skilled and dont travel at night.

    • @dblissmn
      @dblissmn Год назад +2

      @@Abhinav-dm4gc Not sure how Modi is the cause of building the approach roads from 2002 to 2010 and digging the tunnel from 2010 to 2017 when he only became PM in 2014. I'd be a little concerned actually that it took almost four years, under Modi, to get from the tunnel digging being complete to it being open for traffic. While the rest of the timeline isn't all that out of the ordinary by global standards, it's worth pointing out that even the far bigger Channel Tunnel only took 2 1/2 years from breakthrough to opening. Props to the BRO though for having the vision to pursue this in the first place.

    • @Mofo.99
      @Mofo.99 Год назад

      Bahut pahle ka video bana lagta h

    • @abhilash9918
      @abhilash9918 6 месяцев назад +1

      ​@@dblissmnbruh Look at this guy. Infra is literally the strongest point of the Modi government.
      Even during the atal bihari vajpayee government there was massive infra push connecting all India together with highways.
      Starting projects and actually making sure they're completed are two different things.
      The Congress party said in the parliament "we are not developing border infrastructure because the Chinese could use it" this was the mindset of the previous government.
      This massive infra push came after 2014 when modi government was formed.
      What were they doing from 2004 till 2014? Current gov actually completed these projects under its own term.
      It's easy to announce the projects at the end of your tenure thrn claim credit for everything. Why didnt they complete it?
      Infrastructure bring developed in uttrakhand, leh Ladakh. Himachal etc is leaps and bounds ahead of what it was during congress led up government which was busy doing 1000 crore scams every other week.
      Infrastructure is something that nobody can deny because people can see it right infront of them. So you take out another angle and question the gov about '4 years' delay lol.
      Did you ask the UPA congress gov why didn't they built it in their 10 years rule?
      I know you don't like current gov but learn to give due credit instead of twisting facts nd figure.

  • @casseyvalderrama1795
    @casseyvalderrama1795 3 года назад +440

    Skilled drivers love from the Philippines God bless your people and your land. Do not let china take kashmir.

    • @SurajGupta_3D
      @SurajGupta_3D 3 года назад +5

      @Gaurav Thakur 8025 he meant leh-laddakh I think

    • @ratheeshputuvila8197
      @ratheeshputuvila8197 3 года назад +33

      If China came here our soldiers drop them from 17000 ft to hell

    • @MitulIndia
      @MitulIndia 3 года назад +9

      China...man 🖕🏿 they never came this side tho...

    • @MELAYUSIA
      @MELAYUSIA 3 года назад +14

      The world must unite against China 👹👿😈

    • @sureshshukla87
      @sureshshukla87 3 года назад +15

      Free Tibet, turkestan and Hong Kong

  • @GrandmaAbby1
    @GrandmaAbby1 3 года назад +41

    Breathtaking scenery. What a drive! Thanks for another great episode-from Canada 🇨🇦

  • @torquetrain8963
    @torquetrain8963 3 года назад +33

    After driving delivery trucks in remote Idaho on some unpaved roads, I have newfound respect for other men and women in different countries that face far more difficult situations than I do while driving. As always I love this channel and the producers of these incredible programs. Thanks!

    • @bethpelley772
      @bethpelley772 2 года назад

      I’m from Idaho. Some of those remote unsaved mountain roads, while beautiful aren’t to be trifled with.

  • @ChimeTsetan
    @ChimeTsetan 3 года назад +18

    Salute to BRO (Border Roads Organization) for keep the roads functional. The mountains are beautiful but at the same time so dynamic and treacherous. You guys rock. ✌️
    Thank you free documentaries. 🙏

  • @Look-TvOne
    @Look-TvOne Год назад +2

    Thanks!

  • @jimaforwood743
    @jimaforwood743 3 года назад +37

    I have travelled this road. As a tourist from the uk when I was 19. Something I will never forget. To see it again has bought it all back. Wow what a time. And that was in 1990!

  • @chriswachira9439
    @chriswachira9439 3 года назад +74

    Thanks alot for the free documentary anybody watching from Africa I represent Kenya 💪

    • @chriswachira9439
      @chriswachira9439 3 года назад

      Team Kenya swadakta newton team Kenya tumesafiri Sana na hii documentary 😂😂

    • @chriswachira9439
      @chriswachira9439 3 года назад

      @Newton Webster 😂😂 this documentary huwa the best atleast huwa inanipea hopes nakaa maisha sawa kabisa 😆😆😂

    • @chriswachira9439
      @chriswachira9439 3 года назад

      @Newton Webster niliangalia ya Tanzania nikaona Kenya tunaishi maisha mazuri kabisa than any other Africa country . Bwana Newton

    • @chriswachira9439
      @chriswachira9439 3 года назад

      @Newton Webster Kenya tuko sawa aky 😆😆😂 Kama distance ya kutoka Mombasa to Nairobi wanaweza chukua 3 months heri sisi it's 7 hours

    • @eileenney5604
      @eileenney5604 3 года назад +1

      Kenyan fans are many, me being one of them. Kudos for the great job you are doing, i never miss to watch any documentary you upload to this channel, they are wonderfull and they give us pictures of how the world in different areas look like. I personally appreciate your work

  • @vikastawar2810
    @vikastawar2810 3 года назад +33

    We stuck in Baralacha Pass for 5 Days in June 2019 due to excess snow and broken truck. Now Border Road Organization (BRO) have done excellent work as roads are now very smooth. This must be shot earlier as now a days roads are much better in the region.
    It's an journey which teaches you the power of nature and show us that humans are nothing in front of nature earth. My salute to all bravehearts

  • @dete5686
    @dete5686 3 года назад +16

    Thank you Narendra for connecting India even on facing deadliest wheather and harsh road conditions.🙏🙏🙏 God bless you in each of your trips and keep you safe.

  • @lacasadepapel5711
    @lacasadepapel5711 3 года назад +27

    India | A world within a World 🔥❤️

  • @rogeliofeir3762
    @rogeliofeir3762 2 года назад +3

    I am a Filipino and am retired in the Philippines. I enjoy this travel episodes. I have been to Tibet, China. Nepal, Pakistan and India. I love these countries.

  • @himachaliindian4481
    @himachaliindian4481 3 года назад +19

    I am from Himachal pradesh india and seeing this video.. It is so proud to feel seeing our trucks and also HRTC buses going on the same road... ❤

  • @bornilboruah7024
    @bornilboruah7024 3 года назад +73

    The guy with the cloth around his head is something. He can be a writer one day, fascinating words by him

    • @Hellboy2049
      @Hellboy2049 3 года назад +3

      Out there on those lonely roads, there's a lot of time for the mind to be creative and think - undistracted by the ills that the internet brings with it.

    • @asadfarraj
      @asadfarraj 11 месяцев назад

      This was filmed in the late 2000's, so times have changed a lot since then, but I imagine there's still similarities.

  • @UtkarshxKaushik
    @UtkarshxKaushik 3 года назад +72

    Love watching these documentary . These are so addictive . Thanks to free documentary for uploading them .

    • @FreeDocumentary
      @FreeDocumentary  3 года назад +5

      It’s our pleasure and our mission. Thank you!

    • @ayepweakly3564
      @ayepweakly3564 3 года назад +1

      @@FreeDocumentary do you have any docs on vaccines and their effect on the human BRAIN

  • @ioantancau5985
    @ioantancau5985 2 года назад +1

    Grazie.

  • @SanjeevShashwat
    @SanjeevShashwat Год назад +7

    This video is definitely very old.. because the situation has changed completely in the last 10 years. Now Reliance Jio's network everywhere. There are paved and wide roads, Now India is under Narendra Modi ji's government and has changed. Now Leh is a part of Ladakh, which is a Union Territory: Now lakhs of people from all over the country and abroad come to visit here every year. ❤ India

  • @sinvulakooabdul823
    @sinvulakooabdul823 3 года назад +54

    Also watching from Namibia 🇳🇦👏🔥

  • @loam6740
    @loam6740 3 года назад +229

    The duality is pretty crazy, on one side you have the guy breaking down crying because he lost his father and he is trapped in debt on the other side is the group of guys from Mumbai who are doing it as a vacation

    • @andyrbush
      @andyrbush 3 года назад +17

      Yep the same the world over. But the bikers might be considered poor in some other regions. Just be happy with what you have.

    • @andyrbush
      @andyrbush 3 года назад +4

      @SANSKAR GUPTA gs0801cs181071 I have been to India twice, I love it an amazing place full of life and enthusiastic people. Let people get on with their lives and find solutions, instead of impossing restictions.

    • @rounak5185
      @rounak5185 3 года назад +5

      @SANSKAR GUPTA gs0801cs181071 that's your reason for not improving people's lifestyle 😂
      @Andy Bush hope you visit a third time and have an exciting stay, love from India.

    • @andyrbush
      @andyrbush 3 года назад

      @ben yosep You do have a point

    • @andyrbush
      @andyrbush 3 года назад +1

      @@rounak5185 I will when the situation settles down.

  • @narrowroads3696
    @narrowroads3696 3 года назад +7

    Hats off to all the drivers who has been driven on this dangerous and adventurous road.. Thank you Free Documentry uploading this video. lots of love from Himachal 😀

  • @swapnillondhe8517
    @swapnillondhe8517 Год назад +1

    I like this Documentry & this channel is very good and the best informer 👌👌 God bless you of all the Travellers & Drivers & Presenting the of all the Documentry Team 🙏🙏 Good 👍 Documentry

  • @mohammedvaseem526
    @mohammedvaseem526 3 года назад +20

    The persons behind the camera should appreciated. What a work, the scene's from different ankles makes us we on the truk. Thankyou

  • @Mr-Nobody-K9
    @Mr-Nobody-K9 3 года назад +714

    My man, Narendra, is a master of philosophy. A few of his gems - "The road is like your wife , impossible to understand.". "When the truck is loaded I want to unload it, when it is unloaded I want to load it. It is the life of a truck-driver.

    • @sidsingh24
      @sidsingh24 3 года назад +49

      The world would never get to see this great philosopher realising it's true potential. 😭

    • @fathergascoigne4609
      @fathergascoigne4609 3 года назад +42

      @@sidsingh24 Great philosophers are always hidden from the madness of this world lol

    • @jacobsmith5543
      @jacobsmith5543 3 года назад +27

      This is soooo funny hahaha. I love how he describes his relationship with the road as a marriage

    • @faithkirsten5227
      @faithkirsten5227 3 года назад +7

      Very true😂😂😂😂

    • @Civerius
      @Civerius 3 года назад +11

      He would probably understand his wife more if he spent more time with family and less time working.
      But thats a luxury he cant afford, can he? so he makes the best of it
      Dark humor.

  • @vvs9263
    @vvs9263 3 года назад +34

    I went to Leh Ladakh on my Enfield. It’s way much adventurous and risky, but every single drop of sweat is worth it- thanks to the Himalayan food and beauty. Thanks to upload the documentary.

    • @vvs9263
      @vvs9263 3 года назад

      @Scumfuck McDoucheface yeah. It’s just a bike.

    • @mikemotorbike4283
      @mikemotorbike4283 3 года назад

      @@vvs9263 Royal Enfield is a much beloved motorbike brand made in India.
      Notice i didn't say, "it is an Indian motorcycle"...I can't word it that way because "Indian Motocycle Manufacturing Company " is yet another brand.( quixotically, a brand made in America)

  • @sekhonyekha3976
    @sekhonyekha3976 3 года назад +19

    Thank you so much for answering my request.😄 I asked you guys to cover the deadliest roads of India and you guys did it😄. So happy and grateful to have come across your channel. Thank you free documentary 😙

  • @MedaNaidu
    @MedaNaidu 3 года назад +7

    I'm also a driver & I respect my job
    Great documentary 🙏🏻🙏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻

  • @mariaguadalupelazo9577
    @mariaguadalupelazo9577 2 года назад +15

    IMPRESIONANTE. Verdaderamente impactante esta travesía. Los caminos en estos países hermanos son aleccionadores y hermosos. Y los protagonistas, son verdaderos héroes. Mi admiración y respeto por todos ellos. Y los fotógrafos, unos artistas. Desde México, un abrazo con cariño.

  • @rajanarora9525
    @rajanarora9525 3 года назад +13

    A very Big thanks to the director of photography,,videography and specially designed the music of this documentary..🤗💕
    Love you guys..
    A big salute to all of you who making this documentary 💕

  • @honeykanakkary
    @honeykanakkary 3 года назад +74

    Watched this amazing documentary from Australia. I am originally from Southern India; but been living overseas for the past two decades.. India is an incredible country as I have covered most of the South. The top most part I ever visited in India is New Delhi.. As time and situation permits I really wanted to explore the North.
    Thank you very much for the wonderfully created documentary... Liked and subscribed.

    • @Joseph-11
      @Joseph-11 3 года назад +1

      Dialogues on one end but shamelessly enjoying life in christian country.. why dont u all live in india a develop india together?

    • @mohitpal5651
      @mohitpal5651 3 года назад +2

      @@Joseph-11 here we go again... bringing relegions and stuff...typical stuff👏🏻

    • @travelwithtony5767
      @travelwithtony5767 2 года назад

      Except for the dead bodies floating along the Ganges…🤮

    • @Joseph-11
      @Joseph-11 2 года назад

      @@travelwithtony5767 its normal b******s like you hate and spread hate about motherland once you reach a Christian country.

    • @Joseph-11
      @Joseph-11 2 года назад

      @@travelwithtony5767 oombathe poda myre

  • @kevinrice4909
    @kevinrice4909 3 года назад +52

    India repairs anything amazing people.... need more like them.

    • @kevinrice4909
      @kevinrice4909 3 года назад +4

      Mold parts themselves... repair blocks pistons have blasted through.... nothing is above repair.

    • @kevinrice4909
      @kevinrice4909 3 года назад +3

      It's remove and replace in the USA we repair very little mostly replace with new....

    • @agarasudhindra1687
      @agarasudhindra1687 11 месяцев назад

      True! I took a cell phone to India which couldn’t be repaired in the US, and got it repaired to nearly new phone for less than than $15 !

  • @alexandervanwyk7669
    @alexandervanwyk7669 3 года назад

    Every now and then I'm just astonished by how well these free doc's are put together. When palm pips are harvested, for a second a shot (drone?) take some footage from behind high up in the palm tree. When these trucks pass by next to deep canyons, some footage are taken from under out of the canyon. Or footage of crazy close up repairs of trucks stuck in the mud pools in the Kongo at night. Thank you so much. Worlds respect. from Africa with Love.

  • @benisaten
    @benisaten 3 года назад +19

    Hard work man. Respect to India from 🇨🇦✌️

  • @sensodentkf3376
    @sensodentkf3376 3 года назад +94

    This is our Indian culture whenever you're in trouble someone is ready to help you .......I Love MY INDIA

    • @JuliusCaesar888
      @JuliusCaesar888 3 года назад +4

      Except if you need somewhere to go to the bathroom.

    • @_s2700
      @_s2700 3 года назад +8

      @@JuliusCaesar888 living the stereotype dream I see

    • @thonywest7201
      @thonywest7201 3 года назад

      Ho yes but you are not mention the thiefs how dangerous it's your country well that's the driver says.

    • @peace6646
      @peace6646 3 года назад +1

      @@thonywest7201 in every country too

    • @srivatsan1985
      @srivatsan1985 3 года назад +1

      @@JuliusCaesar888 who re mary who claims to be a virgin is used for that

  • @roman_panek
    @roman_panek 3 года назад +13

    These documentaries are becoming better and better with each episode! I love how straight forward it is, and how it really shows the lifes of the drivers. Please keep them coming!

  • @AbhishekKumarKing.01
    @AbhishekKumarKing.01 3 года назад +13

    I'm from Himachal Pradesh India. I loved ❤️ your chanel documentries.👍✌️

  • @lisaperry5999
    @lisaperry5999 3 года назад +11

    Look forward to going around the world every night from my comfy chair and to realize how grateful I am and nothing to complain about.
    All the drivers and people encountered on this series arkund the world are caring, hard working, positive people
    Have always wanted to visit 🇳🇵

  • @jsbedi60
    @jsbedi60 3 года назад +20

    I travelled on these roads all the time, back in the 1980s, driving a Leyland Tusker.
    Now, decades later, as a trucker in USA, I watch these videos and marvel at myself for enduring these highways when I was in my 20s, no cell phone or satellite phones and primitive conditions.
    As for bikers from Bombay and other big cities, many realize, to their regret, that the Leh highway is not the typical mountain road to a favorite resort town in the hills ..................
    " Hill Stations " as such tourist towns are called in India .

  • @sukhchainghotra23
    @sukhchainghotra23 3 года назад +157

    I am a Trucker from Canada ..I do Toronto to California round trip in 8 days Covering more then 8000km @Two and half trip a month... But salute to these Truckers Who Drive That These altitudes and Bad Roads 🙏

    • @wisevictor9751
      @wisevictor9751 3 года назад +9

      Best part for driving in you country is it is having almost the same elevation levels, where as in India you start from 200 feet above sea level to up as high as 18000 feet. And building and maintaining roads at such high altitudes is a daunting task.
      Our truckers in India are amongs the most talented and hard working. We have very high regards for them and the Border Road Organisation for keeping these roads functional for max part of year, when its not snowing.

    • @ashishvohra6429
      @ashishvohra6429 3 года назад +4

      I am also truck driber ... on Mandi Reckongpio route ... bery bery danger road but I work for roti and pehe

    • @guptatushaar
      @guptatushaar 3 года назад

      And in f*ckall trucks too...they are mostly wooden

    • @ravingagunawardana178
      @ravingagunawardana178 3 года назад +1

      You are also doing a tough job. Kudos to you too!

    • @vladprica1929
      @vladprica1929 3 года назад

      Your brothers from Brampton

  • @raybame5816
    @raybame5816 3 года назад +22

    I realize this is an older (2010) doc. but it truly shows the hazards these drivers with their old worn trucks had to confront. Many thanks for posting this and others. Kind of gives us better off world citizens some perspective.

  • @UtkarshxKaushik
    @UtkarshxKaushik 3 года назад +80

    *Lots of love to Free Documentary from INDIA* ❤

    • @FreeDocumentary
      @FreeDocumentary  3 года назад +22

      We send lots lot love back. You are from a magnificent and magical place. 🙏

    • @UtkarshxKaushik
      @UtkarshxKaushik 3 года назад +4

      @@FreeDocumentary thank you 🙏

    • @gurlabhsandhu6616
      @gurlabhsandhu6616 3 года назад

      @@FreeDocumentary no. I m from india ,it has worst government in the world.

  • @nayemahmed3086
    @nayemahmed3086 3 года назад +16

    It broke my heart when sarder ji was emotional for his father.

  • @wangpeding1538
    @wangpeding1538 2 года назад

    I ENJOY FREE DOUMENTARY BECAUSE
    IT IS THE ONLY WAY I GO ON VACATION
    FROM MY HOME. THIS ALLOWS ME TO
    SEE HOW OTHER PEOPLE LIVE.
    FREE DOCUMENTARY IS SO GOOD IN
    HELPING PEOPLE TO KNOW HOW LIFE
    IS NOT EASY BUT IT PAYS IF ONE CAN
    RISK. THANK YOU FREE DOCUMENTARY.

  • @amitkumarsingh6510
    @amitkumarsingh6510 3 года назад +5

    Finally episode based on India......many thanks.....quite informative as always

    • @FreeDocumentary
      @FreeDocumentary  3 года назад

      Many thanks for stopping by to let us know 🙏

  • @katewabwile9053
    @katewabwile9053 3 года назад +4

    🇰🇪🇰🇪🇰🇪🇰🇪 Nairobi Kenya I'm marking the addiction register!
    FD thankyou once more! Takes a serious team with alot of excellence, thick skin, excellent editors and the organizing team for us all to consume this end product. We owe you alot in Educating us.
    Asante sana. While in Kenya come I'll get you "Mutura and Matumbo Ugali pale OTC" Cheers!

    • @denniscage9436
      @denniscage9436 3 года назад

      Shida kuvote BBI ndio hii chakula tu

  • @CNDVDO
    @CNDVDO 3 года назад +45

    Now the roads are very good.
    This video was shot on 2010. Now a days (2021) Manali to Leh is having good roads with the same scenic beauty.

  • @ElliottRubsy
    @ElliottRubsy Год назад

    Dispite the relaxation an amazeness this documentaries provides it also Educative an in some way is like im listening to a preacher, the little i have here in Nigeria 🇳🇬🇳🇬🇳🇬 and I'm complaining. but this trucks drivers father died of heart attack on the way an they lost everything, this makes me shades tears. An released what a blessing an how rich I'm, believe me seing the conditions of others around the world and how the suffers to feed there families make you Humble.❤❤❤

  • @calikat1751
    @calikat1751 3 года назад

    This is one of the most exciting Dangerous road documentary so far I have seen!! Lovely Manali Leh Highway.

  • @shedrackanikwe9480
    @shedrackanikwe9480 3 года назад +23

    Love this channel they open my eyes to things that I didnt know of.

    • @FreeDocumentary
      @FreeDocumentary  3 года назад +3

      Thank you! And really, that’s the intention to open peoples eyes for different cultures and traditions and fates.
      Thank you for seeing that.

  • @solomonmwaura3003
    @solomonmwaura3003 3 года назад +51

    To the film crew that make this awesome documentaries, thankyou!!

    • @FreeDocumentary
      @FreeDocumentary  3 года назад +13

      The crew, the production companies involved, the locals, the editors and post production and distribution people - it’s all team work were very proud of. And thank you!

    • @FreeDocumentary
      @FreeDocumentary  3 года назад +5

      The crew, the production companies involved, the locals, the editors and post production and distribution people - it’s all team work were very proud of. And thank you!

    • @TejasBhaleraoVlogs
      @TejasBhaleraoVlogs 3 года назад +2

      @@FreeDocumentary Please visit now.. Roads have improved now in 2021 with Atal tunnel.. They have improved.. In 2010 there were poor due to congress government.. Now the BJP governement has made good roads.

  • @war_m_sin8985
    @war_m_sin8985 3 года назад +20

    That trucker crying touched me to the heart, May god bless him and his family!

  • @MajorMaina_M
    @MajorMaina_M 3 года назад

    Wakenya ngaangalia Most Denjaras Roads since 2020 na ngapenda hawezi kumwaya hii channel. Kemikaal!!

  • @BhartiyaHindhu
    @BhartiyaHindhu 3 года назад +1

    On a loop i am watching worlds deadliest roads in this channel, one thing i can say that i am a proud to be an INDIAN 🇮🇳 and proud to have INDIAN COMPANY TRUCK COMPANY 🚚 TATA IN MY 🇮🇳. THANK YOU RATAN TATA FOR BLESSING THE ROAD TRANSPORT WITH POWERFUL AND RELIABLE TRUCKS 🚚 IN INDIA. THANK YOU FOR DOCUMENTING INDIAN TRUCKS. JAI SRI RAM

  • @nimcoyacqub5497
    @nimcoyacqub5497 3 года назад +7

    Am addicted to this documentaries...it is such a huge knowledge to everyone in the world and at the same time one learns alot. Congrats guys for the wonderful job

  • @acikawu-tang5178
    @acikawu-tang5178 3 года назад +11

    God 🙏 please protect all these hard working beautiful people 🙏..Amen. these men and women are real, true superheroes. Work so hard. God bless them all, please protect all. Some people have no idea how easy they have it.. no joke. Makes me wake up, makes me so sad, I pray for all. It hurts my heart how hard is living in these countries. I'm sorry for long comment, just makes me sad.

  • @imslimshady
    @imslimshady 3 года назад +32

    I am from Himachal Pradesh, India and I've been through this highway. Back in 2008 i got to travel this as a student in picnic or field trip whatever you wanna call it, the scenic view is just awesome & you feel very puny in front of the huge Himalayas. Your life is at the mercy of these mountains.
    In 2019 i made a motorcycle trip with my friends & now everything is changed roads, tunnels etc i know its for the good of the people traveling in these roads the truck drivers or other people who have lost lives in these roads & nothing such happens in future. But i might have an unpopular opinion but that adventure is kinda lost now. That latest trip just didn't felt the same as it was back in 2008.
    If you are reading this comment i would recommend to travel in this highway once in your lifetime. I don't have words to explain but trust me it will be worth it. If you are scared then don't be because infrastructure is completely different now. Just visit it once...... 🏔🏔🏔

  • @RahulChoudhary-gg2co
    @RahulChoudhary-gg2co 3 года назад +4

    Salute to the truckers who drives thorough this kind of road to help our Indian Army at border...❣️❣️

  • @lim8581
    @lim8581 Год назад

    Embarking on this incredible journey through the Himalayan mountain passes in India must be a breathtaking experience. The sheer height and challenging terrain make it an awe-inspiring adventure. The sight of snow-capped peaks in summer and the diverse vegetation must be truly enchanting. Thanks for this amazing documentary!

  • @antarachakraborty5737
    @antarachakraborty5737 3 года назад +2

    A lovely piece of story wonderfully written and narrated. The backgrounded score is equally beautiful.

  • @DingteaJongte4august
    @DingteaJongte4august 3 года назад +161

    I'm from India Im respect and support 𝙁𝙧𝙚𝙚 𝘿𝙤𝙘𝙪𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙖𝙧𝙮 𝙔𝙤𝙪𝙏𝙪𝙗𝙚 𝘾𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙣𝙚𝙡

  • @ravirehan1025
    @ravirehan1025 3 года назад +5

    Free documentary Team really tq a lot one more video from india so kindly make continue series in india
    Thank a lot team

  • @mudasirfazal
    @mudasirfazal 3 года назад +4

    Enjoyed every bit of this documentary. These drivers drive not just trucks but economy of the country. Respect!

  • @Poonithara
    @Poonithara 3 года назад +57

    I've driven from Leh to Manali in a tiny 624 cc engine Tata Nano car. This was in June 2012 when I was 63 years old. It was quite an adventure. I also ascended the 18380 ft Khardung La, arguably the highest motorable pass in the world.
    Newspaper reports can be read online. Just key in the words Thomas Chacko Nano
    Thomas Chacko, Cochin, India

    • @GUITARTIME2024
      @GUITARTIME2024 3 года назад

      How did you breathe?

    • @sneedsfeed757
      @sneedsfeed757 3 года назад

      Lol you drove in a nano that used the cheapest car in the world and quite literally a tin box but looked cool

  • @helenabarnett1699
    @helenabarnett1699 3 года назад +73

    I can’t believe how little these truckers get paid for literally risking death w/ every haul they take.. & on top of that I’ve read that this profession is looked down upon in India😳 Your economy would grind to a halt w/out these guys putting their lives on the line, have some respect!!

    • @JelaDD
      @JelaDD 3 года назад +1

      Nahh nahh no

    • @alokbaluni8760
      @alokbaluni8760 3 года назад +6

      These truck drivers get harrased by police because sometimes the owner tell the driver to overload the truck. Then these drivers have to deal with police because of their masters. Also many public who drives don't like them because of their speed and size(roads are narrow).

    • @helenabarnett1699
      @helenabarnett1699 3 года назад +1

      @@alokbaluni8760 just seems like these drivers take all the risk(s) for none of the reward.

    • @iceberg789
      @iceberg789 3 года назад

      because there are too many driver than the job available. and probably also, the profits are not extraordinary.

    • @divinewind6313
      @divinewind6313 3 года назад +1

      Their life would be so much better if police and RTOs stop harrasing them for money.

  • @hadijjahnampeera8215
    @hadijjahnampeera8215 3 года назад +4

    Am a kind of person who wants to travel alot but since I haven't gotten enough money yet I always watch these documentaries they help me connect to the world where I can't reach
    👍👍👍 To you guys much love from Uganda the Pearl of Africa

  • @apooravsingh1717
    @apooravsingh1717 3 года назад +171

    19:18 In India, this profession is looked down upon whereas if we remove truckers from the economy system we'll run into financial crisis. The Drivers who are hired are paid just meagre wage. They literally take so much of risk to transport goods. Their whole life depends on it. We Indians really need to understand, until or unless we raise the status of the people involved in blue collar jobs we will not be able to compete in terms of economy with countries such as U.S., China etc. The Sikh driver in the video with tears really shook me.

    • @surajsk8659
      @surajsk8659 3 года назад +3

      Really bro.

    • @behroozkhaleghirad
      @behroozkhaleghirad 3 года назад +12

      Hello. I'm from Iran, and here truck drivers and mechanics are being looked down to for many decades. It wold be good if truckers go on strike for 2 weeks all over the world, and you will see doctors, lawyers, mayors, businessmen begging for the to return to work

    • @apooravsingh1717
      @apooravsingh1717 3 года назад +2

      @@behroozkhaleghirad Well this is quite difficult brother. As I said their whole life depends on it and they won't afford two weeks of joblessness. What we really can do is elect the people who really have raw experiences as in choosing your transport minister as someone who really has experience in logistics. Similarly in other departments like education, tourism, finance etc. In third world countries corruption is deeply rooted into the system and the system is "us". We need to change our ways and we need to teach our next generation to respect the people involved in blue collar jobs and maybe elect someone from it.

    • @vanshthakkar722
      @vanshthakkar722 3 года назад

      @@madroxx7468 she is mam😂😂😂😂

    • @eltonpereira875
      @eltonpereira875 3 года назад +5

      Absolutely Right bro..... I was truck driver in India for the first 6 years after completing my engineering. I had a passion for trucking right from high school. Once in school the teacher asked us about our ambition and I said truck driver. Everyone in the class laughed at me....

  • @meurangaweerasingha
    @meurangaweerasingha 3 года назад +7

    My Dream Destination to travel in India. Came to bed just now after watching the Legends Cricket Tournament Final. Saw your video and sleep just went away. Thanks guys. Didn't even start watching. But sure gonna love this one. Love from Sri Lanka 🇱🇰 ❤️

    • @bibinkjohn2524
      @bibinkjohn2524 3 года назад +2

      ❤️ Srilanka from India😄

    • @prudhviraj97
      @prudhviraj97 3 года назад

      My dream destination to travel Sri Lanka I'm from India 🥺

  • @jamesnewsom5899
    @jamesnewsom5899 2 года назад

    Awesome! Great story telling and imagery. Great feeling for the life of the drivers. Great presentation of their simple faith in God. Hare Krishna!

  • @integratedprecisionviticul4696
    @integratedprecisionviticul4696 3 года назад +1

    So humbling to watch these drivers who risk their lives every day support their families, truly heroes in my eyes.

  • @Invincible_joe
    @Invincible_joe 3 года назад +68

    19:19 was just heartbreaking.. I genuinely feel bad for the guy. I pray and wish he's doing well now.

    • @engadvantage
      @engadvantage 3 года назад +3

      Me too, I pray for him.

    • @vedantchorge304
      @vedantchorge304 3 года назад +3

      This is 10 years old documentary he would be good now

  • @sunilanand1007
    @sunilanand1007 3 года назад +14

    This channel is essentially what the discovery channel and natgeo USED to be. Its great!

  • @C0DEWARR10R
    @C0DEWARR10R 3 года назад +23

    Words fail to describe the range of emotions I went through riding a motorcycle across Leh Ladakh. Its something you can only experience for yourself. Highly recommended. Will definitely do it again :D

    • @doubleitp
      @doubleitp 3 года назад

      were you one of the bikers featured in this documentary?

    • @C0DEWARR10R
      @C0DEWARR10R 3 года назад +1

      @@doubleitp This is a 2010 documentary. I was 8 years late to the party XD

    • @doubleitp
      @doubleitp 3 года назад +1

      @@C0DEWARR10R i didn't realize it was a 2010 doc.. haha sorry! I just looked at the "posted date" lol

  • @shubhamgarg2001
    @shubhamgarg2001 3 года назад +40

    this is a way old footage of this manali leh highway, showing the old conditions. But now, these roads are converted into highways on major part and also, a new route has been opened for Leh, via Atul Tunnel,