Important Hanja: 내 (內) and 외 (外) (한자) | Korean FAQ
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- Опубликовано: 22 авг 2024
- 내 (內) and 외 (外) are two important Hanja that mean “inside” and “outside.” Being able to recognize their sound, even without knowing how to read or write them, can be helpful when recognizing words and even guessing the meaning of new words.
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More 한자! These are really helpful and make it easier to memorise Hanja words
Our favorite Sino-Korean/hanja resource, the _Handbook of Korean Vocabulary_ by Choo and O’Grady, lists quite a few words for 내 and 외. Here are some of the more interesting/useful ones. (I’ve include the _other_ Hanja word in these compound words as well):
*내*
내면 the inner side [~side] ~面 (e.g., 내면의 자아 “inner self”; 내면의 갈등 “inner conflict”)
내과 department of internal medicine [~department] ~科
내륙 inland [~land] ~陸 (This one is very close in pronunciation and identical in meaning to the Cantonese 內陸 _noi⁶ luk⁶_ which also means “inland”-often the Cantonese pronunciation is closer to the Korean than is the modern-day Mandarin.)
교내 intramural; on-campus [school~] 校~
내막 inside story [~curtain] ~홀
내색하다 let one’s face show [or betray] one’s thoughts [~color] ~色
*외*
외등 outdoor lamp [~lamp] ~燈
외식* eating out [~eat] ~食
외과 department of external medicine [~department] ~科 (External medicine might be dermatology and cosmetic surgery but I’m not sure if it’s really a thing.)
해외 overseas [seas~] 海~
외래어 loanword [~come word] ~來語
예외 exception [to the rule] [usual~] 例~
예상외 unexpectedness [expectation~] 豫想~
외면* turning one’s face away; looking away [~face] ~面
*These combine with 하다 to form a verb.
Would you ever consider making a playlist of your hanja videos? I find them super helpful and having them all in one place like a little mini-series would be so helpful!! Also thank you Billy for your videos, they've been so incredibly helpful!!!
i am chinese-korean and i've always found it so fascinating that the korean hanja, japanese kanji and chinese hanzi all have different variants but as chinese people we can still recognize them and know which of the countries its from. it's hard to show specifically via technology because depending on which of the three languages you have your phone set to or use the most then the characters will always appear different. in the case of 内 and 外 it's just an extra stroke or an extended line difference but to most people is insignificant but is so interesting to me how the three countries, who all simultaneously use chinese characters to some extent, are still so individual and unique!
What is your mother tongue? I ask because you say you're Chinese-Korean, yet your English is quite superb! It seems to be at or very near native level. A lot of native speakers have a poorer writing ability than you appear to have, lol!
@@fransmith3255 Thank you so much for your kind comment! :) I just learned English from school, watching TV dramas and I have a lot of English speaking friends too! English is taken very seriously by a lot of Asian countries from my experience so I also used to go to a lot of English cram schools. However, I still lack in some areas such as speaking so I feel my ability to write and read is much better than my speaking ability :)
This is a complete guess, but I wonder if women used to more often move away from their family when they got married and live closer to their husband’s family? That could also explain why the father’s relatives would be “close” and the mother’s “outside”.
I wasn't able to find the official reason, but I'm curious to know as well :)
It's likely from ancient chinese culture even before korea came about. When a daughter got into a marriage, they are 'married out' of the family. Hence, the family name is passed down by the males and why sons are preferred over daughters. There's also a chinese saying that a married daughter is like spilt water which means she is no longer a member of the family.
So 친 is used for father side of the family which means related/closeness as they are considered in the family while 외 is used for the mother side as it means outside of the family.
고마워요 Billy 님.
I like that you explain the origin of the words. It helps make connections and is easier to memorize.
More hanja please :)
Seconded!
내외(내+외) - about, around (for example 500자 내외, 10분 내외, 5% 내외)
내성적/내향적 - introverted
구내식당 - cafeteria (구내 meaning inside a building)
내시경 - endoscope(a camera they put inside of you to look at your insides)
and
외향적 - extroverted
소외 - exclusion, isolation (being left out and not feeling like you belong)
섭외 - casting, inviting (like if a youtuber asks a celebrity to come on to their youtube channel that’s 섭외)
외모 - appearance (how you look on the outside)
의외 - something unexpected (outside of your expectations)
more 한자!! it's really hard for me to get into hanja on my own, that's why i'm so so grateful for your hanja videos and i appreciate all your hard work that goes into making them!!! (first words that came to mind were 내용, 내면 and 야외 ㅋㅋㅋ)
야외, do you know him?
Chinese also use 外 for maternal grandparents, and yes it's because traditional family structure is Patriacha, so relatives from mother side are considered as outsiders.
In Mandarin:
外公 mean maternal grandpa
外婆 mean maternal grandma
So, your theory about Patriachal society is 100% correct.
감사합니다 빌리 선생님! This lesson was super helpful, I hope you post more! I just came across 외삼촌 in a kdrama I'm watching, so hearing the explanation was nice!
빌리 선생님의 한자 교과서는 언제 나오겠습니까? 🤔 ❤️😁 Looking forward to the day you publish a textbook on Hanja.
I would need to do a ton of work to make something like that. There are already a lot of great books out there for learning Hanja (including ones written in Korean), so it would be tough to make something that's my own and unique.
@@GoBillyKorean Yes, that’s right. There are already many books on hanja out there, but, Billy, there is only one Go! Billy Korean. 😃 I loved the way you’ve taught Korean in all three of your textbooks and the reading book. 🙏🏻 I know these things can be a tough business decision. There’s only so much time in life (I own my own business - different field - so I can see where you might be coming from). I just thought that maybe if you produce enough of these videos and receive enough positive feedback it might be worthwhile to produce another book. That’s all. 😃 Love your work! ❤️
Hanja lessons are great! They give access to so many more words.
with these episodes more words are making sense to me and now it's becoming more easy to memorize,감사합니다 선생님!!
Hi billy😊 please do more of 한자 lessons. It's really helpful for vocabularies. Thank you 😊
this is super useful please make more 한자 videos! thank you for making this :)
I'd love to see more videos about hanja!
I learned a lot! Thanks Billy!
So 외 for your mother's side might be how East Asian family's are structured traditionally. I believe it to be based around Confucianism and other works. In China, Korea and ever further out, your daughter after marriage is suppose to no longer be part of your family unit but rather her husband's. So there are Chinese characters 嫁 and 娶, though they don't seem commonly used in Korean. The 1st is woman + home so it means a woman is to be married into the new family. The 2nd is take/obtain + woman so it became to mean to take a woman from her home into yours. It's possible that Korea might have long used the words outside to refer to the mothers side (I don't know) but the heavy Confucianism that was brought in surely had a significant effect.
That would be amazing billy!
Hey billy i love your videos and I hope you keep doing this amazing work!! 💙
외근 - working outside of the office
외식 - eat out
한자어는 한국어 어휘 확장의 좋은 방법이죠.
That was really helpful. 👍
I love Hanja🤍!! I‘d appreciate more Hanja-lessons
more of these please ❤😍👍
More hanja!
Thank you for your work and sharing this information. I’m now thinking this might be integral in learning Korean, or would you say enhances other ways of learning? I’ve checked, don’t think you have a playlist for Hanja.
ruclips.net/video/ExaFV19R-qU/видео.html
Please more videos of 한자♥!!
Ok, question 🙋🏻♀️ I'm not sure I'm getting this Hanja thing:
내 and 외 are the way those Chinese characters sound, but written with 한글.
내 and 외 don't have the meaning of inside and outside in Korean, on their own, but when used in other words, they carry that meaning. ...is that it? 😅
Yes, just the Hanja. Otherwise, the word for "inside" is 안, and "outside" is 밖.
외 is the Sino-Korean pronunciation which is often used in compound words while 바깥 is the native Korean equivalent. It's like how you use Latin loanword 'aqua' in aquarium while using native English word 'water' in ordinary situations.
@@GoBillyKorean Thanks for the reply! 🙂
@@user-nc5yc9es6j Thank you! That's a great example 😀
Charlie Puth?