The part of jade is not perfectly correct. Technically there are two stones. Jadeite and nephrite. In old times, people considered them as being only one gem: jade. And e.g. in polish there are all three words Żad (archaic, from french jade) - jade Jadeit - jadeite; today also jade in general Nefryt - nephrite
@@макслюлюкинпотому-что изумруд образовано от греческого слово "смарагд", а форма изумруд попала из тюркских языков, а в тюркский из персидского, а в персидский из греческого.
In Belarusian (as in Russian), unstressed O is pronounced almost like an A. This means that several cognates between Belarusian and Russian are written differently (Russian follows an etymological transcription of the sounds, i.e. root and terminations don't show the results of sound changed, e.g. солнце, "Sun", has a silent L) but pronounced almost the same way (горад vs город, "city").
Those videos are super cool to watch, you get a better grasp on how languages are similar or different from each other when you have it shown in one picture. Thanks
Fun facts: The Turkish word for pearl "inci" comes from Middle Chinese cincua (modern Mandarin zhenzhu) Margarine is derived from the Greek word for pearl. When first invented it was called oleomargarine, which was supposed to mean "pearly olive oil" The English word Pearl is derived from Latin "perna" which means, strangely enough, leg. Apparently Romans thought oyster meat tasted a lot like meat from a lamb's leg, so they colloquially called oysters legs.
Interestingly enough Turkish properly distinguishes between the spherical pearl gems, inci, and their actual material, sedef. In English sedef is just called pearl or mother of pearl, which I find so funny~
@@CYbeRuKRaINiaN To be fair, he or she didn't wrote that old russian should be in video.Just wrote that before was different name for that two stones.Thats all.
@@ivansemyonov5891 ну вообще, старорусский - это язык с 14го по 17ый век до Петровских реформ, так что тот комментатор ошибся, но многие слова, которые использовались до 18го/19го или 20го века сейчас не используются. То, что язык не поменялся, не означает, что в нём не изменились слова или не исчезли редкие варианты синонимов
I interpret his mapping as not considering the waters of the Caspian Sea as being part of his vision of Europe. I see that he considers Europe’s political boundary at the shores of the Caspian but not including its waters.
Elmas/Almas/Almaz is a loanword from Arabic. Turkish has Pırlanta, which is polished diamond. Zümrüt etc. is also a loanword from Arabic. Yakut and Lali (I believe) are also loanword from Arabic. Yeşim/Yaşma is a loanword from Farsi, originally from Akkadian Language.
Diamond is considered Turkic, and according to other sources, Greek, not Arabic. Also, the zumrut is not an Arabic word, it is also a borrowing in Arabic from Greek.
Incorrect, Almas is a loanword from Farsi. Pırlanta is a loanword from French or Italian "Brillante". It's not the same thing as a diamond. Yakut is a loanword from Arabic but ultimately it comes from Greek "Hyakinthos". Zümrüt is also an Persian loanword with a Greek root "smaragdos"
Most words that come from the substrate tell you something about the culture of the people that live there. If the words for plants come from it, it was probably an agricultural culture that was already used to its old words. That begs the question, what in the world were the Finns doing with pearls before the arrival of the Finno-Ugric?
Estonian has the cognate: helmes. Helmes (bead/droplet) and pärl aren't exactly the same... Pärl/pearl is a side-produce by molluscs in specific - although some people use pearls more widely for imitations too, especially for those made of glass, porcelain, etc. Helmes could be made of rock, class, jewel, wood, etc. The most naturally occurring base for it would be the frost beads or water droplets occurring on the surface - something quite graceful, delicate, and pure seeming (for your question, they certainly had at least as much even at the paleo) - latter it became to mean something small and round in general, especially of elegant and delicate kind. Technically, in jewelry, pearl are seen as more specific subset of the "helmes".
@@bluemym1nd well, we can't be too confident in what those terms exactly meant for pre bronze age locals. But we do know that the term is associated with frost in the Finnic languages. Likely approximate terms to "helmes" are "helves" and "helbeke" (a flake, especially a snowflake). What I've understood, the etymology is uncertain, but it's likley substrate word. Etymology mentions possible ancient associations with amber and droplet/bead. * en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amber_Road It also seems rather unlikely that they had much business with the molluscs of the kind. But jewelery and concepts like rosary and prayer beads are at least medieval already (whence Estonian terms like: helmeskee and palvehelmed). Also likley explanation for why pearls became something more specific.
Diamont: originates from the greek word adamantas, un + tame, meaning the stone that we cannot "tame", or we cannot process with any other material. Amethyst: from the greek word amethystos, un + drunk, according to the belief of Romans that they will not get drunk if they wear an amethyst as a necklace or so...
@@theSilkovskiyв русском также есть слово диамант (и бриллиант). То же касается и жемчуга -- есть и синонимы "перл" и "бисер", хоть исходное значение теперь используется редко. Есть ещё и слово яшма (это к нефриту). Увы, синонимика в этих роликах зачастую не принимается во внимание.
Очень здесь много русских, но большинство из них пишет комменты на английском😂 А ещё турецкий и Азербайджанский очень сильно похожие и понятные друг другу языки
@@Olga-de3ruизумруд образовано от смарагд греческое слово, но в тюркском языке оно оказалось в форме изумруд и так попало в русский, но это все слова из древне-греческого, почти все слова в этом видео являются древне-греческими
Nephite and jadeite (jade) are two chemically distinct minerals. Which one left its mark in this or that region's history... it's complicated ;) As a side not, it's quite odd to see sapphire and amethyst in the same line as precious stone. I might be partial though here; my grandfather was a geologist who collected tons of shiny and completely worthless amethyst and agate geodes. These were an unwanted byproduct of mining, usually just dumped in heaps of waste.
No, actually yakut comes from the word "yaka" which can be interpreted as edge,frontier (though its more oftenly used as "collar"). But there may be a connection between yakut as gem and Yakuts. Important to note that Yakutia has very rich in terms of mining and maybe turkic peoples first introduction to gem was through yakuts so they called it yakut(this is just my theory though).
No, nefryt comes from latin, which comes from Greek, which comes from ancient greek where the direct meaning was kidney stones. Nefryt (kidney stones) was thought at the time to cure renal diseases. Kidney stones was also translated in vulgar latin, which became Spanish as piedra de ijada. The "i" was removed so now you've got jade and nephrite. So no link between nefryt and Nefertiti (which means beautiful disc of Aten) whom her end is still speculated If there are any mistake don't hesitate to correct it.
No, it comes from a Greek word for kidney ("nephrite") one of the two stones labeled jade is properly nephrite. The word jade comes from a term meaning "flank" pit of the beliefe that jade could heal the kidneys
This perfectly displays how Russia and Belarus are Turkic byproducts cosplaying as Slavic. Also nefrit is a word in Turkish too; only it means nephrite, not jade. Seems like some languages couldn't distinguish the two back in the day.
What any of these words is Slavic by origin? Correct, noone! No difference from what side they are loaned: from Western Europe or from Perso-Arabic world. Moreover, some of them are originally from Middle East/Central Asia: marvârid/margharita or birüza/firuzeh, etc.
A pearl is „margarita” in Latin (feminine noun I declension). For example: „Margarita ante porcos est!” (The pearl is before swine!). This is what is said when someone has said something very wise for no reason to a stupid person, because the stupid person didn't understand.
nothing strange, Russia bordered first with the Ottoman Empire, and then with Turkey, there were only 19 wars, many Turkic-speaking peoples live in Russia between the countries, well, trade between neighbors brings new words into the everyday life of peoples, there are also many Iranian-language names, as well as many Anglicisms, French and German words, there are and slightly modified Arabic words, also brought by merchants in the Middle Ages.The language is constantly changing, which is supplemented by relevant ones in real time, some words go away and become obsolete and are used mainly in historical literary works or poetry.
Nephrite / nefritis and all equivalents come from the Greek word nefró which means kidney because it's speculated the Ancient Greeks thought it resembled a kindney stone or that it protected against it. Amethyst, Améthystos in Greek, means "non-intoxicated" because Ancient Greeks believed these gemstones protected from drunkenness and so they decorated theselves or their cups with amethysts.
2:23 This made me realize that the name " marguerite" for daisy flowers, probably come from the greek word for pearl, due to the white petals.
The part of jade is not perfectly correct. Technically there are two stones. Jadeite and nephrite. In old times, people considered them as being only one gem: jade. And e.g. in polish there are all three words
Żad (archaic, from french jade) - jade
Jadeit - jadeite; today also jade in general
Nefryt - nephrite
True
Thanks for the information.
I am bulgarian, never heard of smaragd but if heard of izumrud
You don't know the language very well then.
@Smartness_itself haven't heard of a word = don't know the language
Thank you for letting me know
In Russia, izumrud was also called Smaragd, but now it is considered an outdated word and is more common in the literature about old times
@@макслюлюкин And in Russian we also have word "Диамант" (Diamond), but mow it considered and outdated word
@@макслюлюкинпотому-что изумруд образовано от греческого слово "смарагд", а форма изумруд попала из тюркских языков, а в тюркский из персидского, а в персидский из греческого.
Everyone: Opal
Belarus: Apal
Also everyone: Amethyst
@@nathancomixproductions466 But Spanish (am→a←tista).
In Belarusian (as in Russian), unstressed O is pronounced almost like an A. This means that several cognates between Belarusian and Russian are written differently (Russian follows an etymological transcription of the sounds, i.e. root and terminations don't show the results of sound changed, e.g. солнце, "Sun", has a silent L) but pronounced almost the same way (горад vs город, "city").
@@Valerio_the_wandering_sprite Очень интересно.
@@Valerio_the_wandering_sprite "горад" - слова зь наркамаўкі - варыянта беларускай мовы штучна набліжаны да расейскай. У тарашкевіцы - места.
Those videos are super cool to watch, you get a better grasp on how languages are similar or different from each other when you have it shown in one picture. Thanks
Fun facts: The Turkish word for pearl "inci" comes from Middle Chinese cincua (modern Mandarin zhenzhu)
Margarine is derived from the Greek word for pearl. When first invented it was called oleomargarine, which was supposed to mean "pearly olive oil"
The English word Pearl is derived from Latin "perna" which means, strangely enough, leg. Apparently Romans thought oyster meat tasted a lot like meat from a lamb's leg, so they colloquially called oysters legs.
I suppose russian zhemchug has the same etymology.
In portuguese leg is "perna"
yingçi?
@@supramur yes, it is
Interestingly enough Turkish properly distinguishes between the spherical pearl gems, inci, and their actual material, sedef. In English sedef is just called pearl or mother of pearl, which I find so funny~
Actually in old Russian (before 1918) There were also the words "Smograd" and "Diamant"
But why should old Russian be in the video? We don't include old English or old French either.
@@CYbeRuKRaINiaN To be fair, he or she didn't wrote that old russian should be in video.Just wrote that before was different name for that two stones.Thats all.
В 1918 году русский язык не поменялся, изменилась только орфография и алфавит
@@LauraArniman Yeah, I interpreted the comment like they are accusing the autor in an error
@@ivansemyonov5891 ну вообще, старорусский - это язык с 14го по 17ый век до Петровских реформ, так что тот комментатор ошибся, но многие слова, которые использовались до 18го/19го или 20го века сейчас не используются. То, что язык не поменялся, не означает, что в нём не изменились слова или не исчезли редкие варианты синонимов
In Ukrainian it's "Perlyna" or "Perla", "Perly" is a plural form.
This video deserves a second part, there are many missing gems (garnet, topaz, lapis lazuli, aquamarine, bismuth, etc)
For real
Producing these videos is really tiring and takes a lot of time. I'll try to do it later. I'm glad you liked it.
Все: Рубин
Турция и Азербарджан: Якут
Why is the Caspian sea dark grey?
Dirty water
Caspian oil
I interpret his mapping as not considering the waters of the Caspian Sea as being part of his vision of Europe.
I see that he considers Europe’s political boundary at the shores of the Caspian but not including its waters.
Are they stupid?
Biser in old Russia were called small river pearls
Good video. But jade is 'nefriit' in Estonian, not 'jade'.
Нефрит, жадеит и яшма это разные камни
Interesting, "yashma" is a different gemstone in Russian 🤔🤔 (jasper)
In Ukrainian, "almaz" (алмаз) is an uncut diamond.
And a cut almaz is called "diamant" (діамант).
And the word "perly" (перли) is the plural form.
Can you please get a map with some cleaner borders 😭 Donegal is very much NOT part of Northern Ireland
Elmas/Almas/Almaz is a loanword from Arabic. Turkish has Pırlanta, which is polished diamond.
Zümrüt etc. is also a loanword from Arabic.
Yakut and Lali (I believe) are also loanword from Arabic.
Yeşim/Yaşma is a loanword from Farsi, originally from Akkadian Language.
Yav he
Mal aq 😂
Diamond is considered Turkic, and according to other sources, Greek, not Arabic. Also, the zumrut is not an Arabic word, it is also a borrowing in Arabic from Greek.
Bağırtma amk, altay dağlarındaki Batırcan da mı arapçadan elmas öğrendi.
Incorrect, Almas is a loanword from Farsi.
Pırlanta is a loanword from French or Italian "Brillante". It's not the same thing as a diamond.
Yakut is a loanword from Arabic but ultimately it comes from Greek "Hyakinthos".
Zümrüt is also an Persian loanword with a Greek root "smaragdos"
Most words that come from the substrate tell you something about the culture of the people that live there. If the words for plants come from it, it was probably an agricultural culture that was already used to its old words. That begs the question, what in the world were the Finns doing with pearls before the arrival of the Finno-Ugric?
Estonian has the cognate: helmes.
Helmes (bead/droplet) and pärl aren't exactly the same...
Pärl/pearl is a side-produce by molluscs in specific - although some people use pearls more widely for imitations too, especially for those made of glass, porcelain, etc.
Helmes could be made of rock, class, jewel, wood, etc. The most naturally occurring base for it would be the frost beads or water droplets occurring on the surface - something quite graceful, delicate, and pure seeming (for your question, they certainly had at least as much even at the paleo) - latter it became to mean something small and round in general, especially of elegant and delicate kind. Technically, in jewelry, pearl are seen as more specific subset of the "helmes".
@KohaAlbert ah, I see. So helmi had a different original meaning that got attributed to pearls. Thank you for the explanation!
@@bluemym1nd well, we can't be too confident in what those terms exactly meant for pre bronze age locals.
But we do know that the term is associated with frost in the Finnic languages.
Likely approximate terms to "helmes" are "helves" and "helbeke" (a flake, especially a snowflake).
What I've understood, the etymology is uncertain, but it's likley substrate word.
Etymology mentions possible ancient associations with amber and droplet/bead.
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amber_Road
It also seems rather unlikely that they had much business with the molluscs of the kind.
But jewelery and concepts like rosary and prayer beads are at least medieval already (whence Estonian terms like: helmeskee and palvehelmed). Also likley explanation for why pearls became something more specific.
This is speculation but Gyöngi and İnci may actually be of the same origin.
Right, from old Chinese
Exactly!
Diamont: originates from the greek word adamantas, un + tame, meaning the stone that we cannot "tame", or we cannot process with any other material.
Amethyst: from the greek word amethystos, un + drunk, according to the belief of Romans that they will not get drunk if they wear an amethyst as a necklace or so...
"Nefryt" more popular than "jadeit" in Polish, probably.
These are two different minerals. Check even in wikipedia ffs...
@@iamweasel_ I will check it. Thanks (in advance).
Correctly in Ukrainian it is a "DIAMANT", not a "ALMAZ"
Actually, we have 2 synonyms for this word, so both are correct
Why do I have a feeling that it's correct only since the war?
@@theSilkovskiyв русском также есть слово диамант (и бриллиант).
То же касается и жемчуга -- есть и синонимы "перл" и "бисер", хоть исходное значение теперь используется редко.
Есть ещё и слово яшма (это к нефриту).
Увы, синонимика в этих роликах зачастую не принимается во внимание.
Діамант це оброблений алмаз. Саме каміння алмаз, а прикраса це діамант.
Only DIAMANT@@theSilkovskiy
Очень здесь много русских, но большинство из них пишет комменты на английском😂 А ещё турецкий и Азербайджанский очень сильно похожие и понятные друг другу языки
Язык международного общения, что не так?
Fajniej byłoby gdyby odrazu się pojawiało wszystko na mapie bo trochę nudno czekać ale i tak spoko bo podoba mi się tan podkład. Btw dzięki za odp.
This way it may take a little longer, but the differences and similarities become clearer and it becomes more memorable.
In Arabic 💕
Almaas
Zumurrud
Yaquut
Yashum
Safeer
Lu'lu'a
opal
Jamasht or Banfash or Ametist
So cool
Turks call Jade "yeşim" Which does have an Arabic origin, but Turks changed the word a bit to make it sound like their word for green ( yeşil )
Изумруд и Esmerald очевидно одно и тоже слово. Я бы не стал их в разные записывать.
Да, это наверняка когнаты, но учитывая, что в старорусском использовалось именно слово "смарагд", показ отличия имеет смысл.
@@Olga-de3ruизумруд образовано от смарагд греческое слово, но в тюркском языке оно оказалось в форме изумруд и так попало в русский, но это все слова из древне-греческого, почти все слова в этом видео являются древне-греческими
3:16 herkes : rubis : türkiye yakut
Emerald, Smaragd and Izumrud are cognates. It must all be green.
Yakut in Turkish: 💎🔴
Yakut in Russian: 💪🥸🤌
Nephite and jadeite (jade) are two chemically distinct minerals. Which one left its mark in this or that region's history... it's complicated ;)
As a side not, it's quite odd to see sapphire and amethyst in the same line as precious stone. I might be partial though here; my grandfather was a geologist who collected tons of shiny and completely worthless amethyst and agate geodes. These were an unwanted byproduct of mining, usually just dumped in heaps of waste.
Djament(Almaz is also used)
Smaragd
Rubyn
Jadeyt(Nefryt is also used)
Safyr
Perþa
Opal
Ametyst
In Slovian🇲🇹
Icelandic word for jade is jaði, not jade.
And ametist is blákvars.
In old style russian diamond was also "diamant" and both names are correct for russian language.
0:12
Fun fact: Elmas word It came from Arabic to Turkish and from Turkish to Russian
0:58 Likewise the word yakut
It came from Arabic
Nephrite is a variety of jade. Jadeite is the second variety
Diamant, esmeralda, rubí, chade, zafir, perla, opalo, ametista (aragonese)
Fun fact, in Romanian an old word for pearls is mărgăritare.
Persian: marvârid
Are we gonna ignore that caspian sea is marked as land?
yes it's not even important in this video
Caspian is not a sea, its a lake
Теперь друга якута буду рубином называть:)
рубик-жан ))
De ädelsteinen in de Intergermanisch språk:
Diamant
Smaragd
Rubin
Jade
Safir
Perle
Opal
Ametist
Прикольно. А разве Эсмеральд и Изумруд не похожи? Яшму и Нефрит в русском и то и то используют, я их часто путаю.
0:55 all Indo-European and Utalic languages call it by some variation of Ruby.
0:56 после этого в Якутске начался сущий скандал
Может поэтому Якутия и называется Якутией? А вот сами якуты называют себя сахами.
@@aruuitoэто совпадение
1:45 Gökyakut?
Please include Basque and Maltese languages in the next episodes, it would be interesting to see words that are not from indo-eruopean origin
In Polish nefryt, not jadeit.
Both
1:20 Estonia is Nefriit not Jade.
in georgian it's both ალმასი (almasi) and ბრილიანტი (briliant'i)
In belarusian and ukrainian it is Diamant not Almaz bro
В українській мові слово "діамант" означає оброблений алмаз
@@НазарДорош-ж1ш
В русском тогда "Бриллиант"
both are correct, so there's no mistake
@zeroman6989 ok maybe in ukrainian but I have never heard of almaz is belaruisan
@@Черепабло I'm too, but the dictionary says that both are correct, but for me "дыямент" is more common
Does this mean that Yakutia is named after the word for "red" in Turkic languages? Or is it a false cognate?
Red - in Turkish languages it sounds like “Qırmızı" or "Al"or "Qızıl.” And the word Yakut is translated as diamonds
@ibrahimdeve6058 In the video, Yakut is shown as the translation of "ruby" in Turkish.
@@Valerio_the_wandering_sprite yes, sorry "Yakut", translated as ruby, and "Pirlanta" is like a diamond
No, actually yakut comes from the word "yaka" which can be interpreted as edge,frontier (though its more oftenly used as "collar"). But there may be a connection between yakut as gem and Yakuts. Important to note that Yakutia has very rich in terms of mining and maybe turkic peoples first introduction to gem was through yakuts so they called it yakut(this is just my theory though).
@@bruhus_momentum
No, Yakutia is Russian colonization's word for Sakha
Лал как обозначение шпинели было и в руссском, сейчас это слово считается устаревшим, но Пушкин использовал его в своей поэзии.
Diamond and almaz both comes from akkadian adamu or elmēšu it is just pronounciation difference
Українською мовою буде діамант, а не алмаз!
Ruby is Jaqut in Kazakh
Gyöngy and inci are read similar to eachother.
Also world nefryt is used in polish becouse jadeit refears too only green variety of that mineral and nefryt too that mineral as whole
*Polish, my *Polish bro.
1:29 Does the Slavic name for Jade being Nefryt connected to the Egyptian Queen Nefertiti? Or how do you write the name in Engliah
No, nefryt comes from latin, which comes from Greek, which comes from ancient greek where the direct meaning was kidney stones. Nefryt (kidney stones) was thought at the time to cure renal diseases.
Kidney stones was also translated in vulgar latin, which became Spanish as piedra de ijada.
The "i" was removed so now you've got jade and nephrite. So no link between nefryt and Nefertiti (which means beautiful disc of Aten) whom her end is still speculated
If there are any mistake don't hesitate to correct it.
No, it comes from a Greek word for kidney ("nephrite") one of the two stones labeled jade is properly nephrite. The word jade comes from a term meaning "flank" pit of the beliefe that jade could heal the kidneys
Jade in russian literally is Zhadeit! Nefrit is a different stone, though it's green too.
Jadeite is a separate term for a mineral, not the stone itself.
Emerald is Zübarjat in Kazakh
zumiret & zubarjat are synonyms
В русском языке актуальным является как слово "алмаз", так и "диамант"
This perfectly displays how Russia and Belarus are Turkic byproducts cosplaying as Slavic.
Also nefrit is a word in Turkish too; only it means nephrite, not jade. Seems like some languages couldn't distinguish the two back in the day.
What any of these words is Slavic by origin? Correct, noone! No difference from what side they are loaned: from Western Europe or from Perso-Arabic world. Moreover, some of them are originally from Middle East/Central Asia: marvârid/margharita or birüza/firuzeh, etc.
A pearl is „margarita” in Latin (feminine noun I declension). For example: „Margarita ante porcos est!” (The pearl is before swine!). This is what is said when someone has said something very wise for no reason to a stupid person, because the stupid person didn't understand.
Everything starting from Greece then spreading east and West
Greece has tge original words
Nefrit and Jadeit are different minerals.
Ukrainian Perly or perlyny - its plural, singular one is perla or perlyna
В Україні діамант.
Діамант це прикраса, а алмаз це каміння.
No cyprus😢
Jadeite is a different stone than nephrite.
Gyöngy and inci have the same root
Long ahh hatay💪💪💪💪💪🇹🇷😭😭
Skinny ahh istanbul 😭🇹🇷🗿
It's diamant in Ukrainian, not Almaz
Ukrainian diamant is english brilliant, ukrainian almas is english diamond.
Weird how many gemstone names in Russian come from Turkic languages.
nothing strange, Russia bordered first with the Ottoman Empire, and then with Turkey, there were only 19 wars, many Turkic-speaking peoples live in Russia between the countries, well, trade between neighbors brings new words into the everyday life of peoples, there are also many Iranian-language names, as well as many Anglicisms, French and German words, there are and slightly modified Arabic words, also brought by merchants in the Middle Ages.The language is constantly changing, which is supplemented by relevant ones in real time, some words go away and become obsolete and are used mainly in historical literary works or poetry.
More direct trade with Central Asian and Middle Eastern nations shows its way
Georgian language is not european
Do periodic elements
Hydrogen in german - wasserstoff
@priyanthisandarath1365 bin selber deutsch
Не алмаз, а брильянт
A pearl is not a gemstone!!!
Crystal gems... ASSEMBLE
In Belarus Dyjamant(Дыямант), not "almaz". Smahard(Смагард), not "izumrud". Niefryt(Нефрыт), not Nietryt.
Росіфікація Беларусі 😢 That’s why
Диамант это бриллиант
Алмаз это неогранённый, а дыямант уже огранённый. А смарагд и ізумруд это синонимы, так что не чешите
Nephrite / nefritis and all equivalents come from the Greek word nefró which means kidney because it's speculated the Ancient Greeks thought it resembled a kindney stone or that it protected against it.
Amethyst, Améthystos in Greek, means "non-intoxicated" because Ancient Greeks believed these gemstones protected from drunkenness and so they decorated theselves or their cups with amethysts.
Лал по-старорусски рубин. Заимствовано с Востока
Лал по старорусски шпинель, рубин это яхонт.эксперд
@ImyaFamilia-r8z
Яхонт -- это неопределённый драгоценный камень
Ruby-Jaqūt
Diamon - ukr Diamant
In Estonian nefriit, not jade.
Diamond=Armenian «Adamánd»
Gyöngy ❤❤
in Ukrainian diamant
İran avrupa dili seni aptal Türkiye ve Azerbaycan değil 😂
Шах и мат, аметисты!
Ruby is Soutak in Armenian, saphir is Shapyougha,