I honestly did not add it because it was almost the same in all languages except english "pineapple" and spanish "piña", so it was a pretty homogenous map ;) maybe for the next one
@@gustavoloriano2221 I visited Portugal a few weeks ago and there was a pineapple stand near the beach dubbed "Ananas", so I am not sure what you mean. Maybe it's a quirk of Brazilian Portuguese? I'm pretty sure "abacaxi" is a derivative of ananas anyways, so it would work out either way.
@@Frxzt In Portugal ananás and abacaxi are slightly different types of pineapple, ananás is the most used word. However in Brazil they use abacaxi mostly
Actually "moron" means "carrots" (plural), the singulative form is longer - "moronen". Likewise "adar" means "birds" ("aderyn" = "bird") and "plant" means "children" ("plentyn" = "child") etc.
Although for ireland (and I assume scotland), he only marked the west (and northern) places even though the entirety of ireland knows what (most) different food are in irish
@@matthiasbachetzky3085 There are not different things. Which dialect regions uses which term predominantly I honestly don’t know but all Germans know them and perceive them as standard (high) German. Also Mohrrübe is known by every German I dare say. As a contrast: „Grumbeere“ is a dialect term for potatoe which is only known to people in very specific regions. Such a word I would not have suggested as an alternative for „Kartoffel“
They also split Belgium in half to account for both French and Flemish. And more so, it's not "just the same as Dutch", it actually shows where the vocab differs in spelling. It's really nice attention to detail. 😊
3:55 - Cheese In italian we say also "cacio", coming from latin "caseus". This might explain the origin of the words into green areas. This king of argument could be done for other words too, many come from latin and every language slightely changed the original sound/word
It's interesting to see, how older words like *apple*, *honey*, or *milk* are clearly separated by each ethnic group (ger/slav/lat/ugro).....and then words like *cinnamon* and *potato* (which came much later) were already established by each formed nation individually ..or by unions (f.ex. Yugoslavia).
Very interesting, also Moloko->Mleko->Melk->Molke->Milch->Milk is like transformation of same word east to west... you can paint them in same color practically. If you would have word "Water", it would be the same result practically from Slavic "Voda" to English - "Water" all Europe, except of "Aqua" for Latin group.
That is because most European languages belong to the Indo-European language family. Milk and Moloko as well as Water and Woda are not borrowings one of the other but are instead inherited from a common ancestor of Slavic and Germanic languages. Slavic, Germanic, Romance, Celtic, Greek, Albanian, Armenian, Iranian and Indo-Aryan are all language groups belonging to the wider Indo-European language family, with common ancestors speaking a language linguists refer to as Proto-Indo-European, which is the ancestral language to all of these languages, and which was spoken 6,000 years ago on the steppes of Ukraine and South Russia.
When somebody put water to us we say me kvasi. Which is connected to Aqua. If you remove A from Aqua you got Qua or Kva(kvasi-to put water). So all european languages come from Serbian which is predecessor to Latin. Its joke dont get hyped up. But the fact is kva or akva(aqua) are connected for sure.
In Greek water is very different it is called "νερό" pronounced "nero" with the accent on the letter "o". The ancient Greek word which can be used today too everyone knows is quite different too, " Ύδωρ " pronounced something like "Ethor" with the accent on the letter Y, the E is pronounce like the letter E and the letters "th" are pronounced like in "the, this" etc.
@@Kwstas_Vagias ὕδωρ was pronounced as hödor in Ancient Greek and wōdor in Mycenian Greek. Usually teansliterated into the Latin script as hydor, most known in the form of hydro. As you can see, it is cognate with the English word Water or the common Slavic woda/voda. The word nero I think comes from the commom Greek word for drinking water, or water purified or fresh enough to drink. Later on this word was used to describe any kind of water.
So in Turkish I-ı and İ-i are two completely different letters with their own sounds and cucumber would be "hıyar", not "hiyar". Also an even more commonly used word for cucumber than hıyar is "salatalık".
@@NoName-xx9zd It's the {ɯ} vowel in the International Phonetic Alphabet. A good example of the sound in English is {e} in jumper, container, maker, fighter; aka the -er suffix. So it's somewhat similar to what's known as schwa, just more clearly pronounced -like every sound in Turkish.
You included Venetan!!! Thank you so much...I cannot explain the feeling of being recognized and included. So many languages are still unrecognized by their respective governments in the world..and with Venetian (and other languages as well) it has been a battle long decades now. Your work is precious for rising aknowledgement
@Tacidian It is pretty much. Young people speak it. But it's still endangered if we keep thing like this (it's classified "definitely endangered" by UNESCO so it's one of the lowest levels of endangerment)
I agree with you, same for alpine lombard, spoken from valdossola to valtellina, from the pre-Alps north to Switzerland. When I speak it no other italian south of the river Po can undestand me, that to me makes it a proper language and not a dialect.
In kazakh 🍎 is "alma" like in hungarian. Kazakh language is turkic family and some foods are same or sound very similar with turkish, like honey - bal, milk, meat and cucumber. Also we have food names came from russian language.
'Salatalık' is more common for cucumber in Turkish. And for 'orange', the word 'portakal' is right but 'narenciye' which is related with other 'orange' words, stays for all orange fruits in Turkish.
@@Cripalani Well there is an option three, maybe we both borowed from the Persians :)) (mweh, actually your options are more likely but don't know which one is right in this case)
In Germany, the first word that would come in to my mind for "carrot" is "Karotte". Möhre is a synonyme to that, but we have both words. Möhre more refers to a big sized "Karotte". Also, we have the word "Orange", but also "Apfelsine" (like russian "apelsin"), but it refers to a smaller sized orange. We also have "Limone", which refers to a green "Zitrone" (lime vs lemon).
Rhineland adds to German: We have Ääpel for potato in dialect aswell (greetings to our neighbors NL & A) We have Öllich or Üllich greetings to NL, FR, UK for Onion
I think it highly depends on the region in Germany, due to all the different dialects and regional varieties in the language. Here in Saxony for example, everyone says "Möhre", regardless of its size.
In Yakut (Far North East Siberia) we have only 2 common words with Turkish: et-et = meat, süt-üüt = milk, as we live in Arctic and didn't have even flour, vegetables and fruits are from other planet for us.
I was watching a documentary about Yakutia and I noticed another common word, Balık, means fish. Here is the youtube link of the documentary. There is Russian subtitle if you are interested. ruclips.net/video/MgCiNNfeNoE/видео.html
Fantastic video!!! Love to see how the "old foods" have so many different local names, whilst the recent ones have nearly everywhere the same name. Just 4 little corrections: In Flanders we use both aardappel and patat as frequently, much more often ajuin instead of ui, more often appelsien as sinaasappel and more often bloem instead of meel.
@Skanderbeg Turkish culture or language aren't isolate, tho. There are Turkic cultures and languages: Azerbaijani, Turkmen, Kazakh, Uzbek, Uyghur, Kyrgyz, Bashkort, Tatar, Gagauz...
@Skanderbeg Çkemi shqipe! The only languages isolated in the Indo-European languages family is Albanian, Armenian, Basques and Greek (alphabetical order)
In Polish we can name potato "kartofel" as well - it's derived from German word - but it's only a regional word, used mainly in Silesia, a region in southern Poland. Officially potato is "ziemniak" indeed.
Its probably ecause silesia had a big german speaking population for a long time wich made certain german words stick even after most of them are gone now, i think thats the same with möhre in german wich is similar to the slavic words for it and mostly used in the east were slav ic tribes and germanic ones lived side by side for a long time eventually mixing into each other, even today a lot of the towns and villages have slavic names or are derived from them. Its a fascinating topic :)
I live in northern Poland (trójmiasto) and I've heard kartofel being used interchangeably with ziemniak many times. Especially among older generations. Also the word 'bulwy'
2:25 When you realize as a Hungarian, the Serbs completly brought it over the Hungarian word to the Serbian vocabulary. "Sárga" means orange, "Répa" means "the carrot" but we say "Fehérrépa" to call "Petroselinum's root". So I'm very surprised about the Serbian version of this word. Greets from Hungary to every Serbians! :DD
It's actually a merge of one Slavic, and one Hungarian word, repa in Slavic is turnip which was joined together with sárga to create an unique word shared by both languages, although i heard that Hungarians more often say just repa for carrot or another borrowing from Slavic sounding similar to "mrkva"
I love your videos. Thank you for making them! Regarding Sicilian, I see some Italianized terms were chosen. I can share the more authentic forms in sicilianu. Tomato: pumadamuri Onion: cipuḍḍa Cheese: caciu (also tuma or tumazzu) Cinnamon: canneḍḍa Cucumber: citrolu Orange: partuallu Lemon: lumìa Salutamu. :-)
@@lonerider5933 haha yes that is funny! It’s believed to come from the Old French word for tomato - pomme d’amour - which itself is thought to be a corruption of Spanish poma de moros. Curiously, pomme d’amour in modern French means candy apple on a stick!
Great work. Shows culture impact through history. Would be interesting to do more words used for long time like "horse" "wheel" "sword" "head" and few that come later like "corn" "bathroom" "chimney"
5:44 НА этом слайде, глядя на Датское "MEL" я вдруг понял, почему слово "МЕЛ" в русском пишется именно так: ведь его "мелют" то есть МОЛотят, разМЕЛьчают. Как и русская "Мука" в германских языках, "MEL" тоже МЕЛют, МОЛотят из МЕЛьчают в МЕЛьницах! Я обожаю подобные "инсайты" - озарения, когда до меня доходят подобные "вроде бы" очевидные вещи!
One thing for Albanian suxhuk is more of a blood sausage not the word sausage itself. The word for sausage in Albanian is “ salçiçe” which is actually very similar to sausage in pronunciation as well. Other than that you got everything right about Albania
@@blacks_life_doesnot_m..... yes in albania we have words we can use from turkish or other country's descent but we also have the albanian version. example is the color green, we can say yeshile but also i gjelbert
Tomatl is an Aztec word, imported from Spain, while pomodoro is a word from central Italy that compresses the phrase pomo d'oro because the first tomatoes arrived in Europe were actually yellow, so in the Slavic regions they took up and contracted the Italian name because it was certainly brought there by the various Italian engineers and artists called by the tsars. The presence of Greek and Latin words in all languages is due to the fact that culture, even after the political end of Rome and Constantinople, remained a Roman thing,
@@Antonio_DG It's funny, in Russian there are both versions. Томат - apparently from the Greeks Помидор - and "European version" No difference. But there is a nuance - a large variety is more likely to be called a tomato. And a small one is more like a "pomidor"
The name- pomidor, pom- arancza brought by Bona Sforza, the wife of one of the kings of Poland, who grew fruit and vegetables brought from the New World in her garden in the royal residence at Wawel.Hence, all exotic vegetables spread to the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and further to the East.
@@zsu8498 turkey originates from North America but everybody thought the Turkey came from the country that traded it to them and so named it after where they bought it from
but patate (patat) is what muricans call "fries" ... pomme de terre can be any potato, while patate is fried/baked not cooked (I not extremely serious about this)
However, 'patate' if not describing a variety, such as 'patate douce' (sweet potato) is seen as a colloquial or less 'correct' variety. In reality, the term 'patate' in French refers to a variety different from that of the 'pomme de terre'. Dans le langage familier, on dit couramment «patate» lorsqu’on veut parler de «pommes de terre». En réalité, il ne s’agit pas du même légume. Certes, l’un et l’autre produisent des tubercules comestibles, mais la patate (el patatos) est une plante des régions chaudes, originaire elle aussi d’Amérique du Sud, du Mexique et des Caraïbes, et son tubercule a une chair douçâtre.
Wow, this channel is awesome. Exactly what I’m after as someone who loves languages and their history/origin. Really well researched including a lot of smaller languages too. Instant subscribe!
absolutely right, ukrainian and belarusian have the same history of development starting Kyiv Rus peiod, after The Grand Duchy of Lithuania when all words were created. And only after 18 century both were invasioned by Moskovia tsardom
@@PUARockstar Literally nothing he said was true. Let's break it down, bit by bit: Ukrainian and Belarusian history, as in history that can be meaningfully separated from Russian history, began in the 15th century, when The Russian Tsardom and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth first got a defined border, and modern day Belarus and western Ukraine ended up on the PLC side. Due to their isolation from other East Slavs and Polish influence they began to develop linguistic differences, and that laid the foundation for what would later become their national identity. "Kyiv" (Київ) is not a historical spelling or pronunciation, as the name of the city was first Кыієвъ (similar phonetically), then Киевъ (literally modern Russian spelling except for a single minor detail), and it stayed this way for EIGHT CENTURIES straight. Kiev was a major player in the scattered mess of feudalism now called the Kievan Rus in the early mediaeval times, then got conquered by Lithuania and later joined the PLC, then the locals revolted against their Lithuanian leader and went, WILLINGLY, to the Russian Tsardom, and have stayed a part of it and the Empire all the way until the revolutions of the early 20th century, when Ukraine's first attempt at becoming a sovereign country happened. So as you can see, he messed up literally everything - the names, the dates AND the events. Edit: cleaned up some typos
На примере цыбули,на карте четко видны последствия оккупации католиками славян. Там где были католики - там латинское слово *цибуля* ,а у тех славян,что оставались православными ,у них *лук*.
To be more specific Polish Jabłko have the same root as Apple ;> It was in proto-slavic language: Jabłko < Jabło < Jablo < Ablo. Alike Apple in proto-germanic was Apple < Appel < Apla < Abla. As You see Ablo and Abla is very similar.
Also "sucuk" also exists as a word for sausage, but it only refers to a specific kind of Turkish sausage. "Sosis" is only used for foreign,Western varieties of sausage.
Woah, someone finally included Malta into a European map? FINALLY! Everyone forgets us and thinks we're just a dinky island in the middle of the Mediterranean. Also our language is so different because of the arabic's reignin the 800s AD, just to clear up any confusion! Your only mistake was at 2:02, we say karotta not zunnarija, everything else was spot on though! Great work!
Sausage is "Sosiska" in Russian, Ukrainian and so on... so Kolbasa is big sausage, you could have painted half of Europe in blue :-) BTW "Pomidor" is kind of folk version, it is also called Tomat in Russian. If you would check documents and recipes it is usually referenced as Tomat.
Sosiska and tomato in Russian appeared only recently. Sosiska, this is kind of not-russian, German kolbasa.)) The same with tomato. This is like industrial, official name. In supermarkets - yes, in common language - no. Even in a restaurant you will never see a "tomato salad", only "salad iz pomidor". I admire how the author felt this difference.
I really like this video, i think the idea of showing how words are pronounced in every country of the europe is cute and very original! Greetings from italy🇮🇹❤
Jørðepli is actually really rare in modern Faroese. Instead, we just say epli. Also, the word for tomato is not tómatur, but tomat. The Slovak word for onion is cibuľa. Cibule exist but only as an inflected form. As for basil, in Faroese we'd normally say basilikum. Basilika is the church. Great video though.
1:48 Just a clarification, but the word "patate" also exists in French and Dutch :) It's very commonly used in French instead of "pomme de terre" (earth apple), but seen as familiar/dialect language in Dutch compared to "aardappel" (which also means earth apple!)
When my grandma made crepes and stuffed with mixture of cinnamon and sugar, she called that "cimet". I thought that's the Hungarian name of the mixture, but it's clearly came from other languages. Good to know :D
In Moldova/Romania we have a regional synonym for castravete (cucumber), which is pepene(especially in the countryside), very similar to its’ Spanish/Portuguese equivalent - Pepino. We also use the word tomate for tomatoes
It's really interesting to see how words for foods that were in a way essential for everyday life in antiquity tend to stick in their language, you can see the separation of language families (Germanic, Slavic, Romance, Celtic) with words like bread, meat, milk or flour All the while foods that were not commonly seen in Europe (tomatoes and potatoes from America, or spices and citrus from Asia) have an uneven distribution, probably influenced by trade
Just some observations as a czech and slovak person: 1) In slovak you can say "kartofel", "zemiak" and "krompel" for sausage 2) The romanian "Brănză" is similair to a slovak cheese cakled "Brinza" 3) In czech and slovak the word for sausage is also "párek/párok"
Interesting how you can very clearly see from these maps how some languages are similar - you can see how Basque, Greek, Turkish, Albanian, and Hungarian differ from larger groups in most staple items, how English mixes and matches between French and German (and sometimes Celtic), and how Estonia sometimes wants to be Nordic instead of Baltic - and, of course, how there's much less difference in later foods than earlier ones.
Estonian language is not related to other Baltic language. Its Finno-Ugri languange. So words are similar with finland. And some newer words are from Sweden and German, because they have occupied Estonia back in history.
@@Phantamoon what do you mean as people? Genetically latvians and lithuanians are closer to estonians than finnish to estonians, however linguistically estonians are not baltic.
@@marysartr Actually it's хляб, but this video was made with Latin letters so you could use whatever letters you like as long as they sound like ya. Interestingly enough the Serbians do not have the letter "я", so they just stole "J" from the Latin alphabet.
Thanks for the video. Minor correction regarding Icelandic: Flour is called "hveiti" in icelandic. Mjöl is the word for the edible part of any grain (meal).
Glad you put Neapolitan! Just a few corrections: Honey is "mele" Sausage is "sasiccio" And for cucumber you can also use "cucuzzo" instead of "cetrulo". Then there are some ortographic mistakes, such as "ppane": it is a neuter noun so it presents syntattical doublement after the determinative article, but not when it is alone (and, however, also after the article we write " 'o pane " and not " 'o ppane "). Then there is the word for "meat", which is written "carna" and not "carn". Great job though, really enjoyable video.
@@vidopliasov Well, I don't see a contradiction, considering that the Slavs are Goths who colonized Western Europe a couple of centuries ago. Thus nowadays Eastern Europeans, respectivly the western part of Russia share the same ancestory as for instance Germans.
@@georgios_5342 Galaxy because the spiral tentacles of the galaxy seem as if someone was pouring an amphorae of gala in order to create them. My forefathers were deep and smart cookies.
Take into account that many basic words came from proto-language, they appeared before Ancient Greek and Latin languages... Then can be common between India and Europe.
Interesting to see English retain a few Germanic words, though their meanings have changed. Mehl/meel (flour) seems to be used in Windmill (place where flour is made), and Gerkin(cucumber) is used in Gherkin (British name for pickle).
The observation Mehl/meel - windmill is correct. Its because Mehl derives from a word that meant or means grinding. In Latin 'molere', in modern German 'mahlen'. So the mill is the place where something is ground, and flour is what is ground.
@@Zeeko76 In Dutch flour is called BLOEM which also means flower and related to English bloom. MEEL in Dutch refers to everything grounded, even chalk and bones, fine powder. (Fijn poeder)
@@Elemenobanii English is a Germanic language. True, there are a lot of Romance influences (mostly through French and Latin), but they are clearly visible in other languages as well.
Kudos to video. Great work. I would suggest some corrections for Serbian language here: Orange = Pomorandža Onion = Crni (Black) luk Garlic = Beli (White) luk (Garlic was not shown in this video, added just to clarify).
One thing, in Albanian we call sausages as "salçiçe" (at least here in central Albania), a suxhuk is just a type of sausage, I had never seen anyone refer to sausages in general as suxhuk
I’m so glad you included Faroese. It is so often forgotten. 😍 I have a few corrections to the Faroese, though. ☺️ - Potato is in the vast majority of the times called “epli” in Faroese. It’s technically derived from the word “jørðepli", but no one calls them that. - Tomato is just called “tomat.” - Basil is “basilikum” and not “basilika”, because the latter means the church, basilica.
I've just seen this great video and I would like to add some Hungarian point of view. Potato: "burgonya" is the official name, originating in the French area Bourgogne as the food came to Hungary from France in the 18th century. However, the most commonly used word is "krumpli" similar to the German dialect word "grompir". In Transylvania, the Hungarians living there use a dialect word "pityóka" which sounds similarly to patata/potata, etc. Thanks for the video, it is interesting to see how the words move from one nation to another as they trade with each other.
The most interesting word, from this comparative point of view, is the English word 'dandruff' (or 'scurf' if you're posh) which seems to be completely different in every major European language. Not only different from English but different from each other too.
@@ilrompiballe6187 ... except that English (squirrel) and French (écureuil = escureuil) are similar. Greek = skiouros, Portuguese = esquilo, Welsh = gwiwer also.
@@korana6308 Because nearly all words have similar words in some other langauges. 'Dandruff' does not; it iseems to be completely different in every major language. Why? And is there a word to descibe words that have no foreign-language cognates?
I'd love to know how the Lemon vs. Citron usage came about... When was lemons (citron) 🍋 introduced to Europe? I'm guessing only recently within a few hundred years ago? Because the terminology hasn't changed drastically for it to only have 2 different words used to describe it.
I'm pretty sure there were lemons and other citrus fruits present in mediterranean Europe during the antique period (Greeks and Romans), so a few 1000 years at least.
The word for orange used in Turkish, Greek, Romanian etc (Portokali), is derived from the word for the country of Portugal. Sweet oranges were originally cultivated in China and were brought in by Portuguese traders in 16/17 centuries - likely first to India then to Persia and then to Türkiye and beyond. Reminds me of the movie “My Fat Greek Wedding” where the family of the bride are called Portokalis!
Great. But you are missing few languages like Sorbian (Upper/Lower) and Kashubian. Also some countries like Poland uses more names. For example, potato is ziemniak or kartofel.
It was so nice of you that you included Turkey. It is not an indo european language but still has got so many words copied from French. 80% the words are completely different and that makes it really hard to learn English in Turkey. That's why our English level is not so well. But same goes for a person who speaks an indo european language and trying to learn Turkish. I saw quite fluent speakers but never seen native like fluency and pronunciation. When it comes to Koreans, Hungarians, mongols, They easily reach native like fluency but with slight foreigner accent.
There are some error regarding northern Italy, which is in the galloitalic language family. Especially in Lombardy, but I guess in all northern Italy, the following words are: Apple: Pom Sausage: Luganega, a typical Lombard dish Potato: Pom de Tera Tomatoes: Tomatis Cucumber: Cocumer
I expected Finnish and Estonian to have more sole words in common with Hungary due to them both being the only Uralic languages in Europe. But it looks like the years of separation and assimilation to neighboring languages really cut those ties. Love the addition of Basque, Neapolitan, Sicilian and Maltese! Often forgotten in these kinds of maps (Frisian often does get included)
Yes, fin-est can understand each other if old words is knowin’ but magyar is from another tree of altai-uralic. Similarities are far far away style. Pi=Fiu etc. yes there is better examples but doesn’t matter, can’t understand spoken magyar. (or written). Only basic system. Sülearvuti=tietokone= számitogép. What an Earth is that thing 🤔
Finnish has words "mesi" and "piimä". In Estonian "piim" = milk, Finnish "piimä" = fermented milk. Hungarian "méz" and Estonian "mesi" = honey, Finnish "mesi"= the sugar liquid in flowers.
Same thing here, our grammar teacher (in Hungary) always explained to us the similarities in these languages as sidenotes, I thought more "ancient" words would be similar like milk or meat that were around in every age.
You are correct. Many of these words are internationally spread loan words, like tomato with slightly different versions. More cognate words in Uralic language family can be found on subjects like human body parts, kinship terms, numbers, nature objects, which have always been there, instead of words meaning tiger or giraffe, which are animals from different regions. But still, as you said, Hungarian and Finnic languages are very distant in vocabulary.
Only some corrections: I‘ve never heard sipols for onion in Luxembourgish, it is ‚Ennen‘ or less often ‚Zwiwwel‘. Also cucumber is never, except for Germans learning the language, ‚Gurke‘. It is ‚Kornischong‘ (saying ‚Konkomber‘ is somewhat acceptable.)
@@yudaosh-ida Both Turkish and Luxembourgish has borrowed it from French (cornichon = pickled gherkin). Luxembourgish is very influenced by French, but sometimes the meaning apparently shifts slightly.
Great job! I'm from Greece and for some reason foreign tourists think that Greek is related to Spanish when they hear it spoken. By watching this video, people can see that they are not related at all.
Spanish and Greek indeed sound similar. Phonetics, endings and especially clean flow/pronunciation. Moreover, the Spaniards are the only ones that pronounce the Greek words that exist internationally, almost "correctly" like the original. But also, modern Italian and Greek are similar as well in many words. You can see it here. Greek language loan and receive some from Italian.
You can see it's not related if you open a basic page in Wiki. If you study language relations with this video, I'm afraid it might be pretty misleading.
@@erynn9968 Mate, Greek is just Greek and not related to any other language. He just meant the pronunciation only sounds similar to Spanish. Nothing else. Our language is the most unique language out there.
In Serbian "onion" is "crni luk" and "garlic" is "beli luk" Also "orange" is "narandža" or "pomorandža" and not "naranča", that's in Croatian. Then basil is "bosiljak" Everything else is spot on. Cheers!
And english has leek - not quite onion or garlic, but almost. What is serbian for white onion, yellow onion and red onion when they all are already "black leek"?
@@popularmisconception1 Well "leek" is "praziluk" ( yeah one word) here. And "onion" is "crni luk". And yeah, "red onion" is "crveni luk" here, but "yellow onion" is "crni luk žuti" ( black onion yellow, yeah weird, but there it is :D). But by far "crni luk" is the most common in our cuisine, so that's the word that is used in general.
Wow that's actually very interesting, why would you name "Chesnok" as "bely luk". In Russian "bely luk" is just a white onion , which is so different to "garlik" - "chesnok". So how do distinguish between a white onion and garlic, and also yellow onion and red onion in Serbian??? Also to be specific it's called "Repchatiy luk" which means it has a head like base (like repa), unlike normal "luk" which has no base at all. And most likely it shares the same root with the Anglican word "look" - luk , which basically means coming to a straight line - which is what you do when you look, and normal "luk" is also straight lines coming from a ground. Which is why technically you have to specify that it's "repchaty" luk, and not just a normal luk, but most people don't want to bother with pronouncing full name.
I think, "milk", "milch" and "moloko", "mlíko", "mlieko" are from the same root and sound alike. (at least for my European ass....) I am glad I speak Hungarian well, it seems, like an island between the Slavs, Germans and Latins.
@@DogDogGodFog Hungarians weren't originally mongol - they were originally one of finno-urgic tribes from Siberia, who, while originally being semi-settled ones, decided to become nomads and who moved to the territories of modern Hungary. Many other people in Europe thought that those new nomads are new wave of Hunns - that is where all misconception appeared.
Really interesting to see how Romania is kinda just there vibing, while the language uses many words of Latin origin, there is a huge slavic influence, and then some words that just kinda appeared out of nowhere
The out of nowhere words are most likely dacian, given the fact that we still kept a small part of the dacian vocabulary to this day. There are only a few usual words tho.
@@NoActualReasonToLive Yea you're more than probably right, they could also be a combination of several different languages. It's really strange how Romania, while being surrounded by slavic and balkanic countries, remained pretty Roman compared to it's neighbours.
@@NoActualReasonToLive there is only one "out of nowhere" (unknown origin) word in this list - "brânză". the rest of them have clear origin. also, this map is a simplification, for some words there is regional variation. and there are errors - for some reason for flour and meat rep of moldova uses different words (which they don't)
I really wish you would have added pineapple, which is ananas in like any language apart from English😂
I honestly did not add it because it was almost the same in all languages except english "pineapple" and spanish "piña", so it was a pretty homogenous map ;) maybe for the next one
In Portuguese "ananas" is "abacaxi". Pretty different as well
@@gustavoloriano2221 I visited Portugal a few weeks ago and there was a pineapple stand near the beach dubbed "Ananas", so I am not sure what you mean. Maybe it's a quirk of Brazilian Portuguese? I'm pretty sure "abacaxi" is a derivative of ananas anyways, so it would work out either way.
@@Frxzt In Portugal ananás and abacaxi are slightly different types of pineapple, ananás is the most used word. However in Brazil they use abacaxi mostly
It's "pinafal" in Welsh.
Wonderful how almost all Europe finally agreed on something, when it came to naming basil.
Welsh Brenhinllys has the same meaning too, just uses different root words.
All of Europe agrees that Basil is the King's plant, for some reason.
You mean manjericão?
@@brunoalves-pg9eo Yeah, your country is insignificant.
U mean fesleğen?
@@turkist_kruz Yeah, your country is insignificant too.
"How do you say carrot in Welsh?"
"Moron!"
"Hey, man, I was just asking!"
Actually "moron" means "carrots" (plural), the singulative form is longer - "moronen". Likewise "adar" means "birds" ("aderyn" = "bird") and "plant" means "children" ("plentyn" = "child") etc.
@@lothariobazaroff3333 ahahaah so different
@@lothariobazaroff3333 children = plant xD
it's like an azerbaijani word "xiyar" being both "cucumber" and a swear word )
@@ostestebibobu Bizde de hıyar denir salatalığa ve aynı sizdeki gibi hakaret olarak da kullanılır😂
I'm very impressed you included the three celtic languages of Ireland, Scotland and Wales.
Well done. Great video.
But missed Celtic cultures who are Manx, Cornish, and Breton (Brittany France). OK I guess I'm being being picky.
Although for ireland (and I assume scotland), he only marked the west (and northern) places even though the entirety of ireland knows what (most) different food are in irish
Also included is Catalan and basque on the Iberian peninsula.
Difference is everything ❤
@@dg-hughesnot at all picky. I was also surprised by the appalling absence of Breton in France...
Just one remark: in German „Möhre“ and „Karotte“ is both used for „carot“. I think „Karotte“ is even more widespread.
Und mohrrübe
@@ragnarostbrok1254 yes, good point.
But arent that two different things?
@@matthiasbachetzky3085 In north and east germany the majority says möhre in west and south germany the majority says karotte
@@matthiasbachetzky3085 There are not different things. Which dialect regions uses which term predominantly I honestly don’t know but all Germans know them and perceive them as standard (high) German. Also Mohrrübe is known by every German I dare say.
As a contrast: „Grumbeere“ is a dialect term for potatoe which is only known to people in very specific regions. Such a word I would not have suggested as an alternative for „Kartoffel“
Lovely you included things like Frissian and Basque as well, I can really appreciate that
They also split Belgium in half to account for both French and Flemish. And more so, it's not "just the same as Dutch", it actually shows where the vocab differs in spelling. It's really nice attention to detail. 😊
But RIP goes Tatar and all of Russia's Uralic and Caucasian languages. And Kurdish. And Georgian, for some reason.
but sadly no Breton language
Я чувствую себя Lovely, мои трусы от Barbery
no brezhoneg, though...
Now I know that the name of one of my favourite musicians ever, Liszt, means Flour. Interestingly Farinha is a common surname in Portugal as well :)
Yes, liszt means flour in Hungarian. However it is not common as a surname.
So his actual name is French Flour.😂
@@telebubba5527 Yep! :D I'm guessing his ancestors were millers or something similar
@@telebubba5527 Francis Flour
@@telebubba5527 Ferenc is not France :D
3:55 - Cheese
In italian we say also "cacio", coming from latin "caseus".
This might explain the origin of the words into green areas.
This king of argument could be done for other words too, many come from latin and every language slightely changed the original sound/word
No, it’s neapolitan what it’s being marked not an Italian variety.
In Romanian we also have “caș”, pronounced with “sh”, which usually designates fresh, lightly salted cheese.
It's interesting to see, how older words like *apple*, *honey*, or *milk* are clearly separated by each ethnic group (ger/slav/lat/ugro).....and then words like *cinnamon* and *potato* (which came much later) were already established by each formed nation individually ..or by unions (f.ex. Yugoslavia).
Worst = Sausage
There is the Dutch word PATATTEN which also means potato.
And onions can be called AJUINEN in the south.
@@heotapgym-piggym2460 Saucijsje!
Tell that to Hungarian lol
On honey I disagree with the map, romance and slavic look too similar to be separated
Amazing how the word "lemon" is so widespread in just 2 variations 😮
It is a young word.
Internet 1 variations🤣
@@kookajoy French: la Toile c:
In german it is also Limone, mean the green variant.
Apfelsine and Orange are also synonymous.
Many more examples could be made.
La toile c'est le mot français pour désigner le web, internet reste internet pour autant que je sache
Small correction: in the "orange" map, the word for "orange" in estonian is "apelsin" not "apelsinipuu" because "apelsinipuu" means "orange tree"
Puu is tree in Finnish too, but that is hardly a surprise.
No buddy "apelsinipuu" you doo under tree 3am after Friday night spend out with the boys drinking ... ;)
@@huzarion3814 You think you know better than an estonian? :)
@@mertoj1536 ... "puu" is universal in any language ;)
In lower germany (the north) orange is called "Apfelsine" or "Appelsina", wich means "Apfel aus China" (apple from china).
7:06 everyone is grouped among themselves by word similarity
Meanwhile Turkey: 💀
Turkish is not an Indo-European language.
@@MrSloikaneither is hungarian finnish or estonian
The word "fesleğen" is leaned by the Greeks. It should be also red colored.
@@tukimb0029Yeah thats right interestingly
@@tukimb0029fesleğen is a altaic word not indo europen
Very interesting, also Moloko->Mleko->Melk->Molke->Milch->Milk is like transformation of same word east to west... you can paint them in same color practically. If you would have word "Water", it would be the same result practically from Slavic "Voda" to English - "Water" all Europe, except of "Aqua" for Latin group.
That is because most European languages belong to the Indo-European language family. Milk and Moloko as well as Water and Woda are not borrowings one of the other but are instead inherited from a common ancestor of Slavic and Germanic languages. Slavic, Germanic, Romance, Celtic, Greek, Albanian, Armenian, Iranian and Indo-Aryan are all language groups belonging to the wider Indo-European language family, with common ancestors speaking a language linguists refer to as Proto-Indo-European, which is the ancestral language to all of these languages, and which was spoken 6,000 years ago on the steppes of Ukraine and South Russia.
Молоко :)
When somebody put water to us we say me kvasi. Which is connected to Aqua. If you remove A from Aqua you got Qua or Kva(kvasi-to put water). So all european languages come from Serbian which is predecessor to Latin. Its joke dont get hyped up. But the fact is kva or akva(aqua) are connected for sure.
In Greek water is very different it is called "νερό" pronounced "nero" with the accent on the letter "o".
The ancient Greek word which can be used today too everyone knows is quite different too, " Ύδωρ " pronounced something like "Ethor" with the accent on the letter Y, the E is pronounce like the letter E and the letters "th" are pronounced like in "the, this" etc.
@@Kwstas_Vagias ὕδωρ was pronounced as hödor in Ancient Greek and wōdor in Mycenian Greek. Usually teansliterated into the Latin script as hydor, most known in the form of hydro. As you can see, it is cognate with the English word Water or the common Slavic woda/voda. The word nero I think comes from the commom Greek word for drinking water, or water purified or fresh enough to drink. Later on this word was used to describe any kind of water.
5:47
All countries: flour
Hungary: let's just write the name of our composer
So in Turkish I-ı and İ-i are two completely different letters with their own sounds and cucumber would be "hıyar", not "hiyar". Also an even more commonly used word for cucumber than hıyar is "salatalık".
You can call someone "Hıyar" even if you want to add emotion call people "Lan Hıyar" he will be so happy to debate with you ;)
@@NoName-xx9zd It's the {ɯ} vowel in the International Phonetic Alphabet. A good example of the sound in English is {e} in jumper, container, maker, fighter; aka the -er suffix. So it's somewhat similar to what's known as schwa, just more clearly pronounced -like every sound in Turkish.
In Albanian you can use "sallator" instead of "kastravec" too, which sounds kinda similar to the Turkish variation.
@@BorisGamingChannel What's funny is 'salatalık' means something like 'for salad'
@@NoName-xx9zd ı is pronounced like the i in "cousin"
Citron and lemon be like:
“Finally, a worthy opponent! Our battle will be legendary!”
As a person from the Basque Country and native Basque (and Spanish) speaker, I'm very glad to see our language included!!
As it should
@@rao803 Basque is not important enough
@@neyou6940 It is
@@rao803Whatever
@@neyou6940 que hablas, no soy vasco y puedo ver el odio que te han metido dentro
You included Venetan!!! Thank you so much...I cannot explain the feeling of being recognized and included. So many languages are still unrecognized by their respective governments in the world..and with Venetian (and other languages as well) it has been a battle long decades now. Your work is precious for rising aknowledgement
@Tacidian It is pretty much. Young people speak it. But it's still endangered if we keep thing like this (it's classified "definitely endangered" by UNESCO so it's one of the lowest levels of endangerment)
I agree with you, same for alpine lombard, spoken from valdossola to valtellina, from the pre-Alps north to Switzerland. When I speak it no other italian south of the river Po can undestand me, that to me makes it a proper language and not a dialect.
Lemon🍋 big picture was such a lovely view 😍😍😍 Similar word maps definitely point out not originally indigenous foods
6:25 orange in estonian really is apelsinipuu? Because "puu" is tree. So that just says orange tree. You sure its not just apelsini?
Orange=apelsiin
Apelsin
@@you-know-who9023 quite biblical 😀😀
In kazakh 🍎 is "alma" like in hungarian.
Kazakh language is turkic family and some foods are same or sound very similar with turkish, like honey - bal, milk, meat and cucumber. Also we have food names came from russian language.
Centuries ago, in Turkish also it was "alma" but it changed to "elma" with time.
Old Turkish for apple is Alma new..elma
Also the kazakh word 'ata' and hungarian word 'atya' has the same meaning: father
@@user-rs9py9yr1r Turks/Kazakhs and Hungarians are both from Siberia. The ancient Turks are not closer to Mongols, but Uralic people.
The first apples in the world are originally from that area.
6:50 Limon Citron civil war
'Salatalık' is more common for cucumber in Turkish. And for 'orange', the word 'portakal' is right but 'narenciye' which is related with other 'orange' words, stays for all orange fruits in Turkish.
Btw in armenian there is a word "khiyar" which means "unripe cucumber". So I think or we borrowed that word from you, or you from us lol
@@Cripalani Well there is an option three, maybe we both borowed from the Persians :)) (mweh, actually your options are more likely but don't know which one is right in this case)
In Germany, the first word that would come in to my mind for "carrot" is "Karotte". Möhre is a synonyme to that, but we have both words. Möhre more refers to a big sized "Karotte".
Also, we have the word "Orange", but also "Apfelsine" (like russian "apelsin"), but it refers to a smaller sized orange.
We also have "Limone", which refers to a green "Zitrone" (lime vs lemon).
Rhineland adds to German:
We have Ääpel for potato in dialect aswell (greetings to our neighbors NL & A)
We have Öllich or Üllich greetings to NL, FR, UK for Onion
I think it highly depends on the region in Germany, due to all the different dialects and regional varieties in the language. Here in Saxony for example, everyone says "Möhre", regardless of its size.
In Yakut (Far North East Siberia) we have only 2 common words with Turkish: et-et = meat, süt-üüt = milk, as we live in Arctic and didn't have even flour, vegetables and fruits are from other planet for us.
As a Turk I find it quite normal, Siberia is our place of origin and Yakut people our not so distant relatives.
I was watching a documentary about Yakutia and I noticed another common word, Balık, means fish. Here is the youtube link of the documentary. There is Russian subtitle if you are interested. ruclips.net/video/MgCiNNfeNoE/видео.html
Ettoone= food in the night, 9 000 kms and 7 000years. We still remember
@@berk3723 ne diyon la sen ?
@@ğözçsülke1224 Biraz barzoluk yapmışım pardon.
Slavic and Germanic words for milk are from the same protoindoeuropean root. And a Czech word for potato comes from a name of part of Germany.
Slavic melko (milk) is an old borrowing from Germanic languages.
Brambora? Where it comes from
@@ragnarostbrok1254 I'm guessing Brandenburg.
@@Artur_M. And the name Brandenburg is germanized Slavic toponim Branibor. A life of a word. :D
@@nenadstefanovic779khvoiny (sosnovy or elovy) les brani ~ pineforest of battle? 🤔
I love that you included Napulitano ❤️ I haven’t seen anyone use the word vasanicola for basil since I was a kid
Fantastic video!!! Love to see how the "old foods" have so many different local names, whilst the recent ones have nearly everywhere the same name. Just 4 little corrections: In Flanders we use both aardappel and patat as frequently, much more often ajuin instead of ui, more often appelsien as sinaasappel and more often bloem instead of meel.
From my observation the Greek, Turkish ,Hungarian and Albanian had the most unique words. Honorable mentions : Basques, Finnish and Walesh
@Skanderbeg Turkish culture or language aren't isolate, tho. There are Turkic cultures and languages: Azerbaijani, Turkmen, Kazakh, Uzbek, Uyghur, Kyrgyz, Bashkort, Tatar, Gagauz...
@Skanderbeg Çkemi shqipe! The only languages isolated in the Indo-European languages family is Albanian, Armenian, Basques and Greek (alphabetical order)
@Skanderbeg anatolian turks are in the turkic culture group
@Skanderbeg you have good name Skanderbeg! Greetings from hungary!💪🏻😁
@Skanderbeg I know it warrior brother! He fought with our national hero Janos Hunyadi against the ottomans.💪🏻
In Polish we can name potato "kartofel" as well - it's derived from German word - but it's only a regional word, used mainly in Silesia, a region in southern Poland.
Officially potato is "ziemniak" indeed.
Its probably ecause silesia had a big german speaking population for a long time wich made certain german words stick even after most of them are gone now, i think thats the same with möhre in german wich is similar to the slavic words for it and mostly used in the east were slav ic tribes and germanic ones lived side by side for a long time eventually mixing into each other, even today a lot of the towns and villages have slavic names or are derived from them.
Its a fascinating topic :)
Also "pyry"
Wow that's explains why I heard that word sometimes :D but never thought is from Germany tho... :3 fantastyczne
I live in northern Poland (trójmiasto) and I've heard kartofel being used interchangeably with ziemniak many times. Especially among older generations. Also the word 'bulwy'
@@jangalat00 I'm from the south around Kraków (Tarnów to be specific), and I've also heard kartofel quite a lot.
2:25 When you realize as a Hungarian, the Serbs completly brought it over the Hungarian word to the Serbian vocabulary. "Sárga" means orange, "Répa" means "the carrot" but we say "Fehérrépa" to call "Petroselinum's root". So I'm very surprised about the Serbian version of this word.
Greets from Hungary to every Serbians! :DD
In russian rEpa means turnip
It's actually a merge of one Slavic, and one Hungarian word, repa in Slavic is turnip which was joined together with sárga to create an unique word shared by both languages, although i heard that Hungarians more often say just repa for carrot or another borrowing from Slavic sounding similar to "mrkva"
@@zicma5366 Yes, we often call simply "répa" the carrot
@@zicma5366 Murok is general for carrot-like plants, only used dialectally or as part of a scientific plant name.
@@zicma5366
Repa in Serbian means a root vegetable. So we have SECERNA REPA is Sugar beet.
In france they also use the word "patate" for potato, "pomme de terre" is just a fancier way to call a potato
Glad you show Welsh also, makes people aware English isn't the only language in UK
And Gaelic
@@burhanerdem it didn't show an unrecognised state created after an invasion that needs permission to do anything from Turkey?
@@burhanerdem they can just look at the Turkish ones, and realistically how many from the NCTR are watching this?
@@burhanerdem there aren't many Welsh speakers in London...
@@burhanerdem 77% to 18% in Cyprus. Also why did you use Wales and London since they're nothing like Cyprus?
I love your videos. Thank you for making them! Regarding Sicilian, I see some Italianized terms were chosen. I can share the more authentic forms in sicilianu.
Tomato: pumadamuri
Onion: cipuḍḍa
Cheese: caciu (also tuma or tumazzu)
Cinnamon: canneḍḍa
Cucumber: citrolu
Orange: partuallu
Lemon: lumìa
Salutamu. :-)
So you upgraded tomatos from oro to amore? You must adore them more than the rest of the Mediterranean!
@@lonerider5933 wh doesnt love tomatoes
@@lonerider5933 haha yes that is funny! It’s believed to come from the Old French word for tomato - pomme d’amour - which itself is thought to be a corruption of Spanish poma de moros. Curiously, pomme d’amour in modern French means candy apple on a stick!
8:08 "Hey can I drink your Pienas?"
"OI WHAT?"
In the fridge, you get it from cows?
Thank you very much, it must have been difficult to make this type of video, but it was still very useful, I hope it continues like this
Everybody: Share words with each other
Hungarian boyz: Hahaha, no.
And Turkish MFs
They share carrots with serbia
They're not Indo European, that's why.
Hungary has just some shares with Finland I think
Great work. Shows culture impact through history. Would be interesting to do more words used for long time like "horse" "wheel" "sword" "head" and few that come later like "corn" "bathroom" "chimney"
5:44 НА этом слайде, глядя на Датское "MEL" я вдруг понял, почему слово "МЕЛ" в русском пишется именно так: ведь его "мелют" то есть МОЛотят, разМЕЛьчают. Как и русская "Мука" в германских языках, "MEL" тоже МЕЛют, МОЛотят из МЕЛьчают в МЕЛьницах! Я обожаю подобные "инсайты" - озарения, когда до меня доходят подобные "вроде бы" очевидные вещи!
И правда, прочитал этимологию, исходит из протоиндоевропейского "Мол - перемалывать"
Да ты прям языковед очевидность
2:09 i can't stop laughing imagining people telling "moron" for a carrot. 😂
One thing for Albanian suxhuk is more of a blood sausage not the word sausage itself. The word for sausage in Albanian is “ salçiçe” which is actually very similar to sausage in pronunciation as well. Other than that you got everything right about Albania
Word Suxhuk is derived from turkish sucuk .
In my family we use the word salçiçe lol
Also Trangull instead of Kastravec.
@@TheLime1231 po kastravecit i themi trangull
@@blacks_life_doesnot_m..... yes in albania we have words we can use from turkish or other country's descent but we also have the albanian version. example is the color green, we can say yeshile but also i gjelbert
Tomatl is an Aztec word, imported from Spain, while pomodoro is a word from central Italy that compresses the phrase pomo d'oro because the first tomatoes arrived in Europe were actually yellow, so in the Slavic regions they took up and contracted the Italian name because it was certainly brought there by the various Italian engineers and artists called by the tsars.
The presence of Greek and Latin words in all languages is due to the fact that culture, even after the political end of Rome and Constantinople, remained a Roman thing,
In Bulgarian it is domat which has nothing to do with pomo d'oro and it's far closer to tomato.
@@ivanpetrov5185 Yes, in the case of Bulgaria it is similar to the Greek version of the name which is a variant of the Aztec one.
@@Antonio_DG It's funny, in Russian there are both versions.
Томат - apparently from the Greeks
Помидор - and "European version"
No difference. But there is a nuance - a large variety is more likely to be called a tomato. And a small one is more like a "pomidor"
@@TheAlien729 And something made out of tomato/pomidor is always tomat, tomat sauce for example
The name- pomidor, pom- arancza brought by Bona Sforza, the wife of one of the kings of Poland, who grew fruit and vegetables brought from the New World in her garden in the royal residence at Wawel.Hence, all exotic vegetables spread to the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and further to the East.
The Turkish, Greek and some Balkan word for Orange literally comes from the name Portugal.
It’s the same in Arabic, Burtuqal
Same for neapolitan, purtuall.
Same in the dialect of Emilia dialet is called partugal, and potato is pom da tera, cucumber is cummor
And I like the word turkey (kind of poultry) which is hindi in turkish :'D So turkey originates from India? (a hungry Hungarian asks this :) )
@@zsu8498 turkey originates from North America but everybody thought the Turkey came from the country that traded it to them and so named it after where they bought it from
@@mokkaveli in portuguese tur🦃key is peru and theres a country name Peru..
Fun fact:In Turkish we also say “salatalık” for cucumber.
Smart) What ingredient is in practically all salads? Cucumber;)
Potato in Poland is also widely called "kartofel". Both words are often used alternatively by the same speakers
zależy na pomorzu (kaszuby) mówi się bulwy. A kartofel to tylko Ci zdrajcy niemiecy ze śląska "godają"
@@wojtasvsk3193 Nie.
Colors really help. Thanks. Great video, as always.
Yes, i was mostly interested in looking at colors
In French we also use the word "patate" for potato, I'd say it is as used as "pomme de terre"
we use ... aard appel ... or pomme de terre but then in dutch ;)
but patate (patat) is what muricans call "fries" ... pomme de terre can be any potato, while patate is fried/baked not cooked (I not extremely serious about this)
However, 'patate' if not describing a variety, such as 'patate douce' (sweet potato) is seen as a colloquial or less 'correct' variety. In reality, the term 'patate' in French refers to a variety different from that of the 'pomme de terre'.
Dans le langage familier, on dit couramment «patate» lorsqu’on veut parler de «pommes de terre».
En réalité, il ne s’agit pas du même légume.
Certes, l’un et l’autre produisent des tubercules comestibles, mais la patate (el patatos) est une plante des régions chaudes, originaire elle aussi d’Amérique du Sud, du Mexique et des Caraïbes, et son tubercule a une chair douçâtre.
@@PhilologieRomane Intéressant, je l'ignorais, merci pour l'info ^^
@@-kvz-8829 ...
Wow, this channel is awesome. Exactly what I’m after as someone who loves languages and their history/origin. Really well researched including a lot of smaller languages too. Instant subscribe!
There are words of "цыбуля" and "цынамон" in the Belarusian language. The word "цытрына" is used less often.
Onion in Belarusian is "Цыбуля". Spelled in latin alphabet it would be identical to Ukrainian's "Tsybulya"
absolutely right, ukrainian and belarusian have the same history of development starting Kyiv Rus peiod, after The Grand Duchy of Lithuania when all words were created. And only after 18 century both were invasioned by Moskovia tsardom
@@taras2567 We're reaching levels of revisionism previously thought impossible
@@georgiykireev9678 Taras is absolutely right. All the major revisionism comes from your president though
@@PUARockstar Literally nothing he said was true. Let's break it down, bit by bit:
Ukrainian and Belarusian history, as in history that can be meaningfully separated from Russian history, began in the 15th century, when The Russian Tsardom and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth first got a defined border, and modern day Belarus and western Ukraine ended up on the PLC side. Due to their isolation from other East Slavs and Polish influence they began to develop linguistic differences, and that laid the foundation for what would later become their national identity. "Kyiv" (Київ) is not a historical spelling or pronunciation, as the name of the city was first Кыієвъ (similar phonetically), then Киевъ (literally modern Russian spelling except for a single minor detail), and it stayed this way for EIGHT CENTURIES straight. Kiev was a major player in the scattered mess of feudalism now called the Kievan Rus in the early mediaeval times, then got conquered by Lithuania and later joined the PLC, then the locals revolted against their Lithuanian leader and went, WILLINGLY, to the Russian Tsardom, and have stayed a part of it and the Empire all the way until the revolutions of the early 20th century, when Ukraine's first attempt at becoming a sovereign country happened.
So as you can see, he messed up literally everything - the names, the dates AND the events.
Edit: cleaned up some typos
На примере цыбули,на карте четко видны последствия оккупации католиками славян. Там где были католики - там латинское слово *цибуля* ,а у тех славян,что оставались православными ,у них *лук*.
To be more specific Polish Jabłko have the same root as Apple ;>
It was in proto-slavic language: Jabłko < Jabło < Jablo < Ablo. Alike Apple in proto-germanic was Apple < Appel < Apla < Abla. As You see Ablo and Abla is very similar.
So not only Polish then, all of the Slavic laguanges
Also "sucuk" also exists as a word for sausage, but it only refers to a specific kind of Turkish sausage. "Sosis" is only used for foreign,Western varieties of sausage.
Yeah ur right
Bazıları ise salam diyorlar xd
@@Cemreaskomolmus3141Salam sosis ve sucuk farklı şeyler
@@Shadow-i7n ama aynı et türündeler
Woah, someone finally included Malta into a European map? FINALLY! Everyone forgets us and thinks we're just a dinky island in the middle of the Mediterranean. Also our language is so different because of the arabic's reignin the 800s AD, just to clear up any confusion!
Your only mistake was at 2:02, we say karotta not zunnarija, everything else was spot on though! Great work!
Maltese is quite fascinating :)
As a Hebrew speaker, finding common roots in Maltese is fun. Sounds like Arabic with an Italian accent.
Close your Tax loopholes pls
Sausage is "Sosiska" in Russian, Ukrainian and so on... so Kolbasa is big sausage, you could have painted half of Europe in blue :-) BTW "Pomidor" is kind of folk version, it is also called Tomat in Russian. If you would check documents and recipes it is usually referenced as Tomat.
And bread is not xleb, it's khleb.
@@hastalavista9579 кслеб, ксліб
Sosiska and tomato in Russian appeared only recently. Sosiska, this is kind of not-russian, German kolbasa.)) The same with tomato. This is like industrial, official name. In supermarkets - yes, in common language - no. Even in a restaurant you will never see a "tomato salad", only "salad iz pomidor". I admire how the author felt this difference.
Ничёподобного
@@ещёневечер-ф5щ yes, but u will never say "pomidorny soup", u will say "tomatny soup"/tomato soup in Russian
I really like this video, i think the idea of showing how words are pronounced in every country of the europe is cute and very original!
Greetings from italy🇮🇹❤
In Catalan we can say Pastanaga, Carrota or Carlota for Carrot.
And Tomàquet, Tomata or Tomaca for Tomato.
Jørðepli is actually really rare in modern Faroese. Instead, we just say epli. Also, the word for tomato is not tómatur, but tomat. The Slovak word for onion is cibuľa. Cibule exist but only as an inflected form. As for basil, in Faroese we'd normally say basilikum. Basilika is the church. Great video though.
1:48 Just a clarification, but the word "patate" also exists in French and Dutch :) It's very commonly used in French instead of "pomme de terre" (earth apple), but seen as familiar/dialect language in Dutch compared to "aardappel" (which also means earth apple!)
True ☝️
In Germany we use also "Erdapfel" = "pomme de terre", the term is more common in southern Germany.
And in Northern France we say « pennetière » like in : « Kevin, ramène-teu pour mincher t'pennetières ou té va t'printe eun' margnoufe sut' guiffe! ».
In Turkish we call earth apple for Jeruselam Artichoke, sunroot, wild sunflower, topinabur.
The german word Kartoffel ( (k)art-offel,) also comes from a dialectical form of Erd-apfel=earth-apple
When my grandma made crepes and stuffed with mixture of cinnamon and sugar, she called that "cimet".
I thought that's the Hungarian name of the mixture, but it's clearly came from other languages. Good to know :D
nope... Cimet also means Cinnamon just an another world for it :D
3:10 nah, in belarusian onion will be "cybulia"
Why is "milk" in Slavic and Germanic languages painted in different colors if it is the same exact root?
Sounds more like English than Slavic
@@dajmispokoj4168 It's both.
@@dajmispokoj4168 you mean germanic
I was wondering the exact same thing.
all from proto-indo-european
In Moldova/Romania we have a regional synonym for castravete (cucumber), which is pepene(especially in the countryside), very similar to its’ Spanish/Portuguese equivalent - Pepino. We also use the word tomate for tomatoes
There is a word in Spanish that is very rare nowadays it is a synonym of pepino 'cohombro'
În Moldova castravetele este pepene, iar pepenele vostru e harbuz.
Also "carne" for Moldova at 7:40
Yes, we have tomată too, but it's almost never used compared to roșie.
@@spineshivers Vraiment, en roumain, le mot tomată est assez rare employé, en comparaison avec le mot roșie. Le mot tomată est un néologisme.
It's really interesting to see how words for foods that were in a way essential for everyday life in antiquity tend to stick in their language, you can see the separation of language families (Germanic, Slavic, Romance, Celtic) with words like bread, meat, milk or flour
All the while foods that were not commonly seen in Europe (tomatoes and potatoes from America, or spices and citrus from Asia) have an uneven distribution, probably influenced by trade
Milk and apple share the same root in Germanic and Slavic languages
Bread in Slavic languages Chleb/hleb just compare with hlaifs/ hlaf in Germanic languages
Just some observations as a czech and slovak person:
1) In slovak you can say "kartofel", "zemiak" and "krompel" for sausage
2) The romanian "Brănză" is similair to a slovak cheese cakled "Brinza"
3) In czech and slovak the word for sausage is also "párek/párok"
Interesting how you can very clearly see from these maps how some languages are similar - you can see how Basque, Greek, Turkish, Albanian, and Hungarian differ from larger groups in most staple items, how English mixes and matches between French and German (and sometimes Celtic), and how Estonia sometimes wants to be Nordic instead of Baltic - and, of course, how there's much less difference in later foods than earlier ones.
Estonian language is not related to other Baltic language. Its Finno-Ugri languange. So words are similar with finland. And some newer words are from Sweden and German, because they have occupied Estonia back in history.
Estonian is neither a Baltic or "Nordic" language. It's a Finnic language, related closely to Finnish and more distantly to Hungarian.
@@Phantamoon what do you mean as people? Genetically latvians and lithuanians are closer to estonians than finnish to estonians, however linguistically estonians are not baltic.
in Finns langouage till today use about 2 procents baltic words... many tousands years Finns lived where is Lithuania today, with balts
zeme is original word. changed to suomi. means ”land”
For Bulgarian, the word “bread” isn’t Hijab, but rather Hljab (L instead of i)
🧕🏽vs.🍞 😋
@@RaimoHöft the "j" in Slavic languages is pronounced as "yi", so it's actually Hlyiab
@@marysartr Actually it's хляб, but this video was made with Latin letters so you could use whatever letters you like as long as they sound like ya. Interestingly enough the Serbians do not have the letter "я", so they just stole "J" from the Latin alphabet.
@@marysartr nope, j is just y
And leb and kompir(is old bulgarian words before 1990) my grandfather steel used this words. Krumid and luk is have been used for one food.
6:17: Estonian word for orange should be: "apelsin" not "apelsinipuu", which means "orange tree".
Thanks for the video. Minor correction regarding Icelandic: Flour is called "hveiti" in icelandic. Mjöl is the word for the edible part of any grain (meal).
6:40 there are only two genders...
1:24
Damn, sausage in the Netherlands is the worst...
Glad you put Neapolitan!
Just a few corrections:
Honey is "mele"
Sausage is "sasiccio"
And for cucumber you can also use "cucuzzo" instead of "cetrulo".
Then there are some ortographic mistakes, such as "ppane": it is a neuter noun so it presents syntattical doublement after the determinative article, but not when it is alone (and, however, also after the article we write " 'o pane " and not " 'o ppane "). Then there is the word for "meat", which is written "carna" and not "carn".
Great job though, really enjoyable video.
My family says both! I think cucuzzo is more fire zucchini. We certainly use cetrulo though. It might depend from where in Campania you are from
Mele is coming from Greek meli
hmm, nice. In Russia we have sosiska which is similar
In fact, the Slavic word yabloko and the Germanic apple are related words.
Also, in Southern Germany older people who still speak the local dialect normally say Laib instead of bread/Brot. And Laib is derived from chleb.
@@Thre1152 According to the etymological dictionary of Fasmer. It's the other way around. The Slavic word chleb comes from the Middle Gothic hlaifs.
@@vidopliasov Well, I don't see a contradiction, considering that the Slavs are Goths who colonized Western Europe a couple of centuries ago. Thus nowadays Eastern Europeans, respectivly the western part of Russia share the same ancestory as for instance Germans.
Many of the Greek roots are cognates with the Latin words, for example 8:13 gála (root gálakt-) is cognate with Latin lactum (here it's just lakt-)
damn that must be the origin on galactose
@@avery3490 also galaxy
@@georgios_5342 Galaxy because the spiral tentacles of the galaxy seem as if someone was pouring an amphorae of gala in order to create them. My forefathers were deep and smart cookies.
Take into account that many basic words came from proto-language, they appeared before Ancient Greek and Latin languages... Then can be common between India and Europe.
I speak Portuguese and the word "Galão" means milk with coffee
4:31 France: PAIN
Interesting to see English retain a few Germanic words, though their meanings have changed. Mehl/meel (flour) seems to be used in Windmill (place where flour is made), and Gerkin(cucumber) is used in Gherkin (British name for pickle).
english is one third germanic, one third french, and one third latin so im not surprised
@@Elemenobanii its a germanic language
The observation Mehl/meel - windmill is correct. Its because Mehl derives from a word that meant or means grinding. In Latin 'molere', in modern German 'mahlen'. So the mill is the place where something is ground, and flour is what is ground.
@@Zeeko76 In Dutch flour is called BLOEM which also means flower and related to English bloom.
MEEL in Dutch refers to everything grounded, even chalk and bones, fine powder. (Fijn poeder)
@@Elemenobanii English is a Germanic language. True, there are a lot of Romance influences (mostly through French and Latin), but they are clearly visible in other languages as well.
Kudos to video. Great work.
I would suggest some corrections for Serbian language here:
Orange = Pomorandža
Onion = Crni (Black) luk
Garlic = Beli (White) luk
(Garlic was not shown in this video, added just to clarify).
Acabo de descubrir que en portugués “batata” (español) es literalmente patata dulce!
Me encanta la etimología!
what
ACAB is Portugues?
I love this country!!!
@@zanbon5415 No, es español, dijo ACABO.
En México decimos "camote", no decimos batata.
One thing, in Albanian we call sausages as "salçiçe" (at least here in central Albania), a suxhuk is just a type of sausage, I had never seen anyone refer to sausages in general as suxhuk
Turkish Sucuk😅
same in Russian : sosiska - sosisa
I’m so glad you included Faroese. It is so often forgotten. 😍
I have a few corrections to the Faroese, though. ☺️
- Potato is in the vast majority of the times called “epli” in Faroese. It’s technically derived from the word “jørðepli", but no one calls them that.
- Tomato is just called “tomat.”
- Basil is “basilikum” and not “basilika”, because the latter means the church, basilica.
🤓
@@marysartr kid
Sehr cool
I've just seen this great video and I would like to add some Hungarian point of view.
Potato: "burgonya" is the official name, originating in the French area Bourgogne as the food came to Hungary from France in the 18th century. However, the most commonly used word is "krumpli" similar to the German dialect word "grompir". In Transylvania, the Hungarians living there use a dialect word "pityóka" which sounds similarly to patata/potata, etc.
Thanks for the video, it is interesting to see how the words move from one nation to another as they trade with each other.
The most interesting word, from this comparative point of view, is the English word 'dandruff' (or 'scurf' if you're posh) which seems to be completely different in every major European language. Not only different from English but different from each other too.
Even squirrel (and a lot of other animals) change drastically in every language
@@ilrompiballe6187 ... except that English (squirrel) and French (écureuil = escureuil) are similar. Greek = skiouros, Portuguese = esquilo, Welsh = gwiwer also.
What a very weird word to compare in other languages, why would you even bother?
@@korana6308 Because nearly all words have similar words in some other langauges. 'Dandruff' does not; it iseems to be completely different in every major language. Why? And is there a word to descibe words that have no foreign-language cognates?
@@nicks40 interesting! I dunno either, but now I wanna know
1:40
Actually in France you can say "patate" too, it's more logic considering the other countries that says "potato" and stuff like that
I'd love to know how the Lemon vs. Citron usage came about...
When was lemons (citron) 🍋 introduced to Europe? I'm guessing only recently within a few hundred years ago? Because the terminology hasn't changed drastically for it to only have 2 different words used to describe it.
same with tea/Chai One came from the silk route from China and the other name was derived from India if i remember correctly
As far as I know, arab traders introduced the lemon to Spain during the years of the Grenada Khalifate. But I am not 100% sure.
Greeks have lemons (citrice) since forever
@@andreyanc4 maybe the arabs re-introduced it?
I'm pretty sure there were lemons and other citrus fruits present in mediterranean Europe during the antique period (Greeks and Romans), so a few 1000 years at least.
The word for orange used in Turkish, Greek, Romanian etc (Portokali), is derived from the word for the country of Portugal. Sweet oranges were originally cultivated in China and were brought in by Portuguese traders in 16/17 centuries - likely first to India then to Persia and then to Türkiye and beyond.
Reminds me of the movie “My Fat Greek Wedding” where the family of the bride are called Portokalis!
Great.
But you are missing few languages like Sorbian (Upper/Lower) and Kashubian.
Also some countries like Poland uses more names. For example, potato is ziemniak or kartofel.
Great video! It would be nice to see you make similar ones for other continents
South America for example.
2:01 in Germany, you can say Karotte, Mohrrübe, Wurzel and Möhre. All 4 are correct.
It was so nice of you that you included Turkey. It is not an indo european language but still has got so many words copied from French. 80% the words are completely different and that makes it really hard to learn English in Turkey. That's why our English level is not so well. But same goes for a person who speaks an indo european language and trying to learn Turkish. I saw quite fluent speakers but never seen native like fluency and pronunciation. When it comes to Koreans, Hungarians, mongols, They easily reach native like fluency but with slight foreigner accent.
There are some error regarding northern Italy, which is in the galloitalic language family.
Especially in Lombardy, but I guess in all northern Italy, the following words are:
Apple: Pom
Sausage: Luganega, a typical Lombard dish
Potato: Pom de Tera
Tomatoes: Tomatis
Cucumber: Cocumer
Se noti non indica il nord in generale ma il triveneto
I expected Finnish and Estonian to have more sole words in common with Hungary due to them both being the only Uralic languages in Europe. But it looks like the years of separation and assimilation to neighboring languages really cut those ties.
Love the addition of Basque, Neapolitan, Sicilian and Maltese! Often forgotten in these kinds of maps (Frisian often does get included)
Yes, fin-est can understand each other if old words is knowin’ but magyar is from another tree of altai-uralic. Similarities are far far away style. Pi=Fiu etc. yes there is better examples but doesn’t matter, can’t understand spoken magyar. (or written). Only basic system. Sülearvuti=tietokone= számitogép. What an Earth is that thing 🤔
Finnish has words "mesi" and "piimä". In Estonian "piim" = milk, Finnish "piimä" = fermented milk.
Hungarian "méz" and Estonian "mesi" = honey,
Finnish "mesi"= the sugar liquid in flowers.
Same thing here, our grammar teacher (in Hungary) always explained to us the similarities in these languages as sidenotes, I thought more "ancient" words would be similar like milk or meat that were around in every age.
You are correct. Many of these words are internationally spread loan words, like tomato with slightly different versions. More cognate words in Uralic language family can be found on subjects like human body parts, kinship terms, numbers, nature objects, which have always been there, instead of words meaning tiger or giraffe, which are animals from different regions. But still, as you said, Hungarian and Finnic languages are very distant in vocabulary.
@@turkoositerapsidi if I remember well, the Hungarian word for milk (tej) is old Iranic origin
Only some corrections: I‘ve never heard sipols for onion in Luxembourgish, it is ‚Ennen‘ or less often ‚Zwiwwel‘. Also cucumber is never, except for Germans learning the language, ‚Gurke‘. It is ‚Kornischong‘ (saying ‚Konkomber‘ is somewhat acceptable.)
İt's interesting that you say kornischong. İn Turkish the word kornishon is use for small cucumber which generally used for making pickles.
@@yudaosh-ida Both Turkish and Luxembourgish has borrowed it from French (cornichon = pickled gherkin). Luxembourgish is very influenced by French, but sometimes the meaning apparently shifts slightly.
@@joniskahavet we could borrow it from franch that make sense we have lots of word originated from France.
@@yudaosh-ida Same thing in german. Gurke = regular cucumber; Cornichon = small cucumber
He made a mistake and put the Latvian word for it on Lux
I've noticed that the map appears to coloured according to common etymology - very nice touch!
I think the Greek "Vasilikos" and the Turkish "Fesleğen" for Basil are from the same root.
You are right feslegen came from Greek word vasilikos
@@yudaosh-ida Seems like that is the case.
Yes, I thought the same thing when I saw that. VaSiLiKos>VeSLeKen>FeSLeĞen
@@kmmmsyr9883 Probably it entered Turkish from a Greek dialect spoken in Anatolia.
Basilikos - V and B are often changed for obvious reasons
Great job! I'm from Greece and for some reason foreign tourists think that Greek is related to Spanish when they hear it spoken. By watching this video, people can see that they are not related at all.
Spanish and Greek indeed sound similar. Phonetics, endings and especially clean flow/pronunciation. Moreover, the Spaniards are the only ones that pronounce the Greek words that exist internationally, almost "correctly" like the original. But also, modern Italian and Greek are similar as well in many words. You can see it here. Greek language loan and receive some from Italian.
You can see it's not related if you open a basic page in Wiki. If you study language relations with this video, I'm afraid it might be pretty misleading.
@@erynn9968 Mate, Greek is just Greek and not related to any other language. He just meant the pronunciation only sounds similar to Spanish. Nothing else. Our language is the most unique language out there.
@@hermespsychopompos4615 where did I say that Greek is related to anything??
Actually they are related through PIE
In Serbian "onion" is "crni luk" and "garlic" is "beli luk"
Also "orange" is "narandža" or "pomorandža" and not "naranča", that's in Croatian.
Then basil is "bosiljak"
Everything else is spot on. Cheers!
And english has leek - not quite onion or garlic, but almost.
What is serbian for white onion, yellow onion and red onion when they all are already "black leek"?
@@popularmisconception1 Well "leek" is "praziluk" ( yeah one word) here. And "onion" is "crni luk". And yeah, "red onion" is "crveni luk" here, but "yellow onion" is "crni luk žuti" ( black onion yellow, yeah weird, but there it is :D). But by far "crni luk" is the most common in our cuisine, so that's the word that is used in general.
Wow that's actually very interesting, why would you name "Chesnok" as "bely luk". In Russian "bely luk" is just a white onion , which is so different to "garlik" - "chesnok".
So how do distinguish between a white onion and garlic, and also yellow onion and red onion in Serbian???
Also to be specific it's called "Repchatiy luk" which means it has a head like base (like repa), unlike normal "luk" which has no base at all. And most likely it shares the same root with the Anglican word "look" - luk , which basically means coming to a straight line - which is what you do when you look, and normal "luk" is also straight lines coming from a ground. Which is why technically you have to specify that it's "repchaty" luk, and not just a normal luk, but most people don't want to bother with pronouncing full name.
You won’t know how happy I am, that you included ‘t prachtige Frysk!
The lemon/citron map was really interesting!
Basil united almost all of Europe. Go basil! 😄💪
@@natasa8266 um yeah, sorry about that 😟
I think,
"milk", "milch" and "moloko", "mlíko", "mlieko" are from the same root and sound alike. (at least for my European ass....)
I am glad I speak Hungarian well, it seems, like an island between the Slavs, Germans and Latins.
Well they were originally Mongols. So the reason they're unique is because their roots are the "least European".
@@DogDogGodFog Hungarians weren't originally mongol - they were originally one of finno-urgic tribes from Siberia, who, while originally being semi-settled ones, decided to become nomads and who moved to the territories of modern Hungary. Many other people in Europe thought that those new nomads are new wave of Hunns - that is where all misconception appeared.
It’s true.
Milk and moloko are derived from the same ancient root. Just like apple and jabloko and many others.
@@DogDogGodFog they came from the Ural mountains, not Mongolia
@@leviiii1910 I know, but like, I was talking about region and not country.
This is very interesting. One correction: In Estonian, apelsinipuu is orange tree. The word for the fruit is just apelsin.
Really interesting to see how Romania is kinda just there vibing, while the language uses many words of Latin origin, there is a huge slavic influence, and then some words that just kinda appeared out of nowhere
The out of nowhere words are most likely dacian, given the fact that we still kept a small part of the dacian vocabulary to this day. There are only a few usual words tho.
@@NoActualReasonToLive Yea you're more than probably right, they could also be a combination of several different languages. It's really strange how Romania, while being surrounded by slavic and balkanic countries, remained pretty Roman compared to it's neighbours.
@@NoActualReasonToLive there is only one "out of nowhere" (unknown origin) word in this list - "brânză". the rest of them have clear origin. also, this map is a simplification, for some words there is regional variation. and there are errors - for some reason for flour and meat rep of moldova uses different words (which they don't)