I have an brother in law half gagauz half moldovan and he seed gagauz is two words means right mouth becouse this People are Turks christians and prefer to go in other country for not became muslims.
Not Super Germany, small super Germany. Sudetenland, Prague, Silesia, Prussia were mostly ethnically German plus the large areas outside of Germany that were ethnically majority German
One you missed is Sardinian. I had a Sardinian exchange student stay with my family for a year and he was adamant that Italian and Sardinian are different languages. He set out to prove this by speaking Sardinian to another exchange student from Italy (specifically Milan) and she says she could understand about 60% of it. Apparently that's less than Swedes and Norwegians can understand from eachother so I'd say it's definitely a language
im half Sardinian and half south italian, this video got it extremely wrong with italy. first of all Sardinian is officialy recognised by the italian government as a language along with friulian and Ladin in the northeast of italy. Along with this Sardinia is an autonmous region and has full rights regarding the language and contrary to most outsider belief it is still spoken by the majority of the island including youth. Italys languages are divided into 4 subgroups of romance languages (gallo italic in the north, italo dalmatian in the center and south) , rhaeto romance only with ladin and friulian and Sardinian languages for Campidanese and Logudorese Sardinian ALL developed independently from Latin and not Italian which bases itself on the rennesaince florentine dialect of tuscany (tuscan is a grouping of dialects spoken in Tuscany and falls under the italo dalmatian term) made popular by Dante Alighieri and was not spoken by anyone except said city in the Italian peninsula before italian unification in 1861. these languages are all still spoken and referred to as dialects sadly . as last he missed so many sparse languages spoken in Italy such as the arberesh Albanian of the south which came from albanian immigrants escaping during ottoman rule spoken in different villages and towns mainly in the province of Cosenza Calabria but also in other southern regions but in smaller scales, greek also has a small population of speakers (its estimated to be around 80 000) mainly spoken in some towns in the province of Lecce (the heel of italy) , some villages of Reggio Calabria (the tip of the boot) and very few speakers in the Sicilian city of Messina. these are just a two but there are many other language islands inside Italy. if you are more interested or dont believe me look up "languages of italy" basically anywhere as so many outsiders and italians too get this wrong all the time!
How much Swedes understand depends on which Norwegian dialect you are talking about, as they can be quite different. Here is my attempt at writing some of them down using a mix of Norwegian, English and self-made orthography: I used я to represent a "French-pronounced" guttural R. Æ is pronounced like the A in "back". Ø is pronounced like the U in "burn". All of the example dialects have very different intonations. Æ fatt itsh ka dø prat om, æ e eyn moshom kall. Ævet'itsh. Yæy fatter ikke va du prater om, yæy ær en moshom kar. Ye'vetke. Ya fattar inte va du pratar om, ya ær en roli kille. Yavet'nte. Eg fatte ishe ka du pяate om, eg e en løylege kaя. Egvet'she. Eg faddaя ichye å du pяadaя om, e e en moяsom kaя. Eg'vedchye. Guess which one is Swedish! (general Stockholm-area dialect) Solution at the bottom! In written Norwegian (which noone speaks) it would be written like this: Jeg fatter ikke hva du prater om, jeg er en morsom kar. Jeg vet ikke. (Bokmål) Eg fatter ikkje kva du pratar om, eg er ein morsom kar. Eg veit ikkje. (Nynorsk) Sometimes, though rarely, people write in their own dialects, and it can be almost completely unintelligble for speakers of other dialects. Some of the dialects would more often use other words than "fatte" and "prate", and in general have different vocabulary for many things, but I made them the same for easier comparison. English: "I don't understand what you are talking about, I am a funny guy. I don't know." Dialects are from these places, top to bottom: Trondheim, Oslo, Sweden, Stavanger, Kristiansand.
Sorry but this is incorrect. While it's true that Sardinian is its own language, there is no way that a Sardinian cannot fully understand Italian. Your friend was messing with you.
There are a lot of oversemplifications, especially in the Southern countries. Setting Galician apart from Portuguese while implying that Sardinian, a language on its own, is a dialect of Italian sounds very arbitrary; not to mention that Alghero (in Sardinia) counts very few Catalan speakers, while Corse has a language that is a proper (in this case) dialect of Italian. I guess the map you’ve found tends to enlighten the territories where a minority/secondary language is officially recognized, which is the case in Spain and Italy while France has always strongly opposed to any recognition.
Alghero has around 15 000 Catalan speakers, and he completely ignored every other regional language in Italy whilst Corsican can be considered a dialect or a very close language to Tuscan
@@LaBestiaVivente it's for surface level understanding for entertainment. I think it is good that it provokes conversation and for those that want to know more will just wikipedia it.
Completely ignored Malta. Maltese is very linguisticaly unique in Europe, considering it is *semitic* see no. 97 in 9:43 but mixed with A LOT of Romance (Italian) Sad Maltese here 🇲🇹
Our languages parted some 3000 years ago, still most of the structure has been preserved. And there are many direct sound shifts which lift basic words from one of the languages to the other. (p to f, k to h, starting s to nothing) An Estonian friend spent some half a year in Hungary, he learnt the language nearly perfectly. The words can be different but the grammar is rather transparent. And, surprisingly, he has no foreign "accent", although his pronounciation differs from standard. Its rather a strong dialect, the sounds seem to be Hungarian from a remote place in the country. Instead of "which country are you from" one would ask "which village"?
@@gaborfarkas3397 Oh, wow, thank you for the information! I just knew the fact that they are related, but never looked into similarities. Good to know.
Italian dialects are, in fact, local languages. The meaning of "dialect" is quite different from the rest of the world. You also forgot about Occitan, the language spoken in Southern France and very different from French (a prestige language in Medieval Ages, but nowadays at risk of extinction).
Such a centralized rule from Paris killed the different languages in France,like Occitan Breton And Catalan all of them almost extinct in France,thats what separatists here in Spain dont understand if Catalonia was part of France the would speak as much catalan as in Rosellon(almost nothing)
@Safwaan Pre WW1 Germany.... how long to be exact? 45 years before WW1 Germany don't even exist. also if they somehow got revived they won't be able to get their old land because barely any Germans live there anymore, most have escaped to the western part of Germany in WW2
Norwegian, Danish and Swedish are in many ways the same language. I can give you an example. Yesterday I was in a shop and bought some clothes. I spoke norwegian, and the woman who sold me the clothes spoke swedish. We have some words that are different, but we have no problems to understand each other.
Always thought it would be cool for Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden (and maybe Finland!) to become one nation---Viking Land (of course, Greenland being part of Denmark would make it a pretty big place!). Capital city could be in the Faroe Islands! lol
It's very much a question of what defines a language. There's a lot of politics in it also. Had Scandinavia remained united, the three commonly perceived Scandinavian languages would have been considered dialects.
@@sputnikcaviar5592 fun to think about, but the traditional rivalry between Denmark and Sweden, and the desire for Norway, Finland and Iceland to state their own identity doesn't make it likely. But who knows? Some new geopolitical situation might upend the status quo and make it a possibility again.
@@dschledermann ...having been to all those places plus the Faeroe Islands...I would say they have more in common than a liberal NYC Biden voter and a conservative Oklahoma Trump voter! lol
@@sputnikcaviar5592 yeah, you are not incorrect in that the people are very similar with regards to politics, but Scandinavia is very different from the US. Currently I doubt Scandinavians would be very keen on the idea of a new union. I think people are satisfied with the current status. But again; who knows? If the debacle with Russia goes south, EU breaks up and NATO is weakened, some sort of unified Scandinavian state, closely aligned with the UK and the Netherlands might actually become a reality.
From a linguistic point of view: A dialect is a form of language variety, and these range from individual quirks of speaking, to what is called dialect - but whether something is a dialect or its own language ... oftentimes is a purely political decision. Many countries want to be known for speaking their own, national, language - and choose to label their variety as its own language, instead of being a dialect of another country's. A good example could be Swiss German or Austrian German. These are both extremely similar to the official German spoken in Germany (more specifically to its Southern dialects, especially Austrian German is very closely related to Bavarian - with rural areas often speaking a heavy dialect). But these countries wanted to have their own language, so they just declared "Swiss German" and "Austrian German" as such. A similar thing happened in Belgium, where the northern parts speak dialects of Dutch, yet they call these languages Flemish, after the region of Belgium they are spoken in, with a similar thing happening in regards to the French-speaking southern part. At the same time, Romance languages in Europe are all quite similar to each other (with French and Romanian being most distinct), since all evolved from Vulgar Latin (the Latin spoken by the common people) after the empire splintered. Here, the distinction between languages and dialects is especially interesting, since the degree of difference between many of the so-called dialects is often comparable to the differences between say Spanish and Italian. Yet, Gallician and Catallan are often named as dialects of Spanish by some, as do all the other languages with a low number of speakers in Spain, France and Italy (especially Italy, with its highly fragmented and quite distinct dialect map). And this is clearly politically motivated, to deny the speakers being culturally distinct enough o proclaim independence - after all, "they just speak a dialect, not their own language!" as some would say. Up to rather recently, there were attempts to drive dialects to extinction in some European countries, in favor of making the official dialect the only one. This happened for example in Spain under the Franco regime around WWII and in France before the French revolution, as well as with Celtic languages on the British isles. And it was done to the Sami people in Scandinavia, and most likely in many other places. (And the Europeans exported this practice to their old colonies, sadly, suppressing native languages and cultures).
@@sertaki kinda, but linguists themselves are descriptivists and debate it on the evidence their have, weighting each one. of course some cases might be still debated - scots for example, which is arguebly on its way to a language if the trend goes further. other cases are pretty strong to make in either direction. austrian is just pretty much bavarian and swiss german is alemannic dialect of high german. (and like i pointed out elsewhere, low german on the other hand is mostly agreed on to be its own language despite being forgotten or denounced - also one of the cases where they want them to extinct how u described. sadly true. gaelic another case) i hate how countries try denounce minor languages or dialects for the standard variety (which i guess u mean with offical dialect, basicly true i agree). or how some take extreme measures in that case (france, england, russian lead countries - ones I am aware of)
I suggest in the future to devote slightly more time in research. It would have been easy to find out the exact historical reasons for the Uralic languages in Europe, or why Romanian is a Romance language - making it unnecessary to guess and hypothesize.
Thanks for pointing out. There are tons of very simple but still linguistically accurate texts online, even on Wikipedia. Nowadays claiming you don't know something that could be basically solved within 3-4 clicks in the world of data and internet, it is just plain laziness and ignorance. Sorry to be harsh, but don't see any excuses here!
Exactly, I saw a map like this before and looked into the Uralic languages - they're so interesting and there's so much to say about them, he's missing out on a lot there. The Caucasian languages, too
Regarding Romanian he is right. Romanian is spoken in that part of the world due to the Roman invasion and settlement of Dacia. Although his use of the wordage "I think" does make it sound unnecessarily ambiguous.
The one word summary is "migration". Multiple groups did it multiple times. Sometimes they learned the language of their new neighbors, and sometimes they didn't. Sometimes they migrated to conquer, sometimes they migrated to escape conquest, and sometimes they migrated for environmental reasons.
You have missed a few things. 1. in the south of France there is another minority language called "Occitaine". Also, there is Corse. In Germany there are two more minority languages in the north, one is Danish and the other one is Frisian. I probably missed some as well.
To say that all of Italy speaks dialects of standard Italian is a major oversimplification. They're mostly dialects of the Romance language continuum, but they're not all on the same branch. But great video regardless!
Then there's Sicilian, which is not intelligible with Italian, Sardinian which is definitely not intelligible, and Neapolitan, which is only partly intelligible to people from the rest of Italy.
Hungarian and Finnish are related, even if it's not visible :) and they are both Uralic languages. I've learned some Finnish and seen that the logic of their grammar is almost the same as in Hungarian. And yes, Hungarians have come from the Ural region, and arrived to the Carpathian Basin in the 9th century. And Hungarian speakers outside of current Hungary is a painpoint for many countries still today. The Hungarian Kingdom included other nationalities who were not treated as equal at the time of the national movements from the 19th century. This led to them wanting to take a "revenge" on Hungary after WWI and the newly formed countries have taken territories where Hungarian speakers lived. (Which led to further problems...)
@@TheSpadaLunga Polish and Italian come from different lang families, and are totally different grammarically - Polish is an inflectional language, Italian is an analytical language. Finnish and Hungarian are both agglutinative languages and come from the same family.
@@TheSpadaLunga Are you drunk or just stupid? Polish is a Slavic language, Italian is a Romance language. They are very different, which I explained in the comment. "Indo-European" is a very remote superior order of classification, you silly.
and then, what is a langauge? Is that what now is recognized as language, or do dialects count too? Otherwise, Limburg and Lower Saxony are also forgotten like often Low Saxon and Limburgs are.
Actually all those Italian dialects are considered by experts as being their own languages, since they evolved independently from each other and not from standard Italian. Some of them, like Sardinian, are even officially recognised as such, even if in school it is taught that most of them are just dialects. I could understand not including them alla since it would make the map a mess and the vast majority of people who speak a regional language also speak Italian, but at least they could have included Sardinian because of its official status
Corse has nothing to do with french, it developed from medieval Italian and it is intelligible to Italian, not to french, which developed in a whole different area (not even in southern France so the closest part of France to Corsica but in northern France). Plus the definition of Italian dialect is different from the traditional one. They are actually languages. They share a lot in common, since they were all highly influenced in vocabulary and phonetic by Italian, but they are actually different languages.
While I agree that Corse (Corsican?) is closer to Italian than French and as such should be mentioned, I would argue that French and Italian are mutually intelligible to some extent to anyone that doesn't have a "that's another language so I don't understand" attitude.
Friuli once was an independent nation, and also one of the first democracy of Europe. Born in 1077, the Patriarchate of Aquileia had one of the first forms of parliamentary government where aristocracy, church and volgus (common people/citizens) was equally represented. It lasted until Venetians came to conquer and occupy our land.
the thing is that sometimes there isnt a clear line between dialect and language for example most people consider galician the same as portuguese,or bulgarian the same as macedonian or that a lot of germany doesnt actually speak "german"(standard german) they speak regional germanic languages which sometimes is unintelligible to standard german like bavarian or low german, same thing goes for italy. however both italy and germany are a dialect continuum the german one even includes netherlands and belgium
French from Alsace here : -> Alsace-Lorraine speaks two dialects of "German", Alsatian and Plattdeutsch, these are not Hochdeutsch but southern dialects. However, from my experience, the degree of intercomprehension is variable, though we could communicated with our Schwaben neighbor, it was impossible for my friends from the North of Germany to understand it (we made several experiences hehe). -> However, most people especially the younger generation have little to no knowledge of this dialects. -> Also in Italy i think French is no longer spoken or only minimaly in Aoste valley.
2:42 Where is Occitan on your map? Occitan is the language of the southern half of France, Catalan in Spain is a twin language of Occitan. Occitan (Catalan) is not French and not Spanish. _Ont es l'occitan sus la vòstra mapa ? occitan es la lenga parlada dins lo miegjorn de la França, lo catalan en Espanha es una lenga bessona de l'occitan. L'occitan (lo catalan) es pas brica francés, espanhòl tanpauc._
En tout cas on emmerde fort l'occitanie et les occitanophones, quelle blague d'ailleurs ce nom de région (je suis d'aveyron lol) et la culture occitane n'a jamais été notre, nous avons été guyennais, puis à un moment sous la domination du comté de foix donc les pseudo-nationalistes occitans mdr
@@Hugo-cn9no ça se discute... Le pseudo-nationalisme occitan est de mon point de vue pas moins crédible que le pseudo-régionalisme guyennais-aveyronnais, l'un étant d'obédience nationaliste romantique (le nationalisme romantique a connu son âge d'or au 19e siècle avec la réunification de l'Italie et l'union de l'Allemagne), l'autre (le régionalisme aveyronnais) étant d'héritage historique médiéval (attachement nostalgique à l'ancien duché de Guyenne et Gascogne).
A finn could have a short discussion with a carelian. The biggest way they differ from each other is the way they're written. Words have mostly same meanings and structure of the language is similar. Eesti for finns sounds like they're trying really hard to speak finnish but they're making up new words and new meanings to words. But we're pals, I wish to visit soon again ❤️
The Dutch government recognises two more languages: Low Saxon, spoken in the north and east of the country, and Limburgish, spoken in the southeast. Both languages are spoken in parts of Germany as well.
It is so sad that Slovenian language wasn't even mentioned, while you also wrote Slovakia instead of Slovenia in a video about country name origins. You shouldn't neglect one country while thoroughly covering the others. Otherwise great videos.
@@django_KS19 Lol Iceland was not ignored. He mentioned it at 3:49. Czech, Polish, Slovak and Slovenian were not mentioned at all. Or I did not catch it.
Two countries that could merge in the future are Moldova and Romania, not only because of the common language but culture as well. They have been one country in the past so its not entirely possible.
6:31 I'll give you some explanation (whoever is Moldovan too correct me if I'm wrong) So, most of Moldova speaks Romanian/Moldovan(which is the same except small differences and Russian slangs) but in the autonomous region of Gagauzia it's spoken Gagauz, a turkic language, and then to the east there's a small stripe that is Transnistria/Pridnestrovie, an unrecognised country which already declared independence, there it's spoken Moldovan too in some places, to the north Ukrainian and to the south of it (closer to the capital) it's spoken Russian, which is their official language
I know personally someone who is from gagauz zone. He speaks a Russian dialect and I feel like most gagauz people refuse speaking Romanian. Also they are orthodox Turks so yeah.. weird mix
Gagauz people do not speak gagauz language. Instead, they speak russian. They are pro russians. When Romanian president offered scholarships to Gagauz students to come to Romania to learn Gagauz language, in the local schools in Dobrogea region which has a Turkish minority, the Gagauz refused. Another thing, when Transnistria declared independence from Moldova, Gagauzia also declared independence and they had the intention to unite with Russia. After negociations with the Moldovan government the Gagauz received autonomy for their region inside R. Of Moldova
@@vjflow749 that’s interesting... I never knew that, my relative was raised by Gagauz people, but nobody was really informed about this to tell me, Thanks
Where is the Occitan language? estimates range from 100,000 to 800,000 speakers in total today, that's a lot! ranked 46th language by the Calvet barometer measuring the weight of the world's languages in 2012. I see that you put Catalan in Spain, yet Catalan was considered only a dialect of Occitan until the end of the 19th century. Moreover, in Catalonia, Occitan is a co-official language with Catalan and Spanish.
Occitan is cooficial in Catalonia due to the language beeing native to the people of the Vall d'Aran, not because Catalan is considered to be Occitan. Yes, they are more relates to each other than they are to Spanish and French, but they are still distinct. You wouldn't say Frisian and English are the same would you? Still, its sad to think that the only place where Occitan language is protectes is in Spain, when 98% of it is spoken in France...
There is a village in Ukraine where people used to speak swedish in, But i think all those people are gone now. "Gammalsvenskby" in Ukraine. As a swede, I found that hella interesting.
@@torzsmokus No, it has nothing to do with that. The people of Gammalsvenskby where forcefully moved there by Russia from Estonia, in the 15th century, back then Estonia, or this part of Estonia at least belonged to Sweden. Fun fact: The land where saint petersburg is today also used to belong to sweden. No, you cant say finland, as finland had never been a soverign state until their independance from Russia. The boo hoo - iness from the finnish side towards the swedes tends to omit that all villagers and farmers in what was sweden back then, where forceully christianized. It was not especially done just for the finns..and for that matter then the swedes should be just as angry with the germans. - A finnish-swede, who likes history.
That's Zmiivka in Kherson region. It was occupied for 8 months and what I know it's damaged but not destroyed completely, I think +- third part of the community stayed (just like in other villages which in war zone).
@@General.Knowledge corsican/french person who lives in corsica here. To be fair french is the majority language in corsica nowadays, corsican is still present on every signs you'll see and occasionally if you go to a bar/pub in any city/town you'd probably have elders singing corsican songs. Though unfortunately there are more people speaking french than people speaking corsican and it's very rare to hear anyone speaking corsican to another person. Thankfully though there are measures taken to preserve the language like if you go the university you'll have a mandatory club activity to pick from related to corsican, be it talking with corsican speakers or partaking in classes that teach you about corsican history and culture through linguistic ateliers like cinematography and etc
@@fazznoanimation1031 sadly france is an extremely centralized state. Do you now the history of corsican? Napoleon III enacted the "francisata" or "gallicisation" of corsican aiming at slowly replacing corsican words with french loan words basically killing the language without doing it directly, the only corsican strongholds was the church and italian univeristies like Pisa or Bologna, but then all travel to italy was banned and people had to study at french univeristies instead, after that in all church activities corsican was banned. Even today corsican is not a recognized language in france and the island is not even autonomous, some corsicans carry old tuscan or old sardinian last names without even knowing it (and probably butchering the pronounciation of their own surname)
This is really a minefield. If you want to do this subject justice, you need at least 20 hours more time to go much deeper. 😉 Nation-state language are somewhat arbitrary. Do you know that you can walk from e.g. Porto in Portugal to Messina in Italy and each village could communicate well with its neighbours. Where does a language start, where does it end? That's really tricky. The same goes for Dutch and German; Danish, Swedish and Norwegian; Macedonian and Bulgarian. Bielorussian and Ukrainian. Karelean has lots of Russian words in it, but remains a Finnish dialect? And history is a huge !!!! factor everywhere. For example many Germans can understand Dutch better than Bavarian for example. 😆 Just saying. ....
Hungarian here and yes there are still sizeable Hungarian populations in neighbouring countries. Most of these are located in Romania however, the next most are located in Slovakia and Serbia. I have met many Slovakian Hungarians and have a lot of friends from Transylvania! There’s approx. 1.5 million Hungarian still left in Transylvania today.
The nation most likely to split up based on language is obviously Spain. The nations most likely to combine via language are probably Germany and Austria but that's harder to say for certain
5:46 dude, there are no Macedonian speakers in Bulgaria. People around Blagoevgrad speak a dialect of Bulgarian only slightly closer to standard Macedonian than standard Bulgarian is.
I'm from Portugal and I've been following your channel for some time, I even understand English but I would be happy if you put subtitles in Portuguese and in other languages so that other people who don't speak English natively can enjoy your content
The language group issue provides its own set of problems. For example English speakers can't understand Germans but Spanish speakers can understand Portuguese if they speak slowly. I would say just because there is a root language group doesn't mean structurally the languages are compatible to each other. Then add culture on top of that and culturally Romanians are similar to Slavs not Latins. Same could be said with swedish people having a culture closer to Russia than Germany.
@@pecadodeorgullo5963 A very good English teacher in RUclips called Gideon recently pointed out that the latin-rooted percentage of present day English is higher than the Germanic-rooted. I don't remember the percentage.
@@juanfran579 true i mean English literally took words like death from the Normans and stuff and it is a mixed bag with some words having greek (root words), latin (root words), french and italian
@@paintingdreams290 Death is of Germanic origin though whereas Normans were speaking Old French. Actual words brought by the Normans are: people (in Modern French peuple), favorite (favori), age (âge), flower (fleur), beef (bœuf), mutton (mouton), veal (veau), pork (porc), salmon (saumon), real (réel), colour (couleur), servant (servant), error (erreur), butcher (boucher), button (bouton), crime (crime), dungeon (donjon), eagle (aigle), defeat (défaite), enemy (ennemi), fashion (façon), fraud (fraude), joy (joie), judge (juge), leasure (loisir), launch (lancer), manor (manoir), marriage (mariage), liberty (liberté), noun (nom), noble (noble), pleasure (plaisir), odour (odor), occupy (occuper), pocket (pochette), reason (raison), river (rivière), salary (salaire), royal (royal), sir (sire), madam (madame), pigeon (pigeon), cry (crier), escape (échapper), port (port), autumn (automne), strange (étrange), manner (manière), desire (désirer), savage (sauvage) etc.
Catalan and basque are also spoken in french territory. In France are also spoken occitan (forgotten in the video) and corsican, in the island of Corsica (along with the mentioned in the video). In Italy (where, as you say, catalan is also still spoken in a corner of sardinia) are also spoken Sicilian, Sardinian, Napolitan and venetian, at least. In italy they call them "dialects". yes, they are "dialects" from the latin, as it is "italian" (in fact is tuscan, from the toscania region) itself. In spain, along with basque, galaico-portuguese (galego and portuguese are the same language) and catalan are also spoken aragonese, asturianu and occitan (in a catalan valley, the only place where occitan has official recognition (by catalan authorities) ). about "what makes sense" 10:47 i would say that what makes sense is to left to people to chose what makes sense: is called democracy and human rights. Most of current borders come from wars, written by blood, and after that most, if not all the states tried to destroy the languages of the minorities left within each state. So if i should chose between a border written in blood and pursuing cultural genocide or democracy, i chose the second. whatever you think that makes sense or not.
The south estonian language is called voro. there is also another one but i forgot what it was called In latvia there are two languages: latgalian and livonian. latgalian is spoken in the eastern part of latvia where rezekne and daugavpils is (its considered a dialect by the government but the others say its a different language). livonian is a uralic language which only has a few speakers left (and only 1 native speaker born a few years ago). Lithuania has samogitian which is considered a dialect of lithuanian (like latgalian)
I caught some mistakes about languages in the Netherlands. 1. The map showed about the Frisian language isn't accurate (in modern sense). In West-Friesland, Groningen, Ostfriesland, Wilhelmshaven and Bremerhaven, Frisian has been extinct. West-Fries is an Hollandic language, Gronings, Ostfries Low German and the other dialects in the Weser-Ems region are Low Saxon. Don't get me wrong they used to be Frisian and they still have a Frisian substrate but they aren't Frisian! 2. You should definitely have included Low Saxon/Low German as a separate language, it is spoken in a huge area, yes there isn't a standard version but is Friulian? Catalan?
Silesian usage is very limited. As someone who lives in Upper Silesia I very, very rarely hear it. I believe most of people there can't speak it. Those who can probably use it only in some closed circles like family at home etc.
Silesian and Kashubian are not used by many people, both have less than 200-300 thousand speakers. Besides, Silesian and often Kashubian are seen as dialects of the Polish language. This is a complicated matter for linguists.
You guys arguing that Silesian and kashubian are ˋonlyˋ being spoken by 200-300 people respectively and therefore shouldn’t be included on the map is kinda funny considering that Sorbian is only spoken by 30-60 thousand people (and that only thanks to massive state assistance to revive the language), yet he cut out two big parts out of Germany because of the Sorbian minority 😂
Bulgaria has glimpse of turkic languages because they were used to be khanate and they territory was spread out from modern Bulgaria through the south east of Ukraine and was ending close to russian ural mountains. Those small groups of turkic speaking people in Bulgaria, Chuvash, Bashkir people in Russia are the only last descendants of that khanate.
The French map is incorrect as it ignores the Occitan language spoken in southern France and Norman in northern France. Sicilian and Sardinian are different enough from Italian to be its own language
@@augth Which is entirely the fault of successive French governments over the last two centuries forcing (Parisian) French on school children and punishing them if they spoke Occitan, Breton, etc.. These languages won't have died, they will have been murdered.
Why do people only remember Occitan when Corsican is much more alive, and corsica has only been a French colony for 200 years. They must resist French centralismo and preserve their beatiful language
Hey, a Moldovan here! Basically, this map regarding Moldova is very wrong. While it's true that the southern territories have a kind of their own language, there is still some inaccuracy. Let me explain. So, first of all, almost all the territory of Moldova must be a mix of the 2 languages - them being romanian and russian, and not just small particles of russian here and there. Because the majority of our population knows and speaks both languages, at least on the basic level and uses them in daily life. Also for those who ask: Why romanian and not moldavian language? If short, romanian is an umbrella term for 3 dialects: moldavian, wallachian and transylvanian. Each from its own part (while Wallachia and Moldova were kingdoms back then, Transylvania was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire), that united in one country under the name of Romania (but we parted ways at some point). Thus there's no wrong answer between romanian and moldavian, cause it's basically the same language. Second, that mixture of languages that you see in the south, is not situated in Moldova. That is our former territory, that's why there are particles of romanian language in there. However now it is under Ukraine, if you pay attention you will see the borderline between Republic of Moldova and that mix of green. But it's true, indeed, that russian language plays a much bigger role in the East and South of the country... Let's say - because of the cultural and political preferences of the population there; that is Transnistria and Gagauz (it's a lot to write in order to explain this, so i'll gladly try my best to do that only if someone's interested). Lastly, about the Gagauz. The gagauz people also speak 2 languages, mostly russian and gagauz, from what i know (and some even 3 if we include those who know romanian). I'm not gagauz and i don't really know their history, so i'll use the open info from the internet (Thanks, Wikipedia!). So, the ancestors of the gagauz people today, immigrated from the current-day Bulgarian Black Sea coast, north of Varna, to Russian Empire and settled in the region that is now the current-day Republic of Moldova. My take is that, at that time the balkanic territories (including Bulgaria) and its languages were majorly influenced by the Ottoman Empire while under its rule, and when gagauz came to Russian Empire it was yet again influenced. Well, as any language that is in great proximity to other languages and territories over decades. I don't know if i'm right or wrong, but it makes sense to me, as it is stated in wiki that though gagauz is a distinct language from Balkan Gagauz Turkish, it is a language derived from it. It is also stated, and you can see that by the color code on that map too, that gagauz is a language with turkic roots, alongside Azerbaijani, Turkmen, and Turkish. And besides Moldova it is also spoken in some regions of the Ukraine, Russia (that were influenced by turkic population) and Turkey itself. Plus, fun fact: despite gagauz being a pretty old language, as an official and written language it is surprisingly young (1957). So yeah, something like this! I hope the information i brought helped clarifying things and it wasn't boring. I also hope that i explained well, because english is not my first (nor second xD ) language, thus there may be mistakes. Enjoy your time of the day (whatever it is)!
Thank you for making us understand the current situation about the language dispute (Romanian-Russian) in our beautiful Moldova. I just have an objection. As an gagauzian itself. We believe we are Greeks and not türks neather Bulgarians or aromanians. We believe that we are tribes from pondos and Constantinople/Instabul territories who left Greece to escape from the slaughtering of the Turks. We believe in Hellenism and we embrace it, we learn Greek language in school and actually we have a big community of Pontians here. Now, I know many things had changed after two centuries... But that's what we are or what at least believe we are 🇬🇷 - 🇹🇷 ♥ 🇷🇴 Ps. My grandmother used to speak Greek while my father knew some Greek as well. But from my mother's side all my family used to talk Turkish or Romanian 🤔 I've got no idea what's happening
@@Ιωάννης-π2ο Well Greece is still balkanic region so i think my theory still works. Sorry if i mistook something. Thanks for adding veritable info! Friends! 🤗
As a Hungarian I would like to thank you for dedicating much for hungarian language. So yes those who live in surrounding countries are hungarians, they live there since 896 (the Hungarian nomads arrived from Ural territory). In 1920 two thirds of our territory was tken away, however c.c 50% of the population on those territories werent hugarians, but romanians, slovakians etc. All in all 5 million hungarians were torn away from the motherland, and since then (1920) their population is smaller every year.
maybe because those weren't their lands, historically and culturally - which explains why they went back to normal quickly post-occupation, as shown in the current map.
If it's that serious can't the Hungarian government take it to the eu court or something like that since both of these countries are in the EU. Sincerely, a Turk who's ancestors started to migrate into Anatolia in the year ~1000 from central Asia.
@@ThisAlias I f we could than every country has territory disputes with their neighbours to some extent, so giving back territories would be a never ending chain reaction.
During the 19th century, 7,000-8,000-year-old archaeological finds were found in Hungary (Archaeological finds with ancient Hungarian runic writing...), drawing attention to the ancient past. Not to mention the antiquity of the Hungarian language! The question is legitimate. Why did the Kingdom of Hungary have to be liquidated? Maybe many people didn't like the ancient past in Europe...? Unfortunately, nothing was written about this question...
Vous avez oublié l’Occitan dans toute la moitié sud de la France , ainsi que l’Arpitan , le Corse , le Sarde, le Cornique dans le sud de L’Angleterre .
The Netherlands has an officially recognised minor language called Nedersaksisch (Low Saxon, also known as Low German) that stretches all the way into Russia's Kaliningrad. It has different dialects so it would be limited but older people that still speak the language could have a conversation with each other throughout that area.
As a people living in Alsace (the region of France shown as german speaking) i can say that even if a significant part of the population that might be under 50% i think speak german it is a second language that they learned at school and in an overwhelming majority it ins’t the language that people use in their everyday life (i dont speak German for example) but we have a regional language like the breton that is a mixte of french and german (like catalan is a mixte of french and spanish in a certain way) and this language is spoke fluently by at least as many people as german in Alsace and unlike german even if we speak french most of the time we use some world of these language when we talk ( a similar case to breton) but no problem its a really good vidéo i enjoyed it i just wanted to give my knowledge of the subject considering im directly concerned
As someone who lives like 15km away from France, maybe it's the same in France as it is here in Germany. Here, because we live so close to France (and maybe Saarland belonging to France then Germany then France and Germany again lol) we also have to learn French in school but people don't usually speak French. And there are some French people living at the border but also Germans living in France (I've had multiple classmates like that lol)
I live in Luxembourg. I only recall meeting one French from Alsace-Lorraine with a very good level of German. Besides the only language used as native language is French
I feel like many of these borders' extent are so arbitrary, or perhaps just simply historical, because today some of these languages have very little population of speakers(percentage wise). Like Breton for example, only has around 200,000 speakers, which is less than 5% of the total population of modern-day Brittany. It's even lower when it comes to French Flemish speakers up north, with less than 100k. Perhaps, Alsatian and Occitan have significant numbers of speakers, to maybe be shown in the map. I bring this up because I just watched the South American video of this topic and Quechuan languages didn't have separate borders like how Breton have their own borders here. There are millions of Quechuan speakers and are far more significant in number of speakers compared to Breton, Alsatian, and French Flemish speakers, and yet, they were just merged/absorbed within the borders of Spanish.
the thing with Italy is that Friulan, Sardinian, Tirolese, Slovenian, Croatian, Ladin, Albanese, Occitan, Griko and Provençal are considered by the government as separate protected languages. All other languages (not dialects, as they developed before Italian, directly from Latin) don't have the same recognized protected status as those. Also most local languages come in hundreds of different variations, with a non-absolute level of intelligibility from one another, so if we were to count all of Italy's languages, it would take a lifetime, so for some it's easier to just group all of Italy under "Italian" and call local languages as "dialects" while neither classification is correct.
Small correction: you said that French is also spoken in the Belgian province Wallonia. Wallonia is not a province but a region that itself consists of 5 provinces. :-)
In Italy there are neither "a thousand" languages or "one language". There are 15 languages in Italy if we exclude some linguistic islands. However, Italy is selective about recognizing languages - only the peripheral ones are recognised, while languages like Lombard, Venetian, Neapolitan ecc. are ignored.
Well, what you are assuming is wrong. I have MANY friends from western belarus and western Ukraine, ALL of them speak Polish, and their parents, and their grandparents, and their friends... sometimes even signs on the streets are written in Polish@@anothervinnie7413
It's also important to remember that a country's borders will influence where the languages are spread. If the borders stand long enough, you will eventually have more of the common language closer to all corners, with only exceptions likely being officially recognized secondary languages that are protected.
Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia, and Montenegro do not have different languages that are similar. They share the same language that has minor differences. If you can understand someone with at least 85 to 95% of the words being the same that is the same language in it's core.
In Germany, there is still Low German in the north, but there the dialects differ greatly by region. In East Frisia where I grew up we have more loan words from Dutch, in some churches the service was even held in Dutch until the First World War. Low German in East Frisia is also closely related to the "Gronings" dialect in the Netherlands and people understand each other very well, while standard Dutch is again different. The verb for "to speak" in our Low German is "proten" (from Dutch: praten) and otherwise "schnacken" is almost always used. Now I live in Friesland (not to be confused with Dutch Friesland) and there is a "boarder" between villages between "proten" and "schnacken", because some villages had stronger connections to East Frisia due to natural barriers (moor, North Sea coastline). I am 33 and unfortunately only a few people my age still speak relatively fluent Low German, which I find a great pity. I work in customer service for Germany and Austria in quality assurance and there are also some dialect forms in Austria that are quite difficult for me to understand, as well as Swiss German or Luxembourgish. My mother has lived at the other end of Germany in southeastern Bavaria for 10 years and when I visit her, I always have to pay very close attention to what is being said with long-established dialect speakers and still only understand about 60-70% and the rest I have to guess or infer from the context.
yeah okay but as a swiss german we speak perfect low standard german and can switch up between the accent. we also have to speak standard german in formal occasions
A basque speaker here, a language isolate. It is weird to see that you have forgotten the occitan language in France and in parts of Italy. A language that has even a literature nobel prize (Mistral).
6:26 Moldova mostly speaks Romanian, as we are also Romanians, even though many Moldovans would tell you about a “Moldavian Language” but That’s all Russian propaganda. The Gagauz is a turkish language that has remained here in southern moldova from when Greater Moldova was under the ottoman empire. The part of ukraine, south of Moldova used to be part of Moldova but the USSR gave it to ukraine, slowly taking that territory away from moldova or romania so that’s why there’s a mess of languages there. In rest, everyone here speaks Romanian or Russian. :)
Mappers still pretend for Italian languages to be just "Italian" What you called dialects are completely distinct languages one another and are not intelligible, it's more the difference between Sicilian and Italian than Catalan and Castillan
In a sea of Germanic, Slavic and Latin languages, you have the unique Hungarian language, right in the middle. Respect to Hungary for somehow keeping their language.
As a Hungarian, I think the Uralic Union with Finland, Estonia and Hungary would be based, but cursed. 5:06 Also speaking of dialects, I'm from a region of Hungary, where 3 different dialects have a tripoint, so I kinda speak 3-ish dialects of Hungarian
Van egy Finn ismerősöm, semmi hasonló nincs a kettő nyelvben, lehet hogy ugyan abba a családba tartozunk de a Finnek és a Magyarok már kb. 3000 éve nem voltak egy nép. A Finnek legközelebb az Észtekhez lennének, de közöttük is van kb egy 1000-1500 év.
@@samuraidom6542 az nem igaz, hogy semmi hasonlóság nincs... attól még, hogy egy ideje külön fejlődnek ezek a nyelvek, lehet találni a közös múltunkra utaló hasonlóságokat
Croatia, Serbia, and Bosnia speak the same language. Differences are so minor. There are greater differences in Slovenia, German, Italian, than is the difference between those three languages.
I respect your work and I know that this is an impossible task: what differenciates a language from a dialect is not always clear and depending on how you interpret it it can change everything! Also I don't understand how big a language has to be to be counted (how is corsican not on the map for example?) My region for example can be seen as divided between italian and german if you oversimplify, but if you want to go too much into detail (to the point that the map is unintelligible and that it is controversial whether a couple of choices are actually languages) you have venetian, lombard, german, cimbrian, ladin, mocheno, nones ladin, trentin and italian
Overseas départements of France, which are part of France, in the Indian ocean, carribeans and south America, all have their own languages. Alsacien is its own language, occitan and Basque are making a big come-back, and Corsican is its own language too. Picard and Ch'timi aren't dead in the North either. The government called these "dialects" for a very long time to diminish their importance, but they're all languages on their own.
Picard and Ch’timi are dialects of French (langues d’oïl) not independent languages. Occitan and Breton are so close to death they cannot be resurrected and all regional languages are in decline except maybe Catalan and Basque which are preserved thanks to the Spanish side of the border.
@@augth occitan is making a big come back. French isn't the langue d'oïl, it is A langue d'oïl, like Picard or Normand. They're part of the same language family but are all languages of their own. What we call French is just the Paris language, pr "dialect", also known as francilien. Just like Catalan and Castillan aren't dialects of each other, or Scots and English are different languages.
I really hope that French languages aren't dead. I live in Alsace but I see very rarely people actually speaking it. Although it does exist on historic monuments. I really hope the current centralised state will end, it reminds me of the US treatment of Native Americans. Long live Occitània, Breizh, Elsàss, Corsica, Arpitania, and Picardie !
@@gamermapper it's mostly old timers speaking them, but I know a few people learning Occitan, our créoles and other island languages are still thriving too. But as you said, I truly hope they get a new start, like Irish gaelic is doing right now
The map is innaccurate. I am Ukrainian and in Ukraine people speak Russian all the way up to central Ukraine. Russian is even more spoken than Ukrainian (although Ukraine's 2001 "census" says otherwise)
If the citizenship actually depended on the preferred spoken language, then a lot of these people in Ukraine would simply make a choice to refuse to speak Russian.
My family is from Italy, near Venice. My parents spoke the dialect of the region together and Italian to me. I understand almost every Italian dialect. Unless very old people are speaking very fast. The Southern dialects of course are more difficult but after 2 weeks constantly hearing them it's ok. My aunt married a Furlan - a man speaking Friaul. I do not understand him and I often spend time in Friuli. Just saying. As I grew up in Switzerland, the German speaking part, my main language is German and I understand every dialect. In both languages of course there are single words in some dialects that I do not know. But I can follow a conversation or understand a radio programm.
@Eduardo Goyzueta We all do. We speak our dialect in all situations, even Swiss professors at universities speak dialect together. In other countries speaking dialect is mostly perceived as "uneducated". Here it's normal. But at school we are taught to read and write in Standard German. So we write letters, emails and documents and we read books and newspapers in Standard German. It depends on the part you live but my dialect is about as different from German as is Spanish from Italian. But we are used to it. Children have to learn another language and reading/writing simultaneously.
@@ValeriusMagni Ah, I grew up in the Italian community in Switzerland. My parents are from the North, we have family nel Veneto e nel Piemonte but the majority of Italians here are from the South. Calabria, Sicilia e Campania. They all came in the 1960ies, so they all speak dialect. We had to learn to understand it.
“Perhaps Yugoslavia would reunite”. Aye, shush, my poor Croatian grandma whose family fled Yugoslavia / Austria-Hungary and finally lived to see Croatia finally earn independence. Croatians strongly argue that their language is unique, though understandable by their neighbors. Much like how Spanish-speaking Spaniards can pretty much understand their Portuguese friends speaking Portuguese.
Yugoslavia is dead and i hope it stays that way. About language, we call our language based on the name of a country we are living in, you can call it serbian, croatian, bosnian, montenegrian,..... what ever, language is VERY similar and i can understand sometimes more Bosnians and Croatians then Serbians from the south, does that make serbians from the south speak another language ???
5:22 Ladin is a minority language descended from Latin but with a lot a German influence, and Friulian is just really different from Italian (to me because they included it, they should've also added Sardinian and maybe Neapolitan?)
There's a mistake about Greece. The area, where you showed that people speak Turkish in fact is home to a Turkish speaking minority of about 100.000 people. But the majority of the population in West Thrace are ethnically Greek. So from that point of view Berlin should also have been shown as part of Turkiye and Paris should be Arab, if we just randomly take any language spoken by a small part of the population. Also if Norwegian, Danish and Swedish are considered separate languages, you made a mistake about Germany. It should be split between Low German, Allemanic and Bavarian.
Friaulian and ladin aren't dialects, but their own languages, which are in the same sub language group as romansh. They have nothing more in common with italian as any other romance language (such as sardinian)
I do live in a country with approximately 277 languages and dialects (or even more). Still, they are used mostly by ethnic minorities. What is peculiar for me is that the authors of the maps haven't highlighted the Manx language of The Isle of Man (even though Irish and Scottish Gaelic were shown). And the thing about the Gagauz people is that it is an ethnic group of Turkic origin who came from the Balkans and settled in modern day Moldavia and some other countries
I may be incorrect, but i believe Manx is officially a dead language, no one actively uses it as language for conversations or writing outside of academia, so It wouldn't really count as a language that would influence a region anymore. I could be wrong, but I think that is the case. There's probably some kind of revitalization projects for it, but not that i'm aware of.
I had a quick look now after curiosity got the better of me and it seems it did go extinct but has subsequently been brought back as i presumed it might have, interesting, so ideally you are correct and it should have been shown~
@@ShirotheWiseWolf Manx went extinct in the 1970's and while the revival process is ongoing, currently only ca. 50 people speak it as their first language. No point in showing it on the map
the “italian local dialects” ARE NOT DIALECTS (a lot/most of them), they do not come from italian, in fact they all were formed at the same time, and if we consider the “dialects” as such, it would imply italian is a dialect of itself, as it was the language spoken by the important people in florence
just wanted to say that in Poland pretty much everybody speek Polish, except for a minorities speaking Silesian in the region of Silesia and Kashubian in the north
Missing: Spanish in North Africa (Ceuta). Because you included the whole country of Turkey and parts of Syria, Iraq, Kazakhstan, which are in Asia. I know that the border between Asia and Europe doesn't really exist, but since you include the whole Turkey in the presentation...
Missing from this map are Somalian, Arabic, Farsi, Hindi, etc. that have very large and growing populations of active speakers in Europe, and are now amongst the major languages in Europe. These linguistic communities would form large states within most European states.
7:12 protectorate?? We’re not a protectorate we’re an illegally occupied territory- also we speak Cypriot Turkish, which is sometimes unintelligible to Turks
@@bengu3987 Lmao whatever greek cypriots have a strange greek accent too, its normal to have some diffrences in spoken language when you have been seperated by the mainland and have a slightly diffrent history.
Honestly, almost nobody speaks Breton. if you consider Ireland to be more English than Gaelic and Corsica to be more French than Corsican, then Brittany is absolutely French.
6:00 Unsure about other countries, but specifically when it comes to Serbia, the northern most province of Vojvodina has historically been populated by Hungarians, only relatively recently (1600s, after the Austro-Turkish wars) did a major demographic shift happen, where in Vojvodina, Slavonia and Baranya were populated by Serbs escaping Ottoman reprisals for our role during the wars. If im not mistaken Serbs became the majority in those areas during 1700s though, however dont hold me on that one, as im unsure. Greetings from Serbia, great video
Not true, Serbs were always majority there but there were also movement from Serbs from other parts of Serbia in 1600s due Ottoman invasion. Slavs were present on territory of Pannonian basin before Hungarian arrival on that territory (they came im 9th centry in Pannonia). When Hungarians came in 9th century they split the Slavic communities in the region in two, leading to the division of the West Slavs and the South Slavs.
@Dénes Main tribes in Pannonia were Slavic even after arrival of Hungarians. Genetically were Avars and Hungarians just minority of elite and wariors in Pannonia. Mainly women were and they still are of Slavic origin. They have taken over Magyar language. About Serbs and Croatians is theory of arrival from Caucasian area (and specially for Croatians from Iran).
@Dénes The moment you claim that Middle Age demographics are "very accurate" and "a fact", you lost all credibility. Middle Age demographics in all regions of the world are highly unreliable, counted only the nobility and not the vast majority made of common people aka peasants, and are only based on estimates, not facts - something made very clear by the Wiki page on Medieval Demography. If that isn't enough, demographics (which deals with _ethnicity_ of people) is only loosely connected to linguistics (which deals with the _languages_ spoken by people), especially in a multicultural, multiethnic and multilanguage area like the former Hungarian Kingdom, where a person speaking Hungarian (in order to have a chance in the kingdom) wouldn't necessarily mean that the person was an ethnic hungarian. You talk about the mongol and ottoman massacres and how the Romanians (and probably other groups in Hungary, i.e. Slovaks, Serbs, Croatians, etc.) were a minority subject to assimilation. If that's so, how come your own Gesta Hungarorum chronicle mentioned Vlachs inhabiting and fighting against the Magyar / Hungarian invaders in the 9th century? How come the two most famous kings and defenders of Hungary, aka John Hunyadi and his son Matthias Corvinus were partially of Vlach (i.e. the name of Romanians in Middle Ages) origin, and both born in the Vlach populated Transylvania? How come just after the Mongol invasion - which you claim it devastated the Hungarian Kingdom and left it sparsely inhabited - sizable groups of Vlachs from the Hungarian ruled - but Vlach populated - Transylvania founded the nearby principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia, who would later form the basis of what is now Romania, along with - surprise surprise - Transylvania? How come the 1st document written in Romanian language in 1521 (Neascu of Campulung letter, written in the Old Slavonic script at the time) warned Transylvanian counterparts (i.e. the mayor of Brasov) of Turkish advance towards Hungary, indicating friendly relations and common cause against the invaders? How come after the Ottoman conquest of central Hungary at Mohacs in 1526 - which you again claim that it left Hungary depopulated - nobody assimilated the few Hungarians left in central Hungary (which was the only part of Hungary actually being conquered by the Ottomans, since Transylvania was just under Ottoman suzerainity)? The problem is that you mix things that actually happened, i.e. the fact that population was left devastated after both the Mongol and the Ottoman invasions, with claims that simply don't match with a devastated and depopulated region. If Hungary was devastated and depopulated after these events, so would be the Romanian "minority" there (which was never a minority, just like the Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Slovaks and others weren't in their own countries, but that's another story), thus not being able to produce kings for the Hungarian throne (and the most effective kings to date, besides Stephen I of Hungary, of course), not being able to found new principalities in Wallachia and Moldavia, not being able to receive letters in the Romanian language that they would easily understand, and well, the last but not the least, not being able to work the land for the Hungarian nobility. My friendly advice to you is to make sure that what you claim makes sense in the future. Denying other people's rights and trying to distort their history is exactly why Trianon happened to Hungary (besides bloody politics, of course) - try to learn from your neighbours who treat their Hungarian speaking citizens honestly, with respect and consideration, if they deserve it (even in Communism, ffs).
@Dénes You know what's hilarious, now that you mentioned? :D You claiming others exhibit gypsy behavior and making a connection with their origins, when the Hungarians, themselves a people coming from the borders of Asia, conquered - which by definition means stealing the land from other people, including Vlachs, by force - every place they live in since the 9th century (or 5th century if you count the Huns). If that's not gypsy behavior, I don't know what is, really - just saying... Personally, I don't know of Romanians stealing stuff from Hungary in WW1 (for sure know about how Russians did it every time in Romania), but then I'm sure you never heard of similar "bad deeds" by Hungarians in WW1 and WW2, so I believe it would be best for both to just apologize to each other nation's wrongdoings (if required) and move on. Fact is, like you already mentioned (and unlike Hungarians), Romanians never took the lands where Hungarians consistently lived as a majority (or any other land that wasn't theirs, except maybe a small part of Bulgaria, which they gave it back after a few years), i.e. Pannonia, even when they could have. If they did claim to have the border up until Tisza river in WW1 (and acted accordingly on wartime), that was just a negotiation tactic to make sure they get the lands where they were always a majority, i.e. Transylvania, and don't come up empty handed in a world where alliances and the given word were just temporary - I'm sure that deep down you are aware of that, experiencing Trianon and all. Someone selling you something will always ask for a higher price to make sure he gets the price he actually wants, that's how these things work, unfortunately. Otherwise, even in communism, the Romanian Hungarians could live just like anybody else, without being oppressed (the period they had autonomy is proof of that, like you mentioned) and certainly not at the level ethnic Romanians were during the 10 centuries of Hungarian rule (the latter couldn't use their language in public, couldn't have rights like everyone else, couldn't own land, basically being in servitude to the Hungarians their whole life). What little trouble you had a couple of years because of wars or communism is NOTHING at all compared to what Romanians endured for 1000 years, being pariah on their own soil. And after the fall of communism, Hungarians in Romania have rights that other minorities in other states would only dream of (e.g. partial education in maternal language, continuous representation in the Romanian Parliament, bilingual signs and place names for places having as little as 20% of their population of Hungarian origin). Pfff... Your point about languages is invalid, for one simple reason: I wasn't talking about trade, or career opportunities. I was talking about understanding with their neighbours, with their landlord, and so on - something that was required under the threat of force, especially in the Middle Ages, unless you expect Huungarian nobility to learn Romanian so they could take 3/4 of the Romanian peasant's crop, LOL. Learning the language of the country you live in is a necessity in every time and era, but that doesn't mean you're an ethnic of that country. Every person of a different ethnicity than the country he lives in can attest to that. My own grandparents (Romanians from Transylvania, by the way) had to learn Hungarian for the same reason and circumstances, they even had Hungarian neighbours. Even I know a few words in the language, and I'm only half from Transylvania. Regarding the middle section, I guess I misunderstood what you initially wrote (didn't take the Hungarians from Transylvania moving back in central Hungary variant into account). The way you put it now makes sense indeed, but so does the continuity variant, if you're being fair, especially considering that Vlachs already existed in the region at the time of Magyar tribes arrival, they founded two other principalities coming from Transylvania afterwards, and so on. In a way, these contradicting claims look similar with the Jews in Palestina question. Everybody knows Jews have been there for millenia, Jesus himself was a Jew born there (just like Vlachs or their ancestors), but due to historical circumstances that didn't depend on them, the topic is still blurry to this day, especially for the side arguing otherwise. From a logical point of view it makes more sense for people to mostly stay in the region they initially come from than moving around hundreds and thousands of kms in such great numbers, just to repopulate areas for which, and history has proven, the Hugarians already had solutions for (simple example: Saxons or other populaces used for this purpose). Not to mention that it made no sense for Vlachs, who already lived in the 2 neighbouring established principalities that were not under direct Ottoman threat at that time to migrate in such huge numbers in a country that fared more poorly than their own regions then, due to the Ottoman invasion effects. Even then, why migrate just to Transylvania and not central Hungary, if only the latter was in need of a repopulation? See, the truth is easy to see if you follow logic. I was not talking about John Hunyadi's familty being gifted a castle in the Hunyadi area of Transylvania, I was talking about his father being a Vlach (confirmed by historical sources), so both him and his son Matthias Corvinus had partial Vlach / Romanian ancestry. This has everything to do with ethnicity as far as I remember, but if you want further proof of such things, check how many statues of him, street names, and how revered he and his son is in Romania (his family even helped Moldavia's Stephen the Great to repel the Ottomans, so it wasn't like it wasn't reciprocal). By the way, coming full circle with how honestly Hungarians are treated in Romania, ever heard of Gyorgy Dosza? Leader of a peasant rebellion in Hungary, tortured to death for that by Hungarian (not Romanian, by the way) authorities at the time for his role in the revolt, today he has a similar number of statues, monuments, street names and being looked like a hero in Romania ... and he was a Szekely, i.e. Hungarian speaking man from south east Transylvania - not Vlach, not Romanian! Can you find me a SINGLE similarly respected figure of a Romanian in Hungary, like there are dozens of - partially or not - ethnic Hungarians in Romania? Oh wait - see, that was what I was talking about ... P.S. Speaking like a teacher (even if just a wannabe one, LMAO) is certainly better than using "ppl" or "sry" and asking to "let me tell you something" like a know-it-all, like you did in your original post. I honestly thought whether you were just a 12 y.o. kid and whether I should bother replying, after seeing that. Fortunately your 2nd post is better in that regard, I don't have the feeling I was talking to an illiterate child like after reading your first reply. Credit to you for changing the tune to a more mature one (bar the pointless attempts to offend when mentioning the gypsy attitude, that is). :D
Because the Swiss protect and encourage Romansh while the French don't like regional languages like Occitan, Breton and Basque, so they don't get much support or government help and are rapidly declining.
![Seungmin "그렇게, 천천히, 우리(As we are)" | [Stray Kids : SKZ-PLAYER]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/kAzmhLHePqU/mqdefault.jpg)
Do you live in an area that speaks multiple languages?
Yup, and toooons of dialects
What was weird about uralic ?
I live in place where is spoken dialect of Polish called kurpian dialect. Kurpian dialect is a mixture of Polish and Old Prussian
I have an brother in law half gagauz half moldovan and he seed gagauz is two words means right mouth becouse this People are Turks christians and prefer to go in other country for not became muslims.
can't wait to see the language map for Papua New Guinea
"Portugal is the perfect nation-state" - a Portuguese dude.
portugal best in the world
Portugal caralho!
the best and the first. ahahahaha
@@Duck-wc9de Not the first.
@@urbanwarrior3470 not the First country, but the first nation-state. There is a diference
"Super germany"
Rest of Europe: DON'T GIVE THEM IDEAS AGAIN
North germans would say that the south should become it's own country
@@Mr.Noob1 true, bavarian and swabian are two different languages
@@thegreedyharvest8796 can we bavarians pls have independence
And now in bavarian
Kinna wia biddsche Unabhängigkeit griang?
@@Wolvek bitte in deutsch :D
Not Super Germany, small super Germany. Sudetenland, Prague, Silesia, Prussia were mostly ethnically German plus the large areas outside of Germany that were ethnically majority German
One you missed is Sardinian. I had a Sardinian exchange student stay with my family for a year and he was adamant that Italian and Sardinian are different languages. He set out to prove this by speaking Sardinian to another exchange student from Italy (specifically Milan) and she says she could understand about 60% of it. Apparently that's less than Swedes and Norwegians can understand from eachother so I'd say it's definitely a language
60% is even an optimistic percentage, I can tell
im half Sardinian and half south italian, this video got it extremely wrong with italy. first of all Sardinian is officialy recognised by the italian government as a language along with friulian and Ladin in the northeast of italy. Along with this Sardinia is an autonmous region and has full rights regarding the language and contrary to most outsider belief it is still spoken by the majority of the island including youth. Italys languages are divided into 4 subgroups of romance languages (gallo italic in the north, italo dalmatian in the center and south) , rhaeto romance only with ladin and friulian and Sardinian languages for Campidanese and Logudorese Sardinian ALL developed independently from Latin and not Italian which bases itself on the rennesaince florentine dialect of tuscany (tuscan is a grouping of dialects spoken in Tuscany and falls under the italo dalmatian term) made popular by Dante Alighieri and was not spoken by anyone except said city in the Italian peninsula before italian unification in 1861. these languages are all still spoken and referred to as dialects sadly . as last he missed so many sparse languages spoken in Italy such as the arberesh Albanian of the south which came from albanian immigrants escaping during ottoman rule spoken in different villages and towns mainly in the province of Cosenza Calabria but also in other southern regions but in smaller scales, greek also has a small population of speakers (its estimated to be around 80 000) mainly spoken in some towns in the province of Lecce (the heel of italy) , some villages of Reggio Calabria (the tip of the boot) and very few speakers in the Sicilian city of Messina. these are just a two but there are many other language islands inside Italy. if you are more interested or dont believe me look up "languages of italy" basically anywhere as so many outsiders and italians too get this wrong all the time!
@@LaBestiaVivente As a Sardinian I confirm what you have written. 👍
How much Swedes understand depends on which Norwegian dialect you are talking about, as they can be quite different. Here is my attempt at writing some of them down using a mix of Norwegian, English and self-made orthography:
I used я to represent a "French-pronounced" guttural R.
Æ is pronounced like the A in "back".
Ø is pronounced like the U in "burn".
All of the example dialects have very different intonations.
Æ fatt itsh ka dø prat om, æ e eyn moshom kall. Ævet'itsh.
Yæy fatter ikke va du prater om, yæy ær en moshom kar. Ye'vetke.
Ya fattar inte va du pratar om, ya ær en roli kille. Yavet'nte.
Eg fatte ishe ka du pяate om, eg e en løylege kaя. Egvet'she.
Eg faddaя ichye å du pяadaя om, e e en moяsom kaя. Eg'vedchye.
Guess which one is Swedish! (general Stockholm-area dialect) Solution at the bottom!
In written Norwegian (which noone speaks) it would be written like this:
Jeg fatter ikke hva du prater om, jeg er en morsom kar. Jeg vet ikke. (Bokmål)
Eg fatter ikkje kva du pratar om, eg er ein morsom kar. Eg veit ikkje. (Nynorsk)
Sometimes, though rarely, people write in their own dialects, and it can be almost completely unintelligble for speakers of other dialects.
Some of the dialects would more often use other words than "fatte" and "prate", and in general have different vocabulary for many things, but I made them the same for easier comparison.
English: "I don't understand what you are talking about, I am a funny guy. I don't know." Dialects are from these places, top to bottom: Trondheim, Oslo, Sweden, Stavanger, Kristiansand.
Sorry but this is incorrect. While it's true that Sardinian is its own language, there is no way that a Sardinian cannot fully understand Italian. Your friend was messing with you.
There are a lot of oversemplifications, especially in the Southern countries. Setting Galician apart from Portuguese while implying that Sardinian, a language on its own, is a dialect of Italian sounds very arbitrary; not to mention that Alghero (in Sardinia) counts very few Catalan speakers, while Corse has a language that is a proper (in this case) dialect of Italian. I guess the map you’ve found tends to enlighten the territories where a minority/secondary language is officially recognized, which is the case in Spain and Italy while France has always strongly opposed to any recognition.
Alghero has around 15 000 Catalan speakers, and he completely ignored every other regional language in Italy whilst Corsican can be considered a dialect or a very close language to Tuscan
@@LaBestiaVivente This video wouldn't be 10mins long if it went that deep.
@@leosalonen1564 then simply don't make a video about something like this if you're not going to put in effort instead of spreading misinformation
@@LaBestiaVivente it's for surface level understanding for entertainment. I think it is good that it provokes conversation and for those that want to know more will just wikipedia it.
The Catalan dialect in Sardinia is mentioned tho chief
Completely ignored Malta. Maltese is very linguisticaly unique in Europe, considering it is *semitic* see no. 97 in 9:43 but mixed with A LOT of Romance (Italian) Sad Maltese here 🇲🇹
Don't worry neighbor we love your language too. 🇮🇹❤️🇲🇹
Ħafna mħabba lejn Malta. ☺️
was literally about to say this, very disappointing!
No one cares about malta
He didnt mention Poland...
Too tiny to be on both maps.
Hungarian language being a part of the Uralic family is one of the strangest things I learned from the history of my language(Estonian)
Shoutout from Hungary to our old long-lost brothers! 🇭🇺❤️🇪🇪
There are two types of Hungarians, lol
@@kulkuljator hahaha no inbetween
Our languages parted some 3000 years ago, still most of the structure has been preserved. And there are many direct sound shifts which lift basic words from one of the languages to the other. (p to f, k to h, starting s to nothing) An Estonian friend spent some half a year in Hungary, he learnt the language nearly perfectly. The words can be different but the grammar is rather transparent. And, surprisingly, he has no foreign "accent", although his pronounciation differs from standard. Its rather a strong dialect, the sounds seem to be Hungarian from a remote place in the country. Instead of "which country are you from" one would ask "which village"?
@@gaborfarkas3397 Oh, wow, thank you for the information! I just knew the fact that they are related, but never looked into similarities. Good to know.
Italian dialects are, in fact, local languages. The meaning of "dialect" is quite different from the rest of the world.
You also forgot about Occitan, the language spoken in Southern France and very different from French (a prestige language in Medieval Ages, but nowadays at risk of extinction).
The finnish dialects are also very different and unique. The country is almost as diverse as Italy.
Ironically there seems to be more speakers of Maghrebi Arabic than of Occitan in France.
Ps.: I wasn't expecting I would see you here. Nice :)
Such a centralized rule from Paris killed the different languages in France,like Occitan Breton And Catalan all of them almost extinct in France,thats what separatists here in Spain dont understand if Catalonia was part of France the would speak as much catalan as in Rosellon(almost nothing)
Yeah. He forgot about some languages.
I tried learning italian with music from sicily. Big Mistake
'A super Germany would exist'
I feel like I've heard that somewhere before...
Oh no
Poland: *nervously sweating*
Ah stereotypes, will you ever die out?
@Safwaan no, it would be ww2
@Safwaan Pre WW1 Germany.... how long to be exact? 45 years before WW1 Germany don't even exist. also if they somehow got revived they won't be able to get their old land because barely any Germans live there anymore, most have escaped to the western part of Germany in WW2
Norwegian, Danish and Swedish are in many ways the same language. I can give you an example.
Yesterday I was in a shop and bought some clothes. I spoke norwegian, and the woman who sold me the clothes spoke swedish.
We have some words that are different, but we have no problems to understand each other.
Always thought it would be cool for Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden (and maybe Finland!) to become one nation---Viking Land (of course, Greenland being part of Denmark would make it a pretty big place!). Capital city could be in the Faroe Islands! lol
It's very much a question of what defines a language. There's a lot of politics in it also. Had Scandinavia remained united, the three commonly perceived Scandinavian languages would have been considered dialects.
@@sputnikcaviar5592 fun to think about, but the traditional rivalry between Denmark and Sweden, and the desire for Norway, Finland and Iceland to state their own identity doesn't make it likely. But who knows? Some new geopolitical situation might upend the status quo and make it a possibility again.
@@dschledermann ...having been to all those places plus the Faeroe Islands...I would say they have more in common than a liberal NYC Biden voter and a conservative Oklahoma Trump voter! lol
@@sputnikcaviar5592 yeah, you are not incorrect in that the people are very similar with regards to politics, but Scandinavia is very different from the US. Currently I doubt Scandinavians would be very keen on the idea of a new union. I think people are satisfied with the current status. But again; who knows? If the debacle with Russia goes south, EU breaks up and NATO is weakened, some sort of unified Scandinavian state, closely aligned with the UK and the Netherlands might actually become a reality.
As many comments have implied the difference between a language and a dialect is not always clear which leads to confusion. Great video.
From a linguistic point of view: A dialect is a form of language variety, and these range from individual quirks of speaking, to what is called dialect - but whether something is a dialect or its own language ... oftentimes is a purely political decision.
Many countries want to be known for speaking their own, national, language - and choose to label their variety as its own language, instead of being a dialect of another country's.
A good example could be Swiss German or Austrian German. These are both extremely similar to the official German spoken in Germany (more specifically to its Southern dialects, especially Austrian German is very closely related to Bavarian - with rural areas often speaking a heavy dialect). But these countries wanted to have their own language, so they just declared "Swiss German" and "Austrian German" as such. A similar thing happened in Belgium, where the northern parts speak dialects of Dutch, yet they call these languages Flemish, after the region of Belgium they are spoken in, with a similar thing happening in regards to the French-speaking southern part.
At the same time, Romance languages in Europe are all quite similar to each other (with French and Romanian being most distinct), since all evolved from Vulgar Latin (the Latin spoken by the common people) after the empire splintered. Here, the distinction between languages and dialects is especially interesting, since the degree of difference between many of the so-called dialects is often comparable to the differences between say Spanish and Italian.
Yet, Gallician and Catallan are often named as dialects of Spanish by some, as do all the other languages with a low number of speakers in Spain, France and Italy (especially Italy, with its highly fragmented and quite distinct dialect map). And this is clearly politically motivated, to deny the speakers being culturally distinct enough o proclaim independence - after all, "they just speak a dialect, not their own language!" as some would say.
Up to rather recently, there were attempts to drive dialects to extinction in some European countries, in favor of making the official dialect the only one. This happened for example in Spain under the Franco regime around WWII and in France before the French revolution, as well as with Celtic languages on the British isles. And it was done to the Sami people in Scandinavia, and most likely in many other places. (And the Europeans exported this practice to their old colonies, sadly, suppressing native languages and cultures).
"A language is a dialect with an army and a navy." - Max Weinreich
@@Kylora2112 good quote
@@Kylora2112 which is easily disproven. gaelic for example is a language and has neither. it is more complicated than that.
@@sertaki kinda, but linguists themselves are descriptivists and debate it on the evidence their have, weighting each one. of course some cases might be still debated - scots for example, which is arguebly on its way to a language if the trend goes further. other cases are pretty strong to make in either direction. austrian is just pretty much bavarian and swiss german is alemannic dialect of high german. (and like i pointed out elsewhere, low german on the other hand is mostly agreed on to be its own language despite being forgotten or denounced - also one of the cases where they want them to extinct how u described. sadly true. gaelic another case)
i hate how countries try denounce minor languages or dialects for the standard variety (which i guess u mean with offical dialect, basicly true i agree). or how some take extreme measures in that case (france, england, russian lead countries - ones I am aware of)
I suggest in the future to devote slightly more time in research. It would have been easy to find out the exact historical reasons for the Uralic languages in Europe, or why Romanian is a Romance language - making it unnecessary to guess and hypothesize.
Thanks for pointing out. There are tons of very simple but still linguistically accurate texts online, even on Wikipedia. Nowadays claiming you don't know something that could be basically solved within 3-4 clicks in the world of data and internet, it is just plain laziness and ignorance. Sorry to be harsh, but don't see any excuses here!
Exactly, I saw a map like this before and looked into the Uralic languages - they're so interesting and there's so much to say about them, he's missing out on a lot there. The Caucasian languages, too
Regarding Romanian he is right. Romanian is spoken in that part of the world due to the Roman invasion and settlement of Dacia. Although his use of the wordage "I think" does make it sound unnecessarily ambiguous.
The one word summary is "migration". Multiple groups did it multiple times. Sometimes they learned the language of their new neighbors, and sometimes they didn't. Sometimes they migrated to conquer, sometimes they migrated to escape conquest, and sometimes they migrated for environmental reasons.
@@MyFiddlePlayer And sometimes, some of them, never migrate!
Why did you completely skip western Slavic languages?
You have missed a few things. 1. in the south of France there is another minority language called "Occitaine". Also, there is Corse. In Germany there are two more minority languages in the north, one is Danish and the other one is Frisian. I probably missed some as well.
He actually mentioned Frisian
theres also plattdeutsch/low german and Saterfrisian in Eastfrisia
Corse dialiect is an italian dialect
@@Benefartamemia and in the West of France you can find the Alsace minority language, which is a German dialect.
Wondered what ocitain was lol in hou4 i normaly release them as a seperate puppet to weaken france
To say that all of Italy speaks dialects of standard Italian is a major oversimplification. They're mostly dialects of the Romance language continuum, but they're not all on the same branch. But great video regardless!
Venetian should have been mentioned. Also for France, Occitan
@@ephraimbrener9143
There’s way more than just Venetian. Way more.
Then there's Sicilian, which is not intelligible with Italian, Sardinian which is definitely not intelligible, and Neapolitan, which is only partly intelligible to people from the rest of Italy.
So many mistakes in this video
Fascinating to see some people still speaking greek ( some form ) in South Italy although they are some villages
Hungarian and Finnish are related, even if it's not visible :) and they are both Uralic languages. I've learned some Finnish and seen that the logic of their grammar is almost the same as in Hungarian. And yes, Hungarians have come from the Ural region, and arrived to the Carpathian Basin in the 9th century.
And Hungarian speakers outside of current Hungary is a painpoint for many countries still today. The Hungarian Kingdom included other nationalities who were not treated as equal at the time of the national movements from the 19th century. This led to them wanting to take a "revenge" on Hungary after WWI and the newly formed countries have taken territories where Hungarian speakers lived. (Which led to further problems...)
+ estonian
Well Finnish as close to Hungarian as Italian close to Polish
@@TheSpadaLunga Polish and Italian come from different lang families, and are totally different grammarically - Polish is an inflectional language, Italian is an analytical language.
Finnish and Hungarian are both agglutinative languages and come from the same family.
@@amjan no, both Polish and Italian are from Indo-European lang family
@@TheSpadaLunga Are you drunk or just stupid? Polish is a Slavic language, Italian is a Romance language. They are very different, which I explained in the comment.
"Indo-European" is a very remote superior order of classification, you silly.
If the languages in Europe became it's own country. The amount of cluster- fudge and border gore would offend everyone.
and then, what is a langauge? Is that what now is recognized as language, or do dialects count too? Otherwise, Limburg and Lower Saxony are also forgotten like often Low Saxon and Limburgs are.
Looks aren't the problem. It's simply impossible to control all those inclaves, exclaves, splits and keeping the borders the way they are
A language is a dialect with a fleet and an army.
Not really, Europe has already cleaned up its linguistic borders due to nationalism and world wars.
Actually all those Italian dialects are considered by experts as being their own languages, since they evolved independently from each other and not from standard Italian. Some of them, like Sardinian, are even officially recognised as such, even if in school it is taught that most of them are just dialects. I could understand not including them alla since it would make the map a mess and the vast majority of people who speak a regional language also speak Italian, but at least they could have included Sardinian because of its official status
I think also Neapolitan is recognized as an official language.
@@Hikaeme-od3zq It is not, just as all the rest of the Italian regional languages other than Sardinian and Friulian
@@Hikaeme-od3zq Neapolitan is not considered a language by the italian government but is recognised by Unesco
He could have divided Italy into Venetia, Gallo-Italia (Lombard, Ligurian, Piedmontese), Italo-Dalmatia (Italian, Neapolitan), Sicily, and Sardinia.
@@alexhalex8 venetian is recognised as a language
Somebody had that idea of a nation encompassing all speakers of their language around the end of the 1930s. It did not end well.
Corse has nothing to do with french, it developed from medieval Italian and it is intelligible to Italian, not to french, which developed in a whole different area (not even in southern France so the closest part of France to Corsica but in northern France). Plus the definition of Italian dialect is different from the traditional one. They are actually languages. They share a lot in common, since they were all highly influenced in vocabulary and phonetic by Italian, but they are actually different languages.
While I agree that Corse (Corsican?) is closer to Italian than French and as such should be mentioned, I would argue that French and Italian are mutually intelligible to some extent to anyone that doesn't have a "that's another language so I don't understand" attitude.
Friuli once was an independent nation, and also one of the first democracy of Europe. Born in 1077, the Patriarchate of Aquileia had one of the first forms of parliamentary government where aristocracy, church and volgus (common people/citizens) was equally represented.
It lasted until Venetians came to conquer and occupy our land.
the thing is that sometimes there isnt a clear line between dialect and language
for example most people consider galician the same as portuguese,or bulgarian the same as macedonian or that a lot of germany doesnt actually speak "german"(standard german) they speak regional germanic languages which sometimes is unintelligible to standard german like bavarian or low german, same thing goes for italy.
however both italy and germany are a dialect continuum the german one even includes netherlands and belgium
That dialect continuum is pretty much dead. But the distinction between dialect and language is completely arbitrary and political
@@sebe2255 :(
A language is a dialect with a navy
@@martijnb5887 It's the reason because doesn't exist the Swiss language!
Oh, wait, Hungarian, Serbian, Czech and Slovakian exist...
did he just completely avoided/forgot to mention all the western slavic countries or am I having some memory issues?
We don't exist.
Yea he did, even though there are parts of Slovakia where people speak neither Slovak nor Hungarian (as their native language, that is)
French from Alsace here :
-> Alsace-Lorraine speaks two dialects of "German", Alsatian and Plattdeutsch, these are not Hochdeutsch but southern dialects. However, from my experience, the degree of intercomprehension is variable, though we could communicated with our Schwaben neighbor, it was impossible for my friends from the North of Germany to understand it (we made several experiences hehe).
-> However, most people especially the younger generation have little to no knowledge of this dialects.
-> Also in Italy i think French is no longer spoken or only minimaly in Aoste valley.
Hochdeutsch is a term that refers to southern dialects.
2:42 Where is Occitan on your map? Occitan is the language of the southern half of France, Catalan in Spain is a twin language of Occitan. Occitan (Catalan) is not French and not Spanish.
_Ont es l'occitan sus la vòstra mapa ? occitan es la lenga parlada dins lo miegjorn de la França, lo catalan en Espanha es una lenga bessona de l'occitan. L'occitan (lo catalan) es pas brica francés, espanhòl tanpauc._
As a catalan + spanish speaker who understands a little french too this language is perfectly understandable
@@AcousticSkidmark Yes, it is
En tout cas on emmerde fort l'occitanie et les occitanophones, quelle blague d'ailleurs ce nom de région (je suis d'aveyron lol) et la culture occitane n'a jamais été notre, nous avons été guyennais, puis à un moment sous la domination du comté de foix donc les pseudo-nationalistes occitans mdr
@@Hugo-cn9no ça se discute... Le pseudo-nationalisme occitan est de mon point de vue pas moins crédible que le pseudo-régionalisme guyennais-aveyronnais, l'un étant d'obédience nationaliste romantique (le nationalisme romantique a connu son âge d'or au 19e siècle avec la réunification de l'Italie et l'union de l'Allemagne), l'autre (le régionalisme aveyronnais) étant d'héritage historique médiéval (attachement nostalgique à l'ancien duché de Guyenne et Gascogne).
Ça reste dramatique de voir une si belle langue sombrer dans l'oubli alors qu'elle est un réel pont entre l'italien, l'espagnol et le portugais...
A finn could have a short discussion with a carelian. The biggest way they differ from each other is the way they're written. Words have mostly same meanings and structure of the language is similar. Eesti for finns sounds like they're trying really hard to speak finnish but they're making up new words and new meanings to words. But we're pals, I wish to visit soon again ❤️
The Dutch government recognises two more languages: Low Saxon, spoken in the north and east of the country, and Limburgish, spoken in the southeast. Both languages are spoken in parts of Germany as well.
Limburgish is also spoken in the province of Limburg in Belgium. Vie kalle ooch Plat in Limburg. ;-)
Nedersachsiech &Limburgs are dialects Not separate Languages
@@иосифгерман-п8о most linguists and the Dutch government recognise them as separate languages
Just a small remark. Wallonia isn't a province of Belgium. It is however one of the three regions. It is itself split up in 5 provinces
It is so sad that Slovenian language wasn't even mentioned, while you also wrote Slovakia instead of Slovenia in a video about country name origins. You shouldn't neglect one country while thoroughly covering the others. Otherwise great videos.
bro get mad yo country just a femboyland lmao
Lmao Iceland was also ignored, hate when this happens
@@django_KS19 Lol Iceland was not ignored. He mentioned it at 3:49. Czech, Polish, Slovak and Slovenian were not mentioned at all. Or I did not catch it.
Two countries that could merge in the future are Moldova and Romania, not only because of the common language but culture as well. They have been one country in the past so its not entirely possible.
And I blame Russia for the division.
@@dilgeatakan9366 No one in Europe cares about the opinion of the Turks
6:31
I'll give you some explanation (whoever is Moldovan too correct me if I'm wrong)
So, most of Moldova speaks Romanian/Moldovan(which is the same except small differences and Russian slangs) but in the autonomous region of Gagauzia it's spoken Gagauz, a turkic language, and then to the east there's a small stripe that is Transnistria/Pridnestrovie, an unrecognised country which already declared independence, there it's spoken Moldovan too in some places, to the north Ukrainian and to the south of it (closer to the capital) it's spoken Russian, which is their official language
Gagavuz is Turkish. It is almost the same as the Turkish in Turkey. Gagavuz Turks are Christian Turkic tribe
@@Marmara73 okay, thanks for the info
I know personally someone who is from gagauz zone. He speaks a Russian dialect and I feel like most gagauz people refuse speaking Romanian. Also they are orthodox Turks so yeah.. weird mix
Gagauz people do not speak gagauz language. Instead, they speak russian. They are pro russians. When Romanian president offered scholarships to Gagauz students to come to Romania to learn Gagauz language, in the local schools in Dobrogea region which has a Turkish minority, the Gagauz refused.
Another thing, when Transnistria declared independence from Moldova, Gagauzia also declared independence and they had the intention to unite with Russia. After negociations with the Moldovan government the Gagauz received autonomy for their region inside R. Of Moldova
@@vjflow749 that’s interesting... I never knew that, my relative was raised by Gagauz people, but nobody was really informed about this to tell me, Thanks
Where is the Occitan language? estimates range from 100,000 to 800,000 speakers in total today, that's a lot! ranked 46th language by the Calvet barometer measuring the weight of the world's languages in 2012.
I see that you put Catalan in Spain, yet Catalan was considered only a dialect of Occitan until the end of the 19th century. Moreover, in Catalonia, Occitan is a co-official language with Catalan and Spanish.
The first map is pretty bad. The second one a lot better :)
Occitan is cooficial in Catalonia due to the language beeing native to the people of the Vall d'Aran, not because Catalan is considered to be Occitan. Yes, they are more relates to each other than they are to Spanish and French, but they are still distinct. You wouldn't say Frisian and English are the same would you?
Still, its sad to think that the only place where Occitan language is protectes is in Spain, when 98% of it is spoken in France...
@@novedad4468 Ok ;)
There is a village in Ukraine where people used to speak swedish in, But i think all those people are gone now. "Gammalsvenskby" in Ukraine. As a swede, I found that hella interesting.
I wonder if it is related to the Viking / Varegian origins of the Rus'
@@torzsmokus No, it has nothing to do with that. The people of Gammalsvenskby where forcefully moved there by Russia from Estonia, in the 15th century, back then Estonia, or this part of Estonia at least belonged to Sweden. Fun fact: The land where saint petersburg is today also used to belong to sweden. No, you cant say finland, as finland had never been a soverign state until their independance from Russia. The boo hoo - iness from the finnish side towards the swedes tends to omit that all villagers and farmers in what was sweden back then, where forceully christianized. It was not especially done just for the finns..and for that matter then the swedes should be just as angry with the germans. - A finnish-swede, who likes history.
That's Zmiivka in Kherson region. It was occupied for 8 months and what I know it's damaged but not destroyed completely, I think +- third part of the community stayed (just like in other villages which in war zone).
In Corse is spoken a language that derived from an Italian dialect and has nothing to share with french
Apparently so! I don't get why it wasn't included in the map
@@General.Knowledge corsican/french person who lives in corsica here. To be fair french is the majority language in corsica nowadays, corsican is still present on every signs you'll see and occasionally if you go to a bar/pub in any city/town you'd probably have elders singing corsican songs. Though unfortunately there are more people speaking french than people speaking corsican and it's very rare to hear anyone speaking corsican to another person. Thankfully though there are measures taken to preserve the language like if you go the university you'll have a mandatory club activity to pick from related to corsican, be it talking with corsican speakers or partaking in classes that teach you about corsican history and culture through linguistic ateliers like cinematography and etc
@@fazznoanimation1031 sadly france is an extremely centralized state. Do you now the history of corsican? Napoleon III enacted the "francisata" or "gallicisation" of corsican aiming at slowly replacing corsican words with french loan words basically killing the language without doing it directly, the only corsican strongholds was the church and italian univeristies like Pisa or Bologna, but then all travel to italy was banned and people had to study at french univeristies instead, after that in all church activities corsican was banned.
Even today corsican is not a recognized language in france and the island is not even autonomous, some corsicans carry old tuscan or old sardinian last names without even knowing it (and probably butchering the pronounciation of their own surname)
The map he used is widely inaccurate anyway. Well spotted for Corsican, I also noticed Occitan or Arpitan mysteriously vanished as well
@@felicepompa1702 France is a colonial entity that should be abolished.
This is really a minefield. If you want to do this subject justice, you need at least 20 hours more time to go much deeper. 😉 Nation-state language are somewhat arbitrary. Do you know that you can walk from e.g. Porto in Portugal to Messina in Italy and each village could communicate well with its neighbours. Where does a language start, where does it end? That's really tricky. The same goes for Dutch and German; Danish, Swedish and Norwegian; Macedonian and Bulgarian. Bielorussian and Ukrainian. Karelean has lots of Russian words in it, but remains a Finnish dialect? And history is a huge !!!! factor everywhere. For example many Germans can understand Dutch better than Bavarian for example. 😆 Just saying. ....
Hungarian here and yes there are still sizeable Hungarian populations in neighbouring countries. Most of these are located in Romania however, the next most are located in Slovakia and Serbia. I have met many Slovakian Hungarians and have a lot of friends from Transylvania! There’s approx. 1.5 million Hungarian still left in Transylvania today.
The nation most likely to split up based on language is obviously Spain. The nations most likely to combine via language are probably Germany and Austria but that's harder to say for certain
Nope, the mayority of spaniards speaks spanish, even in the territories with a cooficial language spanish is by far more used.
@@ces5263 no sabes leer
5:46 dude, there are no Macedonian speakers in Bulgaria. People around Blagoevgrad speak a dialect of Bulgarian only slightly closer to standard Macedonian than standard Bulgarian is.
Картата не е правилна хаха.
the macedonians who have delcared themselves as such in bulgaria speak macedonian
I'm from Portugal and I've been following your channel for some time, I even understand English but I would be happy if you put subtitles in Portuguese and in other languages so that other people who don't speak English natively can enjoy your content
The language group issue provides its own set of problems. For example English speakers can't understand Germans but Spanish speakers can understand Portuguese if they speak slowly. I would say just because there is a root language group doesn't mean structurally the languages are compatible to each other. Then add culture on top of that and culturally Romanians are similar to Slavs not Latins. Same could be said with swedish people having a culture closer to Russia than Germany.
That's due to English being a mix of different languages with germanic being the most prevalent with Latin in close second place.
I think the revetse is true. Portuguese can understand Spanidh more easily than Spaniards can understand Portuguese
@@pecadodeorgullo5963 A very good English teacher in RUclips called Gideon recently pointed out that the latin-rooted percentage of present day English is higher than the Germanic-rooted. I don't remember the percentage.
@@juanfran579 true i mean English literally took words like death from the Normans and stuff and it is a mixed bag with some words having greek (root words), latin (root words), french and italian
@@paintingdreams290 Death is of Germanic origin though whereas Normans were speaking Old French.
Actual words brought by the Normans are: people (in Modern French peuple), favorite (favori), age (âge), flower (fleur), beef (bœuf), mutton (mouton), veal (veau), pork (porc), salmon (saumon), real (réel), colour (couleur), servant (servant), error (erreur), butcher (boucher), button (bouton), crime (crime), dungeon (donjon), eagle (aigle), defeat (défaite), enemy (ennemi), fashion (façon), fraud (fraude), joy (joie), judge (juge), leasure (loisir), launch (lancer), manor (manoir), marriage (mariage), liberty (liberté), noun (nom), noble (noble), pleasure (plaisir), odour (odor), occupy (occuper), pocket (pochette), reason (raison), river (rivière), salary (salaire), royal (royal), sir (sire), madam (madame), pigeon (pigeon), cry (crier), escape (échapper), port (port), autumn (automne), strange (étrange), manner (manière), desire (désirer), savage (sauvage) etc.
Catalan and basque are also spoken in french territory.
In France are also spoken occitan (forgotten in the video) and corsican, in the island of Corsica (along with the mentioned in the video).
In Italy (where, as you say, catalan is also still spoken in a corner of sardinia) are also spoken Sicilian, Sardinian, Napolitan and venetian, at least. In italy they call them "dialects". yes, they are "dialects" from the latin, as it is "italian" (in fact is tuscan, from the toscania region) itself.
In spain, along with basque, galaico-portuguese (galego and portuguese are the same language) and catalan are also spoken aragonese, asturianu and occitan (in a catalan valley, the only place where occitan has official recognition (by catalan authorities) ).
about "what makes sense" 10:47 i would say that what makes sense is to left to people to chose what makes sense: is called democracy and human rights. Most of current borders come from wars, written by blood, and after that most, if not all the states tried to destroy the languages of the minorities left within each state. So if i should chose between a border written in blood and pursuing cultural genocide or democracy, i chose the second. whatever you think that makes sense or not.
Yes italy has many dialect, my family speaks Bergamasco, a local dialect of Lombardy
Yes, like the map shows, Catalan and Basque are spoken in French.
The south estonian language is called voro. there is also another one but i forgot what it was called
In latvia there are two languages: latgalian and livonian. latgalian is spoken in the eastern part of latvia where rezekne and daugavpils is (its considered a dialect by the government but the others say its a different language). livonian is a uralic language which only has a few speakers left (and only 1 native speaker born a few years ago).
Lithuania has samogitian which is considered a dialect of lithuanian (like latgalian)
I caught some mistakes about languages in the Netherlands.
1. The map showed about the Frisian language isn't accurate (in modern sense). In West-Friesland, Groningen, Ostfriesland, Wilhelmshaven and Bremerhaven, Frisian has been extinct. West-Fries is an Hollandic language, Gronings, Ostfries Low German and the other dialects in the Weser-Ems region are Low Saxon. Don't get me wrong they used to be Frisian and they still have a Frisian substrate but they aren't Frisian!
2. You should definitely have included Low Saxon/Low German as a separate language, it is spoken in a huge area, yes there isn't a standard version but is Friulian? Catalan?
Agreed! I am from Schleswig-Holstein's east and do consider low german my mother tongue.
in Poland there are 3 languages : Polish, kashubian and silesian
Silesian usage is very limited. As someone who lives in Upper Silesia I very, very rarely hear it. I believe most of people there can't speak it. Those who can probably use it only in some closed circles like family at home etc.
Silesian and Kashubian are not used by many people, both have less than 200-300 thousand speakers. Besides, Silesian and often Kashubian are seen as dialects of the Polish language. This is a complicated matter for linguists.
śląski to nie język
You guys arguing that Silesian and kashubian are ˋonlyˋ being spoken by 200-300 people respectively and therefore shouldn’t be included on the map is kinda funny considering that Sorbian is only spoken by 30-60 thousand people (and that only thanks to massive state assistance to revive the language), yet he cut out two big parts out of Germany because of the Sorbian minority 😂
Bulgaria has glimpse of turkic languages because they were used to be khanate and they territory was spread out from modern Bulgaria through the south east of Ukraine and was ending close to russian ural mountains. Those small groups of turkic speaking people in Bulgaria, Chuvash, Bashkir people in Russia are the only last descendants of that khanate.
The French map is incorrect as it ignores the Occitan language spoken in southern France and Norman in northern France. Sicilian and Sardinian are different enough from Italian to be its own language
Norman is not a language but a dialect of French (langues d’oïl). Also all regional languages are basically dead or going to die.
@@augth Which is entirely the fault of successive French governments over the last two centuries forcing (Parisian) French on school children and punishing them if they spoke Occitan, Breton, etc.. These languages won't have died, they will have been murdered.
Why do people only remember Occitan when Corsican is much more alive, and corsica has only been a French colony for 200 years. They must resist French centralismo and preserve their beatiful language
Hey, a Moldovan here! Basically, this map regarding Moldova is very wrong. While it's true that the southern territories have a kind of their own language, there is still some inaccuracy. Let me explain.
So, first of all, almost all the territory of Moldova must be a mix of the 2 languages - them being romanian and russian, and not just small particles of russian here and there. Because the majority of our population knows and speaks both languages, at least on the basic level and uses them in daily life.
Also for those who ask: Why romanian and not moldavian language? If short, romanian is an umbrella term for 3 dialects: moldavian, wallachian and transylvanian. Each from its own part (while Wallachia and Moldova were kingdoms back then, Transylvania was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire), that united in one country under the name of Romania (but we parted ways at some point). Thus there's no wrong answer between romanian and moldavian, cause it's basically the same language.
Second, that mixture of languages that you see in the south, is not situated in Moldova. That is our former territory, that's why there are particles of romanian language in there. However now it is under Ukraine, if you pay attention you will see the borderline between Republic of Moldova and that mix of green.
But it's true, indeed, that russian language plays a much bigger role in the East and South of the country... Let's say - because of the cultural and political preferences of the population there; that is Transnistria and Gagauz (it's a lot to write in order to explain this, so i'll gladly try my best to do that only if someone's interested).
Lastly, about the Gagauz. The gagauz people also speak 2 languages, mostly russian and gagauz, from what i know (and some even 3 if we include those who know romanian). I'm not gagauz and i don't really know their history, so i'll use the open info from the internet (Thanks, Wikipedia!). So, the ancestors of the gagauz people today, immigrated from the current-day Bulgarian Black Sea coast, north of Varna, to Russian Empire and settled in the region that is now the current-day Republic of Moldova.
My take is that, at that time the balkanic territories (including Bulgaria) and its languages were majorly influenced by the Ottoman Empire while under its rule, and when gagauz came to Russian Empire it was yet again influenced. Well, as any language that is in great proximity to other languages and territories over decades.
I don't know if i'm right or wrong, but it makes sense to me, as it is stated in wiki that though gagauz is a distinct language from Balkan Gagauz Turkish, it is a language derived from it. It is also stated, and you can see that by the color code on that map too, that gagauz is a language with turkic roots, alongside Azerbaijani, Turkmen, and Turkish. And besides Moldova it is also spoken in some regions of the Ukraine, Russia (that were influenced by turkic population) and Turkey itself.
Plus, fun fact: despite gagauz being a pretty old language, as an official and written language it is surprisingly young (1957).
So yeah, something like this! I hope the information i brought helped clarifying things and it wasn't boring. I also hope that i explained well, because english is not my first (nor second xD ) language, thus there may be mistakes. Enjoy your time of the day (whatever it is)!
Thank you for making us understand the current situation about the language dispute (Romanian-Russian) in our beautiful Moldova. I just have an objection. As an gagauzian itself. We believe we are Greeks and not türks neather Bulgarians or aromanians. We believe that we are tribes from pondos and Constantinople/Instabul territories who left Greece to escape from the slaughtering of the Turks. We believe in Hellenism and we embrace it, we learn Greek language in school and actually we have a big community of Pontians here. Now, I know many things had changed after two centuries... But that's what we are or what at least believe we are 🇬🇷 - 🇹🇷 ♥ 🇷🇴
Ps. My grandmother used to speak Greek while my father knew some Greek as well. But from my mother's side all my family used to talk Turkish or Romanian 🤔 I've got no idea what's happening
@@Ιωάννης-π2ο Well Greece is still balkanic region so i think my theory still works. Sorry if i mistook something. Thanks for adding veritable info! Friends! 🤗
Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Montenegrin are ONE polycentric language called Serbocroatian, same as are English and Spanish.
As a Hungarian I would like to thank you for dedicating much for hungarian language. So yes those who live in surrounding countries are hungarians, they live there since 896 (the Hungarian nomads arrived from Ural territory). In 1920 two thirds of our territory was tken away, however c.c 50% of the population on those territories werent hugarians, but romanians, slovakians etc. All in all 5 million hungarians were torn away from the motherland, and since then (1920) their population is smaller every year.
maybe because those weren't their lands, historically and culturally - which explains why they went back to normal quickly post-occupation, as shown in the current map.
@@oddmented Considering that hungarians came from Ural we can seay even the current size is not legit.
If it's that serious can't the Hungarian government take it to the eu court or something like that since both of these countries are in the EU.
Sincerely, a Turk who's ancestors started to migrate into Anatolia in the year ~1000 from central Asia.
@@ThisAlias I f we could than every country has territory disputes with their neighbours to some extent, so giving back territories would be a never ending chain reaction.
During the 19th century, 7,000-8,000-year-old archaeological finds were found in Hungary (Archaeological finds with ancient Hungarian runic writing...), drawing attention to the ancient past. Not to mention the antiquity of the Hungarian language!
The question is legitimate. Why did the Kingdom of Hungary have to be liquidated? Maybe many people didn't like the ancient past in Europe...?
Unfortunately, nothing was written about this question...
Vous avez oublié l’Occitan dans toute la moitié sud de la France , ainsi que l’Arpitan , le Corse , le Sarde, le Cornique dans le sud de L’Angleterre .
La vidéo est bourrée d'approximations mais l'occitan n'est plus parlé par personne, arrêtons la blague.
Standard French is the Paris Region language. Northern France has its own languages like Picard (even though Dutch Flemish is mentioned)
The Netherlands has an officially recognised minor language called Nedersaksisch (Low Saxon, also known as Low German) that stretches all the way into Russia's Kaliningrad. It has different dialects so it would be limited but older people that still speak the language could have a conversation with each other throughout that area.
As a people living in Alsace (the region of France shown as german speaking) i can say that even if a significant part of the population that might be under 50% i think speak german it is a second language that they learned at school and in an overwhelming majority it ins’t the language that people use in their everyday life (i dont speak German for example) but we have a regional language like the breton that is a mixte of french and german (like catalan is a mixte of french and spanish in a certain way) and this language is spoke fluently by at least as many people as german in Alsace and unlike german even if we speak french most of the time we use some world of these language when we talk ( a similar case to breton) but no problem its a really good vidéo i enjoyed it i just wanted to give my knowledge of the subject considering im directly concerned
I agree. I live on the other side of the Rhine in Baden. And I also think, that most people in Alsace speak French nowadays.
As someone who lives like 15km away from France, maybe it's the same in France as it is here in Germany. Here, because we live so close to France (and maybe Saarland belonging to France then Germany then France and Germany again lol) we also have to learn French in school but people don't usually speak French. And there are some French people living at the border but also Germans living in France (I've had multiple classmates like that lol)
Literally no one in alsace speaks german. The french completely purposely exterminated everything german in alsace.
I live in Luxembourg. I only recall meeting one French from Alsace-Lorraine with a very good level of German. Besides the only language used as native language is French
I absolutely hated learning french in school@@vivientakacs5599
@6:30 oww that ... thats stalins doing...he loved "mixing people and borders" and the coast of besarbia was one of his special projects
I feel like many of these borders' extent are so arbitrary, or perhaps just simply historical, because today some of these languages have very little population of speakers(percentage wise). Like Breton for example, only has around 200,000 speakers, which is less than 5% of the total population of modern-day Brittany. It's even lower when it comes to French Flemish speakers up north, with less than 100k. Perhaps, Alsatian and Occitan have significant numbers of speakers, to maybe be shown in the map.
I bring this up because I just watched the South American video of this topic and Quechuan languages didn't have separate borders like how Breton have their own borders here. There are millions of Quechuan speakers and are far more significant in number of speakers compared to Breton, Alsatian, and French Flemish speakers, and yet, they were just merged/absorbed within the borders of Spanish.
the thing with Italy is that Friulan, Sardinian, Tirolese, Slovenian, Croatian, Ladin, Albanese, Occitan, Griko and Provençal are considered by the government as separate protected languages. All other languages (not dialects, as they developed before Italian, directly from Latin) don't have the same recognized protected status as those.
Also most local languages come in hundreds of different variations, with a non-absolute level of intelligibility from one another, so if we were to count all of Italy's languages, it would take a lifetime, so for some it's easier to just group all of Italy under "Italian" and call local languages as "dialects" while neither classification is correct.
I love how people like to remind each other how different and unique we all are. It's not like we want unity and peace or anything.
Try to unite Basque and Spanish, two languages that have literally the same differences as English and Cherokee for example
(That would be a mess)
But unity and uniformity are two different things
Next is Asia please.
Excellent video as always 👍
Small correction: you said that French is also spoken in the Belgian province Wallonia. Wallonia is not a province but a region that itself consists of 5 provinces. :-)
In Italy there are neither "a thousand" languages or "one language". There are 15 languages in Italy if we exclude some linguistic islands. However, Italy is selective about recognizing languages - only the peripheral ones are recognised, while languages like Lombard, Venetian, Neapolitan ecc. are ignored.
A little correction for poland on this map:
Polish is also spoken in some parts of western Belarus and western Ukraine, although not official
Polish is almost not spoken in Ukraine. There's only 5-6 small villages.
Used to be… my great father was born in Poland in a place which is in Ukraine today. But I assume nobody there can speak Polish anymore…
Well, what you are assuming is wrong. I have MANY friends from western belarus and western Ukraine, ALL of them speak Polish, and their parents, and their grandparents, and their friends... sometimes even signs on the streets are written in Polish@@anothervinnie7413
My Portuguese bro :)
Me too
Também sou ;)
Aqui outro pt.
It's also important to remember that a country's borders will influence where the languages are spread. If the borders stand long enough, you will eventually have more of the common language closer to all corners, with only exceptions likely being officially recognized secondary languages that are protected.
Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia, and Montenegro do not have different languages that are similar. They share the same language that has minor differences. If you can understand someone with at least 85 to 95% of the words being the same that is the same language in it's core.
A sigh of relief at the end, Ireland doesn't belong to the US because of it's language.
Can just remain Ireland as it is and be happy.
In Germany, there is still Low German in the north, but there the dialects differ greatly by region. In East Frisia where I grew up we have more loan words from Dutch, in some churches the service was even held in Dutch until the First World War. Low German in East Frisia is also closely related to the "Gronings" dialect in the Netherlands and people understand each other very well, while standard Dutch is again different. The verb for "to speak" in our Low German is "proten" (from Dutch: praten) and otherwise "schnacken" is almost always used. Now I live in Friesland (not to be confused with Dutch Friesland) and there is a "boarder" between villages between "proten" and "schnacken", because some villages had stronger connections to East Frisia due to natural barriers (moor, North Sea coastline). I am 33 and unfortunately only a few people my age still speak relatively fluent Low German, which I find a great pity.
I work in customer service for Germany and Austria in quality assurance and there are also some dialect forms in Austria that are quite difficult for me to understand, as well as Swiss German or Luxembourgish. My mother has lived at the other end of Germany in southeastern Bavaria for 10 years and when I visit her, I always have to pay very close attention to what is being said with long-established dialect speakers and still only understand about 60-70% and the rest I have to guess or infer from the context.
Was treibt denn eine Ostfriesin nach Bayern?
yeah okay but as a swiss german we speak perfect low standard german and can switch up between the accent. we also have to speak standard german in formal occasions
@@fjkfkfkf Ich glaube, da haben Sie etwas mißverstanden. Die Deutsch-Schweizer vesrtehen, geschweige sprechen, doch kein Plattdeutsch.
A basque speaker here, a language isolate. It is weird to see that you have forgotten the occitan language in France and in parts of Italy. A language that has even a literature nobel prize (Mistral).
7:54 For those interested:
That map is available in much better quality in 2 similar versions on the website with the capital "R".
6:26 Moldova mostly speaks Romanian, as we are also Romanians, even though many Moldovans would tell you about a “Moldavian Language” but That’s all Russian propaganda. The Gagauz is a turkish language that has remained here in southern moldova from when Greater Moldova was under the ottoman empire. The part of ukraine, south of Moldova used to be part of Moldova but the USSR gave it to ukraine, slowly taking that territory away from moldova or romania so that’s why there’s a mess of languages there. In rest, everyone here speaks Romanian or Russian. :)
Nobody speak German in France. Alsace-Lorraine used to have their own languages but they don't really exist anymore.
The only german thing left about Alsace Lorraine is that some of the place names have German origins such as Strasbourg.
@@TheAurelianProject And the region's architecture is German-style
Mappers still pretend for Italian languages to be just "Italian"
What you called dialects are completely distinct languages one another and are not intelligible, it's more the difference between Sicilian and Italian than Catalan and Castillan
In a sea of Germanic, Slavic and Latin languages, you have the unique Hungarian language, right in the middle. Respect to Hungary for somehow keeping their language.
As a Hungarian, I think the Uralic Union with Finland, Estonia and Hungary would be based, but cursed.
5:06 Also speaking of dialects, I'm from a region of Hungary, where 3 different dialects have a tripoint, so I kinda speak 3-ish dialects of Hungarian
Van egy Finn ismerősöm, semmi hasonló nincs a kettő nyelvben, lehet hogy ugyan abba a családba tartozunk de a Finnek és a Magyarok már kb. 3000 éve nem voltak egy nép. A Finnek legközelebb az Észtekhez lennének, de közöttük is van kb egy 1000-1500 év.
@@samuraidom6542 az nem igaz, hogy semmi hasonlóság nincs... attól még, hogy egy ideje külön fejlődnek ezek a nyelvek, lehet találni a közös múltunkra utaló hasonlóságokat
In Greece half of the population speak Albanian. Their dialect are Çam and Arvanitic.
True and yet Sarande in albanian is considered greek speaking sad.
Croatia, Serbia, and Bosnia speak the same language. Differences are so minor. There are greater differences in Slovenia, German, Italian, than is the difference between those three languages.
He didn't even mention Slovenia or Slovene. 😢🇸🇮
-Sarah
gagauz is a turkic language that is leftover from ottoman influences in this region. Back in the day moldova was fief of Ottoman empire
yeah , plus now the area is relatively separatist
@@adelinaiftime3152 yes, but gagauz people are calm, not like transnistrians
@@Ikarioto yeah, that's why i said relatively separatist. the transnistria situation is way worse
@@user-sb3yq5hi5p crimeans, nogais, tatars are kipchak turkic like bashkirs, kazakhs, kyrgyzs, karakalpaks, kumyks, karachay balkars, sibirs. gagauzes are oghuz like turkish, azerbaijani, turkmen, qashqai, khorasani, salar.
Welsh is the British language!!! Wish people would learn the difference between England, Britain and The UK. Glad someone is covering such subjects.
I respect your work and I know that this is an impossible task: what differenciates a language from a dialect is not always clear and depending on how you interpret it it can change everything! Also I don't understand how big a language has to be to be counted (how is corsican not on the map for example?)
My region for example can be seen as divided between italian and german if you oversimplify, but if you want to go too much into detail (to the point that the map is unintelligible and that it is controversial whether a couple of choices are actually languages) you have venetian, lombard, german, cimbrian, ladin, mocheno, nones ladin, trentin and italian
Overseas départements of France, which are part of France, in the Indian ocean, carribeans and south America, all have their own languages.
Alsacien is its own language, occitan and Basque are making a big come-back, and Corsican is its own language too.
Picard and Ch'timi aren't dead in the North either.
The government called these "dialects" for a very long time to diminish their importance, but they're all languages on their own.
Picard and Ch’timi are dialects of French (langues d’oïl) not independent languages. Occitan and Breton are so close to death they cannot be resurrected and all regional languages are in decline except maybe Catalan and Basque which are preserved thanks to the Spanish side of the border.
@@augth occitan is making a big come back.
French isn't the langue d'oïl, it is A langue d'oïl, like Picard or Normand. They're part of the same language family but are all languages of their own.
What we call French is just the Paris language, pr "dialect", also known as francilien.
Just like Catalan and Castillan aren't dialects of each other, or Scots and English are different languages.
I really hope that French languages aren't dead. I live in Alsace but I see very rarely people actually speaking it. Although it does exist on historic monuments. I really hope the current centralised state will end, it reminds me of the US treatment of Native Americans. Long live Occitània, Breizh, Elsàss, Corsica, Arpitania, and Picardie !
@@gamermapper it's mostly old timers speaking them, but I know a few people learning Occitan, our créoles and other island languages are still thriving too.
But as you said, I truly hope they get a new start, like Irish gaelic is doing right now
@@lapincealinge2 yeah I hope too!
The map is innaccurate. I am Ukrainian and in Ukraine people speak Russian all the way up to central Ukraine. Russian is even more spoken than Ukrainian (although Ukraine's 2001 "census" says otherwise)
If the citizenship actually depended on the preferred spoken language, then a lot of these people in Ukraine would simply make a choice to refuse to speak Russian.
Skopje should have the Bulgarian language
And Atina shold have Turkish language.
@@miki638 atina??? Where is atina?
@@ΔημήτρηςΛαζαρίδης-κ5θ where is skopje?
@@miki638 what do you mean , is there a town named atina in skopje?
@@ΔημήτρηςΛαζαρίδης-κ5θ Atina is slavic version of name Athens
My family is from Italy, near Venice. My parents spoke the dialect of the region together and Italian to me. I understand almost every Italian dialect. Unless very old people are speaking very fast. The Southern dialects of course are more difficult but after 2 weeks constantly hearing them it's ok.
My aunt married a Furlan - a man speaking Friaul. I do not understand him and I often spend time in Friuli. Just saying.
As I grew up in Switzerland, the German speaking part, my main language is German and I understand every dialect.
In both languages of course there are single words in some dialects that I do not know. But I can follow a conversation or understand a radio programm.
Do you speak the Swiss dialect and also standard German?
@Eduardo Goyzueta We all do. We speak our dialect in all situations, even Swiss professors at universities speak dialect together. In other countries speaking dialect is mostly perceived as "uneducated". Here it's normal.
But at school we are taught to read and write in Standard German. So we write letters, emails and documents and we read books and newspapers in Standard German.
It depends on the part you live but my dialect is about as different from German as is Spanish from Italian. But we are used to it. Children have to learn another language and reading/writing simultaneously.
How can you understand the different languages of Italy and we italian can't?
@@ValeriusMagni Ah, I grew up in the Italian community in Switzerland. My parents are from the North, we have family nel Veneto e nel Piemonte but the majority of Italians here are from the South. Calabria, Sicilia e Campania. They all came in the 1960ies, so they all speak dialect. We had to learn to understand it.
@@DramaQueenMalena ah ok
“Perhaps Yugoslavia would reunite”. Aye, shush, my poor Croatian grandma whose family fled Yugoslavia / Austria-Hungary and finally lived to see Croatia finally earn independence. Croatians strongly argue that their language is unique, though understandable by their neighbors. Much like how Spanish-speaking Spaniards can pretty much understand their Portuguese friends speaking Portuguese.
Yugoslavia is dead and i hope it stays that way.
About language,
we call our language based on the name of a country we are living in, you can call it serbian, croatian, bosnian, montenegrian,..... what ever, language is VERY similar and i can understand sometimes more Bosnians and Croatians then Serbians from the south, does that make serbians from the south speak another language ???
Manque l'occitan ; et le corse aussi.
5:22 Ladin is a minority language descended from Latin but with a lot a German influence, and Friulian is just really different from Italian (to me because they included it, they should've also added Sardinian and maybe Neapolitan?)
There's a mistake about Greece. The area, where you showed that people speak Turkish in fact is home to a Turkish speaking minority of about 100.000 people. But the majority of the population in West Thrace are ethnically Greek. So from that point of view Berlin should also have been shown as part of Turkiye and Paris should be Arab, if we just randomly take any language spoken by a small part of the population.
Also if Norwegian, Danish and Swedish are considered separate languages, you made a mistake about Germany. It should be split between Low German, Allemanic and Bavarian.
Friaulian and ladin aren't dialects, but their own languages, which are in the same sub language group as romansh. They have nothing more in common with italian as any other romance language (such as sardinian)
I do live in a country with approximately 277 languages and dialects (or even more). Still, they are used mostly by ethnic minorities. What is peculiar for me is that the authors of the maps haven't highlighted the Manx language of The Isle of Man (even though Irish and Scottish Gaelic were shown). And the thing about the Gagauz people is that it is an ethnic group of Turkic origin who came from the Balkans and settled in modern day Moldavia and some other countries
I may be incorrect, but i believe Manx is officially a dead language, no one actively uses it as language for conversations or writing outside of academia, so It wouldn't really count as a language that would influence a region anymore. I could be wrong, but I think that is the case. There's probably some kind of revitalization projects for it, but not that i'm aware of.
I had a quick look now after curiosity got the better of me and it seems it did go extinct but has subsequently been brought back as i presumed it might have, interesting, so ideally you are correct and it should have been shown~
@@ShirotheWiseWolf Manx went extinct in the 1970's and while the revival process is ongoing, currently only ca. 50 people speak it as their first language. No point in showing it on the map
the “italian local dialects” ARE NOT DIALECTS (a lot/most of them), they do not come from italian, in fact they all were formed at the same time, and if we consider the “dialects” as such, it would imply italian is a dialect of itself, as it was the language spoken by the important people in florence
Gagauz is a Turkic minority people. The region has a different culture and language than the Latin-based Moldovan majority and is autonomous.
Where is occitan?
another fun fact, i recently learnt that Achterhoeks and Limburgs are now also recognised as languages instead of dialects in the Netherlands
Achterhoeks isn't that Saxon? And Limburg is related to Luxembourgis
just wanted to say that in Poland pretty much everybody speek Polish, except for a minorities speaking Silesian in the region of Silesia and Kashubian in the north
And there is a Polish speaking part of Belarus and Lithuania
@@filipkopec525 there are even Polish speakers in Latvia, although I guess they don't form a majority in any large region
Missing: Spanish in North Africa (Ceuta). Because you included the whole country of Turkey and parts of Syria, Iraq, Kazakhstan, which are in Asia.
I know that the border between Asia and Europe doesn't really exist, but since you include the whole Turkey in the presentation...
Y Melilla
Missing from this map are Somalian, Arabic, Farsi, Hindi, etc. that have very large and growing populations of active speakers in Europe, and are now amongst the major languages in Europe. These linguistic communities would form large states within most European states.
7:12 protectorate?? We’re not a protectorate we’re an illegally occupied territory- also we speak Cypriot Turkish, which is sometimes unintelligible to Turks
Well only Turkey recognise northern Cyprus
"Cyprioy Turkish" is just an accent, we can easily understand each other.
@@dreameater6240 you can easily understand the way we talk to Turks, you’d have a very hard time trying to understand actual Cypriot Turkish
@@bengu3987 Lmao whatever greek cypriots have a strange greek accent too, its normal to have some diffrences in spoken language when you have been seperated by the mainland and have a slightly diffrent history.
@@dreameater6240 Mamır edersiniz
Estonian here. The Southern Estonian "language" is not really much different from the standard Estonian and is more like a dialect.
Honestly, almost nobody speaks Breton. if you consider Ireland to be more English than Gaelic and Corsica to be more French than Corsican, then Brittany is absolutely French.
6:00 Unsure about other countries, but specifically when it comes to Serbia, the northern most province of Vojvodina has historically been populated by Hungarians, only relatively recently (1600s, after the Austro-Turkish wars) did a major demographic shift happen, where in Vojvodina, Slavonia and Baranya were populated by Serbs escaping Ottoman reprisals for our role during the wars. If im not mistaken Serbs became the majority in those areas during 1700s though, however dont hold me on that one, as im unsure. Greetings from Serbia, great video
As for Slavonia and Baranja, they were never the majority, as they populated only the parts bordering Ottoman Empire...
Not true, Serbs were always majority there but there were also movement from Serbs from other parts of Serbia in 1600s due Ottoman invasion. Slavs were present on territory of Pannonian basin before Hungarian arrival on that territory (they came im 9th centry in Pannonia). When Hungarians came in 9th century they split the Slavic communities in the region in two, leading to the division of the West Slavs and the South Slavs.
@Dénes Main tribes in Pannonia were Slavic even after arrival of Hungarians. Genetically were Avars and Hungarians just minority of elite and wariors in Pannonia. Mainly women were and they still are of Slavic origin. They have taken over Magyar language. About Serbs and Croatians is theory of arrival from Caucasian area (and specially for Croatians from Iran).
@Dénes The moment you claim that Middle Age demographics are "very accurate" and "a fact", you lost all credibility. Middle Age demographics in all regions of the world are highly unreliable, counted only the nobility and not the vast majority made of common people aka peasants, and are only based on estimates, not facts - something made very clear by the Wiki page on Medieval Demography. If that isn't enough, demographics (which deals with _ethnicity_ of people) is only loosely connected to linguistics (which deals with the _languages_ spoken by people), especially in a multicultural, multiethnic and multilanguage area like the former Hungarian Kingdom, where a person speaking Hungarian (in order to have a chance in the kingdom) wouldn't necessarily mean that the person was an ethnic hungarian.
You talk about the mongol and ottoman massacres and how the Romanians (and probably other groups in Hungary, i.e. Slovaks, Serbs, Croatians, etc.) were a minority subject to assimilation. If that's so, how come your own Gesta Hungarorum chronicle mentioned Vlachs inhabiting and fighting against the Magyar / Hungarian invaders in the 9th century? How come the two most famous kings and defenders of Hungary, aka John Hunyadi and his son Matthias Corvinus were partially of Vlach (i.e. the name of Romanians in Middle Ages) origin, and both born in the Vlach populated Transylvania? How come just after the Mongol invasion - which you claim it devastated the Hungarian Kingdom and left it sparsely inhabited - sizable groups of Vlachs from the Hungarian ruled - but Vlach populated - Transylvania founded the nearby principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia, who would later form the basis of what is now Romania, along with - surprise surprise - Transylvania? How come the 1st document written in Romanian language in 1521 (Neascu of Campulung letter, written in the Old Slavonic script at the time) warned Transylvanian counterparts (i.e. the mayor of Brasov) of Turkish advance towards Hungary, indicating friendly relations and common cause against the invaders? How come after the Ottoman conquest of central Hungary at Mohacs in 1526 - which you again claim that it left Hungary depopulated - nobody assimilated the few Hungarians left in central Hungary (which was the only part of Hungary actually being conquered by the Ottomans, since Transylvania was just under Ottoman suzerainity)?
The problem is that you mix things that actually happened, i.e. the fact that population was left devastated after both the Mongol and the Ottoman invasions, with claims that simply don't match with a devastated and depopulated region. If Hungary was devastated and depopulated after these events, so would be the Romanian "minority" there (which was never a minority, just like the Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Slovaks and others weren't in their own countries, but that's another story), thus not being able to produce kings for the Hungarian throne (and the most effective kings to date, besides Stephen I of Hungary, of course), not being able to found new principalities in Wallachia and Moldavia, not being able to receive letters in the Romanian language that they would easily understand, and well, the last but not the least, not being able to work the land for the Hungarian nobility. My friendly advice to you is to make sure that what you claim makes sense in the future. Denying other people's rights and trying to distort their history is exactly why Trianon happened to Hungary (besides bloody politics, of course) - try to learn from your neighbours who treat their Hungarian speaking citizens honestly, with respect and consideration, if they deserve it (even in Communism, ffs).
@Dénes You know what's hilarious, now that you mentioned? :D You claiming others exhibit gypsy behavior and making a connection with their origins, when the Hungarians, themselves a people coming from the borders of Asia, conquered - which by definition means stealing the land from other people, including Vlachs, by force - every place they live in since the 9th century (or 5th century if you count the Huns). If that's not gypsy behavior, I don't know what is, really - just saying...
Personally, I don't know of Romanians stealing stuff from Hungary in WW1 (for sure know about how Russians did it every time in Romania), but then I'm sure you never heard of similar "bad deeds" by Hungarians in WW1 and WW2, so I believe it would be best for both to just apologize to each other nation's wrongdoings (if required) and move on. Fact is, like you already mentioned (and unlike Hungarians), Romanians never took the lands where Hungarians consistently lived as a majority (or any other land that wasn't theirs, except maybe a small part of Bulgaria, which they gave it back after a few years), i.e. Pannonia, even when they could have. If they did claim to have the border up until Tisza river in WW1 (and acted accordingly on wartime), that was just a negotiation tactic to make sure they get the lands where they were always a majority, i.e. Transylvania, and don't come up empty handed in a world where alliances and the given word were just temporary - I'm sure that deep down you are aware of that, experiencing Trianon and all. Someone selling you something will always ask for a higher price to make sure he gets the price he actually wants, that's how these things work, unfortunately. Otherwise, even in communism, the Romanian Hungarians could live just like anybody else, without being oppressed (the period they had autonomy is proof of that, like you mentioned) and certainly not at the level ethnic Romanians were during the 10 centuries of Hungarian rule (the latter couldn't use their language in public, couldn't have rights like everyone else, couldn't own land, basically being in servitude to the Hungarians their whole life). What little trouble you had a couple of years because of wars or communism is NOTHING at all compared to what Romanians endured for 1000 years, being pariah on their own soil. And after the fall of communism, Hungarians in Romania have rights that other minorities in other states would only dream of (e.g. partial education in maternal language, continuous representation in the Romanian Parliament, bilingual signs and place names for places having as little as 20% of their population of Hungarian origin). Pfff...
Your point about languages is invalid, for one simple reason: I wasn't talking about trade, or career opportunities. I was talking about understanding with their neighbours, with their landlord, and so on - something that was required under the threat of force, especially in the Middle Ages, unless you expect Huungarian nobility to learn Romanian so they could take 3/4 of the Romanian peasant's crop, LOL. Learning the language of the country you live in is a necessity in every time and era, but that doesn't mean you're an ethnic of that country. Every person of a different ethnicity than the country he lives in can attest to that. My own grandparents (Romanians from Transylvania, by the way) had to learn Hungarian for the same reason and circumstances, they even had Hungarian neighbours. Even I know a few words in the language, and I'm only half from Transylvania.
Regarding the middle section, I guess I misunderstood what you initially wrote (didn't take the Hungarians from Transylvania moving back in central Hungary variant into account). The way you put it now makes sense indeed, but so does the continuity variant, if you're being fair, especially considering that Vlachs already existed in the region at the time of Magyar tribes arrival, they founded two other principalities coming from Transylvania afterwards, and so on. In a way, these contradicting claims look similar with the Jews in Palestina question. Everybody knows Jews have been there for millenia, Jesus himself was a Jew born there (just like Vlachs or their ancestors), but due to historical circumstances that didn't depend on them, the topic is still blurry to this day, especially for the side arguing otherwise. From a logical point of view it makes more sense for people to mostly stay in the region they initially come from than moving around hundreds and thousands of kms in such great numbers, just to repopulate areas for which, and history has proven, the Hugarians already had solutions for (simple example: Saxons or other populaces used for this purpose). Not to mention that it made no sense for Vlachs, who already lived in the 2 neighbouring established principalities that were not under direct Ottoman threat at that time to migrate in such huge numbers in a country that fared more poorly than their own regions then, due to the Ottoman invasion effects. Even then, why migrate just to Transylvania and not central Hungary, if only the latter was in need of a repopulation? See, the truth is easy to see if you follow logic.
I was not talking about John Hunyadi's familty being gifted a castle in the Hunyadi area of Transylvania, I was talking about his father being a Vlach (confirmed by historical sources), so both him and his son Matthias Corvinus had partial Vlach / Romanian ancestry. This has everything to do with ethnicity as far as I remember, but if you want further proof of such things, check how many statues of him, street names, and how revered he and his son is in Romania (his family even helped Moldavia's Stephen the Great to repel the Ottomans, so it wasn't like it wasn't reciprocal). By the way, coming full circle with how honestly Hungarians are treated in Romania, ever heard of Gyorgy Dosza? Leader of a peasant rebellion in Hungary, tortured to death for that by Hungarian (not Romanian, by the way) authorities at the time for his role in the revolt, today he has a similar number of statues, monuments, street names and being looked like a hero in Romania ... and he was a Szekely, i.e. Hungarian speaking man from south east Transylvania - not Vlach, not Romanian! Can you find me a SINGLE similarly respected figure of a Romanian in Hungary, like there are dozens of - partially or not - ethnic Hungarians in Romania? Oh wait - see, that was what I was talking about ...
P.S. Speaking like a teacher (even if just a wannabe one, LMAO) is certainly better than using "ppl" or "sry" and asking to "let me tell you something" like a know-it-all, like you did in your original post. I honestly thought whether you were just a 12 y.o. kid and whether I should bother replying, after seeing that. Fortunately your 2nd post is better in that regard, I don't have the feeling I was talking to an illiterate child like after reading your first reply. Credit to you for changing the tune to a more mature one (bar the pointless attempts to offend when mentioning the gypsy attitude, that is). :D
Why include Romansh with 40-60k speakers but not occitan that has estimated 600k speakers?
Because the Swiss protect and encourage Romansh while the French don't like regional languages like Occitan, Breton and Basque, so they don't get much support or government help and are rapidly declining.
Basque... French? Wtf
@@Dave_Sisson Occitans are the American Indians of France 😢 when will this cultural ğenoçide end