Yes, the ability to think clearly and rationally is more important than one's intellect. I think ego has always been the Achilles heel of the people from our subcontinent, so a wise person will always keep it in check.
Lol,this guy has really no knowledge.He says Mahabharata and Ramayana does not have any battle scenes.I have seen almost all good war scenes made in west.All of them pale in comparision to Mahabharata.
AIM never fails to surprise. A simple request to Kushal would be to come up with more such episodes on history related discussions. I'm in absolute awe. 👍🏼
Saw it live but now again viewing it. AIM is brilliant. I had heard Chengis Khan won because of saddle and bow skills. But they way he has explained is too good. Worth watching once a year for ever !
My god, this is the best informative video I have ever seen on a topic that is rarely understood. Kudos to AIM for giving us such a detailed presentation and Kushal for this youtube channel!!
@@vidyalaxmi466 i have seen many of your comments claiming AIM is giving wrong information, I also believe that he has some sort of mindset that Indians never invented anything, nd this leads him to derecognise the Indian contribution to war science, can u give some sources where u find Aim pov in this video wrong, I would like to watch or read them too
1:06:30...🤣🤣🤣 Kushal should start War History series with Abhijit on weekly basis, no one teaches it in school and college, please please please start war history series...🙏❤️🙏
This is a fantastic episode. The Central Asian region is fascinating. Abhijit did a fantastic job. Much respect for him. This episode brought a lot of memories from "The Great Game" by Peter Hopkirk, although the context is very different.
This gave so much context to the sparse info that is known. Vijaynagar empire was highly mistaken because they were importing horses from central asia just because they could and afford. Later a lot of the traders started fleecing the Vijaynagar empire by giving low-quality horses. Probably one of the reasons they lost at Talikota.
A good amount of local breeding of horses/ponies in Maharashtra was done by shepherd caste Dhangars - which supports AIM's view that herding lifestyle is good for breeding horses. And even more interesting to note is that large number of horsemen in Maratha cavalry were Dhangars. (Malhar Rao Holkar who founded Indore state was Dhangar by caste).
AIM is all anti India totally forgetting the excellent use of Bhimtadi ponies which were a local breed and which out performed Central Asian horses .... this is no different than AIM crying horse on why desi guns were not selected over foreign..... when u like muppet reject local horses with excellent track record over the delicate and only capable of running on flats ... out of India horses ..... the same mentality is still harboured by our defence guys !!!
@@vidyalaxmi466 The point being there was little advancement - especially with regard to gunpowder, cannons, and so on before the Mughals - war science has almost always lagged significantly behind in India. His view is an extremely negative realistic view. He rarely makes two bones about calling a spade a spade.
@Devvrat Mishra science of weaponry, gunpowder, guns, artillery, tactics etc. Compare the Napoleonic wars to wars of the same time period in India. Huge deal of difference. This difference has stemmed from a long time ago.
Firstly horse growing region is clearly an assumption on the part of Mr Abhijit, as horses are also found in mountains. There are several indigenous mountain ponies in India which thrive in high altitude areas of Himalayas. Kathiawar and Marwar region don’t qualify as open meadows, but rather open scrublands and deserts, and essentially Marwaris, Kathiawaris and Sindhis are all desert breeds that can also survive in tropical deciduous environment. Now there are Ponies and Horses and not older small horse and newer big horse. Ponies and horses still exist and have different usage. Ponies are well capable of carrying human load on their backs without breaking it, and ponies are just an adaptation of horses in cold weather, and essentially all the taller horse breeds have originated in warmer climates. Touching upon the saddle part of the lecture, every one who has done riding professionally would know this for sure that, one does not really qualify as a good rider if one cannot ride a horse bareback, it’s the most essentially riding technique to get the much needed balance on a horse, and trained riders have adapted to bareback riding and get used to the discomfort. So Saddles are designed for rider comfort more than horse comfort. There’s nothing known as Muling effect, mules are not impotent horses but rather a cross between a horse and an ass/donkey. It happens through artificial insemination and is not a natural phenomenon. What exactly is the doubt about existence of true horse breed in India? Marwaris and Kathiawaris don’t appear to be true horse breeds? Regarding Maratha cavalry, they did not import Arabian horses atall but rather used the Bhimradi breed which essentially are Kathiawaris bred in bhimtadi region. Marathas were not the only cavalry force in Medeaval India, but also the Sikhs, Rajputs and Jats. The whole battlefield had essentially transformed into a cavalry centric battle, with limited use of infantry. So again an assumption on the part of ‘economics not favouring the Marathas’ due to horse import does not make sense, as the Marathas continued to remain a very effective cavalry force in Deccan and North. Deccan and most regions in India had a very vibrant horse culture where horses are part of most Indian celebrations, and it’s almost an indomitable part of Indian marriages. Rig Veda never considers Horses as alien, it considers horses to be important coz it’s a war journal, and obviously it won’t rate a cow above a horse as a cow has absolutely no role to play in a battlefield. In the first few slides the Mongol pony was discussed as the original horse breed, which is a baseless claim. The reason being, that bigger horse breeds did not evolve out of smaller breeds, although a switch from ponies to bigger horses is still debatable. When cavalries started focusing on speed and endurance there was a steady requirement of bigger and faster horses that could cover longer distances. Hence a shift and not really a genetic evolution. Now talking about number of horses in India, horse breeding techniques in India or rather any prominent horse cultures in the world had never allowed horses to run amok in meadows as wild creatures, rather they were selectively bred and kept in pens. A horse would gallop irrespective of the terrain it faces, it would ideally need a flat terrain but not necessarily meadows to survive. Furthermore the fact that domesticated horses have gone wild in America and Australia, which are not native horse territories further confirms the claim that horses always don’t require meadows to thrive but a relatively flat land is sufficient for them to survive. In Indian traditional breeding practices, horses have to qualify on phenotypic parameters in order to be judged a good horse, and most pure breeds are actually selected and judged through their physical parameters which is impossible in wild feral populations due to hybridisation and sometimes inbreeding . Hence it’s a myth that only open meadows can breed hoses and not deserts, scrublands and forested ares. Horses in India were essentially used by all Varnas, and was not a status symbol, moreover they were bred in large numbers by local villagers and sold to the royal Armies, the breeders would strictly maintain the bloodlines and these breeding practices are still followed. Finally gelding of horse is never a good practice, precisely because a gelded horse although is obedient does not transmit any genetic experience it has gained to its offspring, resulting is depletion of newer stocks, moreover gelding of stallions severely depletes breeding stocks. That’s the reason behind horses not being gelded in India as war horses would produce the new stocks which would develop in a bloodline. British essentially had poor horse culture as compared to rest of Europe, and hence their preference for gelded horses in battle, as they were easier to handle than a Stallion. Horse cultures develop around horses, and all famous horse cultures have grown with horses, that essentially is the essence of true horsemanship, and when one lacks such training and upbringing they start castrating these animals to demand their obedience.
@@SurajsT-by9es There’s very little I agree to in this video, because this video isn’t fact based or research based but based on assumptions. I believe some of this response comes from British journals on Horse breeding in India which coincided with the Aryan invasion theory in the early 20 th century. Most Indologists in earlier times believed in the OIT and not AIT, but failure to fit in Christianity and western chronology into the OIT and racism resulted in AIT. Now Aryan invasion theory is incomplete without the horse, as the so called hordes of Aryans came galloping into India on horseback and destroyed the indigenous population, thus resulting in migration. Now without pondering on to the lies of AIT I will just focus on horses. Even if we consider that horses were not native to India and they came with the Aryans, what really happened to the breeding stock which remained with the Aryans? Did they die out? If yes then how did the indigenous horse breeds develop? And moreover how is it possible that Neolithic cave paintings in Bimbetka which predated Aryan invasion by thousands of years clearly show people fighting on horseback? So Bimbetka should have ideally been an eye opener for the Indians. Now coming to Indian horse breeds like the Marwaris, Kathiawaris and Sindhis, they have unique adaptations that are not found in any other horse breeds such as sickle shaped ears and the famous rewaal chal that you won’t find in thoroughbreds Arabs and Akal Teke. Again this proves Indian horses have evolved in isolation over centuries to develop such adaptations. Moreover the true history of desi horse breeds can be heard from the breeders who have bred these horses from centuries. None of their tales ever mention any import from Arabia, rather they claim that horses have originated from celestial three headed horse of Indra which is also a story that many middle eastern Bedouin tribes also believe in. I in fact can prove that horses had rather left Indian shores, as many Indian kings had the tradition of gifting horses and elephants, amongst many other riches. If we consider the OIT how did these people migrate out of the subcontinent. Alexander and precisely the Greeko Bacterians traded in Indian animals, such as the Indian dog breeds ( Indian mastiffs), Indian Zebus cattles, exotic Indian birds, horses and elephants. Alexander took a lot of these animals when he left for Macedonia. Even today a lot of Afghan and Arab horse merchants come to Sarankhera, Balotra and Pushkar cattle fairs to buy Indian horses, specifically the Sindhi Kachhi horses, Marwaris and Kathiawaris are banned from export. These Sindhi Kachhi breeds are prized for their endurance by the Arabs, and they have a big export market for such breeds. Now if you go to these areas (kutch) and ask these breeders, they would explain you that such kind of trades happened for centuries. Last thing I would want to add is that when in this video it was mentioned that horses in India were imported from Arabia, I would like Mr Abhijeet to explain, what was the scale of import, if import was so huge there must have been some record of such trade, what was the mode of such massive horse trade, as I would presume that these trades happened via the sea routes what was the cost of such massive imports, surely there must have been Arab traders who became extremely rich through these trades? Is there any Arab history of such trade and traders. Now anybody who is involved in cattle breeding and export would know that even in modern times, export of animals as big as a horse is a very expensive and difficult affair even with all kinds of modern transportation available by both land and sea, and I could very well understand how expensive it must have been in ancient times to keep up with such scale of import. Keeping up with the demand for horses back in those days this constant imports would not only be economically unviable but also impossible. And I would like to clear the air over the import of horse theory by asking this simple logical question that horses must have been the most important item of trade in these times if we go by this video, in that case who exactly controlled these kind of trade? And why such massive imports don’t find any mention in Indian texts? And why would such absurd trade happen when there are high quality native horse breeds available? Now let me explain you guys the true story behind Indian horse fiasco. It’s actually a British horse fiasco that dons an Indian hat. Britain was very late to the introduction of true horse Cavalry as compared to rest of Europe. Only during the Roman invasion of the island did the British realise the true potential of cavalry. Moreover being an island the British pretty much remained oblivious to the horse culture that was flourishing in mainland Europe. By the early 17th century the British could only develop draft horses that could not perform well as cavalry horses due to lack of speed. With Europe now navigating the world looking for colonies, having good cavalry horses became essential. This was an area the Brits severely lacked due to lack of horse culture in the island. The British fixation with cavalry only increased by the day as they were lagging behind the French and the Spaniards in matters of horse breeding and cavalry tactics. Thus massive import of oriental and Spanish stock happened in Britain, and they went on to develop the thoroughbred horse which essentially was a hybrid of Arab, Turkoman, Spanish and native horses. British however faced a setback when they started colonising India. Indian native cavalry in British war diaries have been mentioned as unmatched, with riders and the horses in-sync, almost to the extent that sometimes they have even been mentioned as demons riding out of hell. Indian Cavalry pretty much dominated the battlefield even after the Brits introduced firearms. Now it suddenly became economically unviable to import horses from Britain. British although would hire native cavalry for battle, the British officers found Indian stallions too fiery and difficult to handle, as the British cavalrymen was more used to riding geldings. Indians would usually not allow their horses to be gelded due to the sheer economic loss of doing so. The British thus established their own breeding program in India for constant supply of geldings for battle. The initial import of the stock began from Australia, where the waler horses were imported from New South Wales to kick start the breeding program. Australia by this time had a huge stock of horses including the feral horses that had originated from the imported stock. Australia was chosen as the destination for horse import due to its proximity with India and also because Australian horses could survive well in warm climates. Moreover Australia’s battle with feral horses now found a viable economic solution. The British then went on to import thoroughbred horses into India along with criollo horses from Argentina to keep improving the stock along with native horses. The Brits by early 20th century were able to give rise to the Indian half bred horses that became the standard cavalry mount for the Indian sowars. Now the issue with British breeding technique was lack of breeding stallions and excessive use of geldings in battle, which resulted in depletion of stocks. Such was the cost of horse import in British India, that the British parliament started questioning the breeding practices in the early 20th century, even to the extent of the viability of importing horses when Native stocks were well suited for cavalry operations. (Refer horse breeding in England and India and army horses abroad, by sir Walter Gilbey, pg 64, 65). The British in order to continued their cavalry operations in India cited that Indian horses were inferior for cavalry operations. It was during this time the AIT picked up pace, and thus this fiasco pertaining to Indian horse breeding, as AIT also helped the Brits establish inferiority of Indian horses, by making it look alien and exotic to the Indians. Obviously Indians have not done any research on their horse culture and have considered horses to be alien. These British horse theories were later picked up by communist and leftist historians, portraying India as a nation that was not up to date with their military technology, had no martial traditions and severely lacked horse culture, which resulted in the defeat of Hindu kings in the hands of superior Central Asian horse archers. They even went on to glorify the Turkish and Arab horsemen, which now seems to have been accepted by the Indians as a gospel truth, to the extent that any counter and logical narrative is met with accusation of being Ethno Nationalist. I ask such people, in a multi ethnic country like ours which ethnicity are you really accusing? I rest my argument here saying that Indian horse culture was the centre stage of Indian resistance to Islamic and European invasions which should never be undermined.
Brilliant riposte! Please do a video response and post it here as people need to see. People get swayed by the charisma of brilliant speakers like Abhijit and forget objectivity and truth.
Aditya bro, a History teacher has to keep to the syllabus, na. This is for enthusiasts, not for students. Even a UPSC Coach wouldn't get into all of this. History teachers teaching like this? If wishes were horses, beggars would ride. If not for RUclips, you and me wouldn't even get to listen to this. But yeah, I fully agree, this was awesome. If only History classes were half as captivating.
There are very few scholars like Abhijeet who support every word he says with actual facts and lot of scientific thinking and knowledge. Great work Sir and thank you for sharing your knowledge with us.
How on earth did he share so much knowledge for free. Truly indebted to Abhijit. So much hardwork and reading must have gone in all of this. Really grateful for this
AIM with a structured ppt, and truly excited about the topic like a kid at an ice-cream truck.. f***ING YEAH!! A bangali " joy guru" 🙏🙏 to AIM for this session.. Kaushal dada this session gets a definite happy Arnab 🎉🎉
What I like the most about these podcasts is that they shed a lot of light on the baggage of historical misinformation or lets say misinterpretations we make, and we have been making for ages.
They say Mahabharat has elaborate explanation over the different tactics of war. Abhijit says v did not have a better way to preserve the knowledge on palm leaves, if it was true how come v still can see lot of those palm leaves even today? There are videos of how a palm leaf was prepared before it was used for writing in one of the Praveen mohan videos on youtube. If v could not keep records are write anything in Nalanda university around 1000 CE what were they teaching to people coming from all over the world and if it were not records which were burnt, what were the invaders burning for 2 months . In the process of puncturing our exaggeration of past glorification Abhijit ends up doing the opposite sometimes. It was a great talk by the way.
Yeah, too smart by half. At this rate Mr Mitra will soon be in the category of an entertainer rather than a serious scholar. People should read Majid Khan's comments below debunking the assumptions and mistakes in this video.
This is by far the finest podcast or discussion I have seen on any right leaning forum/platform. Incisive, to the point, great intellectual depth and of course, no indic-dharmic non sense.
Hey, I'm new to this and haven't watched this video completely. Can you explain how is the channel right leaning and can you suggest some great videos on this channel which can inculcate some pride and positivity for India/Bharat (of course, without any non-researched hyper-nationalistic bias) ? You can also suggest some videos outside this channel which you found great regarding the aforementioned ?
AIM, is a very smart analyst. This level of detail and explanation is unheard of with analysts or academia. India lacks people like AIM, someone who has a vision, depth of understanding and empathy.
as an amateur equistrian myself...really appreciated your part about saddle fit...yes saddle fit is a science of its own and saddles are made to fit both horse and rider.
This is top class! Abhijit's analysis here is a PhD material. Thanks a lot Kushal for such a gem of a series. These are the topics that were long awaiting for the light of the day in India 👍🙏🙏🙏
Excellent presentation by Abhijit. We need such brilliant and astute intellectuals like him in our mainstream academia and public intellectual fora, in Universities like National Defence University (NDU) as Professor of Military History and Strategic Affairs. He should play a critical advisory role in MEA and Defence Ministry. Government Of India, Please Hire him in your next Lateral entry program and place him as Joint Secretary in MEA/Defence Ministry or at least a professor of NDU. 🙏🙏
Excellent presentation Abhi... You never fail to impress with your immense knowledge. Please come up with a course, Abhi. A course where you can teach young people about your idea of what India should do to reach her highest potential in the areas of your expertise. That way, we can have the younger generation learn from you and when it's their turn to take over the country, they'll know what to do and how
@Ankita Sharma How do u know that Pallavi is all over the channel and comments in every video. It only suggests only one thing u watched every video of this channel and read every comment. And by your description of kushal looks I think u are simping for kushal and just got jealous on Pallavi.
Horses are not rare in they are very much available in india..the horses were used in early india more for pulling chariots and less for riding on horses back( pulling is easier than taking weight and riding).I think abhijit did not cover this point .sad to say this video ends up projecting as if india never had horses and all horses were imported...india had many different type of horses...they were used with chariots and not for riding as they had weak spine..please search on you tube for different horses variety in india .....this video did not cover the other horse like zaniskari,Tibet pony,spiti horses and some more(they were available in North india).this is my assumption that spiti horses were widely used in ancient Indian battle ..Indians failed in horse breeding...agreed..but that horses concept was alien to india or that horse were very rare...disagree .. To all reading this comment ..pls search for different breed of horses....do not take whatever abhijit says as final....he himself does research.........u can do the same
Brilliant presentation. It answers the mystery of how these completely primitive turkics could defeat larger Rajput forces. It was simply superior number of horses and clever use of horse archers etc. The Indians simply did not come up with an effective counter move until the musket came on the battlefield. After that the Muslims have lost every single war against the Indians.
Muslims didn't win every war, you are over stating their successes and also there was no divide between Muslims and Hindus,a lot of Hindu Generals and Muslim Generals fought alongside to defeat their opponent which also composed of similar religious groups
@The carvaka podcast Mahabharat has war tactics mentioned by Bheeshma. Like Romans had phalanx, similarly we have eagle formation, crane and crocodile formation of military forces.
Very underestimated you tube channel, very very good, to both Kaushal for coming up with the idea and AIM for awesome and very difficult presentation 🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻
For your kind Information Marathas reached as far as ATTOCK on these Bhimtadi ponies against your superior green flats running central Asian horses !!! The biggest flaw of central Asian horses was they could only run on flat grounds their ankles being the weak link .... any holes in the ground and these horses used to break their legs .... that’s why local shorter breeds who were capable of running in mountains used to cover the flats more quicker without breaking their ankles !!
I really appreciate you for coming with this. For so long I always wondered why Horses were imported through Gujarat, why can't we breed on our own. Now I know and thanks to you : )
Dear Kushal and Abhijeet 🥰....want to bring to your notice a fatwa being issued in Advaita Nagar.,a village of West Bengal..which apparently is not Shariat complaint....As influencers could you pls make some noise about this scary scenario to wake up our government 😴🙃🗣
Good that you brought this to attention. Please send an email to editors of any national paper, OpIndia and Republic expressing the situation at length. Post this on your social media, анонимност.
Now that our obsession with the horse has ended , let’s move onto the latest military innovations -at least Air Force , if not drone warfare and AI in military.
@Devvrat Mishra my first comment was basically can we have a session based on the latest military tech and what is the equivalent of today’s cavalry(that we obsess over but not our strength) and today’s infantry(that we ignore but is simple enough to deter attacks )
@Devvrat Mishra makes sense , AIM has told before that we should rather go in for like the production of 400-500 Tejas , so that scale is achieved and also by sheer quantity we can win.
This podcast was one of the knowledgeable podcasts i learnt about cavalry, horse, its categorization with geographic presentation. I urge you mohadya kushal next time make a podcast with Dear abhijit on #Inca civilization and their fighting tactics and as well as of Aztec (Mexicans), most of us know about them the very leastest
@@stefano1405 Of Inca people? Yes, the supreme one is - Viracocha, he has subordinates as that of Brahma has Inca people were progenies of south of India, the presence of fire time there, beliefs and archeologistically, much is yet to be known if sane archeologists go to there from Aryavart
18:39 Battle of Kasahrada (1178) - Mularaja II of Solanki Dynasty defeated Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad Ghori. Battle of Mount Abu (1179)- Rani Naikidevi solanki defeated Muhammad Ghori. 1st Battle of Tarain (1191) - Muhammad Ghori was defeated by 'Prithvi Raj Chauhan' nearly sixteen times before Tarain but was spared. 2nd battle of Tarain (1192) - Delhi lost it's Hindu capital to invaders because of internal treachery.
Highly intellectual stuff. AIM can see through the things that may appear nothing to us. It looks like he views things from many dimensions and notice little details that helps him in understanding different topics
AIM sir please let us know what was the role of Horse shoe in Alexander's expedition to India.... because the earliest proof of Horse shoe is 400 BC in Etruscan Tomb. Alexander attacked India in 323 BC..and that Shoe itself was imperfect....and in case of longstanding warfare the hoof of horse is exposed to severe wear and tear...so even if Alexander's expedition started with 1800 horses with a primitive Shoe... how many of them lasted till they reach India without proper shoe is debatable....and India at that time is highly affected with Glanders or Farcy that's why in 1899 British had to pass Farcy act...as well as The disease named 'Surra' transmitted by Tabanus fly was extremely prevalent.... maybe those have some effect on the horses used in warfare in India and to be looked upon.
i read all this in Marathi book भारतातील युद्धशास्त्राची उपेक्षा. i.e ignorance of warfare science/ techniques in India. It was a remarkable book by J D Jogalekar.
One of the unique thing was for foreigners from central asians. That Turks ate horses. It may look or sound barbaric but it is quite frightening in the middle of the fight. One would slaughter his horse and cut big chunk of meat and starts eating with its blood. Well they don’t eat horse like that currently. But in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan horses are eaten almost daily or weekly.
In the battlefield there was no time for mercy, soft heart, animal oriented. Usually some fights were lasting days and weeks. From sunrise to sunset if you are in action as a soldier, You had to eat in order to be productive soldier. Remember horses were not only tool for transportation but it was a meal too. Nations main meal comes from history and lifestyle of that community. Meat and bread and some water makes soldiers fight all day long. Turks not anatolian Turks but Central Asians. They till this day eat horse meat which is called “Kazi” its like dried marinated sausage style meat. And They drink milk and they have special drink made out of horse milk called “Kimiz”
The amount of intellectual depth that AIM has is mind boggling. He has taught me how to think.
@@benefactor4309 and that ego of his is commendable
thats... sad.. :/ but chalo also good, i guess..
Yes, the ability to think clearly and rationally is more important than one's intellect. I think ego has always been the Achilles heel of the people from our subcontinent, so a wise person will always keep it in check.
Lol,this guy has really no knowledge.He says Mahabharata and Ramayana does not have any battle scenes.I have seen almost all good war scenes made in west.All of them pale in comparision to Mahabharata.
@@benefactor4309 Yes,his ego makes him think that he has the final word.Problem is he is not really an academic.
Let us just appreciate the amount of effort that must have gone into coming up with this presentation....Hats off to the Iyer Supremacy !!!
@Vishal Sorout jaat gandu not fart every where
Abhijeet Tnx for working hard to give knowledge free। the castiest just bugger of from knowledge pod cast go to some congi or commi pod casts।
"The Iyer Supremacy" was just for fun like Abhijeet Sir himself indulges in at times. Not a casteist remark 🤦🏽♂️
@@pranavkumar3782 chamar humour samjhna sikh
Chammar rock 👍 Mack silh socks😂😂
Abhijit iyer Mitra never disappoints the audience
AIM never fails to surprise. A simple request to Kushal would be to come up with more such episodes on history related discussions. I'm in absolute awe. 👍🏼
Saw it live but now again viewing it. AIM is brilliant. I had heard Chengis Khan won because of saddle and bow skills. But they way he has explained is too good. Worth watching once a year for ever !
We suffer because of ''If it's Imported it will be good" attitude
Well it is good it's just not the best choice for your particular situation
My god, this is the best informative video I have ever seen on a topic that is rarely understood. Kudos to AIM for giving us such a detailed presentation and Kushal for this youtube channel!!
It’s wrong information. Please do your homework before buying any crap information
@@vidyalaxmi466 i have seen many of your comments claiming AIM is giving wrong information, I also believe that he has some sort of mindset that Indians never invented anything, nd this leads him to derecognise the Indian contribution to war science, can u give some sources where u find Aim pov in this video wrong, I would like to watch or read them too
@Alexios I Komnenos 😂😂
1:06:30...🤣🤣🤣
Kushal should start War History series with Abhijit on weekly basis, no one teaches it in school and college, please please please start war history series...🙏❤️🙏
I love when Abhijit does an in depth analysis of a particular issue ,great to hear this
This is a fantastic episode. The Central Asian region is fascinating. Abhijit did a fantastic job. Much respect for him. This episode brought a lot of memories from "The Great Game" by Peter Hopkirk, although the context is very different.
This gave so much context to the sparse info that is known. Vijaynagar empire was highly mistaken because they were importing horses from central asia just because they could and afford. Later a lot of the traders started fleecing the Vijaynagar empire by giving low-quality horses. Probably one of the reasons they lost at Talikota.
It's not, it's lost the battle due to treachery of Gilani brothers.
@@shivaputrabiradar2960 yes. Plus the Vijayanagar king was a wannabe. He wanted royal validation as he was himself not from a royal lineage
Battle of talikota was lost because of Aliya Rama Raya’s arrogance. He was an evil man who imprisoned Krishna Deva Raya’s heir.
A good amount of local breeding of horses/ponies in Maharashtra was done by shepherd caste Dhangars - which supports AIM's view that herding lifestyle is good for breeding horses. And even more interesting to note is that large number of horsemen in Maratha cavalry were Dhangars. (Malhar Rao Holkar who founded Indore state was Dhangar by caste).
AIM is all anti India totally forgetting the excellent use of Bhimtadi ponies which were a local breed and which out performed Central Asian horses .... this is no different than AIM crying horse on why desi guns were not selected over foreign..... when u like muppet reject local horses with excellent track record over the delicate and only capable of running on flats ... out of India horses ..... the same mentality is still harboured by our defence guys !!!
@@vidyalaxmi466 The point being there was little advancement - especially with regard to gunpowder, cannons, and so on before the Mughals - war science has almost always lagged significantly behind in India. His view is an extremely negative realistic view. He rarely makes two bones about calling a spade a spade.
@Abhra Talukdar essentially yes. I agree.
@Devvrat Mishra science of weaponry, gunpowder, guns, artillery, tactics etc. Compare the Napoleonic wars to wars of the same time period in India. Huge deal of difference. This difference has stemmed from a long time ago.
Wasn't Tipu Sultan's rocketry better than the English?
Firstly horse growing region is clearly an assumption on the part of Mr Abhijit, as horses are also found in mountains. There are several indigenous mountain ponies in India which thrive in high altitude areas of Himalayas. Kathiawar and Marwar region don’t qualify as open meadows, but rather open scrublands and deserts, and essentially Marwaris, Kathiawaris and Sindhis are all desert breeds that can also survive in tropical deciduous environment. Now there are Ponies and Horses and not older small horse and newer big horse. Ponies and horses still exist and have different usage. Ponies are well capable of carrying human load on their backs without breaking it, and ponies are just an adaptation of horses in cold weather, and essentially all the taller horse breeds have originated in warmer climates. Touching upon the saddle part of the lecture, every one who has done riding professionally would know this for sure that, one does not really qualify as a good rider if one cannot ride a horse bareback, it’s the most essentially riding technique to get the much needed balance on a horse, and trained riders have adapted to bareback riding and get used to the discomfort. So Saddles are designed for rider comfort more than horse comfort. There’s nothing known as Muling effect, mules are not impotent horses but rather a cross between a horse and an ass/donkey. It happens through artificial insemination and is not a natural phenomenon. What exactly is the doubt about existence of true horse breed in India? Marwaris and Kathiawaris don’t appear to be true horse breeds? Regarding Maratha cavalry, they did not import Arabian horses atall but rather used the Bhimradi breed which essentially are Kathiawaris bred in bhimtadi region. Marathas were not the only cavalry force in Medeaval India, but also the Sikhs, Rajputs and Jats. The whole battlefield had essentially transformed into a cavalry centric battle, with limited use of infantry. So again an assumption on the part of ‘economics not favouring the Marathas’ due to horse import does not make sense, as the Marathas continued to remain a very effective cavalry force in Deccan and North. Deccan and most regions in India had a very vibrant horse culture where horses are part of most Indian celebrations, and it’s almost an indomitable part of Indian marriages. Rig Veda never considers Horses as alien, it considers horses to be important coz it’s a war journal, and obviously it won’t rate a cow above a horse as a cow has absolutely no role to play in a battlefield. In the first few slides the Mongol pony was discussed as the original horse breed, which is a baseless claim. The reason being, that bigger horse breeds did not evolve out of smaller breeds, although a switch from ponies to bigger horses is still debatable. When cavalries started focusing on speed and endurance there was a steady requirement of bigger and faster horses that could cover longer distances. Hence a shift and not really a genetic evolution. Now talking about number of horses in India, horse breeding techniques in India or rather any prominent horse cultures in the world had never allowed horses to run amok in meadows as wild creatures, rather they were selectively bred and kept in pens. A horse would gallop irrespective of the terrain it faces, it would ideally need a flat terrain but not necessarily meadows to survive. Furthermore the fact that domesticated horses have gone wild in America and Australia, which are not native horse territories further confirms the claim that horses always don’t require meadows to thrive but a relatively flat land is sufficient for them to survive. In Indian traditional breeding practices, horses have to qualify on phenotypic parameters in order to be judged a good horse, and most pure breeds are actually selected and judged through their physical parameters which is impossible in wild feral populations due to hybridisation and sometimes inbreeding . Hence it’s a myth that only open meadows can breed hoses and not deserts, scrublands and forested ares. Horses in India were essentially used by all Varnas, and was not a status symbol, moreover they were bred in large numbers by local villagers and sold to the royal Armies, the breeders would strictly maintain the bloodlines and these breeding practices are still followed. Finally gelding of horse is never a good practice, precisely because a gelded horse although is obedient does not transmit any genetic experience it has gained to its offspring, resulting is depletion of newer stocks, moreover gelding of stallions severely depletes breeding stocks. That’s the reason behind horses not being gelded in India as war horses would produce the new stocks which would develop in a bloodline. British essentially had poor horse culture as compared to rest of Europe, and hence their preference for gelded horses in battle, as they were easier to handle than a Stallion. Horse cultures develop around horses, and all famous horse cultures have grown with horses, that essentially is the essence of true horsemanship, and when one lacks such training and upbringing they start castrating these animals to demand their obedience.
Thanks for this.
Great response, ty.
@@SurajsT-by9es There’s very little I agree to in this video, because this video isn’t fact based or research based but based on assumptions. I believe some of this response comes from British journals on Horse breeding in India which coincided with the Aryan invasion theory in the early 20 th century. Most Indologists in earlier times believed in the OIT and not AIT, but failure to fit in Christianity and western chronology into the OIT and racism resulted in AIT. Now Aryan invasion theory is incomplete without the horse, as the so called hordes of Aryans came galloping into India on horseback and destroyed the indigenous population, thus resulting in migration. Now without pondering on to the lies of AIT I will just focus on horses. Even if we consider that horses were not native to India and they came with the Aryans, what really happened to the breeding stock which remained with the Aryans? Did they die out? If yes then how did the indigenous horse breeds develop? And moreover how is it possible that Neolithic cave paintings in Bimbetka which predated Aryan invasion by thousands of years clearly show people fighting on horseback? So Bimbetka should have ideally been an eye opener for the Indians. Now coming to Indian horse breeds like the Marwaris, Kathiawaris and Sindhis, they have unique adaptations that are not found in any other horse breeds such as sickle shaped ears and the famous rewaal chal that you won’t find in thoroughbreds Arabs and Akal Teke. Again this proves Indian horses have evolved in isolation over centuries to develop such adaptations. Moreover the true history of desi horse breeds can be heard from the breeders who have bred these horses from centuries. None of their tales ever mention any import from Arabia, rather they claim that horses have originated from celestial three headed horse of Indra which is also a story that many middle eastern Bedouin tribes also believe in. I in fact can prove that horses had rather left Indian shores, as many Indian kings had the tradition of gifting horses and elephants, amongst many other riches. If we consider the OIT how did these people migrate out of the subcontinent. Alexander and precisely the Greeko Bacterians traded in Indian animals, such as the Indian dog breeds ( Indian mastiffs), Indian Zebus cattles, exotic Indian birds, horses and elephants. Alexander took a lot of these animals when he left for Macedonia. Even today a lot of Afghan and Arab horse merchants come to Sarankhera, Balotra and Pushkar cattle fairs to buy Indian horses, specifically the Sindhi Kachhi horses, Marwaris and Kathiawaris are banned from export. These Sindhi Kachhi breeds are prized for their endurance by the Arabs, and they have a big export market for such breeds. Now if you go to these areas (kutch) and ask these breeders, they would explain you that such kind of trades happened for centuries. Last thing I would want to add is that when in this video it was mentioned that horses in India were imported from Arabia, I would like Mr Abhijeet to explain, what was the scale of import, if import was so huge there must have been some record of such trade, what was the mode of such massive horse trade, as I would presume that these trades happened via the sea routes what was the cost of such massive imports, surely there must have been Arab traders who became extremely rich through these trades? Is there any Arab history of such trade and traders. Now anybody who is involved in cattle breeding and export would know that even in modern times, export of animals as big as a horse is a very expensive and difficult affair even with all kinds of modern transportation available by both land and sea, and I could very well understand how expensive it must have been in ancient times to keep up with such scale of import. Keeping up with the demand for horses back in those days this constant imports would not only be economically unviable but also impossible. And I would like to clear the air over the import of horse theory by asking this simple logical question that horses must have been the most important item of trade in these times if we go by this video, in that case who exactly controlled these kind of trade? And why such massive imports don’t find any mention in Indian texts? And why would such absurd trade happen when there are high quality native horse breeds available? Now let me explain you guys the true story behind Indian horse fiasco. It’s actually a British horse fiasco that dons an Indian hat. Britain was very late to the introduction of true horse Cavalry as compared to rest of Europe. Only during the Roman invasion of the island did the British realise the true potential of cavalry. Moreover being an island the British pretty much remained oblivious to the horse culture that was flourishing in mainland Europe. By the early 17th century the British could only develop draft horses that could not perform well as cavalry horses due to lack of speed. With Europe now navigating the world looking for colonies, having good cavalry horses became essential. This was an area the Brits severely lacked due to lack of horse culture in the island. The British fixation with cavalry only increased by the day as they were lagging behind the French and the Spaniards in matters of horse breeding and cavalry tactics. Thus massive import of oriental and Spanish stock happened in Britain, and they went on to develop the thoroughbred horse which essentially was a hybrid of Arab, Turkoman, Spanish and native horses. British however faced a setback when they started colonising India. Indian native cavalry in British war diaries have been mentioned as unmatched, with riders and the horses in-sync, almost to the extent that sometimes they have even been mentioned as demons riding out of hell. Indian Cavalry pretty much dominated the battlefield even after the Brits introduced firearms. Now it suddenly became economically unviable to import horses from Britain. British although would hire native cavalry for battle, the British officers found Indian stallions too fiery and difficult to handle, as the British cavalrymen was more used to riding geldings. Indians would usually not allow their horses to be gelded due to the sheer economic loss of doing so. The British thus established their own breeding program in India for constant supply of geldings for battle. The initial import of the stock began from Australia, where the waler horses were imported from New South Wales to kick start the breeding program. Australia by this time had a huge stock of horses including the feral horses that had originated from the imported stock. Australia was chosen as the destination for horse import due to its proximity with India and also because Australian horses could survive well in warm climates. Moreover Australia’s battle with feral horses now found a viable economic solution. The British then went on to import thoroughbred horses into India along with criollo horses from Argentina to keep improving the stock along with native horses. The Brits by early 20th century were able to give rise to the Indian half bred horses that became the standard cavalry mount for the Indian sowars. Now the issue with British breeding technique was lack of breeding stallions and excessive use of geldings in battle, which resulted in depletion of stocks. Such was the cost of horse import in British India, that the British parliament started questioning the breeding practices in the early 20th century, even to the extent of the viability of importing horses when Native stocks were well suited for cavalry operations. (Refer horse breeding in England and India and army horses abroad, by sir Walter Gilbey, pg 64, 65). The British in order to continued their cavalry operations in India cited that Indian horses were inferior for cavalry operations. It was during this time the AIT picked up pace, and thus this fiasco pertaining to Indian horse breeding, as AIT also helped the Brits establish inferiority of Indian horses, by making it look alien and exotic to the Indians. Obviously Indians have not done any research on their horse culture and have considered horses to be alien. These British horse theories were later picked up by communist and leftist historians, portraying India as a nation that was not up to date with their military technology, had no martial traditions and severely lacked horse culture, which resulted in the defeat of Hindu kings in the hands of superior Central Asian horse archers. They even went on to glorify the Turkish and Arab horsemen, which now seems to have been accepted by the Indians as a gospel truth, to the extent that any counter and logical narrative is met with accusation of being Ethno Nationalist. I ask such people, in a multi ethnic country like ours which ethnicity are you really accusing? I rest my argument here saying that Indian horse culture was the centre stage of Indian resistance to Islamic and European invasions which should never be undermined.
I think aim have to see majid bhai comment. Absolutely mind blowing.
Brilliant riposte! Please do a video response and post it here as people need to see. People get swayed by the charisma of brilliant speakers like Abhijit and forget objectivity and truth.
Wish my history teachers were as good as AIM.
It will never happen because the amount of reading AIM does just brilliant.
Aditya bro, a History teacher has to keep to the syllabus, na. This is for enthusiasts, not for students. Even a UPSC Coach wouldn't get into all of this.
History teachers teaching like this? If wishes were horses, beggars would ride.
If not for RUclips, you and me wouldn't even get to listen to this.
But yeah, I fully agree, this was awesome. If only History classes were half as captivating.
AIM is truly "Jack Of All Trades, Master of All"!!
There are very few scholars like Abhijeet who support every word he says with actual facts and lot of scientific thinking and knowledge. Great work Sir and thank you for sharing your knowledge with us.
This is a brilliant multidisciplinary analysis. Kushal and Abhijeet always bring best of the class content
Answers a lot of questions I always had. Thanks for the tremendous efforts 🙏🏼 Abhijit and Kushal. I couldn't stop watching late into the night
How on earth did he share so much knowledge for free. Truly indebted to Abhijit.
So much hardwork and reading must have gone in all of this.
Really grateful for this
AIM with a structured ppt, and truly excited about the topic like a kid at an ice-cream truck.. f***ING YEAH!!
A bangali " joy guru" 🙏🙏 to AIM for this session..
Kaushal dada this session gets a definite happy Arnab 🎉🎉
Is he Bengali or mix?
@@st.mephisto8564 mix,from Dad's side he is bongoli
We need more intellectuals like AIM in India
What I like the most about these podcasts is that they shed a lot of light on the baggage of historical misinformation or lets say misinterpretations we make, and we have been making for ages.
Fantastic Presentation. seen after long time when abhijit last time presented to describe fighter planes.
Abhijit has done a fantastic job of explaining the whole thing with pin point precision!
AIM you beauty. Don't have words to praise your insight into defence, strategy and history. What a gem you are.
They say Mahabharat has elaborate explanation over the different tactics of war.
Abhijit says v did not have a better way to preserve the knowledge on palm leaves, if it was true how come v still can see lot of those palm leaves even today?
There are videos of how a palm leaf was prepared before it was used for writing in one of the Praveen mohan videos on youtube.
If v could not keep records are write anything in Nalanda university around 1000 CE what were they teaching to people coming from all over the world and if it were not records which were burnt, what were the invaders burning for 2 months .
In the process of puncturing our exaggeration of past glorification Abhijit ends up doing the opposite sometimes.
It was a great talk by the way.
Agreed. Several holes in the arguments.
Yeah, too smart by half. At this rate Mr Mitra will soon be in the category of an entertainer rather than a serious scholar. People should read Majid Khan's comments below debunking the assumptions and mistakes in this video.
Agree with you
This man AIM is a treasure. Thanks to you both for your effort. It was so interesting.
This is by far the finest podcast or discussion I have seen on any right leaning forum/platform. Incisive, to the point, great intellectual depth and of course, no indic-dharmic non sense.
Hey, I'm new to this and haven't watched this video completely. Can you explain how is the channel right leaning and can you suggest some great videos on this channel which can inculcate some pride and positivity for India/Bharat (of course, without any non-researched hyper-nationalistic bias) ? You can also suggest some videos outside this channel which you found great regarding the aforementioned ?
The viewpoints with requisite geographic markers are thought-provoking. Kudos to Abhijit, and Kushal for having this conversation!
This guy is racing towards becoming a national treasure..just awesome
AIM, is a very smart analyst. This level of detail and explanation is unheard of with analysts or academia. India lacks people like AIM, someone who has a vision, depth of understanding and empathy.
as an amateur equistrian myself...really appreciated your part about saddle fit...yes saddle fit is a science of its own and saddles are made to fit both horse and rider.
Carvaka podcast great content, this content made me realise how little we know of history, we need this kind of diverse podcast. Thank you
Abhijeet has an incredibly high knowledge of history. Respect. It was great to cover such an unorthodox topic ...Learned a lot today
All I can say is "Great work guys", never thought on those lines.
Enjoyed it though and through. Truly one of the best Indian channels on RUclips.
This is top class! Abhijit's analysis here is a PhD material. Thanks a lot Kushal for such a gem of a series. These are the topics that were long awaiting for the light of the day in India 👍🙏🙏🙏
Excellent presentation by Abhijit. We need such brilliant and astute intellectuals like him in our mainstream academia and public intellectual fora, in Universities like National Defence University (NDU) as Professor of Military History and Strategic Affairs. He should play a critical advisory role in MEA and Defence Ministry. Government Of India, Please Hire him in your next Lateral entry program and place him as Joint Secretary in MEA/Defence Ministry or at least a professor of NDU. 🙏🙏
Excellent presentation Abhi... You never fail to impress with your immense knowledge. Please come up with a course, Abhi. A course where you can teach young people about your idea of what India should do to reach her highest potential in the areas of your expertise. That way, we can have the younger generation learn from you and when it's their turn to take over the country, they'll know what to do and how
Would definitely pay for that!
What did I just see totally moved by this detailed analysis on such an important and untouched topic. Truly amazing !!
Fantastic presentation! Ever since I subscribed to this channel, I've only learned new things. Thank you, Kushal :)
@Ankita Sharma WTF is sheimp
@Ankita Sharma ha ha don't u know there is no such thing as gender or sex so if she is a simp than she is a simp there is no such thing as sheimp
@Ankita Sharma thanks Ankita. Wasn't aware my appreciation went to that level. But hey, ya learn something new every day 😝
@Ankita Sharma you've clearly confused me for Sanjukta Basu and Kushal for RaGa 😂😂
@Ankita Sharma How do u know that Pallavi is all over the channel and comments in every video.
It only suggests only one thing u watched every video of this channel and read every comment.
And by your description of kushal looks I think u are simping for kushal and just got jealous on Pallavi.
I m loving this particular series.....
Lots of love to both of u
Horses are not rare in they are very much available in india..the horses were used in early india more for pulling chariots and less for riding on horses back( pulling is easier than taking weight and riding).I think abhijit did not cover this point .sad to say this video ends up projecting as if india never had horses and all horses were imported...india had many different type of horses...they were used with chariots and not for riding as they had weak spine..please search on you tube for different horses variety in india .....this video did not cover the other horse like zaniskari,Tibet pony,spiti horses and some more(they were available in North india).this is my assumption that spiti horses were widely used in ancient Indian battle ..Indians failed in horse breeding...agreed..but that horses concept was alien to india or that horse were very rare...disagree ..
To all reading this comment ..pls search for different breed of horses....do not take whatever abhijit says as final....he himself does research.........u can do the same
This lecture is worth more than thousand lectures of so called coaching institutes in Rajinder Nagar.
AIM is amazing but Kushal does not get enough credit. He Da Boss. :)
Brilliant presentation. It answers the mystery of how these completely primitive turkics could defeat larger Rajput forces. It was simply superior number of horses and clever use of horse archers etc. The Indians simply did not come up with an effective counter move until the musket came on the battlefield. After that the Muslims have lost every single war against the Indians.
what's musket?
@@krishnaGanesh10 gun
Muslims didn't win every war, you are over stating their successes and also there was no divide between Muslims and Hindus,a lot of Hindu Generals and Muslim Generals fought alongside to defeat their opponent which also composed of similar religious groups
@@krishnaGanesh10 see toradar
Best podcast I ever watched.🔥🔥🔥 AIM really has great knowledge.
Hats off to AIM. The depth of info is impressive and the way of explanation is so immersive. Thank you!
@The carvaka podcast
Mahabharat has war tactics mentioned by Bheeshma. Like Romans had phalanx, similarly we have eagle formation, crane and crocodile formation of military forces.
Very underestimated you tube channel, very very good, to both Kaushal for coming up with the idea and AIM for awesome and very difficult presentation 🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻
For your kind Information Marathas reached as far as ATTOCK on these Bhimtadi ponies against your superior green flats running central Asian horses !!!
The biggest flaw of central Asian horses was they could only run on flat grounds their ankles being the weak link .... any holes in the ground and these horses used to break their legs .... that’s why local shorter breeds who were capable of running in mountains used to cover the flats more quicker without breaking their ankles !!
A source would be helpful.
@@sharmashivanand source ruclips.net/video/fq9eTTEtLB0/видео.html
Love Abijith Iyer Mitra...he is really knowledgeable...THANK YOU Abijith.👍
I really appreciate you for coming with this. For so long I always wondered why Horses were imported through Gujarat, why can't we breed on our own. Now I know and thanks to you : )
Kushal & Abhijit - Thank you both it was an informative video, do come up with such topics we can learn a lot.
It was a treat for someone like me. Great!
Wonderful...thank you so much...
This is such a unique channel..glad I found it..
So much knowledge in so little time, absolutely stunned. Kudos to AIM.
Thanks, Mr. Iyer. Learn a lot of things.
Its a super duper session.. AIM is absolutely brilliant.
I feel so proud that I chose to spend my time watching this on a Friday night than on Family man 2... What a job AIM!!!!!
Vel Vel vetri Vel abhijit . Exceptional analysis 👌👌👌
This was an amazing session. Enjoyed it thoroughly.
Fabulous, marvelous...........great work by you both specially AIM
Amazing content man. Learning so much from your podcast.
This information is gold... kudos AIM 👍
Dear Kushal and Abhijeet 🥰....want to bring to your notice a fatwa being issued in Advaita Nagar.,a village of West Bengal..which apparently is not Shariat complaint....As influencers could you pls make some noise about this scary scenario to wake up our government
😴🙃🗣
Good that you brought this to attention. Please send an email to editors of any national paper, OpIndia and Republic expressing the situation at length. Post this on your social media, анонимност.
Wow brilliant Abhijit. Now do series with global war history and technological breakthroughs.
Now that our obsession with the horse has ended , let’s move onto the latest military innovations -at least Air Force , if not drone warfare and AI in military.
@Devvrat Mishra I have a feeling that it will go to colonialism after that.
Horses are the biggest proofs of AIT
@@sarvathavicharsheel7487 In what manner, precisely? No anthropological evidence is indicative of any such thing.
@Devvrat Mishra my first comment was basically can we have a session based on the latest military tech and what is the equivalent of today’s cavalry(that we obsess over but not our strength) and today’s infantry(that we ignore but is simple enough to deter attacks )
@Devvrat Mishra makes sense , AIM has told before that we should rather go in for like the production of 400-500 Tejas , so that scale is achieved and also by sheer quantity we can win.
This is really good info. Can you even imagine this kind of info on mainstream tv ??
So,..exactly what lessons india should learn from this.
AIM is going to be next Arun Shourie/Swapan Dasgupta. Keep up your good work.
Haha
Sure tushar
@@AyushSingh-sy2lg arey aap yahan bhi 😅
Brilliant research by AIM. Blessed to watch.
One of the best show and lecture abhijeet
One word- amazing 👍
Abhijit: the master of history
Abhijit's presentations are very good. I started to watch/listen him when he did a presentation on jaipur dialogues about modern aircrafts
This podcast was one of the knowledgeable podcasts i learnt about cavalry, horse, its categorization with geographic presentation.
I urge you mohadya kushal next time make a podcast with Dear abhijit on #Inca civilization and their fighting tactics and as well as of Aztec (Mexicans), most of us know about them the very leastest
You know their god
@@stefano1405 Of Inca people? Yes, the supreme one is - Viracocha, he has subordinates as that of Brahma has
Inca people were progenies of south of India, the presence of fire time there, beliefs and archeologistically, much is yet to be known if sane archeologists go to there from Aryavart
One of the best podcasts kushal
18:39
Battle of Kasahrada (1178) - Mularaja II of Solanki Dynasty defeated Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad Ghori.
Battle of Mount Abu (1179)- Rani Naikidevi solanki defeated Muhammad Ghori.
1st Battle of Tarain (1191) - Muhammad Ghori was defeated by 'Prithvi Raj Chauhan' nearly sixteen times before Tarain but was spared.
2nd battle of Tarain (1192) - Delhi lost it's Hindu capital to invaders because of internal treachery.
Very much thank ful for this presentation
One of the best ❣❣❣
Great effort AIM.
Amazing lecture! Thanks a lot Abhijit!
Wow super job Abhijit 🔥
Thanks to technology the poor horse doesn't need to get pained and tortured no more !
abhijit always comes with great examples.
Phenomenal research, extremely articulate presentation. A classic discussion.
This was great presentation. Write a book about it!
I am literally a fan of Abhijit iyer mitra
Highly intellectual stuff. AIM can see through the things that may appear nothing to us. It looks like he views things from many dimensions and notice little details that helps him in understanding different topics
AIM sir please let us know what was the role of Horse shoe in Alexander's expedition to India.... because the earliest proof of Horse shoe is 400 BC in Etruscan Tomb. Alexander attacked India in 323 BC..and that Shoe itself was imperfect....and in case of longstanding warfare the hoof of horse is exposed to severe wear and tear...so even if Alexander's expedition started with 1800 horses with a primitive Shoe... how many of them lasted till they reach India without proper shoe is debatable....and India at that time is highly affected with Glanders or Farcy that's why in 1899 British had to pass Farcy act...as well as The disease named 'Surra' transmitted by Tabanus fly was extremely prevalent.... maybe those have some effect on the horses used in warfare in India and to be looked upon.
Brilliant stuff👏👏👏
i read all this in Marathi book भारतातील युद्धशास्त्राची उपेक्षा. i.e ignorance of warfare science/ techniques in India. It was a remarkable book by J D Jogalekar.
WOW kushal's geography is just miserable. For all the fun we make about Abhijit this guys a brilliant.
Great representation 👍
Extremely educational. Amazing! If only my history class was as interesting.
One of the unique thing was for foreigners from central asians. That Turks ate horses. It may look or sound barbaric but it is quite frightening in the middle of the fight. One would slaughter his horse and cut big chunk of meat and starts eating with its blood. Well they don’t eat horse like that currently. But in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan horses are eaten almost daily or weekly.
Wtf
In the battlefield there was no time for mercy, soft heart, animal oriented. Usually some fights were lasting days and weeks. From sunrise to sunset if you are in action as a soldier, You had to eat in order to be productive soldier. Remember horses were not only tool for transportation but it was a meal too.
Nations main meal comes from history and lifestyle of that community. Meat and bread and some water makes soldiers fight all day long.
Turks not anatolian Turks but Central Asians.
They till this day eat horse meat which is called “Kazi” its like dried marinated sausage style meat.
And They drink milk and they have special drink made out of horse milk called “Kimiz”
@ around 10:20 mark it was pyroclastic flow from Vesuvius , not magma flow ,that killed the denizens of Pompeii and Herculaneum.
Amazing Intellect 👏