why is there only one CDR primarly involved in antigen binding for TCRs whereas the CDRs in Antibodies are all equally equivalent in regards to antigen binding?
In TCRs, CDR 3 is primarily involved in antigen binding because it directly interacts with the peptide presented by the MHC molecule, which is the main focus of TCR recognition. CDR1 and CDR2 regions mainly contact the MHC itself, rather than the peptide. In contrast, antibodies bind directly to free antigens, allowing all six CDRs (three from each of the heavy and light chains) to equally contribute to diverse antigen interactions.
Naive B cells can indeed be activated by soluble antigens. When a naive B cell encounters its specific antigen in a soluble form, the B-cell receptor binds to the antigen, triggering initial activation. However, full activation usually requires additional signals from helper T cells. Effector B cells (plasma cells and memory B cells) can also respond to soluble antigens, but they are already differentiated and typically mount a faster and more robust response. The primary distinction is that naive B cells need more signals for activation, while effector B cells are more readily activated upon antigen encounter.
"CD3s+ with CD8+ and anti-TCR gamma-delta+" indicates a T cell that expresses the CD3 complex, which is present on all T cells, along with the CD8 co-receptor, typically found on cytotoxic T cells. The "anti-TCR gamma-delta+" part means this T cell expresses the gamma-delta (γδ) T-cell receptor, which is less common and is involved in recognizing a broader range of antigens. "CD3s+, CD4-, CD8-, and anti-TCR gamma-delta-" describes a T cell that also expresses the CD3 complex but lacks both CD4 and CD8 co-receptors, making it a double-negative T cell. The "anti-TCR gamma-delta-" part means this T cell does not have the gamma-delta TCR, indicating it likely expresses the more common alpha-beta (αβ) TCR instead.
@@azca. Brother I love you for your answer. I have celiac disease and I was diagnosed as a non responsive celiac disease 2 years ago and I was pretty scared. I had a 50% of TCR gamma delta + and gamma delta - based on my 4th histological finding. Are the gamma delta double negative the expression of the lenght of the disease ? I was not able to produce any IgA antibodies apparently, and unfortunately few celiacs are going through this struggles. Since gamma delta t cell are not well studied yet, what change the TCR "polarity" ?
The TCR subunits-alpha, beta, gamma, and delta-pair to form two distinct types of TCRs: alpha-beta (αβ) and gamma-delta (γδ). The alpha (α) and beta (β) chains pair to form the αβ TCR, which is the most common type and primarily recognizes peptide antigens presented by MHC molecules. The gamma (γ) and delta (δ) chains pair to form the γδ TCR, which recognizes a broader range of antigens, including non-peptide antigens, and is less dependent on MHC. αβ T cells are mainly involved in adaptive immune responses, while γδ T cells often play a role in innate immunity and tissue surveillance.
@@azca. That means that gamma delta works more with the innate immune system, Natural killer cells and eosinophilis? Does gamma delta t cell works in our mucosal barrier?
Great
why is there only one CDR primarly involved in antigen binding for TCRs whereas the CDRs in Antibodies are all equally equivalent in regards to antigen binding?
In TCRs, CDR 3 is primarily involved in antigen binding because it directly interacts with the peptide presented by the MHC molecule, which is the main focus of TCR recognition. CDR1 and CDR2 regions mainly contact the MHC itself, rather than the peptide. In contrast, antibodies bind directly to free antigens, allowing all six CDRs (three from each of the heavy and light chains) to equally contribute to diverse antigen interactions.
I WOULD LIKE TO ASK IF NAIVE B CELL CANNOT BE ACTIVATED BY SOLUBLE ANTIGEN ? Only effector B cell can be activated by soluble antigen?
Naive B cells can indeed be activated by soluble antigens. When a naive B cell encounters its specific antigen in a soluble form, the B-cell receptor binds to the antigen, triggering initial activation. However, full activation usually requires additional signals from helper T cells. Effector B cells (plasma cells and memory B cells) can also respond to soluble antigens, but they are already differentiated and typically mount a faster and more robust response. The primary distinction is that naive B cells need more signals for activation, while effector B cells are more readily activated upon antigen encounter.
Doc Cd3s+ with cd8+ and anti Tcr gamma delta + what does mean ?
Same as Cd3s, cd4-,cd8- and anti Tcr gamma delta -?
"CD3s+ with CD8+ and anti-TCR gamma-delta+" indicates a T cell that expresses the CD3 complex, which is present on all T cells, along with the CD8 co-receptor, typically found on cytotoxic T cells. The "anti-TCR gamma-delta+" part means this T cell expresses the gamma-delta (γδ) T-cell receptor, which is less common and is involved in recognizing a broader range of antigens.
"CD3s+, CD4-, CD8-, and anti-TCR gamma-delta-" describes a T cell that also expresses the CD3 complex but lacks both CD4 and CD8 co-receptors, making it a double-negative T cell. The "anti-TCR gamma-delta-" part means this T cell does not have the gamma-delta TCR, indicating it likely expresses the more common alpha-beta (αβ) TCR instead.
@@azca. Brother I love you for your answer. I have celiac disease and I was diagnosed as a non responsive celiac disease 2 years ago and I was pretty scared.
I had a 50% of TCR gamma delta + and gamma delta - based on my 4th histological finding.
Are the gamma delta double negative the expression of the lenght of the disease ?
I was not able to produce any IgA antibodies apparently, and unfortunately few celiacs are going through this struggles.
Since gamma delta t cell are not well studied yet, what change the TCR "polarity" ?
TCR:which ones are the difference between: alpha, beta, gamma and delta ?
DOI: 10.1002/JLB.2MR1219-233R
The TCR subunits-alpha, beta, gamma, and delta-pair to form two distinct types of TCRs: alpha-beta (αβ) and gamma-delta (γδ). The alpha (α) and beta (β) chains pair to form the αβ TCR, which is the most common type and primarily recognizes peptide antigens presented by MHC molecules. The gamma (γ) and delta (δ) chains pair to form the γδ TCR, which recognizes a broader range of antigens, including non-peptide antigens, and is less dependent on MHC. αβ T cells are mainly involved in adaptive immune responses, while γδ T cells often play a role in innate immunity and tissue surveillance.
@@azca. That means that gamma delta works more with the innate immune system, Natural killer cells and eosinophilis?
Does gamma delta t cell works in our mucosal barrier?