@@alessioscoppa1745 It's a coincidence, true, but it's an eerie coincidence when the real even animal looks like the Pokemon! All it needs is an actual bulb XD
@@Trans4mers84561 Believe it or not the species name was a reference to its mouth, but yes even the paleontologists who named it acknowledged these similarities XD
According to Wikipedia, Bulbasaurus was not directly named after the Pokémon Bulbasaur, but rather after its nasal bosses, which are unusually bulbous among geikiids; however, the describers noted that the similarity in name "may not be entirely coincidental." Additionally, the specific name of the type species means "leaf razor" (similar to the Pokémon move "Razor Leaf"), which is most directly a reference to its keratin-covered jaws. Other distinguishing characteristics of Bulbasaurus among the geikiids include the hook-like beak, very large tusks, and absence of bossing on the prefrontal bone.
First Age of Synapsids (Stem-Mammals): 300-252 MYA Age of Archosaurs: 252-200 MYA Age of Dinosaurs: 200-66 MYA Second Age of Synapsids (Crown-Mammals): 66 MYA-Present We've have indeed come full circle.
That title... Darth Metrodon: Birdy Wan never told you what happened to your ancestors. Human Savannawalker: He told me enough! He told me you killed them! Darth Metrodon: No, *I* am your ancestor. Human Savannawalker: No. NOOOOOO!!!! That's not true! That's impossible! Darth Metrodon: Search your DNA; you know it to be true.
Synapsids are one of my favorite groups of animals. It always fascinated me seeing them and knowing that they are the connection between me and my dog and my cat and a giraffe. It's wild.
The ancestor of you, your dog, your cat, and a Giraffe would have lived much more recently than a synapsid. It was a fully-fledged mammal that lived around 90 million years ago.
Absolutely love this time period in fact anything from the Permian and before I enjoy the most. There is not enough informative videos regarding all the wonderful things from the beginning of life to the Permian. Thank you for all your fantastic videos
If it isn't about dinosaurs you can bet it isn't mentioned at all in the media. Really doubt the general public even knows there's life BEFORE dinosaurs.
@@KhanMann66 Yes, esp in America, it's been all about Dinosaurs. In 2009 on Netflix I 'discovered' and became enthralled with the great DVD: "Walking With Monsters: Before the Dinosaurs" (BBC, then some Discovery Channel). I began learning Paleontology: lots and lots of fascinating cool creatures who were not dinosaurs.
@Chiafade now Yes, among everyday Americans it takes some doing to get them to realize there was very interesting and different life before and after dinosaurs. E.g., I wrote a story featuring dimetrodons. Even though I wrote a paragraph in it that "Dimetrodons were not dinosaurs. They were ancestors of mammals...Many people confuse dimetrodons with dinosaurs,." When i tried out the piece with a writing group nearly everyone in the group still thought and said they were dinosaurs. It's kind-of a relief for me to see and listen to British and Australian popular paleontology since they realize there is prehistoric life besides dinosaurs! (includes the BBC's "Walking with Monsters: Before the Diniosaurs" and "Australia's 1st Four Billion Years.")
@@J.L8787 actually, phylogenetic grouping rule. one thing can't be a subgroup without being in the group. so humans are hominids, primates, mammals, synapsids, amniotes, tetrapods and lobe-finned fish.
@ an impressive feature to not living creatures (as they're alive, when they're infecting living things, If I remember correctly high school teachings)
If it's not the strongest or the smartest, it's the most adaptable to change - Charles Darwin. Also are we ever going to get that episode about placenta and evolution of live birth?
@@Saber23 Yeah, name another multi-cellular species that can live on all 7 continents and dominates literally every other top apex predator on those 7 continents.
Episode 1: The Living Menace (Life begins) Episode 2: Attack of the Vertebrates (Fish evolve) Episode 3: Revenge of the Arthropods (Giant arthropods) Episode 4: A New Continent (Pangea forms) Episode 5: Synapsids Strike Back (This video) Episode 6: Return of the Reptiles (Age of reptiles starts) Episode 7: The True Mammals Awaken (True mammals evolve) Episode 8: The Last Dinosaur (K-T extinction) Episode 9: Rise of Mammals (Age of mammals)
Could you do a follow-up video to this one talking about the point where the cynodonts become mammals and the point where the mammals break up into the two groups left alive today? That is, the therians and the monotremes.
Dimetrodon is quite famous though, at least as a picture. Except 99% people believe it is a dinosaur. The last 1% are 7 year old boys, paleontologists and... well... "us".
Actually, those were the cynodonts which eventually led up to the mammals. Dicynodonts went extinct just as the Age of Archosaurs was ending and the Age of Dinosaurs was beginning, and they left no known descendents or close relatives.
@@knarme5160 well obviously. By the time evolution got to a cheetah body plan it had already been experimenting a lot and stem mammals were just the beginning. So you're right they probably couldn't compare in speed. Just like the Wright brothers' plane can't compare with a boing... Other than oh hey they both fly.
Now I would love to see a video about the recovery after the great dying. Especially the story of pleuromia because 1 it is insane that just one plant dominated all of earths terrestial ecosystems en 2 dicynodont have been coverd a lot in other media. Keep up the good work
7:17 - Wow! I realize that there's probably no real evidence of what these creatures' hides looked like, but I love this artist's interpretation with the wild cat-like spots!
As I move my way through all of these first rate videos, I have yet to find one that didn’t teach me something and this one is no different. I have never heard of this branch of animals woven into the mammalian evolutionary fabric. Simply outstanding.
Thanks, Eons! The back-and-forth contest for dominion of the Earth between the synapsids ("mammals") and sauropsids ("reptiles") is the most exciting one I can think of.
This episode was amazing! This is one of the first times ive ever seen information about synapsids, i really appreciate this channel! I wanted to ask if you guys were open to making a video that goes into what we know about neanderthals and their exctinction? I feel like with the level of detail you go into would really help shed some light on them.
The Gorgonopsids are already weird-looking enough as it is, with the older idea of what they looked like. FLUFFY, leopard-patterned lizard-mammal things are almost brain-breaking to look at! :P (It also makes it look even more like an alien version of a saber-toothed cat...)
I'd like to see a video detailing when and how the mammalian lineage split into the three main groups we have today. Like... what's up with monotremes, seriously?
South Africa has a huge assemblage of therapsid fossils in the Karoo Supergroup. It's right above a huge thickness of tillite, which is glacial sediment, showing that Africa was at the South Pole in the Palaeozoic.
in fact, we humans retain the ancient mammalian burrowing instinct -- look up 'terminal burrowing'. it's a behavior exhibited by hypothermia victims in the late stages, in which they dig into snow or go into small enclosed areas. they believe this behavior comes from the brain stem, so it must be an inheritance from our distant therapsid ancestors.
Thank you for these videos, I enjoy them very much. Had a couple of remarks below to share: -- @ 5:31 - You state Therapsids first appeared 272 MYA and became a dominant group of terrestrial vertebrates by 275 MYA. I think this might have been a simple date order mix-up, since it is a step back in time. -- @ 5:48 - You imply that Therapsids were the first to have teeth of different shapes. However, Dimetradon, a carnivorous Pelycosaur discussed and shown at 4:55, also sported teeth of different shape. His name literally means "two types of teeth."
Terrifically interesting as usual. And you know, it hit me recently that while mammals don't have beaks (yes, I'm still on about beaks apparently), we do have a very similar structure: horns. We don't use them to eat with because for some reason, they only popped up on top of our heads, but they're kind of like the mammalian analogue to a beak: a bony projection on our skulls covered in a keratin sheath. I think we never ended up using them to eat because, being warm-blooded mammals, we had higher calorie requirements and had to keep the greater food-processing capabilities of teeth rather than the insect-and-seed-oriented beaks. I'm not sure -- I'm still mulling this one. But it did strike me as interesting that mammals and reptiles actually DO have bony keratinous skull projections in common -- but while they have beaks, we have horns. Well, some of us do. :-) If teeth are suppressed by the genes that cause beaks to be expressed, I wonder how the genes that cause horns to be expressed might interact with the rest of a mammal's genes? GOD I wish I worked for you people. I should write this up and submit it as a spec script. I am not kidding. How do you people feel about remote workers?
@@Danquebec01 They're calorie-dense, but man you need to eat a LOT of them ... For food in bulk -- for big, warm animals -- I think teeth might be necessary. Someone somewhere must have done quantitative research on this ...
@@jcortese3300 Still, the only birds I know that eats grass are birds that lived on islands where there were no mammals (like New Zealand). Most small mammals who don’t eat meat, like squirrels, only eat calorie-dense food like seeds. And they very much have teeth. I think you’re overplaying the teeth and need of calorie-dense food link there, especially bulk calorie-dense food. Teeth are certainly useful to a large carnivorous animal, so they can hold their prey and not have to swallow it whole. But large carnivorous birds with beaks are known to have existed, so it’s not like it’s essential either. Teeth are also useful in eating hard to digest food low on calorie, like grass, because chewing it makes it much easier to digest. So, I hardly see any link.
"So mammals evolved to chew their food instead of rip of meat and swallow it like reptiles and birds still do." Dogs:"I'm going to pretend I didn't hear that"
Most mammals came from Rats and very early rodents. The First rats appeared 145 million years ago. Evolutionary evidence shows that Rats turned into monkeys, and then monkeys turned into humans. So humans, for example, came from Rats down our VERY VERY earlier evolutionary history.
I love this episode, it fills a hole of information I always had about land animals. for some reason no one seemed to care about talking about when reptiles and mammals first split. I just assumed we didn't have a lot of information. but the land ecosystem of the Permian is way more fascinating that I could ever imagine.
So, no mention from where Thrinaxodon fossils are found? (I mean, all previous episodes mention where the frontrunner/ focus taxon was discovered or where it had lived...) Weird. Otherwise, great episode!
I love your videos so much guys, I have trouble learning and keeping things in my noggin' but over the last few years your bite sized videos have opened my mind to some really interesting finds. Thanks for everything you do and keep em coming!
Acrually, the is this one episode of "primeval" where a super advanced predator from the future were send back to the perm - just to get eaten by a mammal like lizzard.
I would SO watch a movie about that. Actually, with The Great Dying, you have the perfect structure for a dramatic plot already. We get attached to some of the weird creatures, we follow their lives...and then CHAOS DOOM DESTRUCTION EVERYTHING DIES EVERYTHING IS HORRIBLE. ...and...right before the credits...a family of little furry things crawls out of the rubble. There's still hope. Even after all that, life goes on. :) Dramatic music swell as they look over a cliff into the Triassic horizon and a flock of early dinosaurs run by in the distance, roll credits. Seriously it'd totally work as a movie plot. It'd be a Pixar movie sadder than Up! and probably traumatise some folks (I mean, there's no way to make The Great Dying cheerful and/or not scary; it's in the name) but...
Much respekt to Synapsids for keeping such a low profile for millions of years, so that we can learn and watch videos about them on RUclips a quarter of a billion years late.
i just realized how pleasant it is that this show uses a quick and quiet moment as its signature Eons identifier at the beginning of the video. So many channels use an irritatingly loud and long intro: yuck! The delivery of the episode is nicely low key and not patronizing or excessively full of yuck-yuck humor. It's serious and yet light and so relaxing to listen to. :)
i never thought to look up how mammals evolved, so this was all brand new to me. honestly, incredible. glowing. loving these big lumbering lizard dogs. i wish i could meet one just to tell him i'm so glad for all he's done for us.
I think she might be my favorite host. She doesnt talk too fast or too slow, her gesticulations arent distracting, and the little comments like "which i enjoy doing" always make me laugh
I want to see a crap episode, but not just any crappy episode, a CRAP episode. See, we all learned about the crap dinosaur poop can tell us all about the crap dinosaurs ate in school. But they never really told us about the crap that crap can tell us about ancient animal biology. For example, if birds evolved from theropods, then did theropods like T-Rex or Velociraptor have a cloaca? Surely the type of fossilized excrement can tell us what kind of poop tube extinct animals had. In other words, what crap can crap tell us about the biology of dinosaurs and birds and ancient mammals and so on, not just what they ate. I'm interested in the crap you guys can teach us about how poo-poo pooh poohs old theories of the poop tube.
Finally, a subject of synapsids. This is a video long overdue. Hopefully, there will be future videos talking about the diversification of mammals during the age of Dinosaurs.
Having a degree in archaeology... Burrowing is definitely among the hobbies.
yeah I was thinking about your profession when she said that :)
Ahoy fellow archaeologist! I was thinking the same, love digging tunnels
Hello fellow burrower, I also like to burrow! I tend to prefer burrowing in datass tho.
Since you have a degree.... what the hell is up GORILLA DUCK?!
Ask any miner as well...
06:25
Me: * eating *
Also me: *starts chewing and breathing vigorously*
Also me: HA! SUCK IT DINOSAURS! I CAN DO THIS!
@Blind Squid *too
im not a therapsid, i swallow soft tacos whole
like that pufferfish lol
Icespoon ...ive did that 5 years ago..
Bulbasaurus... they did it. They really did it 👏👏
Well its name was actually a coincidence but yes XD, it isn't even the first time, there's also Aerodactylus
@@alessioscoppa1745 It's a coincidence, true, but it's an eerie coincidence when the real even animal looks like the Pokemon! All it needs is an actual bulb XD
@@alessioscoppa1745 Its species name means 'Razor Leaf', so I highly doubt it.
@@Trans4mers84561 Believe it or not the species name was a reference to its mouth, but yes even the paleontologists who named it acknowledged these similarities XD
@@allenson3553 but bulbasaur didnt have fuzz
*travels back in time
"Behold, Synapsid! I am your intelligent descendant from the far future"
*Synapsid chews human while breathing
Welp it failed let get the gun
I don't know I would kiss the synapsid on its cheek. I think they would be great pets.
@@kingdon7795 that depends if you are talking about a dog, that is a synapsid, or a 3 meters long carnivorous synapsid from 250M bc
@@rogeriopenna9014 you have to pet a gorgonopsid
@harrishromero6447 SYNAPSID: “Yummm human not so intelligent after all.”
.
hobbies include: breathing while chewing at the same time
Some people have trouble with that though.
@@Mrtheunnameable Ah, a fellow sufferer of misophonia?
I’ve always had trouble walking and chewing gum.
Being able to chew, breath, and speak at the same time was a bit of a design flaw, though.
Vennom Scandi
Your comment made my night bro.
Interviewer: What are your hobbies
Me: Burrowing and can chew/breath at the same time
Congratulations! You have survived
Don't forget hair and regulating your temperature.
Could you do a video on when the three different types of mammals (marsupials, monotremes and placental mammals) diverged from one another?
Yes, I second that.
Thirded
+
trvth1s I never said the word dominant....
AronRa did that in his excellent Evolution Of Life series. Go check that channel.
According to Wikipedia,
Bulbasaurus was not directly named after the Pokémon Bulbasaur, but rather after its nasal bosses, which are unusually bulbous among geikiids; however, the describers noted that the similarity in name "may not be entirely coincidental." Additionally, the specific name of the type species means "leaf razor" (similar to the Pokémon move "Razor Leaf"), which is most directly a reference to its keratin-covered jaws. Other distinguishing characteristics of Bulbasaurus among the geikiids include the hook-like beak, very large tusks, and absence of bossing on the prefrontal bone.
FaffyWaffles still bulbasaur and its “evolutions” do look like synapsids. Also is psyduck a duck or platypus?
Wait, was Bulbasaurus named before or after the Pokemon?
@@andyjay729 afterwards, as I understand it.
I want to believe!
It was named in 2017
I simply can’t believe how odd looking were the synapsids, wait a minute
hahahaha
I mean...we do have arms that end in what are essentially five smaller arms...so yeah, synapsids look pretty odd.
I refuse to believe that they look like that. With all these reconstructions of modern animal skeletons and looking nothing like the actual thing.
@@touchme9366 It kinda frustrates me to know I WILL NEVER GET TO SEE ONE ALIVE. They look like really interesting animals.
@@invisible3972 yeah, those reconstructions doesn't look like a real animal
Synapsid: Mouse, I am your father!
Mouse: That's not true that's impossible!!!
Synapsid: Search your fossil record, you know it to be true.
@Horacio Aguirre Noooooo! 😂😂🤣 (Loved your comment, you win the internet 👍)
Nooooooooooo!!!!
I don't why I laughed so hard at this
This is the best comment
Even more disturbing:
Mouse: Human, I am your mother.
Hey mom can we have mammals?
"We have mammals at home"
Mammals at home:
Wait we are mammal
First Age of Synapsids (Stem-Mammals): 300-252 MYA
Age of Archosaurs: 252-200 MYA
Age of Dinosaurs: 200-66 MYA
Second Age of Synapsids (Crown-Mammals): 66 MYA-Present
We've have indeed come full circle.
Coming up soon, Age of Dinosaurs 2: Electric Birdaloo
@@SharkanKuthoshqea lol
@@SharkanKuthoshqea Cassowaries. /sagenod
Birds are more diverse than mammals, so technically it's still the age of archesaurs
Then nuclear war => Second Age of single-celled organisms
That title...
Darth Metrodon: Birdy Wan never told you what happened to your ancestors.
Human Savannawalker: He told me enough! He told me you killed them!
Darth Metrodon: No, *I* am your ancestor.
Human Savannawalker: No. NOOOOOO!!!! That's not true! That's impossible!
Darth Metrodon: Search your DNA; you know it to be true.
Kind of disappointed that bulbasaurus doesn’t have a cabbage on its back.
I thought that's an onion.
@@u06jo3vmp it's a plant bulb
Who knows. Maybe the plant degrades too quickly before it fossilizes
Just get some tape and boom you have a pokémon
Synapsids are one of my favorite groups of animals. It always fascinated me seeing them and knowing that they are the connection between me and my dog and my cat and a giraffe. It's wild.
The ancestor of you, your dog, your cat, and a Giraffe would have lived much more recently than a synapsid. It was a fully-fledged mammal that lived around 90 million years ago.
A video on Australian megafauna if you guys haven't done so already please?
Yes!
I agree!
@@WannonCreekWildlife me too!!!
As an Australian I concur. Hit me with that Demon Duck of Doom
Yes please
I knew pokemon were real
Bulbasaurus proves it.
That's what I was thinking! 😁🤣
It's species name translates to "leaf razor.".
😉
@@joshabadie1431 funny considering the Bulbasaur line learns a move called Razor Leaf.
They were 300 mya.
0:53 they allll look like weird and unrealistic scify animals, nature is soo strange and wonderful to behold.
some look like pokemon and some are even named like them
@@elyesgrati I think it's the other way around...
@@limiv5272 none are named after the other, it's just a coincidence
@@elyesgrati Haha yes!! Bulbasaurus!
I guess you can more or less date that because of it. Not by C14-dating, but by popular media/culture trends :)
Absolutely love this time period in fact anything from the Permian and before I enjoy the most. There is not enough informative videos regarding all the wonderful things from the beginning of life to the Permian.
Thank you for all your fantastic videos
Me, too, followed by the Triassic, with all its cool, unusual creatures!
If it isn't about dinosaurs you can bet it isn't mentioned at all in the media. Really doubt the general public even knows there's life BEFORE dinosaurs.
Also the Paleoart is amazing! I love the way they chose artists who really brought the animals into a living shape and environment
@@KhanMann66 Yes, esp in America, it's been all about Dinosaurs. In 2009 on Netflix I 'discovered' and became enthralled with the great DVD: "Walking With Monsters: Before the Dinosaurs" (BBC, then some Discovery Channel). I began learning Paleontology: lots and lots of fascinating cool creatures who were not dinosaurs.
@Chiafade now Yes, among everyday Americans it takes some doing to get them to realize there was very interesting and different life before and after dinosaurs. E.g., I wrote a story featuring dimetrodons. Even though I wrote a paragraph in it that "Dimetrodons were not dinosaurs. They were ancestors of mammals...Many people confuse dimetrodons with dinosaurs,." When i tried out the piece with a writing group nearly everyone in the group still thought and said they were dinosaurs. It's kind-of a relief for me to see and listen to British and Australian popular paleontology since they realize there is prehistoric life besides dinosaurs! (includes the BBC's "Walking with Monsters: Before the Diniosaurs" and "Australia's 1st Four Billion Years.")
I love synapsids, they are my favorite animals ever. I wish I was one. Oh wait...
Lol
ancestors
XD
@@J.L8787 actually, phylogenetic grouping rule. one thing can't be a subgroup without being in the group. so humans are hominids, primates, mammals, synapsids, amniotes, tetrapods and lobe-finned fish.
"Arguably the world's dominant form of life on land today - the mammals"
Insects: yeah what about us?
Bacteria: lul
Viruses "hmmmmmmmm"
@@Censeo technically they aren't really alive though
@@ekosubandie2094 that's why they couldn't speak and just made that strange noice
Considering we're causing the first mass extinction of insects since the Great Dying...
@ an impressive feature to not living creatures (as they're alive, when they're infecting living things, If I remember correctly high school teachings)
@5:45 you forgot to mention he evolves to Ivysaurus at level 16 and his final evolution is Venusaurus at level 32.
5:37 Bulbasaurus
5:43 Ivysaurus
6:58 Venusaurus
Metamorphosis
Synapsids: Damn, we survived the largest extinction event in history, nothing can stop us now!
Dinosaurs: I’m about to end this mans whole carreer
Funny how that turned out as I eat some chicken.
@@epicbastard1 KFC is the new Lara Croft
Late Cretaceous asteroid : I don't think so
The pelycosaur with the absurdly tiny head at 3:47 is Cotylorhyncus. It looks like one of the "Goombas" from the terrible Super Mario Bros movie!
OMG I thought that too.
I hadn't thought of that, but now that you mention it, it really, really does.
It wasn't *that* terrible... *drifts in a cloud of nostalgia* right? (I was too young lol)
I mean, don't goombas have absurdly large heads ?
@@williamlowry3131 sadly, not in the movie for some reason.
If it's not the strongest or the smartest, it's the most adaptable to change - Charles Darwin.
Also are we ever going to get that episode about placenta and evolution of live birth?
but humans are the smartest (well at least on paper lol) and we're one of if not the most adaptable animal on the planet
@@Saber23 Yeah, name another multi-cellular species that can live on all 7 continents and dominates literally every other top apex predator on those 7 continents.
MrReyes 500 well birds live on all seven continents but 95% of the time they are not the apex predator
MrReyes 500 and also most birds aren’t really that smart at all
Marsupials have live birth but no placenta
Evolution Wars: The Synapsids Strike Back
#petion to change the title please.
Episode 1: The Living Menace (Life begins)
Episode 2: Attack of the Vertebrates (Fish evolve)
Episode 3: Revenge of the Arthropods (Giant arthropods)
Episode 4: A New Continent (Pangea forms)
Episode 5: Synapsids Strike Back (This video)
Episode 6: Return of the Reptiles (Age of reptiles starts)
Episode 7: The True Mammals Awaken (True mammals evolve)
Episode 8: The Last Dinosaur (K-T extinction)
Episode 9: Rise of Mammals (Age of mammals)
@@pietaricollander672 Hey, that actually fits pretty well.
ekwkhehkhngeb ehngejerkhbghw 10. Nuclear Winter
Evolution: the environment will decide your fate
Humans: I am the environment
Re: The questionnaire you sent out... You asked what my favorite content is, but I like all of it, so it was hard to pick just one.
I'm really looking forward to sharing these with my kids later on.
@Keith M lol K
Keith M Mode
Could you do a follow-up video to this one talking about the point where the cynodonts become mammals and the point where the mammals break up into the two groups left alive today? That is, the therians and the monotremes.
yes-- what you said!
Synapsids: The most underrated group of extinct animals in the media
It's all about dinosaurs sadly...
@@onanimastah3126 Dinos, mammoths and saber tooths. That's all our past.
Dimetrodon is quite famous though, at least as a picture.
Except 99% people believe it is a dinosaur. The last 1% are 7 year old boys, paleontologists and... well... "us".
@@GarlicReturns hey, I when I was a little girl knew them not only the boys!
@@MsSonali1980 You're right, I should have said "kids" instead of "boys", sorry !
Finally. The synapsids! I’d love to see more coverage on these guys. Especially Anteosaurus.
I really liked how you showed the connection between us and our long extinct cousins. Makes you appreciate life a lot more.
This channel never disappoints!! Awesome work guys
Humans burrowing... Pillow Fort! Another excellent and educational piece. Thank you so much for your hard work.
I love that you finally did a video about Synapsids but you forgot to mention the cutest and most successful group of Synapsids: The dicynodonts
Mammals "Am I a joke to you?"
I would had like some mentions to Dicynodonts anyways.
Dicy no donts?
Actually, those were the cynodonts which eventually led up to the mammals. Dicynodonts went extinct just as the Age of Archosaurs was ending and the Age of Dinosaurs was beginning, and they left no known descendents or close relatives.
6:58 seriously? Looking at any picture of stem-mammals, I always feel like they must have walked very awkwardly. And hardly able to run at all.
There ugly but cute at the same time 😂😂
@@knarme5160 well obviously. By the time evolution got to a cheetah body plan it had already been experimenting a lot and stem mammals were just the beginning. So you're right they probably couldn't compare in speed. Just like the Wright brothers' plane can't compare with a boing... Other than oh hey they both fly.
i discovered your channel a week ago and I must say that its simply amazing...so are all of you! cheers from Sunny Greece!
One of the best on RUclips.
Sunny Greece? Why are you on RUclips and not at the beach?
@@yjk5737 lol waiting for the weekend!
Yes, a video about Synapsids! They are overlooked way too often, so it's a real treat to see them in the limelight :D
Now I would love to see a video about the recovery after the great dying. Especially the story of pleuromia because 1 it is insane that just one plant dominated all of earths terrestial ecosystems en 2 dicynodont have been coverd a lot in other media. Keep up the good work
I just love listening to her she does such a great job hosting :)
So many of these animals look so derpy and I LOVE IT!!!
In the best way tho
@@thefloridamanofytcomments5264 of course! Those weirdos are the absolute cutest!
Chocolate Doughnut behold the Siberian scutasaurus. You’re welcome.
ruclips.net/video/rcF_lESwmbI/видео.html
7:17 - Wow! I realize that there's probably no real evidence of what these creatures' hides looked like, but I love this artist's interpretation with the wild cat-like spots!
**flexes on reptiles by chewing and breathing at the same time**
Great episode, as usual. Some of those early synapsids were positively terrifying!
If i could go back in time I'd give a synapsid a mcdonalds sprite
As I move my way through all of these first rate videos, I have yet to find one that didn’t teach me something and this one is no different. I have never heard of this branch of animals woven into the mammalian evolutionary fabric. Simply outstanding.
Thanks, Eons! The back-and-forth contest for dominion of the Earth between the synapsids ("mammals") and sauropsids ("reptiles") is the most exciting one I can think of.
This episode was amazing! This is one of the first times ive ever seen information about synapsids, i really appreciate this channel!
I wanted to ask if you guys were open to making a video that goes into what we know about neanderthals and their exctinction? I feel like with the level of detail you go into would really help shed some light on them.
7:40
Is it just me or does that look like Chester Cheetah?
The Gorgonopsids are already weird-looking enough as it is, with the older idea of what they looked like. FLUFFY, leopard-patterned lizard-mammal things are almost brain-breaking to look at! :P
(It also makes it look even more like an alien version of a saber-toothed cat...)
Please dont ever stop this channel. Continue discovering. This series is like an addiction.
Permian - Rise of the Synapsids
Mezosoic - the Sauropsids Strike Back
Cenozoic - Revenge of the Synapsids
Quite the trilogy
Maybe in the next era the Sauropsids will get their revenge.
My favorite RUclips channel puts out another video. And another great but forgotten story. Of the life itself!
Thank you.
I'd like to see a video detailing when and how the mammalian lineage split into the three main groups we have today. Like... what's up with monotremes, seriously?
I believe the reason we are most comfortable cuddled up in a house is sign of our need to still "burrow"
South Africa has a huge assemblage of therapsid fossils in the Karoo Supergroup. It's right above a huge thickness of tillite, which is glacial sediment, showing that Africa was at the South Pole in the Palaeozoic.
It's crazy what is found here in South Africa! And most people have no idea!
I would love to learn more about this stuff! There's so much about that era of animals that doesn't get talked about much.
in fact, we humans retain the ancient mammalian burrowing instinct -- look up 'terminal burrowing'. it's a behavior exhibited by hypothermia victims in the late stages, in which they dig into snow or go into small enclosed areas. they believe this behavior comes from the brain stem, so it must be an inheritance from our distant therapsid ancestors.
That's unbelievably sad, creepy and wonderful all at the same time.
graphite i mean it makes sense. snow and being under dirt/under the earth allows you to retain body heat much more easily.
& here's a link for those interested: www.livescience.com/41730-hypothermia-terminal-burrowing-paradoxical-undressing.html
I would love to see a video on Dragonflies if it’s true that they’re old as dirt
SeanBasedSwag well they ain’t slower than molasses in January, that’s for sure
Is prozodonata with 325 million jears ago old enough for you? (Oldest known insect is rhyniognatha, 400 million jears ago)
5:43 wow, never seen this evolution of Bulbasaur before 🤔
Is it an Alola variant?
Maybe our need to have a roof over our heads is connected to the habit of burrowing? Very interesting episode thank you Eons!
4:26 Are those birds I hear? Pretty sure those weren't around with cotylorhynchus.
I don't see any birds in that shot just some dust particle effects.
+Sara3346 I said "hear". As in listening. With your ears.
@jivejunior8753 In the past they were believe to be "reptiles like mammals ". Nowadays, paleontologists believe they are more like "basal mammals".
Synapsids are amazing! I'd love to learn more about them! Thank you Eons!
Holly odii, I’m a human, therefore a synapsid. What would you like to know? :p
@@BNSFGuy4723 mammals and synapsids are different I’m pretty sure, just like how reptiles and amphibians split apart
Thank you for these videos, I enjoy them very much. Had a couple of remarks below to share:
-- @ 5:31 - You state Therapsids first appeared 272 MYA and became a dominant group of terrestrial vertebrates by 275 MYA. I think this might have been a simple date order mix-up, since it is a step back in time.
-- @ 5:48 - You imply that Therapsids were the first to have teeth of different shapes. However, Dimetradon, a carnivorous Pelycosaur discussed and shown at 4:55, also sported teeth of different shape. His name literally means "two types of teeth."
Terrifically interesting as usual. And you know, it hit me recently that while mammals don't have beaks (yes, I'm still on about beaks apparently), we do have a very similar structure: horns. We don't use them to eat with because for some reason, they only popped up on top of our heads, but they're kind of like the mammalian analogue to a beak: a bony projection on our skulls covered in a keratin sheath. I think we never ended up using them to eat because, being warm-blooded mammals, we had higher calorie requirements and had to keep the greater food-processing capabilities of teeth rather than the insect-and-seed-oriented beaks. I'm not sure -- I'm still mulling this one. But it did strike me as interesting that mammals and reptiles actually DO have bony keratinous skull projections in common -- but while they have beaks, we have horns. Well, some of us do. :-)
If teeth are suppressed by the genes that cause beaks to be expressed, I wonder how the genes that cause horns to be expressed might interact with the rest of a mammal's genes?
GOD I wish I worked for you people. I should write this up and submit it as a spec script. I am not kidding. How do you people feel about remote workers?
Insects and seeds are calorie dense.
Grass isn’t calorie dense, yet a lot of mammals eat it.
@@Danquebec01 They're calorie-dense, but man you need to eat a LOT of them ... For food in bulk -- for big, warm animals -- I think teeth might be necessary. Someone somewhere must have done quantitative research on this ...
@@jcortese3300 Still, the only birds I know that eats grass are birds that lived on islands where there were no mammals (like New Zealand).
Most small mammals who don’t eat meat, like squirrels, only eat calorie-dense food like seeds. And they very much have teeth.
I think you’re overplaying the teeth and need of calorie-dense food link there, especially bulk calorie-dense food.
Teeth are certainly useful to a large carnivorous animal, so they can hold their prey and not have to swallow it whole. But large carnivorous birds with beaks are known to have existed, so it’s not like it’s essential either.
Teeth are also useful in eating hard to digest food low on calorie, like grass, because chewing it makes it much easier to digest.
So, I hardly see any link.
"So mammals evolved to chew their food instead of rip of meat and swallow it like reptiles and birds still do."
Dogs:"I'm going to pretend I didn't hear that"
My request now is "Where the true mammals started"
Like, it's gotta be some monotreme in the mesozoic
Most mammals came from Rats and very early rodents. The First rats appeared 145 million years ago. Evolutionary evidence shows that Rats turned into monkeys, and then monkeys turned into humans. So humans, for example, came from Rats down our VERY VERY earlier evolutionary history.
Excellent video. Thank you, Kallie, and the eontologist and PBS teams.
I love this channel, great job folks!
So awesome! I had no idea that synapsids were so dominant prior to saurapsid types! This was masterfully written for easy understanding :)
I've always found early mammals and their evolution fascinating.
I feel like visiting earth in the permian period would be so alienating with how odd synapsids must have looked lmao. Especially Anteosaurus
we’ve found them... the weirdest looking group of creatures humans have ever seen
Thanks so much for your work and your enthusiasm, Kallie!! Your awesomeness is immeasurable. :)
Do a video on TitanoBoa and the Australian MegaFauna.
I love this episode, it fills a hole of information I always had about land animals. for some reason no one seemed to care about talking about when reptiles and mammals first split. I just assumed we didn't have a lot of information. but the land ecosystem of the Permian is way more fascinating that I could ever imagine.
So, no mention from where Thrinaxodon fossils are found? (I mean, all previous episodes mention where the frontrunner/ focus taxon was discovered or where it had lived...)
Weird.
Otherwise, great episode!
Likely because Pangea was technically everywhere since it was a supercontinent.
I love your videos so much guys, I have trouble learning and keeping things in my noggin' but over the last few years your bite sized videos have opened my mind to some really interesting finds. Thanks for everything you do and keep em coming!
Damn, they look wacky as heck!
Nice look btw!
I do spend my free time burrowing. Into the pile of blankets I keep on my couch. :P
KFC is our Sweet Synapsid Revenge on the Dinosaurs.
Bless up dawg this stuff is so fun to watch, love it
...mammal-like-reptiles...
...the group Hollywood forgot...! ;-)
Acrually, the is this one episode of "primeval" where a super advanced predator from the future were send back to the perm - just to get eaten by a mammal like lizzard.
@@molybdaen11 ...indeed...the Gorgonopsid from 'Primeval' is one of the few...!
(there should be more...! ;-)
I would SO watch a movie about that. Actually, with The Great Dying, you have the perfect structure for a dramatic plot already. We get attached to some of the weird creatures, we follow their lives...and then CHAOS DOOM DESTRUCTION EVERYTHING DIES EVERYTHING IS HORRIBLE.
...and...right before the credits...a family of little furry things crawls out of the rubble.
There's still hope.
Even after all that, life goes on. :)
Dramatic music swell as they look over a cliff into the Triassic horizon and a flock of early dinosaurs run by in the distance, roll credits.
Seriously it'd totally work as a movie plot. It'd be a Pixar movie sadder than Up! and probably traumatise some folks (I mean, there's no way to make The Great Dying cheerful and/or not scary; it's in the name) but...
Much respekt to Synapsids for keeping such a low profile for millions of years, so that we can learn and watch videos about them on RUclips a quarter of a billion years late.
Another example is _Lisowicia,_ which can weigh up to 9 tons, one of the largest known Therapsids.
Dang, T.Rex weighed 8.9 tons at the most.....
Holy sh
i just realized how pleasant it is that this show uses a quick and quiet moment as its signature Eons identifier at the beginning of the video. So many channels use an irritatingly loud and long intro: yuck! The delivery of the episode is nicely low key and not patronizing or excessively full of yuck-yuck humor. It's serious and yet light and so relaxing to listen to. :)
Nice I would like to see a video on the flora in fauna of different formations specifically the morrison and dinosaur provincial park formation :)
This channel is amazing.
is this thing related to my cat? she bites a lot
You're both related to this thing.
i never thought to look up how mammals evolved, so this was all brand new to me. honestly, incredible. glowing. loving these big lumbering lizard dogs. i wish i could meet one just to tell him i'm so glad for all he's done for us.
I’d say humans are burrowers. We build huge and expensive machines so we can dig better holes.
We even build above ground burrows.
Now THAT was informative!! So much information coming together.....Many Thanks PBS Eons & Ms. Kallie!...
5:44
I can't believe they made Pokemon into a real thing
They've got to be kidding me. hahaha
it'cute a real Bulbasaur ,there they will find a Squirtle-don and Charmander-o-saurus
4:02 this is the funniest animal design I have ever seen. I love it so much
Anteosaurus looks like a baboon-bear-hyena
Pokemon Company: I've got an idea!
Kids still do love digging in the dirt and making snow caves. When I was a kid I was obsessed with digging holes and putting in little time capsules.
Last time I was this early, I died in the end-Permian extinction.
I don't know where I was. I heard only a big bang
@@istvansipos9940 Probably sitting next to Lincoln in the theatre
Wow, I was last early when “The sun is a deadly laser.”
I really waited a long time to do this episode!! SOOO HAPPY. YAYA
2:28 I see the Synapsids knew how to make green signs too!
Haha, awesome, well spotted!
I think she might be my favorite host. She doesnt talk too fast or too slow, her gesticulations arent distracting, and the little comments like "which i enjoy doing" always make me laugh
I want to see a crap episode, but not just any crappy episode, a CRAP episode. See, we all learned about the crap dinosaur poop can tell us all about the crap dinosaurs ate in school. But they never really told us about the crap that crap can tell us about ancient animal biology. For example, if birds evolved from theropods, then did theropods like T-Rex or Velociraptor have a cloaca? Surely the type of fossilized excrement can tell us what kind of poop tube extinct animals had. In other words, what crap can crap tell us about the biology of dinosaurs and birds and ancient mammals and so on, not just what they ate. I'm interested in the crap you guys can teach us about how poo-poo pooh poohs old theories of the poop tube.
This is a great idea, i hope they pick up on it. Thumb's UP !
EONS, we need a doodoo based episode.
The man is right, this channel is severely lacking in scatological science.
Now that crap was awesome. I also agree we need to learn some crap about crap. Oh, loved the crap comment.
Sounds like a solid idea
@@passthebutterrobot2600 Actually, if dinosaur crap is similar to bird crap, it would be more like a semi liquid idea
Finally, a subject of synapsids. This is a video long overdue. Hopefully, there will be future videos talking about the diversification of mammals during the age of Dinosaurs.