Evolution: after so long, so many hard ships, so much effort, finally we can fly! Penguins: I’VE BEEN STARING AT THE EDGE OF THE WATER, LONG AS I CAN REMEMBER, NEVER REALLY KNOWING WHY-
One other fact that may need to be taken into consideration; New Zealand developed a number of flightless birds due to the lack of predators in general on land as well as in the sea.
Well, at the time New Zealand was not that different to other landmasses in terms of predators, not only because of a lack of many large predators globally, but also because it still had animals like crocodilians and small mammals that would later go extinct
Yeah..when we broke away from Aus, only mammals that would've been capable of travelling over could have made it on land. Therefore we only have bats as our only indigenous mammal, they flew over. no snakes as well. Since flying meant extra energy, the birbs decided to just live on the floor or low branches. Sadly, humans introduced rats, possums, cats and dogs which killed off much of them including the majestic moa. Local tribes or early english settlements also hunted em quite a lot since they were easy af to snag.
There was a story in a UK newspaper a couple of years back about how biologists in Antarctica had discovered a population of 1.5 million penguins they'd previously missed. But the headlines said "1.5M penguins discovered in Antarctica" and I read the M as metres. I was thinking A: How did you not notice them? B: Are you sure they're not nuns?
Axolotls didn't evolve this. They do indeed have an adult form, but the few habitats that they live in (as they are extremely endangered) lack a specific chemical that triggers their metamorphosis (I believe this is iodine). Axolotls have been made to become adults in laboratory environments. However, neotony (which is when an organism stays in its juvenile stage) has evolved several times, and so must have some evolutionary benefit in some cases. In fact, there is even a theory that all modern chordates evolved from the neotenous larvae of an early tunicate (tunicates, or urochordates, are fascinating in and of themselves; their larvae have a notochord and are free swimming, but the adults lack the former and are sessile!).
@@themicroplanetblog1316 it's possible to force an axolotl to metamorphose. The result looks like a tiger salamander, but the transition is unnatural and shortens the axolotls life so the axolotl has physically evolved to not react to those pheromones as strongly as tiger salamanders And is also incapable of producing them. Edit: sorry for the misunderstanding I typed to soon, that was my fault. But not to be rude your comment is kinda misleading, in the start it says that axolotls didn’t evolve this then it talks about Neotony and that’s a form of evolution?
@Timothy Somerville ahem archaeopteryx ahem Buriolestes do I need to go on While I agree that evolution is not "proven" there is much more behind the theory which is what it is than just faith Also I know technically they are no transitional fossils in the same vein there is no "Asian culture" there both colloquial term but both what else would you call a species such as the ones I listed above. There's a reason why the term is in use it simplifies a very complex thing.
@Timothy Somerville sigh you realize that there is literally no single "Asian culture" but rather dozens of them you realize Arab,Chinese,Tibetan,Siberian,Japanese,Kazakh,Okanawin,and Indonesian cultures are all from Asian but which one would be "Asian culture" then? Also I only used 2 Greco-Roman words there and it was Buriolestes and archaeopteryx both of which were real creatures which you would know If you did real research yourself rather than depending on others to do research for you I HOPE YOU REALIZE REAL LIFE IS NOTHING LIKE SCHOOL NO ONE WILL PROVIDE REAL "PROOF" SINCE HARD PROOF IS SUBJECTIVE ANYWAYS. BTW you really should at the very least do research for yourself since if you did you would know most paleontologists hate using the word "transitional fossil" since we'll it's not like they never stop "transitioning" they always are it's just "transitional fossils" are the clearest example of it. And if you REALLY TO LAZY TO DO RESEARCH ON YOUR OWN THEN FINE HERE YOU GO en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bactritida, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birkenia, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiktaalik, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapodophis, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeopteryx, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrinaxodon, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutchicetus, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus, do I need to go on? There are examples of this JUST DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH OK.
@Timothy Somerville All species are transitional to new species or going extinct. The evidence for transitions in the history of life is overwhelming, not just from abundant fossils but every other line of evidence as well. Evolution is a fact, observed every day in every way and inferred from past evidence. No faith required. Just the facts. BTW, science doesn't do proof. That's for math. Science does confirmation of testable predictions or showing them false.
@Timothy Somerville Actually it is. and observing the fossil record trhugout the eaons it is possible to observe the similarities between species, how the enviroment around them changed and how that change affected the pressures under which they lived, thus altering the way they evolve. Let's take the Titanoboa, per example: it is observable that these giant snakes lived in a period of great heat and increased biodiversity in the rivers of the region of moder Amazom, which gave them the means to be bigger. That's particulary noticeble when you observe that there was no colossal snakes before (when the dinossaurs had the upper niches ocupaied and would be to great a competition) nor after the titanoboas (coinciding with the cooling with the planet, which wouldn't allow the survival of such big reptails). There, an example of transition of snakes from normal and big sized, to gargantuan and then back to normal and big. In relation to the lexicon of our friend over there, I would like to remark that a word is not fancy just because you do not understand it. Greek and Latin terms are comom use in science because the first is a dead language and, thus, don't change over time, and the other is being used in the west for scientific naming since before Rome itself, so it is a basic pattern by now. Also, your argument about seeing an Asian Culture, in the way the colegue upwards presented and that you put it, is wrong, although he shows understanding of it while you do not. There is not something like a single "Asian Culture" given how big and diverse Asia is. So no, you have not seen, putting bluntly, "Asian Culture" unless you refering to a much major cultural spectrum which has in commom only it's location on a world map. Would be the same as saying you know Canada's culture because you were in Mexico and since they´re "near" than they the same. Furthermore, your proposition that since you haven't seen something, it isin't real is wrong. You cannot see, nor experience the crushing pressure of the sea floor, still, you trust the information that is sent to you that down there you would have every bone of your body flatenned by the weight of the sea alone. The universe is too big for us to explore and undertand it all in our short lives, so we need to relly on other people telling about things we ourselves have not seem and talk about the work of phenomena we do not understand. And while it is valid that we take everything with a grain of salt, if the vast majority of scientists have been suporting a given teory for centuries, with no new information ever questioning it, it stands to reason that is the truth, or at least, a sufficent version of the truth for or day and age, but a part of THE truth, notheless. It is the argument of the engineers: If you have the plans for a house but 99 of the hundred engineers you asked says the house would fall if built, you would not trust the single one who says it will stand. Also, reduce the insults, we are trying to make a civilized discussion here.
I had to rewind that, too! Hee hee... She's cute, saying it. Still speaks better than most! overall. One word out of 1000? Yeah, 99.9%= A, on a curve, though? I'd give an A+. My neighbor I baby sat for called"Fire Trucks", "Fire F*cks".. I never corrected him, since his dad didn't...
It is sad that documentaries about penguins usually only show them on land during their nesting phase. They look clunky and slow, but in the water they truly do fly. I suppose it is pretty hard to get good video of them since they swim so fast and can turn all the way around and go the other way in less than a second, but watching them fly about underwater is a joyous experience. Thanks for incorporating some of their amazing acrobatics in this episode.
Please make a video about insect evolution! From crusteans living in the sea to the first insects! So many people know about the vertebrae evolution from fish to reptile and nothing about insects!
I just read the little Roly-Poly is the only creature of its kind on land. They are the link you are looking for, I believe. I think I saw a recent SciShow video discussing that
Chris P not really, it's a cool animal but it's still a crustacean. For example: the platypus isn't the missing link between reptiles and mammals, doesn't matter that it lays eggs like a reptile :)
This is like being in grad school all over again. I worked on penguin feather microstructure in paleontology grad school at UT Austin in a lab almost entirely devoted to penguin evolution. Definitely think I touched some Waimanu bones while in Texas. One of the other grad students was working on the evolution of wing-propelled diving and worked with some New Zealand paleontologists who worked on Waimanu. Also, my grad advisor discovered Inkayacu. Did you guys consult Dr. Julia Clarke at UT Austin? This is a lot of what she researches.
yes you talked about Little Blue Penguins! i recently learned they exist and they're one of my new favorite animals (too bad there are none at the zoos near me.)
@@nuamarusaenz6548 Many animals in zoos are also free. In the wild most animals are not that free because not only do humans restrict their territories but other animals do too.
It's weird that penguins never took the leap into the big oceans such as other land mammals, whales. Perhaps we need a couple of million years more before we see deep sea penguins at the same sizes a s blue whales.
In the book *After Man: A Zoology of the Future* by geologist Dougal Dixon, penguins did just that, after whales went extinct. Two species are depicted, the porpoise-like porpin and the baleen whale-like vortex.
It would be helpful for reference, if when showing the dates when they jumped from island to continent to continent, if you would show the land masses as they appeared then, rather than how close they appear today.
@Michael F. Tommey Not everything. The first reptiles, the first amphibians, the first fish, the first mammals, and maybe the first birds were quite small. Probably true for most vertebrates too. And prehistoric microbes were just as small as today's.
Look up the Chinese tonic, "Pantocrin", made from deer antler,, I read in the book, "Chinese Tonic Herbs", written by Ray T... ? ("Tenuchigowan", spelling phonetically as best i recall from 20 years ago).
probably the first thing we call a deer got cancer in its horn buds (where the horns grow out of on the head), but it didn’t die and the cancer didn’t spread anywhere else
Huge penguins: I'm big. I'm scary. I'm hungry. Humans: AWWWW IT'S SO CUTE AND SQUISHY CAN I HUG IT PLEASE PLEASE Huge penguins: *surprised Pikachu face
My kid and I have been watching your videos since the onset of Covid. Thank you for providing this content, and kudos to your contributions to educational history.
So mysterious that there isn’t a single fossil of the necessarily very long transition periods between major evolutionary stages of literally any species.
Why has nobody ever mentioned megafaunal penguins before?! I needed to know this. There are tons places where you can learn about mammoths, mastodons, wooly rhinos, etc. and even other mega birds are pretty commonly cited, elephant bird, giant emu, and other giant land birds... but NOBoDY ever mentioned mega penguins before that I ever saw. This is totally new information to me.
Never clicked on an Eons video so quickly. Penguins are my favorite. Are there theories as to why the penguin didnt expand beyond the southern hemisphere or of a similar separate evolution in the northern? Was hoping to a little something on that.
Supposedly it has to do with land predators that will eat their eggs, and possibly an inability to withstand warmer temperatures as they get closer to the equator. I'd like to know why we don't have river penguins - there are river dolphins...
There are penguins that live as far north as the Galapagos Islands just south of the equator. Perhaps competition from other sea birds such as auks prevented them from moving further north.
Thanks for making these great videos during these period of uncertainty and fear.always grateful for sharing your knowledge.Wishing everyone the best for the tough times ahead.
Awesome content! I suspected before that penguin ancestors looked like guillemots and razorbills .maybe next time a video about Abelisaurids rise to apex predators in gondwana,
Fun fact, penguin came from the Great Auk, which was a flightless cousin of guillemot and razorbills and were called pengouin in many languages (scientific name is pinguinus actually ^^). And in french, we call the auks "pingouin" and the penguins "manchots" (literally armless XD), which cause a great confusion when translating english "penguin" ^^
thank you pbs eons for this video i absolutely loved it! it would be cool for a semi follow up discussing the other extremely large sea dwellers like ancient sea lions/ toothed whales
1:25 That is actually wrong. They're semi aquatic, because they're unable to spend all their time underwater, and still have to come on land to lay eggs and keep them safe.
@@conqwiztadore2213 hes right. That's the basics of aquatic versus terrestrial animals. If you can still come on land and move around, you're not fully aquatic.
@@conqwiztadore2213 Laziness had nothing to do with it. Diving deeper than many whales is hard work, and digging out molluscs from the sea bottom with their tusks is too.
I always wait for new content from eons ,millions of thanks to all the team Btw the great courses plus is an excellent service i have tried it recently Highly recommended
Something I really like about this channel is that you guys say things like "it could be this, but maybe this, we're not sure". I don't watch TV myself but when I am around people that do they always really stretch the truth, present the least likely explanation like it's the only one and fact, or just lie. You guys seem to avoid that which I really appreciate. Thanks for all your quality content :)
I'm just imagining people sized penguins being as inquisitive and bold as they are now, just walking up to people and it's both terrific and terrifying
OK, HOW did I go to primary school in NZ & never learn about our human-height paleo-penguins?? 😳 Thank you as always PBS Eons for enormously expanding my knowledge of our long history! 🙏
Seriously, almost every modern animals’ ancestors after the K/T extinction started to grow much bigger than their modern descendants. (Reptiles, crocodiles, and birds)
Amazing video! It's very interesting to think about oceans ruled by penguins instead of cetaceans. But, It would be very interesting doing a video about the place of the meiolanids in turtle evolution tree
Please don't stop making these videos while we're all quarantined. We NEED you. Please stay safe and healthy and keep safe distances from each other w/ minimal crew while doing it though. But.... can you like keep making them from your basements or something?
@@eritain Exactly. Whether you Anglicize the final "e" as an "ee" sound, or whether your keep it Romance as an "eh" sound, the point is that the "-bile" in the word "mirabile" is not pronounced like the bile stored in our gall bladders. "Mirabile" is Latin for "miracle" (lit. "spectacle" or "a thing to behold"), and is pronounced accordingly.
I absolutely loved this video!!! I've been questioning myself about how penguins gave up flying for diving for years since they are my favourite animals!!! I'd like to point one thing out, though: On the minute 6:38 of the video, the penguin species that was illustrated to compare of the size of the Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) to that of a human being IS THE WRONG ONE...that illustration is actually from a King penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri), the closest relative of the Emperor, it even belongs to the exact same genus ("Aptenodytes"), but it's slightly smaller, it's more abundant, skinnier, way more colourful & unlike the Emperor, which only breeds in the Antarctic ice, the King likes to breed in sub-antarctic islands, further north, when it's ice-free most of the time, such as the Falklands, South Georgia, Macquarie, Kerguelen, Crozet and even in Tierra del Fuego, in Chile (the only known continental colony).
Etymology for those who are interested: Waimanu "water bird" in Maori Kumimanu "monster bird" in Maori (Yes, "manu" means "bird" in Maori. I don't speak Maori; I just looked this up.) Anthropornis "human bird" from Greek
@@killerqueenisbestmanneko8419 neither of those are larger than humans. Neither of those "easily dwarf" humans. The tallest man ever was closer to 8ft than to 7ft. Were I live 6ft 6inches is not uncommon for men. 6ft is about average height here. If you want to dwarf and almost 7 ft man you need to he atleast 14ft tall.
Marine Reptiles: Gone for 5 minutes
Penguins: _It's free real estate_
what’s cool is that cladistically penguins are marine reptiles too 😨
It's like the fish were the natives, the marine reptiles the first colonizers, then seabirds the new colonizers
@@GundemaroSagrajas nah trilobites where the natives where the microbrd
Actually 5 Millions years
Nice stale meme well done
A 6-foot penguin? From behind you wouldn't be able to tell if it was a bird or a person in a suit!
I would run anyway
I'd like to hug it
If they existed...surely a zookeeper would let one loose on Halloween.
And or a Tall Nun!!!😅 Sister Michael from the Antarctic congregation of the holly penguin!🤣🐧
*I would like to pet this creature*
Evolution: after so long, so many hard ships, so much effort, finally we can fly!
Penguins: I’VE BEEN STARING AT THE EDGE OF THE WATER, LONG AS I CAN REMEMBER, NEVER REALLY KNOWING WHY-
Dangit now I'll have that song stuck in my head all day!
@@MargoMB19 it could be a worse song tbh
@@choryllis6646 the snow glows white on the mountain tonight, not a footprint to be seen~
Penguins may have gone a little way past the reef.
*slow clap*
One other fact that may need to be taken into consideration; New Zealand developed a number of flightless birds due to the lack of predators in general on land as well as in the sea.
Well, at the time New Zealand was not that different to other landmasses in terms of predators, not only because of a lack of many large predators globally, but also because it still had animals like crocodilians and small mammals that would later go extinct
Yeah..when we broke away from Aus, only mammals that would've been capable of travelling over could have made it on land. Therefore we only have bats as our only indigenous mammal, they flew over. no snakes as well. Since flying meant extra energy, the birbs decided to just live on the floor or low branches. Sadly, humans introduced rats, possums, cats and dogs which killed off much of them including the majestic moa. Local tribes or early english settlements also hunted em quite a lot since they were easy af to snag.
@@lily4351 i love the fact that u used birbs
Then flightless birds started to eat each other, and there was a desperate, failing attempt to re-evolve flight.😁
Overhead, bats laughed.
@@icollectstories5702 LOL
Just smile and wave boys, smile and wave
Kowalski, report!
Yeah, that what beaches are for!
😃 🌊
Haha
@@biohazard724 Skipper, it's some sort of moving picture detailing the evolution of our ancestors 🧐🐧👨🔬😝
Here in NZ we prefer the 'East Coast wave' these days. Ask our Prime Minister for a demo ;)
1:48 "The thing to know about penguins-"
Me: Is that they’re cute!
"Is that they’re really specialized in underwater life."
Me: yeah that’s right
I'm really grateful for this comment because they didn't mention it in the video at all and I wouldn't have known they were cute otherwise. Thank you.
New Zealand: proudly producing flightless birds for 61 million years! 🐧
Flightless birds of all sizes as well. So New Zealand, the Land of the Birds.
thats actually cool ngl
That's alot of penguins.
*I wanna live there-*
Flightless bird machine
🥝
K O W A L S K I,
A N A L Y S I S
Skipper would be proud to know about his big relatives.
i really wanna date the narrator , she is a beauty with a brain
Analski, kowalisys
"It's not a smol birb" 6:41
You are correct
i thought i was mistaken from hearing birb
Came to comments for this
Loved that part.
D I V E
There was a story in a UK newspaper a couple of years back about how biologists in Antarctica had discovered a population of 1.5 million penguins they'd previously missed. But the headlines said "1.5M penguins discovered in Antarctica" and I read the M as metres.
I was thinking A: How did you not notice them? B: Are you sure they're not nuns?
I wasted my time reading this. So I’ma waste it commenting.
Well, at least you now know there were 1.5 meter tall penguins a while ago.
😂😂
Reminds me of the penguins from at the mountans of madness
In SI, M is always million, and m is always meter, unless used as a unit prefix. Then it means milli (thousandth), as in mm.
can you cover why axolotls evolved to stay in their tadpole-like form? :)
That sounds pretty interesting
They have those strange gills I would think that’s caused by juvinileism or whatever it’s called
Axolotls didn't evolve this. They do indeed have an adult form, but the few habitats that they live in (as they are extremely endangered) lack a specific chemical that triggers their metamorphosis (I believe this is iodine). Axolotls have been made to become adults in laboratory environments. However, neotony (which is when an organism stays in its juvenile stage) has evolved several times, and so must have some evolutionary benefit in some cases. In fact, there is even a theory that all modern chordates evolved from the neotenous larvae of an early tunicate (tunicates, or urochordates, are fascinating in and of themselves; their larvae have a notochord and are free swimming, but the adults lack the former and are sessile!).
@@themicroplanetblog1316 it's possible to force an axolotl to metamorphose. The result looks like a tiger salamander, but the transition is unnatural and shortens the axolotls life so the axolotl has physically evolved to not react to those pheromones as strongly as tiger salamanders And is also incapable of producing them. Edit: sorry for the misunderstanding I typed to soon, that was my fault. But not to be rude your comment is kinda misleading, in the start it says that axolotls didn’t evolve this then it talks about Neotony and that’s a form of evolution?
@@themicroplanetblog1316 they're sterile if you do thar are they not?
Business Geese, still marketable after 61 million years : D
These birb stock broker's might make me go broke
@Timothy Somerville ahem archaeopteryx ahem Buriolestes do I need to go on
While I agree that evolution is not "proven" there is much more behind the theory which is what it is than just faith
Also I know technically they are no transitional fossils in the same vein there is no "Asian culture" there both colloquial term but both what else would you call a species such as the ones I listed above. There's a reason why the term is in use it simplifies a very complex thing.
@Timothy Somerville sigh you realize that there is literally no single "Asian culture" but rather dozens of them you realize Arab,Chinese,Tibetan,Siberian,Japanese,Kazakh,Okanawin,and Indonesian cultures are all from Asian but which one would be "Asian culture" then?
Also I only used 2 Greco-Roman words there and it was Buriolestes and archaeopteryx both of which were real creatures which you would know If you did real research yourself rather than depending on others to do research for you I HOPE YOU REALIZE REAL LIFE IS NOTHING LIKE SCHOOL NO ONE WILL PROVIDE REAL "PROOF" SINCE HARD PROOF IS SUBJECTIVE ANYWAYS.
BTW you really should at the very least do research for yourself since if you did you would know most paleontologists hate using the word "transitional fossil" since we'll it's not like they never stop "transitioning" they always are it's just "transitional fossils" are the clearest example of it.
And if you REALLY TO LAZY TO DO RESEARCH ON YOUR OWN THEN FINE HERE YOU GO
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bactritida, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birkenia, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiktaalik, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapodophis, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeopteryx, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrinaxodon, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutchicetus, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus, do I need to go on? There are examples of this JUST DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH OK.
@Timothy Somerville All species are transitional to new species or going extinct. The evidence for transitions in the history of life is overwhelming, not just from abundant fossils but every other line of evidence as well. Evolution is a fact, observed every day in every way and inferred from past evidence. No faith required. Just the facts. BTW, science doesn't do proof. That's for math. Science does confirmation of testable predictions or showing them false.
@Timothy Somerville Actually it is. and observing the fossil record trhugout the eaons it is possible to observe the similarities between species, how the enviroment around them changed and how that change affected the pressures under which they lived, thus altering the way they evolve. Let's take the Titanoboa, per example: it is observable that these giant snakes lived in a period of great heat and increased biodiversity in the rivers of the region of moder Amazom, which gave them the means to be bigger. That's particulary noticeble when you observe that there was no colossal snakes before (when the dinossaurs had the upper niches ocupaied and would be to great a competition) nor after the titanoboas (coinciding with the cooling with the planet, which wouldn't allow the survival of such big reptails). There, an example of transition of snakes from normal and big sized, to gargantuan and then back to normal and big.
In relation to the lexicon of our friend over there, I would like to remark that a word is not fancy just because you do not understand it. Greek and Latin terms are comom use in science because the first is a dead language and, thus, don't change over time, and the other is being used in the west for scientific naming since before Rome itself, so it is a basic pattern by now.
Also, your argument about seeing an Asian Culture, in the way the colegue upwards presented and that you put it, is wrong, although he shows understanding of it while you do not. There is not something like a single "Asian Culture" given how big and diverse Asia is. So no, you have not seen, putting bluntly, "Asian Culture" unless you refering to a much major cultural spectrum which has in commom only it's location on a world map. Would be the same as saying you know Canada's culture because you were in Mexico and since they´re "near" than they the same.
Furthermore, your proposition that since you haven't seen something, it isin't real is wrong. You cannot see, nor experience the crushing pressure of the sea floor, still, you trust the information that is sent to you that down there you would have every bone of your body flatenned by the weight of the sea alone. The universe is too big for us to explore and undertand it all in our short lives, so we need to relly on other people telling about things we ourselves have not seem and talk about the work of phenomena we do not understand.
And while it is valid that we take everything with a grain of salt, if the vast majority of scientists have been suporting a given teory for centuries, with no new information ever questioning it, it stands to reason that is the truth, or at least, a sufficent version of the truth for or day and age, but a part of THE truth, notheless. It is the argument of the engineers: If you have the plans for a house but 99 of the hundred engineers you asked says the house would fall if built, you would not trust the single one who says it will stand.
Also, reduce the insults, we are trying to make a civilized discussion here.
Penguins are the derpiest dinos. I love them.
I see your penguin and raise you a shoebill.
Pelicans not far behind
You feathered freak
Oh sorry I'm a scaly dinosaur fan I'm sorry for getting emotional there.
Same!
newb mann Some dinosaurs had feathers too! Do you try to avoid that possibility?
I love how the giant penguins had similar proportions to modern penguins. They literally just look like they've been scaled up.
*]*
@@chalkiewithdots so true
Too bad they’re extinct, they were big enough to ride piggyback on land, or ride while whey swim.
Not only did I love this video, but the fact that she said "birb" instead of "bird" makes me incredibly happy.
Birb
The subtitles also said "smol birb"
I had to rewind that, too! Hee hee... She's cute, saying it. Still speaks better than most! overall. One word out of 1000? Yeah, 99.9%= A,
on a curve, though? I'd give an A+.
My neighbor I baby sat for called"Fire Trucks", "Fire F*cks".. I never corrected him, since his dad didn't...
@@prismaticc_abyss I rewatched it with the captions on, and it made it even better.
Call me rude but that's the only thing I didn't like about the video. Evolution to me isn't playful
"Wanna go penguin sledding with me?"
@@Makaneek5060 you've got no idea how long I've been waiting for this lawl XD
Lmaoooo
Humans probably COULD go sledding on some of these, and I... Would probably try to train one to let people, if they were still around.
I luv dis commuent
"Sure, bro. C'mon, let's go!"
Those giant penguins sound kinda like an avatar animal...
Yeah everything you mentioned is cool and all, but did you know that penguins can also tap dance?
I knew that. But did you know they can also surf?
Don't forget there beautiful musical talents
@@cintronproductions9430 I knew that. But did you know they also like to wear cute red and white hats?
Happy feet reference?
They also have brand loyalty for colas
It is sad that documentaries about penguins usually only show them on land during their nesting phase. They look clunky and slow, but in the water they truly do fly. I suppose it is pretty hard to get good video of them since they swim so fast and can turn all the way around and go the other way in less than a second, but watching them fly about underwater is a joyous experience. Thanks for incorporating some of their amazing acrobatics in this episode.
Love penguins. They look regal and goofy at the same time.
Also hard as nails.
Atom-Phyr Royals are often goofy, to much inbreeding I guess!
Giant Penguins? H.P. Lovecraft has entered the chat.
*Cthulhu wants to know your location*
Jim Ferdinando I was hoping someone here would mention that.
So did Allan Poe
They didn't say anything about blind albino ones though.
Jack Grattan They’re the ones you really have to be careful with. Them and the shoggoths...
Giant penguins look like they could pierce your abdomen repeatability leaving a bunch of see-through holes
I'm glad Eons finally has a chance to talk about the evolution of Penguins. It's pretty awesome to note that there is still more to discover.
8:40 Newly evolved whale says to self: "Oooo! Yum! Sea chicken!" 🤣
Tastes like fish!
I love that they always put the animal next to the person, to really put the size in perspective! Really helps to picture it!
Please make a video about insect evolution! From crusteans living in the sea to the first insects! So many people know about the vertebrae evolution from fish to reptile and nothing about insects!
I just read the little Roly-Poly is the only creature of its kind on land. They are the link you are looking for, I believe.
I think I saw a recent SciShow video discussing that
Chris P not really, it's a cool animal but it's still a crustacean. For example: the platypus isn't the missing link between reptiles and mammals, doesn't matter that it lays eggs like a reptile :)
DeluxXe Trash calm down, weevil underwood, they’ll get to it.
This!
Great idea! I would love that
Accidentally finding this channel is one of the best things that has happened to me in the last year. Keep up the good work!
This is like being in grad school all over again. I worked on penguin feather microstructure in paleontology grad school at UT Austin in a lab almost entirely devoted to penguin evolution. Definitely think I touched some Waimanu bones while in Texas. One of the other grad students was working on the evolution of wing-propelled diving and worked with some New Zealand paleontologists who worked on Waimanu. Also, my grad advisor discovered Inkayacu. Did you guys consult Dr. Julia Clarke at UT Austin? This is a lot of what she researches.
yes you talked about Little Blue Penguins! i recently learned they exist and they're one of my new favorite animals (too bad there are none at the zoos near me.)
Can confirm, they are the best. I have seen them in the wild and at my local zoo, and they are the cutest!
It is not a bad thing that they are not in a zoo... They are free! Be happy for them.
@@nuamarusaenz6548 Many animals in zoos are also free. In the wild most animals are not that free because not only do humans restrict their territories but other animals do too.
It's weird that penguins never took the leap into the big oceans such as other land mammals, whales. Perhaps we need a couple of million years more before we see deep sea penguins at the same sizes a s blue whales.
I'd like to see one of that size
Probably because the niches were already occupied by mammals and fish.
In the book *After Man: A Zoology of the Future* by geologist Dougal Dixon, penguins did just that, after whales went extinct. Two species are depicted, the porpoise-like porpin and the baleen whale-like vortex.
i don't think being the size of a blue whale is really an option when you have to return to land to breed.
@@kelbyreid7254 Check out After Man. The book has a species of filter feeding penguin called the Vortex.
Another fun fact:
In NZ Waimanu literately means "water bird"
Wai: Water
Manu: Bird
Is Waimanu Maori for penguin too?
It would be helpful for reference, if when showing the dates when they jumped from island to continent to continent, if you would show the land masses as they appeared then, rather than how close they appear today.
Marine reptiles: *die*
Birds and mammals: "It's free real estate"
Damn, penguin ancestors were huge!
@Michael F. Tommey Not everything. The first reptiles, the first amphibians, the first fish, the first mammals, and maybe the first birds were quite small. Probably true for most vertebrates too. And prehistoric microbes were just as small as today's.
1:49 "they're really specialized for underwater life" *shows the most adorable awkward movement 💕
Can you say anything about evolution of ruminants, especially deers? I've heard that there were some weird cancer-related stuff about their antlers...
Look up the Chinese tonic, "Pantocrin", made from deer antler,, I read in the book, "Chinese Tonic Herbs", written by Ray T... ? ("Tenuchigowan", spelling phonetically as best i recall from 20 years ago).
I'll check that out, thank you
probably the first thing we call a deer got cancer in its horn buds (where the horns grow out of on the head), but it didn’t die and the cancer didn’t spread anywhere else
@@iainmawhinney8867 does this mean that one day the jackalope could be real?
@@iainmawhinney8867 Wait, cancer can be inherited?
I speculate penguins became less colorful as they became prey. Or when they started to obsess about getting promoted.
Ocean camo: dark on top, light underneath. Good for hunters and hunted.
Huge penguins: I'm big. I'm scary. I'm hungry.
Humans: AWWWW IT'S SO CUTE AND SQUISHY CAN I HUG IT PLEASE PLEASE
Huge penguins: *surprised Pikachu face
The world is shutting down but we still have PBS Eon! Thank you for releasing this video!
I wonder if living on a ground predator free island like in new zealand lead to flightlessness and island gigantism
We know that it does. There are many, many cases of that happening all over the world with a range of unrelated species.
Yeah, new land predators spreading to the living habitats of the giant penguins might have wiped them out..
It certainly led to penguinism
New Zealand wasn't predator-free at the time? Neither was Antarctica - check out the video on Marsupials.
My kid and I have been watching your videos since the onset of Covid. Thank you for providing this content, and kudos to your contributions to educational history.
I don’t know, having a penguin that’s a foot taller than me stare down at me sounds pretty intimidating
Look up the cassowary. (shudder)
I probably sound like a kid but i really love that you guys show pics, animation and vids
7:45 I just wanna hug them
Bury my head in it's chest feathers
Until It falls on you
U mean both of them?🤣
@@nandhasaran definitely. I love the crew behind this show
Ay, another victory for the great courses plus in the great sponsorship wars of 2020. Brilliant, what say you?!
At 06:40 "...it's not a small birb" I swear - she says BIRB! Great video, but how did NO-ONE catch that? lol
I heard it too lol
Evolution is so fascinating (and mysterious)!
So mysterious that there isn’t a single fossil of the necessarily very long transition periods between major evolutionary stages of literally any species.
Love that video. Dont forgot the 2 evolutionary history episodes: one about pinnipeds and the other tyrannosaurids
Why has nobody ever mentioned megafaunal penguins before?! I needed to know this. There are tons places where you can learn about mammoths, mastodons, wooly rhinos, etc. and even other mega birds are pretty commonly cited, elephant bird, giant emu, and other giant land birds... but NOBoDY ever mentioned mega penguins before that I ever saw. This is totally new information to me.
Never clicked on an Eons video so quickly. Penguins are my favorite.
Are there theories as to why the penguin didnt expand beyond the southern hemisphere or of a similar separate evolution in the northern? Was hoping to a little something on that.
Supposedly it has to do with land predators that will eat their eggs, and possibly an inability to withstand warmer temperatures as they get closer to the equator. I'd like to know why we don't have river penguins - there are river dolphins...
They are not adapted to the land predators of the north, like polar bears and wolves.
There are penguins that live as far north as the Galapagos Islands just south of the equator. Perhaps competition from other sea birds such as auks prevented them from moving further north.
Awesome, thank you everyone on PBS, nice script and incredible animation. 👍🏼💙
Thanks for making these great videos during these period of uncertainty and fear.always grateful for sharing your knowledge.Wishing everyone the best for the tough times ahead.
the moment yxou realize HP lovecrafts giant penguins in the mountain of madness are based on actual fossils.....mind = blown
Awesome content! I suspected before that penguin ancestors looked like guillemots and razorbills .maybe next time a video about Abelisaurids rise to apex predators in gondwana,
Fun fact, penguin came from the Great Auk, which was a flightless cousin of guillemot and razorbills and were called pengouin in many languages (scientific name is pinguinus actually ^^).
And in french, we call the auks "pingouin" and the penguins "manchots" (literally armless XD), which cause a great confusion when translating english "penguin" ^^
thank you pbs eons for this video i absolutely loved it! it would be cool for a semi follow up discussing the other extremely large sea dwellers like ancient sea lions/ toothed whales
"See what I did there?"
Me: "I SEA what you did there."
Good one😩👌
6:42 "It's not a small birb" rotfl😂😂😂
I never knew I needed to hear her say "birb"
And now they have evolved into an operating system with many species we call distros, amazing!
All of this makes whales seem so much more plausible and less bizarre. Reptiles and birds did the same thing.
Thank you! I have been hoping for you guys to make a video on penguins! Fascinating!
1:25 That is actually wrong. They're semi aquatic, because they're unable to spend all their time underwater, and still have to come on land to lay eggs and keep them safe.
Ok professor what ever you say
@@conqwiztadore2213 hes right. That's the basics of aquatic versus terrestrial animals. If you can still come on land and move around, you're not fully aquatic.
Smallish waddling tuxedo birds 🤣🤣🤣❤️
I wonder if they'll do a video on the evolution of walruses?
They were 🐘 that got lazy and lost Thier legs but kept Thier tusks
@@conqwiztadore2213 imagine
@@conqwiztadore2213 Laziness had nothing to do with it. Diving deeper than many whales is hard work, and digging out molluscs from the sea bottom with their tusks is too.
I always wait for new content from eons ,millions of thanks to all the team
Btw the great courses plus is an excellent service i have tried it recently
Highly recommended
I have loved penguins since I did a science report in 5th grade oh so long ago. Really would have loved to have seen a 6 foot tall one.
Something I really like about this channel is that you guys say things like "it could be this, but maybe this, we're not sure". I don't watch TV myself but when I am around people that do they always really stretch the truth, present the least likely explanation like it's the only one and fact, or just lie. You guys seem to avoid that which I really appreciate.
Thanks for all your quality content :)
She is like Benedict Cumberbatch. She says pingwings rather than penguins.
Vitringur love it!!!
She pronounces it like we do in Sweden, we say pingvin, I find it quite cute!
I'm just imagining people sized penguins being as inquisitive and bold as they are now, just walking up to people and it's both terrific and terrifying
Yeah, but they were big enough to ride on their backs as they swim, or piggyback on land.
Please do an episode titled "When India was an island". Thanks.
Yesss, I second this
Poli saanam
OK, HOW did I go to primary school in NZ & never learn about our human-height paleo-penguins?? 😳 Thank you as always PBS Eons for enormously expanding my knowledge of our long history! 🙏
First thought on the murre.
"Alcides are evolving to be the next penguins!"
Then I realized that already happened but we killed it.
R.I.P., Great Auk with Big Dreams.
Penguins along with turtles are two of my favorite animals when I was a kid. There's something fun and fascinating about them.
A new EONS video is EXACTLY what I need right now! ❤️ Thanks you guys! Stay safe and healthy!
Really good!!! Thank You!
Rete mirabile
('rā tā mi 'rah bi lā)
From Latin to Italian:
Amazing net
keep up the Good work Eons, you all are the best
Seriously, almost every modern animals’ ancestors after the K/T extinction started to grow much bigger than their modern descendants. (Reptiles, crocodiles, and birds)
I wish they had stayed big. Giant penguins are way cooler than elephants and whales.
i just love the content you put out, thank you so much
Amazing video! It's very interesting to think about oceans ruled by penguins instead of cetaceans. But, It would be very interesting doing a video about the place of the meiolanids in turtle evolution tree
Please don't stop making these videos while we're all quarantined. We NEED you. Please stay safe and healthy and keep safe distances from each other w/ minimal crew while doing it though. But.... can you like keep making them from your basements or something?
Everyone: Penguins
Eons enjoyers: Marine dinosaurs
I love penguins! They look so cute and fancy :)
Giant penguins make me feel anxious😂
This is such a good and interesting video! Thanks!
I can't imagine a six feet penguin no matter how hard I try
@Michael F. Tommey 😂😂
I wanted to see this for so long ! Thank you!!
I can't believe the internet memed birb, smol and snek into the dictionary.
THE POWER OF THE INTERNET!
My favorite narrator again. Great and interesting video.
2:05 - Rete mirabile is pronounced like this: “REE-tee mir-AH-bil-ee”. In Latin it means “miracle network.”
I would have gone with reh-teh mi-ra-bi-leh, but potato, potato. Point is, Latin doesn't have silent-e spellings (or any other silent letters really).
@@eritain Exactly. Whether you Anglicize the final "e" as an "ee" sound, or whether your keep it Romance as an "eh" sound, the point is that the "-bile" in the word "mirabile" is not pronounced like the bile stored in our gall bladders. "Mirabile" is Latin for "miracle" (lit. "spectacle" or "a thing to behold"), and is pronounced accordingly.
I absolutely loved this video!!! I've been questioning myself about how penguins gave up flying for diving for years since they are my favourite animals!!!
I'd like to point one thing out, though:
On the minute 6:38 of the video, the penguin species that was illustrated to compare of the size of the Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) to that of a human being IS THE WRONG ONE...that illustration is actually from a King penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri), the closest relative of the Emperor, it even belongs to the exact same genus ("Aptenodytes"), but it's slightly smaller, it's more abundant, skinnier, way more colourful & unlike the Emperor, which only breeds in the Antarctic ice, the King likes to breed in sub-antarctic islands, further north, when it's ice-free most of the time, such as the Falklands, South Georgia, Macquarie, Kerguelen, Crozet and even in Tierra del Fuego, in Chile (the only known continental colony).
Etymology for those who are interested:
Waimanu "water bird" in Maori
Kumimanu "monster bird" in Maori
(Yes, "manu" means "bird" in Maori. I don't speak Maori; I just looked this up.)
Anthropornis "human bird" from Greek
In addition there were; literal *Giant* Goliathal Species of Penguin that easily dwarfs Humans
The DORUK doubt
I don't think that's true. But maybe some day they'll discover one. Crossvallia and Waimea were only slightly larger than an average human male.
@@dondragmer2412 p. Klekowskii was nearly 7 feet tall and anthropornis was 5'10"
@@killerqueenisbestmanneko8419 neither of those are larger than humans. Neither of those "easily dwarf" humans. The tallest man ever was closer to 8ft than to 7ft.
Were I live 6ft 6inches is not uncommon for men. 6ft is about average height here.
If you want to dwarf and almost 7 ft man you need to he atleast 14ft tall.
@@dillongage7628 i have never met someone over 6'5". And that was only once. Most people i see are in the 5'0-5'10" range l
I like the size comparison thanks PBS
Ah finally the answer to why penguins have wings
Thank you for this episode on some of the most adorable animals on the planet.
9:51 I genuinely laughed about the comedy act :)
I've been waiting for this episode for so long. Thanks PBS eons for making this :)
Is it possible for you guys to talk about specific fossil sites? Like mazon creek as an example
As some who is obsessed with penguins my life is more complete knowing this new information
I kinda want a me sized penguin to cuddle with now :)