When Giant Hypercarnivores Prowled Africa
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- Опубликовано: 18 ноя 2019
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These hyaenodonts gave the world some of its largest terrestrial, carnivorous mammals ever known. And while these behemoths were the apex predators of their time, they were no match for a changing world.
Thanks to Dr. Matthew Borths and Dr. Nancy Stevens for allowing us to use images from their recent paper on Simbakubwa, including the wonderful paleoart of Mauricio Antón: www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/1...
And big thanks to these paleoartists for allowing us to use their wonderful illustrations:
Julio Lacerda (Simbakubwa kutokaafrika and Hyainailouros sulzeri): 252mya.com/gallery/julio-lacerda
Ceri Thomas (Megistotherium osteothlastes and Hyainailouros napakensis): / alphynix
Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: / pbsdigitalstudios
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References: docs.google.com/document/d/1m... 
Наука
"It was not a hyena"
"It was a Hyaenodont"
can you hyena not
a hyenan't
I hyenan't
hyaenams've'd
@@gloriouspink4563 HyenaNot
Imagine walking around Africa, minding your own business, then a rat the size of a polar bear jumps on you
Rat? They aren't related to big cats, but calling them _rats_ might overshoot a bit on the evolutionary tree XD
@@vaimantobe3034 The drawings make them look like giant rats lol
@@GrimRuler you missed that we don't know what they looked like since we lack complete specimens
Westley: The rodents of unusual size? I don't believe they exist.
Looks more like a shrew in steroids, afaik.
“When giant hyper-carnivores roamed Africa”... So, business as usual then.
Shashank Kumar I’m pretty sure he is talking about lions lmao
@Shashank Kumar idiot.
I get it
I mean yea, lions are still chilling there
Giant millipedes: "Yeah, but don't tell jake that."
Jake the black/white striped killer horse: "Uhuh."
_It was not a Hyena at all_
Me: *If it's not a Hyena then what is it?*
_It was a Hyaenodont_
Me: *Oh of course*
You’re hilarious
😂😂😂😂 That made me laugh.
I'd love to know what it's closest relative is if it's not a hyena.
@@WebOfTwilight its closest extant relative is probably carnivora but not hyena since it's a pretty new species compare to other
Hyae! no! dont!
0:19 "much bigger than the jawbone of a lion"
Bit of an understatement, that's bigger than a lions entire skull!!
Hyaenodontids also tended to have considerably larger skulls and teeth relative to their size than felids or any modern carnivoran.
Miquel Escribano Ivars big fan of animals with this particular body plan. Any others I should check out?
@@tonytonedeaf8981 Crocodiles...?
@@tonytonedeaf8981 Foxes are the closest things we have to modern hyaenodonts.
Limi V I meant big head, carnivorous land mammals like the one in this video
Hyendonts makes some of today's Carnivora mammals look like kittens.
I mean, kittens are Carnivora mammals
You haven’t met my cat. He’s a hyperpredator.
Larger skulls and teeth are a trade off for less effective grappling forelimbs and less developed brains. It's not like Carnivorans didn't get even more impressive in the past (glances at Amphicyon, Epicyon, Dinocrocuta, Smilodon, Pleistocene lions, Agriotherium, Arctodus, the extant Elephant Seal...)
Absolute unit
Kittens are very nearly the most efficient predators in the entire world, though. That's kind of the entire reason people started keeping them around in the first place (they kill anything that's smaller than them, and the percentage of successful hunts vs failed ones is insane). In fact the most efficient predator on this entire planet is a small feline species which is closely related to house cats.
I would just love to take a time machine and just video tape these beasts when they were alive. It's so amazing how diverse earth's life has been through all its phases. We take soon much for granted...
My guess is if you could take a time machine when these dudes ran around. You would be really surprised how wrong this show got it!
@@mattvanderford4920 yes. I find all of this stuff very interesting, but I also know that science like this is constantly changing, meaning they didn't get it right the first time. All we can really know for certain is how their bones looked, everything else is just hypothesis based off of what we know animals are like today.
I was just thinking the same. What I wouldn't give to see the earth before humans ruined it.
I find it quite amusing that a lot of artistic depictions of fossilized animals show them without a neck. Lil murder potato.
Sontar-HA! 😉
@John Smith Yes, but are you THE Doctor? 😉
I mean you don't see a male lion's neck. And most bears also don't have much of a neck so I guess it makes sense. As for other fossilized animals I don't know ... As long as they keep Sauropods with a neck ...
@@barbarapanfilly84 Okay, but now imagine a sauropod without a neck, that would be amazing. Just a really tiny head on a huge body
@@barbarapanfilly84 yeah you cant see a lions neck but it doesn't look like a potato lmao
Geez, not just "carnivore" but "hyper-carnivore". 😬😳
So is your cat.
Cats (both small & big) are also hyper-carnivores.
The term just means that most of their diet is comprised of meat (around 3/4 or so at least) & not that they are some sort of super or giant carnivore.
Your cat is a hypercarnivore though. Even more so than these. Cat gets 90% of its calories from meat
International Harvester *Vegan Rage*
@TheGreaterGood80 Amen to that! If you want to get away from a vegan cop, just run into a Korean BBQ or a Brazilian churrasco restaurant. Ahhhhhhh.... a hypercarnivore's Disneyland!😼
-*Sees they have simba in their names*
-Just like in The Lion King!
-*Sees in means lion*
-I guess it's fair.
"Such a beautiful baby lion, what are you going to name him?"
"Lion"
@@GrimRuler To add to this, In The lion king the hyena "Shenzi" was a tear jerker as a kid, In kiswahili. "shenzi" means Stupid.
@@fog340 I didn't know that.
@@GrimRuler makes sense
NoubyScrub I’m planning on naming my child “Human”.
Remember becoming an apex being will always lead you to becoming nerfed or deleted.
Uriel Septim or the meta is changing
Jack Aj lmao i am
Pfft tell that to sharks or alligators
When you get to the top, there is nowhere to go but down.
bruh but their passives make them op
This woman is the best host. She tells the facts, doesn’t dumb it down too much, and keeps it moving. Feels nice to not feel like someone is catering to a 1.5 second attention span.
Right? I adore her narration style. She's great.
It's almost like she's reading a script...
She is my favorite as well.
I like Blake more
African Megafauna are rarely talked about I would like to see a part 2
Why do you refer to it as "African" megafauna when it is clearly stated at 0:46 that the animals lived in Africa, Europe, Asia, and North America?
Cenozoic megafuana would be more accurate... don't let the scientific name throw you.
It would be like claiming homosapiens are an African hominid... not technically wrong but certainly not accurate.
@@bigdickpornsuperstar probably one of the species lives in Africa or they started out in Africa
@@bigdickpornsuperstar he mean, african sub-species. All documentary focus on skeleton from eurasia or america (north/south). But this one is more focus on african sub-species.
But Homo sapiens are an African hominid. Entirely. Conclusively. There’s no debate about it.
Yeah I'd like to learn more about them
Honestly, I thought hypercarnivors were animals that ate other carnivores, now I'm disappointed ...
I suppose a lot of carnivores do prey on other carnivores. Certain cobra species, for example, specialize in hunting other snakes for dinner, and that doesn't preclude smaller members of their own species. And of course among the fishes and other marine organisms, if it fits in their mouth, they'll try and eat it; if it doesn't, they'll try to dismember it lol. x)
They could
I mean there is some truth in that they eat other carnivores.
I thought they were nervous guys that hated broccoli.
I mean, a lot of carnivores do eat other carnivores? Just doesn’t make sense to only eat other carnivores specifically.
"It's not a hyena, it's a hyena-don't"
Since it's now extinct, it's a buh-byeena.
"Keeping up with the Carnassials!" Brilliant!🤣🤣
gunga ginga
Last time I've been this early, Spinosaurus was still ruling Egypt.
>talks in ARK: Survival Evolved
Lycan Bane *YES*
Lycan Bane you start off anywhere easy you have a 15% chance to see a spino close to you
Fun fact: Spinosaurus built the great pyramids! ;-p
@@guardrailbiter Yes! Yes! Yes!
Make a video on Thylacoleo, the marsupial lion.
And a video about the Tasmanian tiger and the Megalania while you’ll at it
both of you hell yeah
@@elijahbutcher9522 and the megalocerus
@@schlongmaster7501 They already did a video for that though right here ruclips.net/video/8ZEYcbhcLsw/видео.html
That would be neat -- a whole review of all the various kinds of marsupials would be great.
Smaller; nimbler and faster with a varied diet seems to be the best formlae for long term survival
Not to mention intelligence. Raccoons, rats/mice, corvid birds, domestic cats etc. Are easily some of the most successful vertebrates around but only because on top of having very flexible diets, small size and putting in a large amount of parental care they're also all clever af and able to pretty easily problem solve.
The biggest badasses among land carnivores are the ones most sensitive and vulnerable to sudden changes.
@@robwalsh9843 Survival of the fittest, not survival of the strongest.
Adaptability seems to be the key. That's precisely why humans survived and spread.
Which is roaches will rule the world
Interesting, if you're familiar with the mythology of many african cultures, you may have heard stories of this exact creature (often described as a giant hyena)
damn really?
the Nandi Bear?
Tales of extinct creatures may be the origin of a lot of mythology
hes right
Simbakubwa didn't exist with humans, it lived millions of years before the earliest human ancestors.
one of those eps where I go “i wanna pet one” understanding it kill me in seconds.
I have often that i quill die trying to pet something i shouldn't. I can relate.
crunch your head like a piece of popcorn
DON'T BOOP THE SNOOT!
The forbidden boop
That name though 😆 as a Swahili speaker, I approve of this. It literally is a sentence with no latinization at all.
It's kind of hard to find new Greek and Latin names for things these days.
Same 😂
ikr
@@lil.tsavage2351 We should do that for all species from now on tbh
@@nicksalvatore5717 yeah it would be hilarious 😂
It's crazy to think that some of the oldest ancestors of humans came about 5 to 7 million years ago so they could have encountered the last of these guys.
"Even the most poweful beasts are no match for a changing world". Love it.
you mentioned it about carnivora, maybe a deeper dive into how it's literally divided into "catlike" and "doglike" (with bears in the middle/only just slightly to the dog side)?
The taxonomic order Carnivora is divided into two suborders: Caniformia, which has dogs, bears, raccoons, weasels, seals etc. and Feliformia which contains cats, hyenas, mongooses, civets etc. . However, “cat-related” and “dog related” are probably better ways of defining them than “catlike” and “doglike”.
@@simonj3413 It's -FORMia for a weird reason: All that separates feline from canine is the shape of the bone shell around their inner ear bones. So each type had its own common ancestor and originated in different areas before conquering the world
Simon J wait, hyenas are closer to cats? To me, they always looked like they were closer to dogs.
@@wyllomygreene7700 most broad taxa tend to use the -formia or -formes suffix
@@rainbowosprey1619 interestingly they are indeed felids. But the misconception is understandable: they look and behave nothing like cats.
I wanna know about evolution of penguins!!!!!
So do I
Yes. 🐧
I believe they took a plane from Madagascar! 🤣😂
christopher martin are you joking?
christopher martin why don’t you believe in evolution?
Everything in the past was so big and more terrifying than today, it’s like we live in a time of small to medium-sized animals.
I wish that when maps are shown of where these discoveries were made, that they would show the continents as they were in the era they were dated to, or show where they were found using a modern globe, then reverse the continental drift to morph the map into its era-appropriate version.
"And it was a hypercarnivore, meaning it got more than 70% of its calories from meat" --- Oh so like my brother!
Watch out, he will eat you
Dont most carnivores get their calories from meat?
Robert Genzman yes but depending on the type of carnivore that’s not their entire diet. Hence why pet food sometimes has grains and vegetables in them. Obligate carnivores like cats have to get nearly all their calories from meat. But dogs bears foxes raccoons can have more varied diets.
The dog food I buy is grain free and based on 100% animal protein.
The only "veggies" in it are the ones in the animals before they got ground up into dog food.
AND it cost far less than what I see on the shelves at pet stores (but some of that cost savings is because I buy in bulk online). So I'm not sure where this "grains & veggies make it cheaper" comes from.
@@Demostravius True. All meat diet is better for dogs, but relatively, dogs can handle non-meat better than cats.
This is the coolest and most educational paleontological youtube channel
Can you do a video about Andrewsarchus please? That thing was a beast!
“becoming the biggest baddest beast in the landscape can have serious consequences when that landscape changes”...
this hits too close to home
Underrated comment
I'd say competition with modern Carnivora had a bigger impact on hyenadonts than climate change. The typical trend with mammal evolution across the fossil record is that the most successful taxa are those that prioritize more complex behaviors and body structures, not physical size and strength. Most of the biggest mammalian carnivores and herbivores in history lived in the earlier epochs of the Cenozoic and had generally simpler body plans than those of later epochs and the present, and the largest modern taxa that ecologically replaced the earlier megafauna usually never repeated the previous size records, despite having plenty of evolutionary time and resources to do so. Even in a environment where there are no preventive obstacles, bigger isn't always better, and the most successful mammals usually evolve towards improving the quality of their mass instead of merely increasing its quantity.
And bigger brain to body size certainly made a difference too
@@bluemanno7901 Brain-to-body size is not a reliable indicator of intelligence; furthermore, it turns out that many hyaenodonts had significantly larger brains relative to body size than previously assumed.
@@bkjeong4302 oh interesting, thanks for the info! I always thought that there's something up with that. I just could never see how a stegosaurus could physically function with such a small brain compared to it's body.
The largest land mammal of all time lived just a few thousand years ago (P. Namadicus), so the herbivore thing isn't really true either.
@@camacakegd3714 untrue, largest known land mammal was paraceratherium (a herbivore) and died off 23 million years ago.
I love her voice. So warm.
I wonder what else about her is warm lol
I wish I could find out how warm it is
👍
@@tashpointohhh Do you think her voice is warmer than yours?
@@dangerdork718 bruh
"What about that shadowy place?"
"That is beyond our borders. You must never go there, Simba."
Why ? THERES HUGE HYENAS WHOSE LOWER JAWS ARE BIGGER THAN OURS
This channel helps me so much with depression.I love you guys,you should upload twice per week.
Please do a video on the history of monotremes!
This
Zaglossus hacketti
Oh yeah!
That would be very interesting. Their lineage is a very long one I believe. I wonder what ancient branches of monotremes looked like!
I got u fam ruclips.net/video/mXD7YOoHpAs/видео.html
Giant badass hyena:*exists*
Climate change:"im gonna end this man's whole career"
They weren't hyenas nor closely related..
They weren't closely related to men (or humans in general either)
@@Alex-fv2qs lololol
This format must end.
Human : exists ..........
I speak Swahili, and the way you said the name of the lion from Africa in swahili made me die in laughter😂😂😂
I cringed a little but hey it’s not their first language.. I’d say “Simba Mkubwa” but scientific name makes Sense I guess 🤷🏿♂️
Why make fun of someone trying their best to pronounce a word from a foreign language? That’s just rude
@@kyzzzz was he making fun of her?
si wangemuita fisi mkubwa
Dude, Africa is one of the only places on Earth where hypercarnivores still roam around!
Could you do a video on the Natodomeri lion and pleistocene big cats or African mega-fauna in general
They say the Natodomeri lion was as big as the American lion
If you're reading this eons please respond thanks
Wait... it’s Tuesday, not Weds. does this mean we get more than one Eons per week?? 😳😁❤️
It's Wednesday here in the Philippines.
I think the early vid is only to make up for releasing a video a day or two late in prior weeks
Maybe they finished work early this week so they can prepare for extra time for the holidays or something. Who knows but I'm pleasantly surprised.
I'll take any one with her.
@@somerandofilipino6957 it is Wednesday my dudes...
These videos literally make my week
That final line is so strong and timely!
It looks like a thylacine in some of the images.
They still exist. One day i will prove it.
The Jazz King check the highlands of Papua New Guinea, they’re likely to be there
@@mdserpents5796
I'll get right onto it.
@@anubusx na down in Tassie I've seen one in the bush stare at me!
In one image it looks like an Andrewsarchus which is supposed to be a carnivorous ovid.
Giant Hyper Carnivorse, interesting. I have learned more from this channel then I have in a long time.
The name of the channel is "PBS Eons"; it would be nice to have a stroll through the eons. Specifically, I would like to see an episode devoted to how the eons, eras, periods and epochs got their names and a little flavor of what characterizes those times. If you watch many episodes, you get a sense of what to expect, but it would be nice to have an episode that ties it all together.
I love how the narrator is presenting the scientific studies as speculation through research vs proven fact. It seems a lot of the time, things are presented as absolute, only to be dubunked at a later date. My hat's off to this lady for the information gathered and the way it was presented.
So much speculation they think they know what they ate, why the are no longer around, and a full body type off a jaw bone!
I think a video on *Sparassodonts* would be really cool.
I wonder how much stuff was discovered and than promptly forgotten about in the vaults and basements of academia
Much more than you'd believe. I watched a show in which a fossil was in a drawer in a museum for over 75 years before it was rediscovered and it was found to be an unknown family of dinosaur.
My boy ray j and raycon supporting pbs! Nice!!
I always get so excited when I see a new video from PBS Eons :)
This Channel teachs me something everyday which is nice!keep it up pbs eons.😃
Looks like a Pokémon
"Even the most powerful animals are no match for a changing world"....in the time of Coronavirus, this makes so much sense but sends chills down the spine. I wonder if some future species of earth will find our remains and talk about homo sapiens like this..
I've thought this same thing before. Seems likely, doesn't it?
I'm so interested in these prehistoric animals because I wonder how much of our mythical creatures are based on them. I think it's really neat.
Thank you PBS Eons. I been waiting for a Creodont video. Now I look forward to covering the rest of Terrestrial Cenozoic predators.
The story of the Beardogs maybe?
I'm just glad our ancestors evolved to live on the open savannah after these huge predators died out. Talk about some lucky timing...
PBS soon gonna post “when dragons roamed the world”
Dragons are real you nonbeliever
@@fallingskies8991 Yeah! Like The Komodo Dragon
@Brandein Gargulio its a bat bird! I love it!
great work... i just learnt about 'Simba Kubwa' as i researched about archeological discoveries in Kenya my country...
You had me at hypercarnivores.
the only notifications i look forward to
"It turns out that becoming the biggest, baddest beast on the landscape can have serious consequences when that landscape suddenly changes"
American financial conglomerates: Hold our champagne
You're awesome! I love your presentation style! Great host for the PBS eons channel!
How else was surprised by the word "hypercarnivore" ???
A hypercarnivore is an animal whose diet is 70% meat. Salmon are hypercarnivores.
@Danang Arif Widodo that means they ate vegans...
i imagine you dont have a cat, then.
*who
I love the videos of the large animals that are extinct
I've recently read some articles about anomalocarids. These fascinating creatures seem to be more well-known than I thought, and they were quite diversified too! One of them seem to have been a filter a bit like whales or whale sharks.
So I thought that I would like to learn more about giant filter feeders that existed in the past. It seems like it's a systematic step in convergent evolution and very different types of animals can develop adaptations to this feeding habit.
*When giant hypercarnivores romed Africa*
3 million minutes ago...
Hypercarnivore is the name of my new metalband.
I'm a Hyper-Mountain-Dew-avore. I can can prove it by how my teeth evolved: I have no teeth.
I love how so many of these stories include grad students rummaging through a museum's storage and finding stuff that's been overlooked
I love when i recognize where my youtube rabit hole will start...here we go
Seeing a Simbakubwa attack a fully grown elephant would have been a terrible sight.
It would of been great if some small creodonts survived into the present
It may be that one of your ancestral hominids wished the opposite were true.
Haha 😂 true
PBS Eons...it makes my day when a new Eons video drops.
“It was not a hyaena “
“It was a hyeanadont”
My brain still in shock after this information 🧠☸️ I think my brain needs to have cpr
That would be so freaky to see in person.
I could only imagine a short thing with a huge jaw waddling at me.
Love paleontology
SAME. It's one of those disciplines that you just start loving from childhood!
WHereTHeWIldTHingsAReNOt plus when I talk about evolution it pisses my local priest off
@@noneofyourbusiness6404 I'm Canadian so we don't have as much Christianity here, but that seems like an interesting convo!
These videos make me think that everything goes extinct, even us eventually
I don't know how i missed this amazing discovery, but i did. So thank you for this video!!
Video about all geological eras of time
That would be crazy to see giant creatures roam around here today
Bruh when said "simba kubwa kutoka Africa" as a Kenyan Iaughed so hard! 😂
Always amazed
"It got more than 70% of its calories from meat"
Me: I can relate to that.
now we wait for vegans to reply to this.
Legend has it Simbakubwa wrapped their kill in bacon before devouring it.
@@ChUwU the vegans all got eaten
*Notice grass in the background on the illustrations
"But grass has only existed for 30million years!"
Actually, there have been grass like phytoliths in fossils as old as 66 million years, grass had been around long before 30 million years ago
I liked how the artists somehow managed to make them look super cute!
Great video. These short documentaries are really cool.
Wasn't Simbakubwa massively oversized due to outdated scaling? The scaling type used yielded 3 tons for Megistotherium IIRC
"It was not a Hyena, it was a Hyaenadont."
Yeah, sounds like a Hyena to me 😂
Uh.. no it dont
Hyaenadont means "hyena tooth." It was not, in fact, a hyena.
🙄
I guess people really are that dense 🤦🏽♂️
I love your voice, the information flows in my mind very smoothly.
*PBS* *Eons* Can you make a extensive video on South/North American *Megafauna* ?
I'm a recent subscriber to this video series and I love it. Your videos are well done, engaging, and easy to follow. Great work!
I would love to see a video done on the Order of Proboscidean, maybe more specifically the family of Elephantidiae, sort of a general overview of its evolutionary origins and transition into the three species we have today.
Thank you!
,💯💯💯. Love this channel. Just Great. *TNX ALOT* 💜♥️♥️💯
0:29 This makes me think of the times I've seen a possum at night and mistook one for an injured cat.
That first picture of it was absolutely chilling
Could you do an episode on the evolution and growth of Australia’s Great Barrier Reef?
How is it that something so massive and relatively young like this has such a scant and fragmentary fossil record yet we have more complete skeletons of microraptor and compsognathus? Can we get a video on how fossilization works and doesn't work?
I would guess because the African savannah isn't an environment that is well suited for fossilization.
Before the body can get buried in sand/silt/sediment/mud/etc... it gets preyed upon by other carnivores and the body gets torn to pieces, which would only leave fragmentary fossils.
Wow, a video comparing carnivorans and creodonts; this channel is the best!
Thanks for posting this video