Andrewsarchus the Giant Hoofed Predator
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- Опубликовано: 18 сен 2019
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credit to ivanbel for the ivanbel for the entelodon skull illistration and Mark Ellison for the andrewsarchus pig like illistration.
Sources:
journals.plos.org/plosone/art...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyloge...
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Who is Andrew Sarchus and why is he the largest hooved predator to have ever lived
Who-All?
Turn off the auto caption and he disappears.😀
1923? Mongolia? Undoubtedly named after Roy Chapman Andrews, the hero of my youth, whose fossil-hunting caravans in the Gobi desert are legendary. But you kids have never heard of him. Educational lacunae.
propane butane you on crack?
@@henrirousseau9541 yes but, uhm, that was a joke, you know, the "who is * name * and why does he * something stupid *" meme... is irony really that unclear? :/
Hooved carnivore ancestors of whales is one of the most fascinating concepts of mammal evolution.
It’s is almost mind blowing to imagine that whales descended from hooved carnivores mammals. The hooves are what blow me away more than anything! How did a hooved species eventually evolve fins?
The Chaoticist they evolved hooves because god didn't like them jacking off because its a sin
@@jacobsaccount9353 probably that's the reason dolphins are actually some kind of perverts
Search i like the way you think man you're a zoologist in the making
Wait that's a whale?!? Wait different creature
"Wasn't he the guy who played Gollum?"
Andrewserkis
@@fishminicat thats the name of a fossil found in 1923
I'm dying xD
Andrew Sarchus sounds more scientific than Andy Serkis.
I thought it was Manuel from Fawlty Towers
Consider this: wolves don't use their claws for attacking prey. Their claws are primarily for traction while running. I think hooves would serve the same purpose, and so wouldn't be a disadvantage - in fact, they might even prove to create an even better cursorial hunter, assuming an animal with a bodyplan facilitating that were to develop.
This may actually be the case with entelodonts, which had very cursorial leg proportions plus other limb adaptations associated with cursoriality.
That's not a 100% good comparison Wolves and Andrewsarchus may have a similar body structure but Wolves are pack hunters and quite intelligent too which means that they can hunt and wear down and a prey together
It is unknown whether Andrewsarchus was a pack hunter given the animals large size though probably it wasn't and I doubt that it possessed the same intelligence as wolves
Most likely it was kleptoparasite
@@jackalhead7433 Not necessarily a kleptoparasite. You don't need to be a pack a hunter to successfully catch a prey, nor you need to be super intelligent (snakes, crocs, gators...aren't the smartest animals around, but they are successful hunters.)
Cats, tigers, leopards, bears...hunt their prey alone. Even a lone wolf is capable to hunt down a prey as long as it is not too big to handle.
@@LeChristEstRoi"Snakes" crocks, gators," Do not have the same body structure with the andrewsarchus and also they occupy a certain ecological niche that's why they are so successful
A lone wolf is still smaller and more agile than an Andrewsarchus thus makes it easier to catch prey and doesn't need that much food to preserve itself plus wolves are also scavengers especially when they are alone and can't successfully hunt bigger prey
@@jackalhead7433 I wasn't saying that snakes, crocs, gators have the same body structure that Andrewsarchus, the point is that an animal doesn't need to be super brainy to be a successful predator, nor it has to hunt in pack to be able to catch and kill something. The brown bear is less agile than the wolf; is stll capable to hunt down preys, the same with polar bears...the anaconda is dumb, bulky and slow as hell, but it can catch deers, pigs...! because as you said those predators may occupy different niches, and/or they may preferentially target different species more adapted to their body structure and capabilities, and/or they have different hunting behaviors and strategies. We can deduce exactly the same about Andrewsarchus. It wasn't intelliygent? Lots of predators aren't that smart and are nonetheless capable to catch preys...it was bulky and somewhat slow? Lots of predators are bulky and slow but they can overcome this by specifically attacking preys which are also slow...or by using ambush tactics. Tigers a slower and have far less stamina than most of their preys...It was a solitary animals? Lots of predators are also solitary...it's exactly the same with this Andrew dude! It could have occupied a niche, adopted specific hunting tactics, preferentially targeted some specific preys species...to overcome its supposed relative slowness, dumbness...or maybe as you wrote it was a lazy kleptoparasite or scavenger.
In modern times, hippos, boars and duikers are ungulates which eat meat. Although, they're more like omnivores. Also, almost all herbivores have been observed eating meat, however rare the behavior might be.
Hans - Preußen Gloria
Rhinos, Horses and Tapirs are Perissodactyls.
Antelope, Deer and bovids are Artiodactyls
Both are called “Odd-toed Ungulates” and “Even-toed Ungulates” respectively.
Hippos are herbivores; they occasionally do eat meat but they have no adaptations for it. Board are true omnivores and are suited to processing both meat and plants.
I used to take care of and occasionally worked a horse, a Clydesdale, that intentionally ate frogs in the field. She did it often enough that I and others saw her doing it on several occasions. She didn't hunt them but if they popped up while grazing, she altered what she was doing and snapped up the frog. Then she would shake her head and make odd grunts before returning to the grazing.
Another farmer told me that he had seen a mule that did the same thing.
I found it quite disgusting the first time I saw old Cranky eat a frog. Crank had a well deserved name so I said nothing to her.
Well if we go far enough back with any herbivorous lineages, they all have carnivorous and omnivorous ancestors, so the behavior is probably still hard wired, plus protein is protein.
tell that to a vegetarian.
If the ecosystems last that long after man, I wonder what clades of killers will arise from feral pigs.
Feral pigs may not inherit the world, but there was once ''terror pigs'' like daeodons
Feral pigs are killers enough for me, thanks.
Don't want to think about how their design could be "improved" on.
They just become orcs at some point
Bears will inherit the land
@@daviegoodtimes If the world turns into forest or tundra, but not otherwise.
I've been dying for new things to be discovered about this animal, I hope it happens in my lifetime.
I wish it were possible to go back in time in some kind of temporal bubble to see what they looked like. All these prehistoric animals are very intriguing!
If they were behaving like Wolves, not having claws wouldn't have an effect for Wolves mainly use their jaws to hunt.
Ramdomness: Your not giving any credit to wolf claws being excellent traction devices during chase of prey.
@@willyam9735 something that could apply to hooves as well.
They were not behaving like wolves.
They would probably live a lifestyle closer to a brown bear, mostly solitary.
@@garethbaus5471hoofed animals requires themselves not to run all the time so their hoofed won't wear out horribly
With a jaw like that who needs claws especially the size of that animal.
Said once by a T. Rex.
You can kill a buffalo with one bite 😂
T. Rex: ok.
With such a large skull one could deduce it would have had an incredible jaw strength. This would fall in line with scavengers like the hyena, being able to consume bone marrow...
Hyenas don't scavenge more than any other predator. They eat marrow because there's so many mouths to feed in each clan. Early naturalists called them scavengers because they appeared to be scavenging off of lion kills. More research revealed lions were stealing hyena kills and forcing hyenas to scavenge off of their own kills. Though if the opportunity arises hyenas would gladly steal a kill from lions.
Scavenging is a terrible way to find food. Vultures fly hundreds of miles a day looking for carcasses. A true scavenger is an animal that can cover long distances and survive off of very little food.
Such a weird and fascinating animal. It is one of those "I really wish I could have a glimpse of it while it was alive" type of animals.
Agreed. But a glimpse would be good enough !
Honestly not even in my top 50
From a distance of course.
..wonder what they smell like
Really? For me almost all of the extinct animals are those who I would really like to see it when it was alive
I doubt the lack of claws posed much trouble for mesonychids. Wolves and hyenas have claws, but rely entirely on their jaws to capture and kill prey, so why not mesonychids?
Yeah, i was about to point this out too.
Also when bears use their paws to attack their prey they tend to simply bludgeon.
Mostly it's just felines that utilize their claws extensively when taking down prey.
I think their variation of hooves, like the wolves' version of claws, were meant for traction to the ground when running.
@@1erickf50 Cheetahs don't have retractable claws and if anyone needs to grip the ground it is them accelerating to 100 km/h. I agree.
It's quite possible they used their hooves to bludgeon and break bones in their prey as well. Many modern hoofed mammals use their hooves in similar manner defensively; it's not impossible Andrewsuchus might've used them offensively.
@@MXB2001 the same could be said about hooves and pronghorn(which are roughly as fast as cheetahs)
I would bet money that this animal was very fast for its size.
45mph like a bear I would think
Caleb Palappillil bears can run at about 35mph in short bursts. That’s why it’s recommended that you play dead when you see one instead of running because it will most certainly catch up to you and kill you.
Caleb Palappillil tell that to the lions and cheetahs which can run up to 50 mph and 75 mph. Or the greyhounds which can run at a whopping 45 mph. Or like the other guy said, the bears which can run up to 35 mph, and they can keep that speed for miles.
@@neptuneai8168 true, I guess I SHOULD say 60-75 mph.
@@neptuneai8168 idk, name me 1 other primate that can run up to 20 mph
Considering how much of a nightmare our physiology is I’d say we’re doing okay lmao
"largest mammalian carnivore to have ever lived"
Blue whale* Am I a joke to you?
Largest mammalian carnivore to have lived on land...
@@harsha1989able he said largest mammalian carnivore to have ever lived he did not specify where
@@reptikrookgaming6227 But Blue whale shouldn't be considered a carnivore! More like a Krillavore lol
@@neptuneai8168 Sperm whales are actually more related to hippos than other whales, Or atleast from what i've heard.
Also orcas are dolphins. (but i googled that one so i'm still not sure if it's factual)
@@buddythemoth all cetaceans descend from a common ancestor, what you learnt is incorrect. Modern whales are divided into mysticetus (the order of baleen cetaceanslike blue whale, humpback, etc) and odontoceti, (the order of toothed cetaceans like dolphins, beluga, sperm whales, etc.)
Orca is indeed a dolphin as it belongs to the family delphinidae under odontocitus.
One of those cases of, "if only we had more fossil evidence". I've always found the beasts of the Eocene to be much more interesting than their Dinosaurs predecessors, funny that most people are completely unaware of the "Terror" birds and pigs, not to mention the Hyaenodonts.
Right the Eocene has a lot of weird stuff. I wish were I live I want to see how they work. How they fit in with ecology.
I think the terror birds and "hell pigs" etc. are quite well known tbh.
>claws may be overrated
I mean, the most successful land predator not only has no claws, but no natural weapons of any kind.
Opposable Thumb gang unite
why have claws when you have *weird front toe*
We make punch with fist
Unless the brain could be considered a natural weapon.
Our body structure and spatial awareness is made perfect for hurling projectiles.
The problem with most entelodont depictions is that based on its skull Andrewsarchus was more basal, ie had not the derived pig-like body structure of an entelodont
I went to high school with Andrew Sarchus , he was a confused kid . Never really knew where he fit in ...
I'm only here because my name is Andrew and I was curious.
Did the curiosity pay off?
@@mothlightmedia1936 My life has never been the same since
`MeloAndy.: Andrewcurious the giant `MeloAndy predator.
I had a friend named andrew when I was a kid and came across this guy in a encyclopedia book
My name is Andrew too
The best aspect of vertebrae evolution
...is that every lineage of ..."Thing" has a form-fit "Thing"...that once occupied a position, that all of today's "Things" currently maintain.
Sprinting Crocodilians...Flying Reptiles... Ambushing Horse-Morphs
...Life has truly got it all
"... claws might be just overrated."
My tired brain imagined Andrewsarchus plinking arrows & lobbing javelins
Am I the only one that finds prehistoric mammals more interesting than dinosaurs?
Nope! Count me in too.
'Closely related to cows'
*draws it like a wolf*
What!?
They don't look like cows because they aren't cows. Closely related doesn't mean they look the same.
A lot of the more hippo-y ones were shown too, which is the kind of integument you see on many reconstructions of entelodonts. If it was more of an active carnivore it may have had more carnivore-esque coloration for the same kind of camouflage, and if it was a sort of basal, somewhat smaller relative of them in a group where fur is basal and lost in the more derived relatives that are either more aquatic or bigger, then one of the contributing factors to a superficially wolflike appearance is probably still justified. The thumbnail picture may be going off of the mesonychid-y proportions though.
Convergent evolution
I love your videos so much!! Please keep making them. Are you a university student or anything?
10 de março de 2020.
@@pedrocampos1787 ué
Ah Mesonychids in general and Andrewsarchus in particular - Such disappointing creatures!
-It's disappointing they are gone when they came so close - who doesn't like the idea of a predatory sheep?
-It's disappointing that Andrewsarchus was probably more like a hell pig than a gigantic hoofed wolf.
-It's horribly disappointing that whales would seem to be sea-hippos which sadly means the Mesonychians really are gone for good.
Still ...awesome animals. (there's an fantastic if rather out of date reconstruction of Andrewsarchus in one of Holland's excellent museums)
not a mesonychid
I love the more generic lessons that sometimes or hidden in your videos. For example, your explanation of inductive reasoning was very helpful for me. It long confused me how scientist determine the look of an extinct animal if only a few bones are found
Informative and professional. Good video!
Another lovely beasty from the past.👍
from?
This is why RUclips is awesome, knowledge is power!
Yeah! Wish more people would make videos like this.
Andrewsarchus is ancestor of goat and sheeps. It is unbelievable that once upon a time,the animals on the our food tables were ruling and dominating the world
I’ve been fascinated by hippo evolution too. Thank you
Thank you for putting the names in the video and when you didn’t you said something else like hell pigs. Please make more of your videos like this
1:19 Crocodiles roaming on land is some nightmare shit.
Love these uploads!!
thank you
Amazing video. Thank you for good time.
Yeah
8k subs in how many days! Love the content glad the algorithm showed me you’r channel
6:03 The largest land predator in the world is a bear, yes. But it's also a polar bear; a purely carnivorous species.
Half a scull produces guess of hooves?
Since all it's close relatives have hooves it'd propably had too
3:10
I find this very interesting.
oh-Yeeep?
How do they know Andrewsarchus had hooves if they only found a skull. I hope they find the rest of this strange beasts remains soon
It's an assumption based on what it's closest evolutionary relatives looked like.
You would be surprised with how much of paleonthology is composed of assumptions.
@@miguelmontenegro3520 Exactly. The bulk of it is pretty much just pure fantasy.
I’d call it “Educated Guessing” genetics research has helped narrow things down a bit over the last few decades.
@@miguelmontenegro3520 not only paleontology, Don’t get me started on the fantasy land of modern Astrophysics!
You know you've done a great job if the like to dislike ratio is 331:1. I haven't seen a ratio like that in any genre of video.
see?
As of this comment, the ratio is 9.6k : Dislike.
@@user-1281 How do you know that?
If they are only known by the skull, how is it known they had hooves?
We assume them because their close relatives had them.
Damn, Andy Serkis plays an awful lot of roles...
If I owned a pet Andrewsarchus he'd have to be called Andy by default.
A wolf in sheep’s clothes - a quote from a documentary about Andrewsharchus
Love these videos. Have you thought of making some longer ones about certain topics? A good half hour video on an epoch, or something like that?
I'm not opposed to doing that, I might run a poll to see what video lengths people prefer.
@@mothlightmedia1936 I like the short videos, but it would be cool to have a more in-depth one every now and then, even if it means a longer wait between uploads
Is anyone else in love with the little *plonk* noise in the intro where the tiktaalik jumps in the water?
Great nickname for my son Andrew when he throws a tantrum 😂
Love the new intro
Andrew Sarchus looks like my Librarian when watching RUclips forgetting I was listening to music on my Speaker hours ago…. Mean As Fuck.
Such awesome creatures that once lived!!
Imagine being chased down by that thing. 1:18 . I mean modern crocodiles can already chase you down on land as it is, never mind that cheetah looking thing.
Humans wouldn’t last long.
@@ciscotx74 we killed off the last crocs in Australia bruh
@@marcuscole1994 with high grade weapons
@@K.Pershing no we killed off land crocs in Australia
@@marcuscole1994 land crocs????
Love your videos 😍
But they’re a bit quiet to be honest.
I would love if you would crank up the sound a notch! Dont get me wrong. I love This kind of product on This medium! You’re one of the best RUclipsrs that does These kinds of videos! Thank you! Pls keep it up 💪🏻❤️❤️
You don't have a volume control?
Thank you, and no problem easily fixed
I too have trouble hearing the narration.
@@mothlightmedia1936
DON'T.!!!
This is serious scholar work, NOT amusement park
comedy.!!!
Let's be serious, no college, or university, classes are accompanied with music.!!!
Be SERIOUS, STAY SERIOUS.
Kudos to you.!!
Keep up the good work.!!!
AND, PLEASE, PLEASE, NO FRIGGING, OUT OF CONTEXT, "MUSIC". !!!!!!!!!
love this
10 de março de 2020.
From all these factors I think the one at 5:33 is the most accurate depiction of it.
Great video sir
Thank you I appreciate it
Interesting video thank you
Whatever took them scientist so long ?
First thing I thought:
" big carnivorous skull + hooves = Entelodont "
And those never had a problem becoming successful on hooves either !
They were showering
Except the skull looks nothing like an enteladont skull. Looks more like an early whale skull
Awesome!
HAT?
Canids don't really use their claws as hunting weapons do they? Only as incidental weapons in intra-specific conflict, and as tools for grooming and digging
I think it's more likely that ancestral artiodactyls were a grade of hooved carnivores or perhaps omnivores- giving rise to mesonychids, andrewsarchus, whippomorpha, etc...some lineages of which evolved omnivory and then herbivory. Herbivory is a more specialized trait than carnivory so it makes sense the ancestral animals would be carnivores- it's harder to reverse specialization. This is supported by the fact that ungulate relatives, Ferae, are also carnivores, and different herbivorous artiodactyls like tylopoda, ruminantia, etc have different mechanisms of fermentation.
In general the obsession with monophyletic groups and synapomorphies leaves out the information carried by evolutionary grades...it's a mistake
If I was a boomer I’d be addicted to pharmaceutical muscle relaxers, but I’m not a boomer, so I listen to these moth light videos and feel like warm butter
Fun Fact - Hooves are just finger/toe nails on a grandiose scale
Amazing
I thought he was named after the CGI Actor Andy Serkis. “My precious!”
Great visuals in this video and well-done! I’m not convinced claws are overrated, yet, given that the improved grappling ability they provide may allow smaller predators to exploit proportionally larger prey- better able to weather famine at a smaller size 😉 but larger predators are awesome
I would so much be a patron but I'm poor keep up the great job!
Question. If Andrewsarchus is only known from a single skull fossil then how do we know it had hooves? This leads me to ask, assuming you have the answer here (I am sure you do), if there is room for a video on such things in the fossil record; how we identify and classify fossils when incomplete.
Its just very likely to have had hooves based on the animals it was related to. But I agree, I think this topic could make a good video with more examples
past-all?
What most people don't realize is so much of paleontology is just guesswork! An exercise in imagination as well. And so often really, incredibly... wrong.
Palaeontology would be a lot easier if genes could be acquired from fossils.
So youre telling me that, that one thumblr post about horses with dog faces might actually be historically accurate...?
I'd just call him Andrew.
How could you pass up an opportunity to use the word "whippo"?
“Giant Hoofed Preadator.” Well you know what they say about big feet.
I'm suprised there isn't any mention of walking with beasts and how it was given the best description ever - a sheep in wolf's clothing
If all we have to go on is its very large skull... how can we possibly surmise anything else about it, including that is was allegedly hooved?
Kinda makes sense how the giant all terrain force of nature with the taste for flesh is named Andrew
Well within the Entelodons the head proportionally became bigger over time. So Andrewsarsuchus might still be really large.
..would love to of seen all these beautiful animals
Here's where they lose me, if they only have one skull to work from, how do they know what kind of feet it had?
I know I'm late but do canidae use their claws while hunting? Because if not a hoofed predator is not so strange after all
Not really, wolves don't use them as much, foxes sometimes use them to hold the prey but they are specialised towards smaller prey.
Splendid
"Wow, what a badass looking animal. What's it called?"
"Andrew... fuckin' Andrewsarchus."
I mean, canines don’t particularly hunt with their claws, so not that far fetched (no dog pun intended lol)
I hope that more definitive Andrewsarchus fossils are found.
Having been fascinated by land dwelling whale ancestors, I had a haunch that the featured ancient animal was a relative of pakicetus, and I was right. Whale lineage has an odd long skull
what is that european land crocodile named?
That's manbearpig right there!
I love speculation but in fact there is very little chance that most of this type of speculation is entirely or even mostly correct which has been proven in this video and the in excess of thousands of other "discoveries."
I also loved the original depiction of Andrewsaurcus. I love the idea it had hooves. However there is no proof that the animal could not had fins (which I would hate) instead of legs.
We can deduce upto its family... Eg: If giraffes went extinct and they found only it's skull, they may not be able to guess the long neck but they will be able to guess it's hoofed legs.
Andrewsarchus would make living in rural areas terrifying
Me a 36 year old man named Andrew...hey cool this big animal has the same name as me that's sooooo awesome. Really brings out the 5 year old in me.
Andrew Sarchus keep asking me what colour is my Brachiosaur
Yes Andrewsarchus! That's what I'm talking about!
If you've played spore, you know that this is just god testing out the clop trop foot-
Not only are claws overrated, they're pretty much in the minority in terms of implements used for hunting.
Ikr! You have no idea how annoying a Golden Eagle is until you give them a job as a secretary. All day long, "Screech" * clack, clack clack, clack*
The thumbnail is a warthog, dog, tiger, hyena, and wolf combined
So... what is this creature?
Paleontologists : Yes.
Claws may not be necessary if you have a super nasty, over-sized head, that can just smunch the hell out of anything, without gripping.
Note that pigs can become quite carnivorous. They will definitely eat your chickens, no claws needed. If you threw a rabbit or a deep into the pig pen, they would eat those as well -- again, no claws required. Because big, very strong, crunching head.
Andrewsarchus strikes me as sort of a pig analogue -- a big, athletic, relatively high-endurance pig.
what were the longed legged European crocodiles called?
Andrewsarchus the largest carnivorous mammal? Let me introduce you to Balaenoptera musculus, another Artiodactyl, and in this case somewhat closely related to Andrewsarchus. It's from the Quaternary not the Eocone, and it can reach 30 meters in length.
A literal wolf in sheep's clothing
no
I've got a pet mini pig and when she steps on you it hurts like hell. The hooves might not be good for gripping or cutting prey but I imagine they could blugeon an animal to death. Deer sometimes use their hooves this way.