Not really. The point is that there is no line to draw. Only dialect is a linguistically useful concept, with mutual intelligibility a metric over dialects, while only language is a politically useful concept, carving the social world up by domains of language bureaux just as the physical world is carved up by domains of tax bureaux.
Every Indian and Pakistani I meet always claims to be trilingual. I ask what languages they speak? "Hindi, Urdu and English" They look so proud too but when I ask "So when did you learn Urdu and when did you learn Hindi" they have no answer or they saw they learned it at the same time lmfao
@spoopyscaryskelebones3846 Every Indian and Pakistani I meet always claims to be trilingual. I ask what languages they speak? "Hindi, Urdu and English" They look so proud too but when I ask "So when did you learn Urdu and when did you learn Hindi" they have no answer or they saw they learned it at the same time lmfao
i'm indian and i told my parents once that urdu and hindi are the same language and they were so offended. this was WHILE we were watching pakistani news in urdu (our old tv setup got a few pakistani channels) and we could all perfectly understand everything they were saying. wild experience.
Good for them for getting upset at your ignorant statement. Urdu and Hindi aren’t the same, they have notable differences in their original form, Urdu being 25% loan words from Persian. Not to mention their written form which is obviously unintelligible from one another.
@BeeryAngel i mean as a pakistani i have a bit of a hard time udnerstanding hindi - it might be because of the accent though. and i cant udnerstand it written out.
"A speaker of Norwegian and a speaker of Swedish usually have no trouble communicating..." Of course, both have trouble communicating with the Danish. The Danish language being, of course, a dialect of toddler babbling.
@@ethanodell8044 True, but if a speaker, speaks slow and both have a genuine willingness to understand eachother then it'll be all fine. But of course, there are words that differ but they are pretty easy to catch up with and just a little bit of exposure to the other languages and you'll be able to understand :) (Dane living in Sweden)
3:26 as a serb i always say these are all the same language. we have a joke here mocking the fact that these are all the same language but refer to them as their own thing. you say you speak many languages, and then you start listing them: serbian, bosnian, croatian, montenegrin... it's the same thing as saying you speak 4 languages and then you say american, british, canadian, and australian, all of them being just english
While some Arabs speak their dialect, Standard Arabic, other dialects (usually Egyptian) and can't say they speak 3-4 languages 😢 but they compensate by learning English, French, and another foreign language 😁 (in Tunisia, we learn up to 3 foreign languages in school)
That's an (ab)used quote from the linguist Max Weinreich, describing languages in a European context and his Euro(centric) worldview. It doesn't account for a country like China, which fits roughly nine Europes into it and was an empire much like Rome with many different ethnolinguistic groups even within the Han. The assertion that you need military to form a language is an outdated scholarly and academic concept. It's an anachronism because many West African states and native American tribes have separate languages, the modern definition is based on mutual intelligibility. US English is not a separate language from UK English or Australian English. There are 7,100 to 7,164 languages and only 206 UN recognized nation states. How do you account for that? You can't, because the quote was made by an ignoramus.
My grandparents can't even understand Mandarin and they're native to Guangdong (where Cantonese is spoken), it gets even crazier when neither Cantonese nor Mandarin are mutually intelligible with Hakka, Teochew, Shanghainese, or Min Taiwanese
@@timothynatanaelsebastian6536Teochew and Taiwanese min are both dialects of SOUTHERN MIN. And even then they're about as different as Russian and Ukranian Source: speak both
I went to class with a Bosnian guy for some time. He once spoke in his native language from Bosnia, so I asked him what it was. He simply called the language "Yougoslavian", so apparently there are some people who don't care as much, at least among people I've met who don't live in the region.
It's quite unusual to refer to the language as Yugoslav... we either use our ethnic names, or just 'naši' or 'naški' (ours). As far as I can remember, that was so even before 1991. The term 'Serbo-Croatian' was official back then, but artificial and, I'd say, uncommon in everyday speech.
@jonistan9268 In fact, I did hear that in the 1980s, but exclusively from some very small children who apparently concluded that since the country was Yugoslavia, the language must be Yugoslavian :D
@jonistan9268 As a speaker of a far more obscure (and distinct!) dialect of serbo-croatian (Burgenland-croatian), I like to call our shared language Yugoslavian, I feel like the term better represents the speakers since it refers to all Yugoslav people.
@davidmandic3417 Serbo-Croatian is still the only correct linguistical name of that pluricentric language, all others like Serbian, Croatian etc... are nothing more than dialects of that language, they are not separate or independent languages on their own right. But our ultranatiolistic politicians (criminals would be more precise definition) do not like that simple and scientific fact he he he thus we have such "confusion". So Serbo-Croatian is not artificial term, it designates geographical distribution since both Serbia and Croatia are its outer language borders and all in between like Bosnia and Montenegro belong to this language area too.
6:20 It has to be mentioned that while Hindi and Urdu use different scripts, speakers of both languages largely use Latin scripts on internet. This combined with the influence of English means the already small language barrier is even smaller than the past.
The fact that there's actually more basis for American English and British English to be considered different languages than there is for Croatian and Bosnian is WILD (the former is actually more divergent than the latter)
Thanks to the internet, my dialect happens to be a random Mish mash of the two due to listening to so much of the two. Even for individuals, the understanding of a single language can vary a fair bit.
The reason of that is because the linguistic professors were forced to add words and grammar rules of all the 3 people in the Bosnian language. If the Bosnian language just had Bosniak words, it would have such a huge difference. They have no idea what an armerun is, fikra, dzehilnost, and sadly after teaching our youth a bastardized croatian they dont know either what those words mean.
@@aarohalme1020, This is a great natural way to maintain the unity of a language, by averaging out the dialectal differences. Many people have heard that there are several dialects of Brazilian Portuguese, but due to the internet, most people simply pick up a little bit of each dialect.
Literally, some Arabic speakers can only communicate if they speak in the written form of standard (i.e. based on classical Arabic spoken 1000+ years ago)
Ok that's a bit too overblown. Yes Arabic dialects from geographically distant regions can be very different but that can be easily overcome by speaking slower (I swear Moroccans talk at lightspeed) and dropping the loan words (maghrebi dialects tend to have loan words from french due to colonial past and similarly for levantine dialects with Turkish and english)
@@probium2832 they do speak the same language, just not the same words. the word "want" for example has dozens of synonyms. an arabic speaker wouldn't know them all. think of it as queue in uk and line in usa, except in arabic, there would be like 30+ words for it and each one would be used in one dialect only.
@@mrbilter83Bro why are you bashing the moroccan dialect like that, we talk at a pretty moderate pace. Altough ngl there are alot of difference between fusha and darija, mainly because of the french/spanish/amazigh influence.
Every Indian and Pakistani I meet always claims to be trilingual. I ask what languages they speak? "Hindi, Urdu and English" They look so proud too but when I ask "So when did you learn Urdu and when did you learn Hindi" they have no answer or they saw they learned it at the same time lmfao
THANK YOU for shedding light on Italian languages, many Italians believe them to be just uncultured versions of standard Italian. In schools we are taught that they are just inferior dialects of italian and even regional cadences are sometime stigmatized, sadly only in later years people are rediscovering the importance of regional history and culture
it is such a propaganda and unscientific approach what Italian school systems teaching pupils about their own country and linguistical super reach diversity in 21st century! But hey, when Italy unified it was inspired with France and we know how really bad, ultranationalistic and self pomped that culture is and how much effort was invested to destroy all regional languages there so no surprises.
That's very similar to how a lot of people within China think of Sinitic languages other than standard Mandarin. I think China at this point is trying to accomplish what the French and then the Italian governments of the past did while in the process of natin-building, by emphasizing the importance of a shared "national language" to promote national unity. Interestingly, when the Republic of China first became a thing, there was actually a bit of a culture war over whether Mandarin or Cantonese would be the "national language" because both had significant political influence and a lot of speakers.
Every Indian and Pakistani I meet always claims to be trilingual. I ask what languages they speak? "Hindi, Urdu and English" They look so proud too but when I ask "So when did you learn Urdu and when did you learn Hindi" they have no answer or they saw they learned it at the same time lmfao
omg i have a similar thing to share - I'm a sylheti person hailing from Sylhet, a district in Bangladesh. My brother has done a lot of research into this and that's where I learnt this from- When we look at Bangladesh, it's considered that the entire country speaks 'dialects' of bengali, and the standard bengali is considered to be our official language. however, research makes you realise that the government created a unified language , derived mainly from the language that was used by the rich and powerful, to create 'shuddho' (meaning 'pure)' bengali. when we look at other lesser liked and discouraged 'dialects' of bengali, such as sylheti, chittangongiya (spoken in chittagong), kumilla bengali, etc, and you trace their lineage and their differences, it's very obviously different languages. sylheti is being muddled with 'shuddho' bengali in an effort for people to sound more 'literate' and formal. the sylheti writing script has almost disappeared, and 99% didn't even know that it ever existed- because they belive sylheti to be a dialect of spoken bengali, and consider all 'dialects' of bengali to only have one written script.
@@debodatta7398you spamming this everywhere makes me think you are in fact not asking this question to every Indian or Pakistani you meet... bot behaviour
If you ever plan to make a part 2 of this, you should consider including Malay (Bahasa Melayu) and Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia). These two languages are so similar that a Malaysian and an Indonesian could effortlessly have a full conversation without any proper education of the other's language. It's like the linguistic equivalent of Hindi and Urdu-historically a single language, but split into two later on. The split happened in 1928 during the Second Youth Congress (Kongres Pemuda II) in Batavia (present-day Jakarta), when Indonesian nationalists decided to adopt a standardized form of Malay (specifically the Johor-Riau dialect) and renamed it to "Bahasa Indonesia" to forge a distinct national identity for the new nation. Even though the two languages have grown apart a bit, especially in vocabulary due to the influence from local languages in Indonesia (e.g. Javanese, Sundanese, Madurese, etc.), they're still practically identical. I was born in Malaysia and never formally learned Indonesian, yet I can still understand nearly every single word they say. To us Malaysians, Indonesian often sounds like the formal/standard Malay we're taught at school, just a little bit more 'unique' sounding, especially by how they pronounce some words. In conclusion, Malay and Indonesian shouldn't be classified as seperate languages. Edit: I forgot to mention this, but the influence of colonial powers also played a role in the slight vocabulary differences between Malay and Indonesian. Indonesia, having been under Dutch rule, adopted more Dutch loanwords into its language. In contrast, Malaysia, having been under British rule, adopted more English loanwords. Even so, we can still understand each other extremely well.
@@noname-vp6vf Definitely! Most of the time, Indonesians and Sabahans pronounce the words like how they're spelt, so it's really not that hard to understand each other. On the other hand, most Malay dialects like Central Malay (K.L, Selangor, etc.) and Southern Malay (Johor, Melaka, etc.) have weird pronunciations on certain words. 😁😁 For example, whenever a word ends with 'a', they pronounce it as a schwa.
Malaysian mix Indonesian here! Up! Yeah, Malaysian and Indonesian language is merely political. Just like Serbs, Bosniaks, Croats and Montenegran (or whatev), we Malaysians and Indonesian will make sure you know the language is distinct🤣 If Sabahan, Kelantanese and (Strait) Malay can adopt one language, If Javanese, Sundanese, Madurese, Acehnese, Buginese can adopt one official language, I know Malaysia and Indonesia can!
Afrikaans doesn’t exist. I remember researching Wikipedia for school and the first option for language was Afrikaans. I always thought it was some sort of joke because it’s literally Dutch but the words are spelt like how a 4 year old would spell it.
I have been speaking Afrikaans my whole life. It's a distinct language that's been developing separately from Dutch for centuries. Many Malay, Portuguese, and Bantu influences. The grammar is pretty different (for example, we almost always use perfect past tense), and Afrikaans has gone through a significant vowel shift.
@@aspookyeel I don't have any problem with Dutch people. Most of them are really nice. It's English people who should watch out when making fun of Afrikaans.
As a Chinese that knows Canto and Mandarin, I can confirm that all "dialects" are in fact separate languages. For example, my mother's family speaks a dialect of Min, yet I cannot make out a WORD they are saying.
As an Indian I'm really fascinated how despite having so many languages in China, only Mandarin is the official one. Wish it was so simple in India too
@@mr.commenter7953 Bro here is my opinion as a Chinese dude: 1) All of the Chinese dialects/languages have similar grammars and vocabs (regional variation still exists though). Major difference is the pronunciation. But Chinese writings (characters) separates pronunciation and meaning so even if people can't talk to each other, they can still communicate by writing the same Chinese characters. 2) Of course, nowadays everyone in the young generation knows standard Mandarin. 3) At high level, ALL chinese dialects/languages converge to classical Chinese, with the same sets of classical literature that can be studied and understood by anyone who can read Chinese characters. In other words, the Chinese dialects/languages lack the cultural independence to be categorized as separate languages despite being phonetically different. This is opposite to Urdu/Hindi, which are linguistically the same language but at the high level, urdu and hindi diverge to Persian/Arabic and Sanskrit respectively. 4) Mandarin is the national language, but in the minority regions (Mongolian, Zhuang, Tibetan, Yi, Kazakh, Uyghur, Hmong, etc), minorities languages specific to those regions are also the official language alongside with Mandarin with their own publications, TV shows, etc that are distinct from Chinese. I have a feeling that foreigners often underestimates the sheer cultural diversity of China, which is actually comparable to the diversity in India.
@@mr.commenter7953 The difference is that the Chinese languages are all closely related, whereas in India the Dravidian languages are very different. As far as I understand, China is sort of like north India only (vs north + south India)
@@yizhao3633 "regional variation" may be an accurate description when translating something like a formal text, but comparing the vernaculars directly it's very easy to find much greater divergence. for example the sentence "Are these things theirs?" in cantonese: 呢啲嘢係咪佢哋嘅？ compared to mandarin: 這些東西是不是他們的？ -- not a single character is the same! this isn't to mention grammatical elements such as definite articles, sentence final particles etc. that are unique to cantonese. 唔緊要囉，個任務已經做晒啫嘛。sentences like this can't be directly translated to mandarin without losing some of the meaning.
My Hindi and Urdu friends speak to each other in their tongues and have no trouble understanding each other. They even talk to Punjabi and Gujarati people and seem to have no trouble understanding them despite not using the same language.
gujarati and punjabi are much harder to understand but we get like 50% of it lmfao when we speak to other hindustani speakers as long as you don't use big formal words it's very easy to communicate
urdu in it's pure form is barely mutually intelligible with hindi. only the sentence structure is the same. equivalent words are often very different. urdu has mostly persian, arabic and original urdu words with a few hindi words sprinkled in. hindi is mostly sanskrit in its pure form.
@@meesamkhan4767 Hindi and Urdu are never spoken in pure form in day-to-day life. Just to make these two "same languages" different, Urdu has been "Persianized" and Hindi has been "Sanskritized". But that's only for literature or formal usage. Common people speak almost the same language.
@@MrWide-ht9rp It’s too jarring, usually videos have a proper conclusion and don’t end on a question. Or the music fades out. Something to indicate the video is over
My favorite example is Persian. Dari, Farsi and Tajik are just one language. Far more similar than how Hindi and Urdu are similar (a lot of nouns and verbs are very different in the two languages, with Hindi being much more heavily influenced by Sanskrit as opposed to Persian). Dari, Farsi and Tajik are essentially indistinguishable.
I heard that Dari is more conservative than Farsi and Tajik, and Tajik undoubtedly has Russian influence due to Tajikistan being a former Soviet republic.
Sanskrit (& some derivatives adapting sam words) borrowed from Persian (or Persian borrowed from Sanskrit to be politically correct) some words - "ab" for water (Punjabi adapted & calls her region as Panch-ab or Punjab, land of five rivers) or "sthan" for a place. Sthan has no Islamic pedigree but an ancient "Sanatan" word and Arabs don't call theirs as Arabstan but some Hindi/Urdu speakers do..
A native speaker of Kazakh language here. Recently I've seen a tiktok video, i thought it was in Kazakh but seems like it was in Karakalpak language, I realized it in the end only. Nogai language sounds like Kazakh with some weird lisp, still completely understandable. Kyrgyz language sounds like drunk Kazakh to me (and Kazakh sounds like girlish Kyrgyz to them) and I need 5 minutes of exposure to start understanding it well. Completely understandable in written form, apart from few words
Қарақалпақтар сөйлегенде қазақшадан айнымайды,тек -дар-дер,-тар-тер орнына бір -лар жалғайтын секілді😂 Қателеспесем,ноғай,қарақалпақ және қазақ тілдері түркі отбасының ішінде қыпшақ тармағын құрайды. Өзбек пен ұйғыр қарлұқ тармағын,ал түрікмен тілі түрік пен әзірбайжан тілімен бірге оғыз тармағын құрайды. Қырғыз,татар,башқұрт тілдерін я қыпшақ деп санайды,я бөлектеді. Ең оқшау түркі тілдеріне чуваш,якут кіреді.
Every Indian and Pakistani I meet always claims to be trilingual. I ask what languages they speak? "Hindi, Urdu and English" They look so proud too but when I ask "So when did you learn Urdu and when did you learn Hindi" they have no answer or they saw they learned it at the same time lmfao
I was taught to speak Sicilian since childhood, my parent's dialect is from the province of Palermo. Later on, I learned Italian in school. I had always been led to believe that Sicilian was a dialect of Italian until I was explained that Sicilian is a language and was one of the oldest literary traditions of all the languages and dialects of Italy. In fact, during the Middle Ages, Sicilian poetry was read throughout the Italian peninsula. Later as he explained, Tuscan became the more common language. The Sicilian spoken today are provincial variants of the original Sicilian language.
Every Indian and Pakistani I meet always claims to be trilingual. I ask what languages they speak? "Hindi, Urdu and English" They look so proud too but when I ask "So when did you learn Urdu and when did you learn Hindi" they have no answer or they saw they learned it at the same time lmfao
4:52 actually that's incorrect, Serbian (and Montenegrin which, unlike the other varieties, has no official recognition anywhere outside of areas of Montenegro) is written in the latin script as well, these days it's actually more common to read serbian texts in latin than it is to read them in cyrillic since most signs, books, websites and messages online are written in latin for convenience, out of the habit of the writers (why switch to a cyrillic keyboard if you wanna write sth in serbian and then back to the latin one for English when you can use the latin one for both) or for inclusivity with the other ex-yugos. This last one is usually done by writers since standard serbian in latin barely has any differences compared to standard croatian, they're comparable to the differences between British "colour" and American "color" and how British people use "pavement" while Americans use "sidewalk". Tho I must note that this only applies to STANDARD serbian and STANDARD croatian which are both based on the SAME Shtokavian dialect, aka. the east Herzegovian sub-dialect, there are other Nashki/Serbo-Croatian dialects that are not nearly as mutually intelligible as the standard varieties are such as Chakavian, Kaikavian and Torlakian of which the last one, Torlakian, is a transitional dialect between standard Serbo-Croatian and standard Bulgarian and Kaikavian is a transitional dialect between standard Serbo-Croatian and standard Slovene. Basically The language is called Serbo-Croatian (colloquially called "Nashki") and is based on the Shtokavian dialect. Its varieities are: Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian. Its dialects are: Shtokavian, Kaikavian, Chakavian and Torlakian.
Never seen Štokavski Kajkavski and Čakavski written in English. Also I thought Serbs use Kajkavian not Shtokavian? Also for foreigners Nashki or Naški (might aswell write "Нашки") is kinda translated as "Ours"
@rigidchalice1252 Oh that's not how they're written in English, but I wanted people to be able to read "Kajkavski" as it's pronounced in Serbo-Croatian instead of reading "Kađkavski" since their J is our Đ. Also no, Serbs use exclusively Shtokavian, same goes for all of Bosnia, all of Montenegro, Slavonia, Dubrovnik and the inner parts of Dalmatia (basically Lika and areas along the Bosnian border). Only areas around Zagreb use Kaikavian, while the coastal cities in Dalmatia, as well as Istria and the Adriatic islands, use Chakavian. And yea, I again went with the mentality of "oh well, at least they'll be able to read it" so I wrote "Nashki/Naški/Нашки" tho it basically means "Our (language)" with the 'language' part being implied so it's not mentioned out loud.
here's the difference btw rubah cepat itu melompat melepasi anjing malas itu (cmiiw) rubah cepat itu melompat melewati anjing yang malas itu si rubah cepat itu loncat ngelewatin si anjing males itu
The differences between bahasa Malaysia/ Melayu vs Bahasa Indonesia are comparable to American English and English spoken in UK. Hence in reality Indonesian and Malay are the same language
it is basically the same languange. but tbh, the racism that divide those folks and make their language into a "separate" language are too funny to be discontinued, lmao.
@@yeoseotidle2290 if it's the same language, then why do Indonesians watch Malaysian cartoons have to use subtitles or vice versa when Malaysians watch Indonesian soap operas? even though Pakistanis still understand when watching Bollywood movies
This happens with Catalan too, many people in Valencia will crucify you if you dare to say that they speak the same language as Catalans even though there are no many differences between one another and that "valencian" is actually spoken in Catalonia too (they speak the occidental branch of the language that it's also spoken in inner Catalonia). In the Balearic Islands the same thing happens with some people telling you that they speak Mallorcan (or their respective insular dialect) rather than Catalan. The same case can be done with Portuguese - Galician.
They also say that Valencian is older than Catalan, meaning that it was spoken before the Catalans arrived to Valencia, which a literal lie that is spread through politics, simply because they want to distance themselves from the separatist movements in Catalonia. I myself have family in Valencia and some of them regurgitate the same pseudo arguments that they heard in the media while I sit there and facepalm. Now it’s true that the name of “Valencia” already held political power before the name “Catalonia” did and it’s also true that there are some cultural differences between those autonomous communities, but that doesn’t mean that the Catalan language as we know it today didn’t exist before it arrived in Valencia. This unfortunately happens everywhere in the world, some politicians and people running for political power don’t actually care about facts or solving issues, they only care about money and power. Like for example conservative politicians in the USA spreading lies and misinformation about hot topics like abortion, queer people (especially trans people) and how important it is to “bring God back to country”, so religious indoctrination. The best thing to do, is to fact check everything and don’t randomly listen to what some problematic people in the media have to say. Catalan, Valencian and Balearic are the same language!
And also, the AVL which regulates "valencian" follows the rules of the IEC which regulates catalan, with a few changes in some words (mostly loanwords from spanish like arena instead of sorra), some accents (València - Valéncia) and preferred verb variations (Jo canto - jo cante)
maybe will be better to say Catalo-Valencian or if you like to count the speakers in france and andorra Catalo-Occitan or Occitan-Catalan I will say that the first distint way to call the language was Marches in reference to Marca-Hispanica and second Valencian third Catalan (Catalan was the fusion of diferent variations of the languages)
Portuguese and Galician are absolutely different languages, just very similar, even Portuguese and Spanish are similar but Galician is even closer to Portuguese
Every Indian and Pakistani I meet always claims to be trilingual. I ask what languages they speak? "Hindi, Urdu and English" They look so proud too but when I ask "So when did you learn Urdu and when did you learn Hindi" they have no answer or they saw they learned it at the same time lmfao
for Chinese, it's funny because now Taiwan is calling their dialect of Hokkien (southern Min) as Taiwanese, and considers it a distinct language that deserves a separate name from Hokkien, when it's just Hokkien with small differences.
Literally Hokkien exists on Fujian too legit Taiwanese Hokkien is a word it's basically Hokkien but Taiwanese and Fujianese Hokkien would be called Fujianese Hokkien. Also we gonna mention Teochew or Hainanese Min?
I think OP mixed things up here. 1) What OP is trying to say: On the identification of name: Progressive(?) linguists are arguing it should be called "Taiwanese" instead of "Hokkien" due to its vocabulary differences and loanwords, but does not deny the fact that it originates within Hokkien. This can be mirrored to how Latin Spanish/Brazillian Portuguese wants its own recognition instead of being simply called "Spanish/Portuguese", but never denies that it is from Spanish/Portugese. 2) As @hayabusa1329 has said, on the identification of dialect/language: They are calling it a distinct language from "Chinese(漢語)", and not from Hokkien. This can be seen as before, Hokkien is considered inferior to Mandarin Chinese, where Mandarin is a 'language' and Hokkien a 'dialect', now they are put to the same status, hence now BOTH are not a dialect and a "national language" status in the ROC. You can see OP mixed up concepts 1 and 2. I hope this clears things up, and prevent further misinformation.
0:48 is also erroneous. They are considered dialects (or, more precisely, topolects) of Chinese, not dialects of Mandarin. Dialects of Mandarin would be those like Sz-chwan dialect or Bei-jing dialect.
Here in the Philippines, we were taught that Filipino is a national language and that the rest of these languages we have are considered dialects even though they have different words making it a separate language
@@szymonlechdzieciol it is. some people are just confused what being a language and dialect means and a lot dont know that theyre not mutually exclusive concepts.
Every Indian and Pakistani I meet always claims to be trilingual. I ask what languages they speak? "Hindi, Urdu and English" They look so proud too but when I ask "So when did you learn Urdu and when did you learn Hindi" they have no answer or they saw they learned it at the same time lmfao
Philippines has a very similar situation with China but with the Filipino language. It is literally just the Manila dialect of Tagalog, one out of 11 widely spoken PH languages, and out of 130 total PH languages in the country. Filipino and English both act as lingua franca, and in some places you may find people who know more English than Filipino.
I think it's more appropriate if you compare the Filipino language with Italian instead of Chinese. But it sounds like that unlike Italy or China the Filipino languages aren't dying out nor being all lumped together as a dialect of Tagalog.
I would say it still sounding like an English dialect is quite subjective. Scots contains lots of sounds that are simply not present in English dialects, with some that are shared in the North-East, as a result of the Great Vowel Shift etc. It's common for English people to understand a lot of Scots but that could be just from exposure. Foreigners can have an extremely hard time, I know some non-native English speakers who are totally fluent and so comfortable speaking english, have had lots of exposure, but find Scots totally unnavigable. Even Americans famously can barely understand Scots, and I would say that given a pure Scots text, many English people would only get the gist, or even some Scottish people who aren't exposed to pure Scots. I speak quite a bit of Russian but find Ukrainian very difficult to understand, but some Russian people say that they can understand Ukrainian very well. Soundwise is a subjective term, and while it may apply when looking at British non-Scots speaking perspectives, when from a purely linguistic perspective I wouldn't say it applies (sorry for the absolute essay, this is my degree haha)
Well, as a person from Taiwan, I can say that the map at 0:15 is largely wrong about the situation in Taiwan. We speak Mandarin in everyday life, only an extremely small group of the people refuse to speak Mandarin to communicate with others. And funnily enough, the same group of people will also be very offended by the fact that the map implies "Taiwanese" (mostly Hokkien) has anything to do with China.
In the case of Portuguese, there's the complicated topic of Galician and Portuguese being either dialects of the same language (Galician-Portuguese/Galician/Portuguese) or seperate languages due to the Spanish influence on Galician in recent years. However, mutual intelligibility between both dialects is over 95% or even 98%, with both Lusophone and Galician people having no issues communicating. The reason they became classified as different languages was, ultimately, for political reasons. The current official writing system for Galician is based off of Spanish, a seperate language, to the point sometimes it might be unnatural speach wise, and the organisation that rules over the language has even claimed certain words are incorrect due to them being "Portuguese loan words", while the Spanish loan words are accepted. However there's a "reintegrationist" writing system based off of the Portuguese Orthographic Agreement, with characteristics exclusive to the Galician dialect like "polo/pola" while in Portuguese "pelo/pela", "cançom" instead of "canção", and so on, and words closer to the Galician spoken before the heavier Spanish influence (sometimes adapted from Portuguese).
And then there's Fala/Xalimego that also descends from medieval Galician, and also Eonavian/Galician-Asturian (a creole?), and let's not forget Mirandese, an Asturleonese language that sounds like a variety of European Portuguese.
Minor correction. Pakistani Urdu uses a modified Persian script not Arabic. While the Persian Alphabet was heavily inspired by the Arabic script they're both separate Alphabets because the Persian script has a few extra letters are unknown in the Arabic Alphabet.
bruh this Persian script is just Arabic Alphabet with extra 4 added letters my friend learned Persian in university I am an Arabic speaker and can read Persian just fine but I don't understand it except the shared words between the languages
@@Ashraf-Hrira well like I Pakistan has their own alphabet they just modified the Persian one. So I wonder if you can read Urdu or Ottoman Turkish just fine? (modern day Turkey uses the Latin Alphabet)
@@DarkWolff21 I never tried to read Urdu before but a Turkish guy I met on Discord once typed Turkish in Arabic Alphabet I thought it with Farsi first time I saw it until he told me it was Ottoman Turkish
@Ashraf-Hrira that's weird because Ottoman Turkish was only spoken by the Turkish elite and was very different from the Turkish the Ottoman peasants spoken in modern day Turkey. I heard it was very difficult for even Turkish people to speak and learn due to its heavy Persian and Arabic influences.
@@DarkWolff21 to be honest I have no idea about languages other than Arabic I hardly speak English as a 2nd language I mainly learn it not from school but from video games and American Action movies and the western side of youtube
As a Pakistani Urdu speaker this has confused me too 😭 I have a ton of Indian friends and we manage to communicate with ease, even though they speak Hindi
The muslims of the Subcontinent spoke Persian as the state and judicial language. After the 1857 mutiny the British banned the speach, recording and publishing of Persian in the British Raj. As a result the Muslims fell back on Urdu. In Pakistan, depending on which province you come from, Persian is a mandatory subject in school.
1:56 this map is highly misleading. The Italians speaking a form of Greek, Croatian or Albanian measure in the thousands (proper Italian communities, not recent immigrants).
Another example similar to the Hindustani one is Bahasa Melayu (Malaysia) and Bahasa Indonesia. Both are derived from the Johor-Riau Melayu which was a common trade language in the region. Really the reason why they are considered as 2 separate language is because of political reasons (Indonesians revere Bahasa Indonesia as a part of their national identity). Unlike Hindi and Urdu where the standard form is different and the vernacular form is similar, it is the other way around for Bahasa Indonesia and Bahasa Melayu.
Every Indian and Pakistani I meet always claims to be trilingual. I ask what languages they speak? "Hindi, Urdu and English" They look so proud too but when I ask "So when did you learn Urdu and when did you learn Hindi" they have no answer or they saw they learned it at the same time lmfao
Hey, I did my thesis on this topic! I argued that these social processes are evidence that the designation 'a language' is a subjective appellation by speakers and institutions when their form of communication is an aspect or symbol of their identity. It's a way to signal being part of the same group. Therefore, degree of structural difference is less important than speakers' meta-commentary on their language's status. Having a standard form helps too because it gives people something to rally around.
@@FlagAnthem i did not say otherwise. What I said is when millions of people say that their dialect should be treated as a language we just comply with it.
@@FlagAnthemthere's a language spoken by 5 people and nobody's calling it a dialect (that could also be because it's a language isolate wildly different from anything else nearby)
you said it was "merely" the case. no it's not no, that's not the case in linguistics, nobody in any serious setting uses political definitions for languages. There are nearly dying languages with 5-12 people left which are isolates spoken by a few angry people who hate each other because they're humans.
You misunderstand what they meant. They just meant that when languages that are functionally dialects of the same language gets treated as separate language for nationalism reasons, people just say ok and move on, and vice versa. A small language with 5 people that no one is contesting to be a dialect or language, will be treated as it should
Is no one going to talk about the conversation (speech bubble) between the Hindi and Urdu speakers in this video! For those who don't understand either script, they are saying the same thing (Go to hell!).
i mean as an indian , i still have difficulty understanding urdu too , like some words that are persian and u guyz write and pronounce words differently too , fr example "to do" , a Hindi speaker would write "krte" while a urdu speaker would write "krtey" , they both aren't wrong just different way of pronouncing a given shabd (word) , while Hindi is written in devanagri , urdu is written in nastaliq , We too cannot group these both languages becz even though they both converge in informal tone , they widely diverge in formal tone , for ex - democracy in Hindi is "loktantra or prajatantr" and in urdu is "jhamuriyat" , and almost all the other formal tones are too different.
The explanation of Hindi and Urdu was very revealing. When the area was split politically, I never understood how two different languages emerged... which did not occur when Germany, Vietnam and Korea were divided .Now I understand.
Small error on his part, Urdu didn't really add non Sanskrit vocabulary or remove Sanskrit Vocabulary (actually did a bit of the opposite in India) unlike what Hindi did in reverse. One thing he missed was that barely anyone spoke the elitist Standard Urdu as a mother tongue and almost no one does these days, and absolutely no one ever spoke standard Hindi as a mother tongue as it didn't even exist until the late colonial era (or realistically after independence). Both languages are based on the prestige version of the upper-class people of Urdu Bazar Dehli (where the name Urdu comes from) which basically doesn't exist anymore in Old Delhi and is endangered amongst the descendants of the migrants in Pakistan. Plus there are differences in grammar and big differences in pronunciation between the two languages and the standard Decani/Dakkhanni Dialect of Urdu (with it's own centuries old history); and the languages and dialects of other languages forced into Hindi classification by India are not the dialects of vice versa. Some of the so called Hindi dialects aren't really mutually intelligible within the dialect just like what happens in China. people still speak versions of Urdu in India and Bollywood heavily relies on it for songs and cheesy Dialogue and some people consume Pakistani media as well, and many people in Pakistan are exposed to Indian material especially Bollywood, so there is usually awareness and even some cross fertilization in the colloquial forms, but people without exposure cannot communicate besides simple things. Imran Khan who has been to India like hundreds of times and consumed lots of Indian media has trouble answering even simple questions to a Hindi reporter.
Pakistani areas already had their own languages, urdu isn't native to Pakistan, it was brought by Indian muslims migrating to Pakistan and is a small natively speaken langauge which was made the lingua franca, overwhelming majority of Pakistan doesn't speak Urdu as native language
@@NagalandHH Yes and an even more overwhelming majority of Indians don't speak Urdu as a native language as well. Urdu was already the lingua franca especially on the Pakistani side of British Punjab, before Partition. Up-to a quarter of West Pakistan's population after independence came came from India, the biggest being Punjabi followed by Hindustani/Urdu speakers (including Bhojpuri) and something similar happened in India with the biggest group being Bengali followed by Bihari groups. Pakistan doesn't keep track of migrated non Hindustani/Urdu Groups (and underreports them like some others) especially Punjabis (and the Punjabis and some others groups from parts neighboring Pakistan themselves don't keep track of their Indian heritage). The migration was so high that even some scheduled caste and tribe people migrated to Pakistan despite being non-Muslims because Pakistan was originally intended to be mush bigger especially in what's now east India for the minorities of South Asia including Sikhs, Buddhists, Scheduled Caste and Tribes and so on but it didn't pan out that ways. Only Manipur and Delhi had the same level of migration (arguable more for Manipur) as Pakistan. The situation in India is so bad right now that people in Delhi where the name and the standard comes from, speak worse Urdu than Islamabad, only Lucknow coming close to Karachi even though people in Karachi usually butcher it with slang.
Urdu still has a ton of Sanskrit btw, probably just in modified form. But yeah you're spot on otherwise. I think a video about the history and different languages involved in Urdu would be really cool cause we borrow words from like 96 different languages.
One thing I’ve heard before is that Serbo-Croatian being multiple languages is like if English was considered different languages in all the different countries it’s spoken in.
not ALL the countries its spoken in, its like the difference between standard american english and standard british english. different pronounciation, emphasis, expressions and slang, but it is extremely easy to communicate
The standardization is a lie neither American nor British English are particularly uniform. In order for someone from south Birmingham to communicate with someone from rural West Virginia they are both gonna have to talk real slow while poorly affecting a Posh & midwestern dialect respectively.
Afrikaans (spoken in South-Africa) was a dialect of Dutch until probably 1925 when it was made an official language of South-Africa. Nowadays it's considered a daughter-language of Dutch and is by all means a seperate language. But I (being from Belgium) can read and understand Afrikaans without problems and have far more problems understanding someone from Drenthe (northern parts of the Netherlands) than someone from Cape Town, South Africa. The latter is considered to be speaking a different language while the Dutchman is supposed to speak the same language as me. I find this to be very fascinating. I like people from Drenthe by the way. They just seem to talk with a hot potatoe in their mouth
I love the way Arabs across countries insist they are speaking variations of the same language even though they can't understand each other whereas Croats and Serbs who understand each other perfectly insist they are speaking separate languages. Even though the Croat from Zagreb can understand the Serb from Belgrade more easily than he can understand some of his fellow Croats speaking "Croatian" dialects. The encouraging thing though is that although you do occasionally come across the odd nationalist online mostly younger people from the ex-Yugoslav countries are more chill about this point and are happy to admit they are more dialects than languages. As a native speaker of English when I first started learning Serbo-Croat or BCS as it's often called now I realised quickly that the differences between the two languages were not as big as the differences between various forms of English and Spanish or even French if you include Québec French. However, speakers of these dialects have no problem referring to them as English, Spanish or French because it's a recognition of where the language originated. With Serbo-Croat you can't pinpoint the name of a country and/or people where the language first developed so each nation as they went their own way just called it 'our' language and named it after themselves.
That's because South Slavic dialects are grouped into languages based on their speakers' ethnicity, since purely linguistic criteria simply don't work here. That's why a Croatian dialect can be completely impenetrable to other Croats, but they can understand most Serbian dialects (almost) perfectly. And the other way round. The differences between Croatian and Serbian standards aren't as small as people think. I'd say, lexically, there are more differences than between standard American and UK English... even though the situation is complex, because you get various standard Serbian words that are also used in certain Croatian dialects, or some words that are common in Croatia but they sound archaic or bookish to Serbs, etc.
As a Pakistani I can confirm that I have had no problems communicating with people who speak Hindi. It’s uncanny how similar both languages are really. The hate blinds us but all in all you can’t deny that it’s the same picture no matter how much corporate tells you to find the difference
There's a language called Rajbanshi spoken in Nepal, that, in Bangladesh, is only considered a dialect of Bengali. It's a really pretty language, that's disappearing gradually, unfortunately.
So the common threads of categorizing dialects as languages stems from the desire to distinguish cultural identity and relatedly, to adopt different scripts, whereas categorizing languages as mere dialects have the exact opposite approach. Great video, make more like this!!
Love the mention of Arabic at the end, it’s a great question. You are correct in saying that someone speaking Moroccan/Darija and someone speaking Gulf/Khaliji will struggle to communicate. Let’s say they may understand ~50% of what the other is saying. As a native Arabic speaker, let me add some more perspective. Generally, Arab countries that neighbor each other will have the least difficulty understanding each other’s dialects - they will be pretty similar. As you go to countries/dialects that are farther away, the similarities lessen, and the dialects become less mutually intelligible. So for that Gulf Arabic example, while Darija is pretty distinct, Mesopotamian/Iraqi Arabic sounds a lot more similar in comparison.
7:05 not necessarily. if a moroccan spoke slowly he/she will be understood to a great extent people of morocco usually use really old arabic words that are not used in daily conversations across other dialects which makes it harder for other arabs to decipher. not to mention how fast they talk. in fact, one could argue that current dialects are closer to quranic arabic than MSA itself
@@zs7930 you should think so. the structure of current MSA is influenced by english and is nothing similar to old arabic. "أنا أقوم بفعل ذلك" "تم اختراع شيء جديد" "عليك ان تقوم بذلك. لقد فعلت ذلك" etc... it's like speaking in english using google translator to illustrate, moroccan arabic for example uses the pronoun "نحن" (we) to refer to first person, which is something quranic arabic does a lot. also no. they don't sound like they're speaking french. at all. here is a whole paragraph in moroccan arabic: السلام عليكم، كيفاش المغاربة كيهدرو بالفرنسية؟ غير حيت فيها شوية دالكلمات رجعت فرنسية صافي؟ اللغة الهندية عامرة بالكلمات الانجليزية وبالمنطق تاعك لازم نعتبروها انجليزية حتا هي، ماشي هندية. ونزيدك فحال اللي قلت فالتعليق اللول المغربية فيها كلمات عربية قحة بلا قياس. دابا اذا بغيتي نعطيك 100 كلمة عربية قديمة مابقاتشي كاتستعمل غير فالمغربية بوحدها. اه وقبل ما تقول هاذي هدرتك كاتحاول تخليها مناسبة مع الفصحى وباقي اللهجات، راك غالط، هذي المغربية عادية بلا اي كلمات فرنسية can you please give me one single french word out of it? even those french words you're referring to are replaceable with arabic words in everyday speech. the word "بلاصة" which means "place" came from french, you can use "موطاع" instead of it, which came from the arabic word "موضع". there aren't much foreign words that aren't replaceable.
I mean for the arabic thing its the same as hindi and urdu its literally just adjusting phrases and I can understand morrocan, the difficulty actually comes down to the fact that the pace of morrocan is wildly faster than normal.
as a pakistani, i can confirm hindu and urdu are indistinguishable from one another. some words are different between the two but hindi and urdu arent very different despite the way they are written.
The Chinese government doesn't consider Yue, Hakka, Wu etc. as dialects of Mandarin and "Mandarin" in a Chinese context solely refers to Putonghua or what we call "Standard Mandarin". Dongbeihua or Shandonghua for instance are not considered "Mandarin" within a Chinese context even if foreigners consider them variants of Mandarin. 1:32 also features a picture of women from a minority that doesn't speak any dialect of Chinese dialect (or "Sinitic language" if you will), so why would it even form a basis of their identity? Some people just can't help but be terminally wrong on anything related to Asia or Africa.
2:05 there is NO SUCH THING as emilianromagnol, it's a linguistic classification of close languages (the Emilian languages, Romagnol and, arguably, the Gallopicene). Saying it's a language is like saying you speak Anglofrisian instead of English 3:00 apart that we are talking about 1300s Florentine which is totally not the same as MODERN Florentine (no,, Dante did not say "la hoha hola hon la hannucia horta horta" and would totally feel more at home in Corsica), Italian was already around as a standardized language since 1600.
Ma in realtà l'emiliano e il romagnolo sono estremamente simili e separati solo e unicamente per ragioni camapnilistiche, ma sta cosa a quanto pare ai romagnoli non graba. Inoltre il gallo italico marchigiano è più distinto dal romagnolo di quanto il romagnolo non lo sia con lemiliano
The standard Hindi and Urdu are also really similar. But the spoken forms are so close that you can understand each other completely. I speak Hindi and I can talk to Pakistani people who speak Urdu. For me it sounds 90% same, just different word choices. Opposite would be true for languages spoken within indian states. For example, Malayalam is spoken in Kerala but the Kasaragod Malayalam will not be understood by Kottayam Malayalam people. Flemish and west Flemish also similar. Flemish is considered something between a dialect and a different language with Dutch. Spoken in Belgium. But people from West Belgium speak very different flemish than the rest that others can't understand them.
Thanks for pointing this out. I’m Otomi from central Mexico. The early Spanish colonial period was when my language was still one dialectal continuum. The 300,000 speakers we have today, can actually be split into multiple language groups with low intelligibility between each other.some linguists have declared them all variants, but they themselves cannot understand early Otomi colonial texts. The Otomi language of precortesian times of 1518 has become to these modern variants, what Classical Latin is to the Romance languages .
if let's say by miracle Mexico turn into more UE and Otomi would get their own Estonia within it - what would be your take about nations linguistic policy?
Great video bro I think the parallel at the end with Arabic and Norwegian is fun to expand on 'Arabic' and 'Norwegian' both standardized their written language (with Fusha and Bokmål) but didn't standardize the oral language, so everybody sort of just speaks their own dialect, which really shines through when dialect continua are spread out through a big enough landmass as is the case with Arabic It's awesome! At least from a Serbo-Croatian speaker's perspective.
Hearing Wu spoken by a non native had me for a second, but you got the spirit😉 There's something to mention though, I can tell you were trying to say it in Shanghainese(which in Shanghainese itself it spells 上海話Zaonhewo, better translated as Zaonhenese if to be authentic) from the usage of both nong儂(2nd person singular used widely across regions surrounding Hangzhou Bay) and sa(interrogative pronoun used by people north of the Hangzhou Bay and some regions in the west like Hangzhou). So here goes the problem, in Shanghainese 請問儂姓啥Chin men nong xin sa means 'What's your last/family name', as 姓xin translates as 'last name be', so to ask the whole name, you're supposed to say 請問儂叫啥Chin men nong jiao sa, since 叫jiao is the word that means 'call'. While in Shanghainese you might end up something that resembles Mandarin closely, as it's the dialect influenced by it the most, it's not always the case with other dialects. My native language for instance, has many different ways to say it, and one of them is '儂(名字)謳seu/so shi' 'nong (meng zy eu seu/so shi', 'seu/so shi' is the interrogative pronoun of my dialect, in contrast to 'sa' of Shanghainese. Also, add the word 名字meng zy 'name' in the brackets if you want to emphasize. 謳eu is an old Wu(pronounced Ng in some conservative dialects) word meaning 'call', it's still used by many dialects south of the Hangzhou Bay but is not used by those north of it. One more thing to say though, the current method classifying Sinitic languages is neither based on mutual intelligibility nor comparative linguistics. So Wu language, or as I would call 'Wu languages', are not technically mutual intelligibal to each other internally and the intelligibility differs greatly depending on the region. I as a native speaker of a central-east dialect, have no difficulty understanding most dialects surrounding Hangzhou Bay, but it gets harder further into both north(Gusu, suzhou especially, while nominated to be the representative dialect of Wu language, the accent and intonation actually sounds quite foreign to me even, it might be a recent thing though as I heard younger generation speaks differantly from the old people. And also those close to the borders ofc, they sound foreign too) and south(southern dialects varies even more with all the mountains isolating each village, but surprisingly, even with these dialects that I can't really understand, the intonation hardly feels off). Another funnny fact is, from a comparative linguistic point of view, current-day Mandarin dialects can't really trace back to a common Old-Mandarin ancestor, some of them trace back to Middle-Chinese like 粵Yue does. They are not descendants of a single Old-Mandarin language, but are merely grouped together due to certain characteristics. It's also worth mentioning that Mandarin languages are not totally mutual intelligibal to each other, especially with old traditoinal forms of the language. Many say it's just the southern branches of Mandarin that are hard to undersatnd, which is not true, to the east there's 膠東半島Jiaodong Peninsula and to the west we have 關中平原Guanzhong Plain and 河西走廊Hexi Corridor, the Mandarin varities spoken there ARE NOT mutual intelligible to Peking Madarin either, and I'm saying this as someone raised with Peking Mandarin as a first language alongside Wu.
i think separating urdu & hindi is awesome because then i get to claim to speak more languages on my resumé & flex on random people on the street who don’t know how similar they are
Nice video. I am from Southern India. Here there is a language known as Dakhini which is a language commonly spoken by the Muslim communities of the Deccan. Dakhini is often considered a dialect of urdu but a speaker of urdu will never be able to understand what the Dakhini speaker is saying. Dakhini itself has a bunch of dialects- Hyderabadi which is one of the most popular, Mysori- spoken in Karnataka, Nellori- Spoken in Andhra Pradesh Bidri- spoken in Northern Karnataka and Maharashtra and Vellori- Spoken in parts of Tamil Nadu. All have their own distinct accents and vocaubulary
Yeah this Hindi-Urdu being the same thing is oversimplified. The standard/undiluted Decani/Dakkhanni/Dakhini so called dialect of Urdu (with it's own centuries old history); and the languages and dialects of other languages forced into Hindi classification by India, are not the dialects of vice versa. Some of the so called Hindi dialects aren't really mutually intelligible even within the said dialects just like what happens in China. There are differences in grammar and big differences in pronunciation between Hindi and Urdu as well (although Punjabi influence has toned it down in the colloquial version). And regarding the very different vocabulary, Urdu didn't really add non Sanskrit vocabulary or remove Sanskrit Vocabulary (actually did a bit of the opposite in India) unlike what Hindi did in reverse. Another thing people miss is that barely anyone spoke the elitist Standard Urdu as a mother tongue (or Lakhnavi Urdu for that matter) and almost no one does these days, and absolutely no one ever spoke standard-Hindi as a mother tongue as it didn't even exist until the late colonial era (or realistically after independence as a distinct language). Both languages are based on the prestige version of the then upper-class people of Urdu Bazar Dehli (where the name Urdu comes from) of colonial era which basically doesn't exist in it's original form anymore in Old Delhi (luckily not Lakhnavi Urdu in Lucknow though) and is endangered amongst the descendants of the migrants in Pakistan. People still speak versions of Urdu in India and Bollywood heavily relies on it for songs and cheesy Dialogue and some people consume Pakistani media as well, and many people in Pakistan are exposed to Indian material especially Bollywood, so there is usually awareness and even some cross fertilization in the colloquial forms, but people without exposure cannot communicate besides simple things. Imran Khan who has been to India like hundreds of times and consumed lots of Indian media has trouble answering even simple questions to a Hindi reporter. And as you said that Dakhini can't be Understood by people from the north, so even simple things become difficult.
The reference to Italian and all the "dialects" reminded me of a "Golden Girls" episode where the girls decide to transform their garage into a guest room and Sophia manages to contract with a guy (who only speaks "Italian") to do the job if the girls are willing to do the work. The guy will give the instructions in Italian (well, Sicilian) and Sophia will translate. Eventually, there's a misunderstanding and Sophia explains that, in Sicily, every village has its own dialect before correcting herself with "actually, every house has its own dialect."
Actually, in bosnia, we also use the cerellic alphabet and its thought in the schools[once a week we use the cerellic and the other we use the latin one , but the nationalist are trying to ditch the system sadly ], especially if u are from republika srpska ,since the population consists mostly of serbs .
this also applies to german in both ways, so i was surprised when you didn't mention it: a) swiss german, bavarian german and austrian german are extremely different from what someone from hamburg or berlin might speak, making it really difficult for them to be intelligible to each other unless they both switch to standard german. people in switzerland when speaking to a german are known to speak to their swiss dialect when talking with their friends in order to not be understood by the german person. b) dutch is way more similar to standard german than swiss german is to standard german, but is considered a separate language due to nationalism, dutch is more or less a glorified dialect of northwestern german.
Dutch people really don't like to hear this, but its very true in my experience. I speak fluent German and moved to Holland, after a few months I had a high standard of Dutch. When people asked how I learned so quickly I'd tell them I'm a linguist but really Dutch is like simpler German. I then moved to Austria where it took at least a month to acclimatise to the dialect, and after 5 months I couldn't speak the local dialect, the best I could do was mimic phrases. Swiss-German is a whole other beast which is just absolutely incomprehensible schmarn. TLDR Dutch is bootleg German.
A. Do people im berlin and hamburg speak hochdeutsch? Because I know there is a berlin dialect, but it is such a foreigner city that there's probably more hochdeutsch spoken. B. Dutch is sort of like a mix of german and English when you think about it, which makes sense geographically, but maybe that's why there's a distinction
But in terms of origin Dutch came from Franconian-Rheine branch of West German, while High German came from South German Elbe dialects mixed with Hamburgian I think. In origin High German is closer to South German but few centuries of separate evolution pushed them aside. But generally it's good to at least treat those 3 branches as separate languages (and more of course English is not anymore inteligibly with Saxon)
the really loud audio is always super funny when a creator uses it, you should make them more frequent and louder, i think you'll get more people enjoying your content that way
I believe that people consider Urdu and Hindi to be different languages because of politics. I am Indian and I believe that at the end of the day public hatred to each others countries creates divide. In a perfect world it wouldn't be this way, thank you for preventing that beans-on-toast land :D
im pretty much in the middle of that gradient of the hindi and urdu range because i learnt hindi in school and spoke urdu at home so i just ended up mixing the two but my parents will swear up and down that i speak urdu. and tbh there are a few minor changes in them and the biggest one i can think of off the top of my head would be love-its pyaar in hindi and muhabbat in urdu
appreciate you quoted italian "dialects" as not mere dialects but real languages, indeed you are right i speak one of the lombard languages, bergamasco in particular, (because even lombard has its own dialects) and if i speak to another lombard or venetian with my dialect he is going to understand most of what i say if i speak slow, but if spoke even with tuscan person they are not going to understand almost anything(let alone someone from the south) except for words that are similar or identical to italian.
That’s the interesting thing about languages and dialects: they’re determined by arbitrary boundaries. Take a Latin speaker in Roman Hispania and draw a lineage all the way to their Spanish speaking descendant in modern day Spain. There was never a time when a Latin speaking mother gave birth to a Spanish speaking child. Almost just like the process of speciation in biology, language development is so gradual and blurry that the boxes we try to draw around them are necessarily arbitrary.
This is false. Established modern conventions put language separation as different orthography (in Europe) to mutual intelligibility. Any attempt otherwise is a play at semantics or an attempt to degrade the metaphysics between languages and dialects in a way that does not reflect reality. The issue is that the Sinitic Languages are further apart than Latin languages are from each other by leaps and bounds from a sound perspective except for rhyming schemes and are much further apart geographically. They are not mutually intelligible and even have separate non intelligible orthography (many linguists use these as speciation points). The line being arbitrary is entirely wrong; the line exists in a fuzzy medium gray between a very obvious white and black - for example, calling English a dialect of Chinese or Chinese a dialect of English would be absurd. These are even from a philosophical perspective languages in the sense that they stem from Middle Chinese and the branches are brother and sister to one another instead of mother and father. Latin gave birth to Spanish and the other romance languages. This is not true for Chinese. Mandarin and Cantonese are siblings, and Middle Chinese has been extinct for a thousand years. In terms of Koreans to China, Joseon and the Qing state, were still using a form of written Chinese Koreans could not speak to talk to the Qing, because the language was a written cultural tradition Cantonese, if it were counted separately, has by some metrics more speakers than multiple of the popular languages speakers.
@@shinybreloom4027 Metaphysics doesn't concern me at all. "Established modern conventions" establishing language separation is still just a convention. The existence of white and black still doesn't remove the fuzzy medium gray. If you want to take a Jordan Peterson-esque prescriptivist approach in a descriptivist field, I don't know what to tell you.
this is the niche internet genre that always fascinated me, and I think you may enjoy another example too- I'm a sylheti person hailing from Sylhet, a district in Bangladesh. My brother has done a lot of research into this and that's where I learnt this from- When we look at Bangladesh, it's considered that the entire country speaks 'dialects' of bengali, and the standard bengali is considered to be our official language. however, research makes you realise that the government created a unified language , derived mainly from the language that was used by the rich and powerful, to create 'shuddho' (meaning 'pure)' bengali. when we look at other lesser liked and discouraged 'dialects' of bengali, such as sylheti, chittangongiya (spoken in chittagong), kumilla bengali, etc, and you trace their lineage and their differences, it's very obviously different languages. in want of a nationalised unified front, the government has put in decades of brainwashing and helped internalise discrimination against the other benglai' dialects'. as the case with a lot of 'dialects' in this video, most bemgali dialect speakers cant really understand each other if they were never exposed to the other language in the past. my working theory of why people still manage to communicate is that all education and official institutes require speaking and usage in writing in standard bengali, and a combination of being exposed to it form a young age, along with being taught to treat their 'dialect' languages as inferior, makes people convinced unconsciously that all these languages are one, with the shuddo dialect being the real and the purest version. its very sad what we have come to in the name of nationalism, and small communities are popping up to protect these languages from fading. I know more about sylheti than the other languages, and what I can say is that it's being muddled with 'shuddho' bengali in an effort for people to sound more 'literate' and formal. the sylheti writing script has almost disappeared, and 99% didn't even know that it ever existed- because they belive sylheti to be a dialect of spoken bengali, and consider all 'dialects' of bengali to only have one written script.
It's fun that since , as you mentioned under Chinese standards, Wu and Mandarin are dialects, Chinese language learners often regard Dutch and German as merely dialects.
Many Slavic languages are like this as it's a relatively new language group. Another good example would be Czech and Slovak which, while having a couple distinguishable differences, are almost fully mutually intelligible. Slovaks however understand Czech slightly better (95%) than Czechs do Slovak (92.7%). I think this is mostly due to Slovaks being more accustomed to hearing Czech as their TV channels broadcast Czech movies much more frequently than vice versa and most don't bother with a Slovak dub if a more foreign movie/show already has a Czech one.
As a Pakistani I'd say that Urdu and Hindi are generally the same language informally and also a lot of people in India speak Urdu unknowingly, because Urdu is still spoken there and a lot of times it's the language spoken in Bollywood movies while being advertised as Hindi, and at that point both of us can understand each other pretty easily but when someone speaks formal Hindi or starts using actual Hindi words that aren't just Urdu labelled as Hindi then it becomes completely unintelligble to us, I've seen videos of Indians and Pakistanis on instagram comparing words in their languages and one of the comments was them correcting the Indian telling him he's actually using an Urdu word and the actual Hindi word he showed was completely unrecognizable, and that's where I'd personally draw the line.
bro left us with homework
Fr
Lmao
Lmao
Did he cut out the end or something? It ends so abruptly
Which i won’t do
"Research and discuss with your partner" ass ending 😭
💀💀💀💀
Not really. The point is that there is no line to draw. Only dialect is a linguistically useful concept, with mutual intelligibility a metric over dialects, while only language is a politically useful concept, carving the social world up by domains of language bureaux just as the physical world is carved up by domains of tax bureaux.
@@stephenspackman5573I agree with Stephens point.
Every Indian and Pakistani I meet always claims to be trilingual. I ask what languages they speak? "Hindi, Urdu and English" They look so proud too but when I ask "So when did you learn Urdu and when did you learn Hindi" they have no answer or they saw they learned it at the same time lmfao
@spoopyscaryskelebones3846 Every Indian and Pakistani I meet always claims to be trilingual. I ask what languages they speak? "Hindi, Urdu and English" They look so proud too but when I ask "So when did you learn Urdu and when did you learn Hindi" they have no answer or they saw they learned it at the same time lmfao
i'm indian and i told my parents once that urdu and hindi are the same language and they were so offended. this was WHILE we were watching pakistani news in urdu (our old tv setup got a few pakistani channels) and we could all perfectly understand everything they were saying. wild experience.
As a Pakistani, *sigh*. The fact our countries are so hostile just hurts inside.
Good for them for getting upset at your ignorant statement. Urdu and Hindi aren’t the same, they have notable differences in their original form, Urdu being 25% loan words from Persian. Not to mention their written form which is obviously unintelligible from one another.
@@BraveBelievers ayo stfu its a language why would they get upset
@BeeryAngel because it’s completely from Hindu, also because we Pakistanis don’t want anything to do with Indians.
@BeeryAngel i mean as a pakistani i have a bit of a hard time udnerstanding hindi - it might be because of the accent though. and i cant udnerstand it written out.
As a Bosnian, I can safely say that the shared language of all Arabs, Yugoslavs, and Turks is in fact German
How? I’m arabic
no you are wrong, it is chinese.
@@yuijo2772 ?? I do not know a single Chinese word, even though I’m Arabic
@Albaraa Most Syrians won't go home even a decade after the war
@@yuijo2772 Chinese is too complicated for brains which range from 2 to 18 whole braincells
"A speaker of Norwegian and a speaker of Swedish usually have no trouble communicating..."
Of course, both have trouble communicating with the Danish. The Danish language being, of course, a dialect of toddler babbling.
danes have trouble communicating with other danes as well, so communication in general seems to be a problem for our southern siblings.
As a Dane I am absolutely infuriated with the sheer accuracy of this statement.
no wonder the immigrants are hard to adapt.
They don’t have any issue communicating because they all also speak English
@@ethanodell8044 True, but if a speaker, speaks slow and both have a genuine willingness to understand eachother then it'll be all fine. But of course, there are words that differ but they are pretty easy to catch up with and just a little bit of exposure to the other languages and you'll be able to understand :) (Dane living in Sweden)
3:26 as a serb i always say these are all the same language.
we have a joke here mocking the fact that these are all the same language but refer to them as their own thing. you say you speak many languages, and then you start listing them: serbian, bosnian, croatian, montenegrin... it's the same thing as saying you speak 4 languages and then you say american, british, canadian, and australian, all of them being just english
Yes 😂😂😂
While some Arabs speak their dialect, Standard Arabic, other dialects (usually Egyptian) and can't say they speak 3-4 languages 😢 but they compensate by learning English, French, and another foreign language 😁 (in Tunisia, we learn up to 3 foreign languages in school)
@@SabakuNoGaara2023 wicked
hmm I wonder what you call that same language
I also say that, but I never call it Serbian.
“A language is a dialect with an army and a navy behind it.”
Yupp, pretty much.
serbia doesnt have navy.
@@rizkyadiyanto7922, I think you didnʼt understand the metaphor...
american is a language and icelandic a dialect
ok boomer
That's an (ab)used quote from the linguist Max Weinreich, describing languages in a European context and his Euro(centric) worldview. It doesn't account for a country like China, which fits roughly nine Europes into it and was an empire much like Rome with many different ethnolinguistic groups even within the Han.
The assertion that you need military to form a language is an outdated scholarly and academic concept. It's an anachronism because many West African states and native American tribes have separate languages, the modern definition is based on mutual intelligibility. US English is not a separate language from UK English or Australian English. There are 7,100 to 7,164 languages and only 206 UN recognized nation states. How do you account for that?
You can't, because the quote was made by an ignoramus.
My grandparents can't even understand Mandarin and they're native to Guangdong (where Cantonese is spoken), it gets even crazier when neither Cantonese nor Mandarin are mutually intelligible with Hakka, Teochew, Shanghainese, or Min Taiwanese
It's interesting and cool though
Well, Teochew is one of the dialects of Min, isn't it?
@@timothynatanaelsebastian6536Teochew and Taiwanese min are both dialects of SOUTHERN MIN.
And even then they're about as different as Russian and Ukranian
Source: speak both
@stoopidphersun7436 I don't think they are dialects, but different languages of the greater Southern Min, with a continuum.
yeah its like if someone said Spanish and Portuguese are dialects of Italian lol
I went to class with a Bosnian guy for some time. He once spoke in his native language from Bosnia, so I asked him what it was. He simply called the language "Yougoslavian", so apparently there are some people who don't care as much, at least among people I've met who don't live in the region.
It's quite unusual to refer to the language as Yugoslav... we either use our ethnic names, or just 'naši' or 'naški' (ours). As far as I can remember, that was so even before 1991. The term 'Serbo-Croatian' was official back then, but artificial and, I'd say, uncommon in everyday speech.
@davidmandic3417 That's what I thought too. I haven't heard anyone referring to the language like this before or since.
@jonistan9268 In fact, I did hear that in the 1980s, but exclusively from some very small children who apparently concluded that since the country was Yugoslavia, the language must be Yugoslavian :D
@jonistan9268 As a speaker of a far more obscure (and distinct!) dialect of serbo-croatian (Burgenland-croatian), I like to call our shared language Yugoslavian, I feel like the term better represents the speakers since it refers to all Yugoslav people.
@davidmandic3417 Serbo-Croatian is still the only correct linguistical name of that pluricentric language, all others like Serbian, Croatian etc... are nothing more than dialects of that language, they are not separate or independent languages on their own right. But our ultranatiolistic politicians (criminals would be more precise definition) do not like that simple and scientific fact he he he thus we have such "confusion". So Serbo-Croatian is not artificial term, it designates geographical distribution since both Serbia and Croatia are its outer language borders and all in between like Bosnia and Montenegro belong to this language area too.
6:20 It has to be mentioned that while Hindi and Urdu use different scripts, speakers of both languages largely use Latin scripts on internet. This combined with the influence of English means the already small language barrier is even smaller than the past.
The fact that there's actually more basis for American English and British English to be considered different languages than there is for Croatian and Bosnian is WILD (the former is actually more divergent than the latter)
Thanks to the internet, my dialect happens to be a random Mish mash of the two due to listening to so much of the two.
Even for individuals, the understanding of a single language can vary a fair bit.
The reason of that is because the linguistic professors were forced to add words and grammar rules of all the 3 people in the Bosnian language. If the Bosnian language just had Bosniak words, it would have such a huge difference. They have no idea what an armerun is, fikra, dzehilnost, and sadly after teaching our youth a bastardized croatian they dont know either what those words mean.
@@aarohalme1020,
This is a great natural way to maintain the unity of a language, by averaging out the dialectal differences. Many people have heard that there are several dialects of Brazilian Portuguese, but due to the internet, most people simply pick up a little bit of each dialect.
Tbf the latter direct border each other, the former are separated by an entire ocean.
How exactly is that the case?
ARABIC - I have no idea whatever the fuck my neighbour is saying but we all speak the same language trust me bro.
Literally, some Arabic speakers can only communicate if they speak in the written form of standard (i.e. based on classical Arabic spoken 1000+ years ago)
Ok that's a bit too overblown. Yes Arabic dialects from geographically distant regions can be very different but that can be easily overcome by speaking slower (I swear Moroccans talk at lightspeed) and dropping the loan words (maghrebi dialects tend to have loan words from french due to colonial past and similarly for levantine dialects with Turkish and english)
@@probium2832 they do speak the same language, just not the same words.
the word "want" for example has dozens of synonyms. an arabic speaker wouldn't know them all.
think of it as queue in uk and line in usa, except in arabic, there would be like 30+ words for it and each one would be used in one dialect only.
@@yeoseotidle2290Gulf arabs can understand each other mostly, but can't say the same about the rest.
@@mrbilter83Bro why are you bashing the moroccan dialect like that, we talk at a pretty moderate pace. Altough ngl there are alot of difference between fusha and darija, mainly because of the french/spanish/amazigh influence.
dawg educated us and gave us a homework 😭
Every Indian and Pakistani I meet always claims to be trilingual. I ask what languages they speak? "Hindi, Urdu and English" They look so proud too but when I ask "So when did you learn Urdu and when did you learn Hindi" they have no answer or they saw they learned it at the same time lmfao
THANK YOU for shedding light on Italian languages, many Italians believe them to be just uncultured versions of standard Italian.
In schools we are taught that they are just inferior dialects of italian and even regional cadences are sometime stigmatized, sadly only in later years people are rediscovering the importance of regional history and culture
it is such a propaganda and unscientific approach what Italian school systems teaching pupils about their own country and linguistical super reach diversity in 21st century! But hey, when Italy unified it was inspired with France and we know how really bad, ultranationalistic and self pomped that culture is and how much effort was invested to destroy all regional languages there so no surprises.
That's very similar to how a lot of people within China think of Sinitic languages other than standard Mandarin. I think China at this point is trying to accomplish what the French and then the Italian governments of the past did while in the process of natin-building, by emphasizing the importance of a shared "national language" to promote national unity. Interestingly, when the Republic of China first became a thing, there was actually a bit of a culture war over whether Mandarin or Cantonese would be the "national language" because both had significant political influence and a lot of speakers.
Every Indian and Pakistani I meet always claims to be trilingual. I ask what languages they speak? "Hindi, Urdu and English" They look so proud too but when I ask "So when did you learn Urdu and when did you learn Hindi" they have no answer or they saw they learned it at the same time lmfao
omg i have a similar thing to share - I'm a sylheti person hailing from Sylhet, a district in Bangladesh. My brother has done a lot of research into this and that's where I learnt this from- When we look at Bangladesh, it's considered that the entire country speaks 'dialects' of bengali, and the standard bengali is considered to be our official language. however, research makes you realise that the government created a unified language , derived mainly from the language that was used by the rich and powerful, to create 'shuddho' (meaning 'pure)' bengali. when we look at other lesser liked and discouraged 'dialects' of bengali, such as sylheti, chittangongiya (spoken in chittagong), kumilla bengali, etc, and you trace their lineage and their differences, it's very obviously different languages. sylheti is being muddled with 'shuddho' bengali in an effort for people to sound more 'literate' and formal. the sylheti writing script has almost disappeared, and 99% didn't even know that it ever existed- because they belive sylheti to be a dialect of spoken bengali, and consider all 'dialects' of bengali to only have one written script.
@@debodatta7398you spamming this everywhere makes me think you are in fact not asking this question to every Indian or Pakistani you meet... bot behaviour
If you ever plan to make a part 2 of this, you should consider including Malay (Bahasa Melayu) and Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia). These two languages are so similar that a Malaysian and an Indonesian could effortlessly have a full conversation without any proper education of the other's language. It's like the linguistic equivalent of Hindi and Urdu-historically a single language, but split into two later on. The split happened in 1928 during the Second Youth Congress (Kongres Pemuda II) in Batavia (present-day Jakarta), when Indonesian nationalists decided to adopt a standardized form of Malay (specifically the Johor-Riau dialect) and renamed it to "Bahasa Indonesia" to forge a distinct national identity for the new nation.
Even though the two languages have grown apart a bit, especially in vocabulary due to the influence from local languages in Indonesia (e.g. Javanese, Sundanese, Madurese, etc.), they're still practically identical. I was born in Malaysia and never formally learned Indonesian, yet I can still understand nearly every single word they say. To us Malaysians, Indonesian often sounds like the formal/standard Malay we're taught at school, just a little bit more 'unique' sounding, especially by how they pronounce some words. In conclusion, Malay and Indonesian shouldn't be classified as seperate languages.
Edit: I forgot to mention this, but the influence of colonial powers also played a role in the slight vocabulary differences between Malay and Indonesian. Indonesia, having been under Dutch rule, adopted more Dutch loanwords into its language. In contrast, Malaysia, having been under British rule, adopted more English loanwords. Even so, we can still understand each other extremely well.
As an Indonesian, i agree. But unlike Hindi and Urdu, Bahasa Indonesia and Melayu is the most similar in their standard form.
As a Sabahan Malay dialect speaker, I often understand Indonesian more than Kuala Lumpur/Selangor Malay dialect 😂😂
@@JosephPrabenon oh yeah? I heard from some Indonesian friends that went to Sabah that Sabahnese dialect is easier to understand than peninsular malay
@@noname-vp6vf Definitely! Most of the time, Indonesians and Sabahans pronounce the words like how they're spelt, so it's really not that hard to understand each other. On the other hand, most Malay dialects like Central Malay (K.L, Selangor, etc.) and Southern Malay (Johor, Melaka, etc.) have weird pronunciations on certain words. 😁😁 For example, whenever a word ends with 'a', they pronounce it as a schwa.
Malaysian mix Indonesian here! Up!
Yeah, Malaysian and Indonesian language is merely political.
Just like Serbs, Bosniaks, Croats and Montenegran (or whatev),
we Malaysians and Indonesian will make sure you know the language is distinct🤣
If Sabahan, Kelantanese and (Strait) Malay can adopt one language,
If Javanese, Sundanese, Madurese, Acehnese, Buginese can adopt one official language,
I know Malaysia and Indonesia can!
I was going into this video fully expecting you to dunk on Afrikaans. It's good to see someone who knows what they're talkin about.
Afrikaans doesn’t exist. I remember researching Wikipedia for school and the first option for language was Afrikaans. I always thought it was some sort of joke because it’s literally Dutch but the words are spelt like how a 4 year old would spell it.
Dutch people making fun of Afrikaans is pretty brave
I have been speaking Afrikaans my whole life. It's a distinct language that's been developing separately from Dutch for centuries. Many Malay, Portuguese, and Bantu influences. The grammar is pretty different (for example, we almost always use perfect past tense), and Afrikaans has gone through a significant vowel shift.
@@aspookyeel I don't have any problem with Dutch people. Most of them are really nice. It's English people who should watch out when making fun of Afrikaans.
@@wintutorials2282 afrikaans sounds like a sexy grizzled cowboy language, while dutch sounds like a whimsical fairytale gnome language
As a Chinese that knows Canto and Mandarin, I can confirm that all "dialects" are in fact separate languages. For example, my mother's family speaks a dialect of Min, yet I cannot make out a WORD they are saying.
As an Indian I'm really fascinated how despite having so many languages in China, only Mandarin is the official one. Wish it was so simple in India too
@hongkonger885
If all "dialects" are in fact separate languages then what is the use of the word "dialect"? Does it ("dialect") have a meaning or not?
@@mr.commenter7953 Bro here is my opinion as a Chinese dude: 1) All of the Chinese dialects/languages have similar grammars and vocabs (regional variation still exists though). Major difference is the pronunciation. But Chinese writings (characters) separates pronunciation and meaning so even if people can't talk to each other, they can still communicate by writing the same Chinese characters. 2) Of course, nowadays everyone in the young generation knows standard Mandarin. 3) At high level, ALL chinese dialects/languages converge to classical Chinese, with the same sets of classical literature that can be studied and understood by anyone who can read Chinese characters. In other words, the Chinese dialects/languages lack the cultural independence to be categorized as separate languages despite being phonetically different. This is opposite to Urdu/Hindi, which are linguistically the same language but at the high level, urdu and hindi diverge to Persian/Arabic and Sanskrit respectively. 4) Mandarin is the national language, but in the minority regions (Mongolian, Zhuang, Tibetan, Yi, Kazakh, Uyghur, Hmong, etc), minorities languages specific to those regions are also the official language alongside with Mandarin with their own publications, TV shows, etc that are distinct from Chinese. I have a feeling that foreigners often underestimates the sheer cultural diversity of China, which is actually comparable to the diversity in India.
@@mr.commenter7953 The difference is that the Chinese languages are all closely related, whereas in India the Dravidian languages are very different. As far as I understand, China is sort of like north India only (vs north + south India)
@@yizhao3633 "regional variation" may be an accurate description when translating something like a formal text, but comparing the vernaculars directly it's very easy to find much greater divergence. for example the sentence "Are these things theirs?" in cantonese: 呢啲嘢係咪佢哋嘅？ compared to mandarin: 這些東西是不是他們的？ -- not a single character is the same! this isn't to mention grammatical elements such as definite articles, sentence final particles etc. that are unique to cantonese. 唔緊要囉，個任務已經做晒啫嘛。sentences like this can't be directly translated to mandarin without losing some of the meaning.
My Hindi and Urdu friends speak to each other in their tongues and have no trouble understanding each other. They even talk to Punjabi and Gujarati people and seem to have no trouble understanding them despite not using the same language.
They speak the common tongue Hindustani, the standard versions of each language are now mutually unintelligible
gujarati and punjabi are much harder to understand but we get like 50% of it lmfao when we speak to other hindustani speakers as long as you don't use big formal words it's very easy to communicate
@@msruag what about kashur/kashmiri
Cxay kys chi nav 💀
Kait chukh rozaan ☠️.
urdu in it's pure form is barely mutually intelligible with hindi. only the sentence structure is the same. equivalent words are often very different. urdu has mostly persian, arabic and original urdu words with a few hindi words sprinkled in. hindi is mostly sanskrit in its pure form.
@@meesamkhan4767 Hindi and Urdu are never spoken in pure form in day-to-day life. Just to make these two "same languages" different, Urdu has been "Persianized" and Hindi has been "Sanskritized". But that's only for literature or formal usage. Common people speak almost the same language.
The video cut out at 7:23
Thankyou for telling me l couldn't see with my eyes
Why do you feel like you need to say this😭😭😫
That’s called ending a video bro 😭
@@MrWide-ht9rp It’s too jarring, usually videos have a proper conclusion and don’t end on a question. Or the music fades out. Something to indicate the video is over
Exactly @@b__c7538
My favorite example is Persian. Dari, Farsi and Tajik are just one language. Far more similar than how Hindi and Urdu are similar (a lot of nouns and verbs are very different in the two languages, with Hindi being much more heavily influenced by Sanskrit as opposed to Persian). Dari, Farsi and Tajik are essentially indistinguishable.
I heard that Dari is more conservative than Farsi and Tajik, and Tajik undoubtedly has Russian influence due to Tajikistan being a former Soviet republic.
Dari and tajik are recognised as dailects by their own speakers, afghanis themselves all it "afghani farsi"
@@len-1768 dari is the language of the court and yea its more formal because persians love freaking shortening everything
As someone who speaks daring i could not tell you anything a persian or tajik is saying 🙏🙏🔥🔥🔥
Sanskrit (& some derivatives adapting sam words) borrowed from Persian (or Persian borrowed from Sanskrit to be politically correct) some words - "ab" for water (Punjabi adapted & calls her region as Panch-ab or Punjab, land of five rivers) or "sthan" for a place. Sthan has no Islamic pedigree but an ancient "Sanatan" word and Arabs don't call theirs as Arabstan but some Hindi/Urdu speakers do..
A native speaker of Kazakh language here. Recently I've seen a tiktok video, i thought it was in Kazakh but seems like it was in Karakalpak language, I realized it in the end only. Nogai language sounds like Kazakh with some weird lisp, still completely understandable. Kyrgyz language sounds like drunk Kazakh to me (and Kazakh sounds like girlish Kyrgyz to them) and I need 5 minutes of exposure to start understanding it well. Completely understandable in written form, apart from few words
Қарақалпақтар сөйлегенде қазақшадан айнымайды,тек -дар-дер,-тар-тер орнына бір -лар жалғайтын секілді😂
Қателеспесем,ноғай,қарақалпақ және қазақ тілдері түркі отбасының ішінде қыпшақ тармағын құрайды.
Өзбек пен ұйғыр қарлұқ тармағын,ал түрікмен тілі түрік пен әзірбайжан тілімен бірге оғыз тармағын құрайды.
Қырғыз,татар,башқұрт тілдерін я қыпшақ деп санайды,я бөлектеді.
Ең оқшау түркі тілдеріне чуваш,якут кіреді.
Every Indian and Pakistani I meet always claims to be trilingual. I ask what languages they speak? "Hindi, Urdu and English" They look so proud too but when I ask "So when did you learn Urdu and when did you learn Hindi" they have no answer or they saw they learned it at the same time lmfao
I was taught to speak Sicilian since childhood, my parent's dialect is from the province of Palermo. Later on, I learned Italian in school. I had always been led to believe that Sicilian was a dialect of Italian until I was explained that Sicilian is a language and was one of the oldest literary traditions of all the languages and dialects of Italy. In fact, during the Middle Ages, Sicilian poetry was read throughout the Italian peninsula. Later as he explained, Tuscan became the more common language.
The Sicilian spoken today are provincial variants of the original Sicilian language.
True
for anyone wondering what modi and arif alvi are saying to each other at 6:30 modi says "go to hell!" and he responds "YOU go to hell!"
Omg wriostheley pfp spotted😭
Every Indian and Pakistani I meet always claims to be trilingual. I ask what languages they speak? "Hindi, Urdu and English" They look so proud too but when I ask "So when did you learn Urdu and when did you learn Hindi" they have no answer or they saw they learned it at the same time lmfao
4:52 actually that's incorrect, Serbian (and Montenegrin which, unlike the other varieties, has no official recognition anywhere outside of areas of Montenegro) is written in the latin script as well, these days it's actually more common to read serbian texts in latin than it is to read them in cyrillic since most signs, books, websites and messages online are written in latin for convenience, out of the habit of the writers (why switch to a cyrillic keyboard if you wanna write sth in serbian and then back to the latin one for English when you can use the latin one for both) or for inclusivity with the other ex-yugos. This last one is usually done by writers since standard serbian in latin barely has any differences compared to standard croatian, they're comparable to the differences between British "colour" and American "color" and how British people use "pavement" while Americans use "sidewalk".
Tho I must note that this only applies to STANDARD serbian and STANDARD croatian which are both based on the SAME Shtokavian dialect, aka. the east Herzegovian sub-dialect, there are other Nashki/Serbo-Croatian dialects that are not nearly as mutually intelligible as the standard varieties are such as Chakavian, Kaikavian and Torlakian of which the last one, Torlakian, is a transitional dialect between standard Serbo-Croatian and standard Bulgarian and Kaikavian is a transitional dialect between standard Serbo-Croatian and standard Slovene.
Basically
The language is called Serbo-Croatian (colloquially called "Nashki") and is based on the Shtokavian dialect.
Its varieities are: Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian.
Its dialects are: Shtokavian, Kaikavian, Chakavian and Torlakian.
Perfect way of summing it up. The actual, natural differences between the language don’t even respect its nations’ borders.
Never seen Štokavski Kajkavski and Čakavski written in English. Also I thought Serbs use Kajkavian not Shtokavian?
Also for foreigners Nashki or Naški (might aswell write "Нашки") is kinda translated as "Ours"
@rigidchalice1252 Oh that's not how they're written in English, but I wanted people to be able to read "Kajkavski" as it's pronounced in Serbo-Croatian instead of reading "Kađkavski" since their J is our Đ.
Also no, Serbs use exclusively Shtokavian, same goes for all of Bosnia, all of Montenegro, Slavonia, Dubrovnik and the inner parts of Dalmatia (basically Lika and areas along the Bosnian border). Only areas around Zagreb use Kaikavian, while the coastal cities in Dalmatia, as well as Istria and the Adriatic islands, use Chakavian.
And yea, I again went with the mentality of "oh well, at least they'll be able to read it" so I wrote "Nashki/Naški/Нашки" tho it basically means "Our (language)" with the 'language' part being implied so it's not mentioned out loud.
I see people write on internet in Serbo-Croatian
i disagree
Wait until you look at the online wars started over arguments about Malay vs Standard Bahasa vs Bahasa Indonesia
here's the difference btw
rubah cepat itu melompat melepasi anjing malas itu (cmiiw)
rubah cepat itu melompat melewati anjing yang malas itu
si rubah cepat itu loncat ngelewatin si anjing males itu
The differences between bahasa Malaysia/ Melayu vs Bahasa Indonesia are comparable to American English and English spoken in UK.
Hence in reality Indonesian and Malay are the same language
@@yeoseotidle2290 hillarious fact we (Malay Speakers) are more understand each other than Mandarin and Kanton speakers.
it is basically the same languange. but tbh, the racism that divide those folks and make their language into a "separate" language are too funny to be discontinued, lmao.
@@yeoseotidle2290 if it's the same language, then why do Indonesians watch Malaysian cartoons have to use subtitles or vice versa when Malaysians watch Indonesian soap operas?
even though Pakistanis still understand when watching Bollywood movies
This happens with Catalan too, many people in Valencia will crucify you if you dare to say that they speak the same language as Catalans even though there are no many differences between one another and that "valencian" is actually spoken in Catalonia too (they speak the occidental branch of the language that it's also spoken in inner Catalonia). In the Balearic Islands the same thing happens with some people telling you that they speak Mallorcan (or their respective insular dialect) rather than Catalan.
The same case can be done with Portuguese - Galician.
They also say that Valencian is older than Catalan, meaning that it was spoken before the Catalans arrived to Valencia, which a literal lie that is spread through politics, simply because they want to distance themselves from the separatist movements in Catalonia. I myself have family in Valencia and some of them regurgitate the same pseudo arguments that they heard in the media while I sit there and facepalm. Now it’s true that the name of “Valencia” already held political power before the name “Catalonia” did and it’s also true that there are some cultural differences between those autonomous communities, but that doesn’t mean that the Catalan language as we know it today didn’t exist before it arrived in Valencia. This unfortunately happens everywhere in the world, some politicians and people running for political power don’t actually care about facts or solving issues, they only care about money and power. Like for example conservative politicians in the USA spreading lies and misinformation about hot topics like abortion, queer people (especially trans people) and how important it is to “bring God back to country”, so religious indoctrination. The best thing to do, is to fact check everything and don’t randomly listen to what some problematic people in the media have to say. Catalan, Valencian and Balearic are the same language!
And also, the AVL which regulates "valencian" follows the rules of the IEC which regulates catalan, with a few changes in some words (mostly loanwords from spanish like arena instead of sorra), some accents (València - Valéncia) and preferred verb variations (Jo canto - jo cante)
maybe will be better to say Catalo-Valencian or if you like to count the speakers in france and andorra Catalo-Occitan or Occitan-Catalan
I will say that the first distint way to call the language was Marches in reference to Marca-Hispanica and second Valencian third Catalan (Catalan was the fusion of diferent variations of the languages)
Portuguese and Galician are absolutely different languages, just very similar, even Portuguese and Spanish are similar but Galician is even closer to Portuguese
Every Indian and Pakistani I meet always claims to be trilingual. I ask what languages they speak? "Hindi, Urdu and English" They look so proud too but when I ask "So when did you learn Urdu and when did you learn Hindi" they have no answer or they saw they learned it at the same time lmfao
for Chinese, it's funny because now Taiwan is calling their dialect of Hokkien (southern Min) as Taiwanese, and considers it a distinct language that deserves a separate name from Hokkien, when it's just Hokkien with small differences.
💀
Literally Hokkien exists on Fujian too legit Taiwanese Hokkien is a word it's basically Hokkien but Taiwanese and Fujianese Hokkien would be called Fujianese Hokkien. Also we gonna mention Teochew or Hainanese Min?
Hokkien is completely different from Mandarin
💀
I think OP mixed things up here.
1) What OP is trying to say: On the identification of name: Progressive(?) linguists are arguing it should be called "Taiwanese" instead of "Hokkien" due to its vocabulary differences and loanwords, but does not deny the fact that it originates within Hokkien. This can be mirrored to how Latin Spanish/Brazillian Portuguese wants its own recognition instead of being simply called "Spanish/Portuguese", but never denies that it is from Spanish/Portugese.
2) As @hayabusa1329 has said, on the identification of dialect/language: They are calling it a distinct language from "Chinese(漢語)", and not from Hokkien. This can be seen as before, Hokkien is considered inferior to Mandarin Chinese, where Mandarin is a 'language' and Hokkien a 'dialect', now they are put to the same status, hence now BOTH are not a dialect and a "national language" status in the ROC.
You can see OP mixed up concepts 1 and 2. I hope this clears things up, and prevent further misinformation.
0:48 is also erroneous. They are considered dialects (or, more precisely, topolects) of Chinese, not dialects of Mandarin. Dialects of Mandarin would be those like Sz-chwan dialect or Bei-jing dialect.
bruh what is this rendering of Sichuan you're using here
Where's my Sz-Chwan sauce, I want Sz-Chwan sauce
Here in the Philippines, we were taught that Filipino is a national language and that the rest of these languages we have are considered dialects even though they have different words making it a separate language
those were never considered dialects. filipinos just learned that from other countries decades ago.
really I thought it's widely accepted Filipino is official standard of Tagalog, while other languages have different status
@@szymonlechdzieciol it is. some people are just confused what being a language and dialect means and a lot dont know that theyre not mutually exclusive concepts.
Every Indian and Pakistani I meet always claims to be trilingual. I ask what languages they speak? "Hindi, Urdu and English" They look so proud too but when I ask "So when did you learn Urdu and when did you learn Hindi" they have no answer or they saw they learned it at the same time lmfao
Philippines has a very similar situation with China but with the Filipino language. It is literally just the Manila dialect of Tagalog, one out of 11 widely spoken PH languages, and out of 130 total PH languages in the country. Filipino and English both act as lingua franca, and in some places you may find people who know more English than Filipino.
Indeed
I think it's more appropriate if you compare the Filipino language with Italian instead of Chinese. But it sounds like that unlike Italy or China the Filipino languages aren't dying out nor being all lumped together as a dialect of Tagalog.
Meanwhile in The Philippines:
- “Do we speak a dialect or a Language?”
- “I don’t even know, bro”
Scots is a language when you apply all the usual rules of what is required to be a language, yet soundwise it still sounds like an English dialect
I would say it still sounding like an English dialect is quite subjective. Scots contains lots of sounds that are simply not present in English dialects, with some that are shared in the North-East, as a result of the Great Vowel Shift etc. It's common for English people to understand a lot of Scots but that could be just from exposure. Foreigners can have an extremely hard time, I know some non-native English speakers who are totally fluent and so comfortable speaking english, have had lots of exposure, but find Scots totally unnavigable. Even Americans famously can barely understand Scots, and I would say that given a pure Scots text, many English people would only get the gist, or even some Scottish people who aren't exposed to pure Scots. I speak quite a bit of Russian but find Ukrainian very difficult to understand, but some Russian people say that they can understand Ukrainian very well. Soundwise is a subjective term, and while it may apply when looking at British non-Scots speaking perspectives, when from a purely linguistic perspective I wouldn't say it applies (sorry for the absolute essay, this is my degree haha)
Montenegro's chill as fuck
I'll tell my Montenegrin uncle when he wakes up from his nap.
Well, as a person from Taiwan, I can say that the map at 0:15 is largely wrong about the situation in Taiwan. We speak Mandarin in everyday life, only an extremely small group of the people refuse to speak Mandarin to communicate with others. And funnily enough, the same group of people will also be very offended by the fact that the map implies "Taiwanese" (mostly Hokkien) has anything to do with China.
The map isn't wrong because it doesn't show what varieties are used most commonly in everyday speech but which varieties are "native" to which areas.
地圖沒有錯，地圖顯示的是兩岸各地的原生本土語言，臺灣的本土語言「臺語」就是指臺灣閩南語，官話只是國民政府在戰後遷臺後推行才普及，並不是臺灣的原生本土語言
@@jonesjohnathan664中文沒有這個Dialect/Language的分別問題，不用叫做語言。「方言」已經合適形容了。
不是沒有分，只是你沒有讀語言學
@@niku..
Taiwanese when
Taiwanese when indigenous people:
In the case of Portuguese, there's the complicated topic of Galician and Portuguese being either dialects of the same language (Galician-Portuguese/Galician/Portuguese) or seperate languages due to the Spanish influence on Galician in recent years. However, mutual intelligibility between both dialects is over 95% or even 98%, with both Lusophone and Galician people having no issues communicating. The reason they became classified as different languages was, ultimately, for political reasons.
The current official writing system for Galician is based off of Spanish, a seperate language, to the point sometimes it might be unnatural speach wise, and the organisation that rules over the language has even claimed certain words are incorrect due to them being "Portuguese loan words", while the Spanish loan words are accepted.
However there's a "reintegrationist" writing system based off of the Portuguese Orthographic Agreement, with characteristics exclusive to the Galician dialect like "polo/pola" while in Portuguese "pelo/pela", "cançom" instead of "canção", and so on, and words closer to the Galician spoken before the heavier Spanish influence (sometimes adapted from Portuguese).
And then there's Fala/Xalimego that also descends from medieval Galician, and also Eonavian/Galician-Asturian (a creole?), and let's not forget Mirandese, an Asturleonese language that sounds like a variety of European Portuguese.
Minor correction. Pakistani Urdu uses a modified Persian script not Arabic. While the Persian Alphabet was heavily inspired by the Arabic script they're both separate Alphabets because the Persian script has a few extra letters are unknown in the Arabic Alphabet.
bruh this Persian script is just Arabic Alphabet with extra 4 added letters my friend learned Persian in university I am an Arabic speaker and can read Persian just fine but I don't understand it except the shared words between the languages
@@Ashraf-Hrira well like I Pakistan has their own alphabet they just modified the Persian one. So I wonder if you can read Urdu or Ottoman Turkish just fine? (modern day Turkey uses the Latin Alphabet)
@@DarkWolff21 I never tried to read Urdu before but a Turkish guy I met on Discord once typed Turkish in Arabic Alphabet I thought it with Farsi first time I saw it until he told me it was Ottoman Turkish
@Ashraf-Hrira that's weird because Ottoman Turkish was only spoken by the Turkish elite and was very different from the Turkish the Ottoman peasants spoken in modern day Turkey. I heard it was very difficult for even Turkish people to speak and learn due to its heavy Persian and Arabic influences.
@@DarkWolff21 to be honest I have no idea about languages other than Arabic I hardly speak English as a 2nd language I mainly learn it not from school but from video games and American Action movies and the western side of youtube
As a Pakistani Urdu speaker this has confused me too 😭 I have a ton of Indian friends and we manage to communicate with ease, even though they speak Hindi
The muslims of the Subcontinent spoke Persian as the state and judicial language. After the 1857 mutiny the British banned the speach, recording and publishing of Persian in the British Raj. As a result the Muslims fell back on Urdu.
In Pakistan, depending on which province you come from, Persian is a mandatory subject in school.
1:56 this map is highly misleading. The Italians speaking a form of Greek, Croatian or Albanian measure in the thousands (proper Italian communities, not recent immigrants).
5:49 oh so that's why they both sound so similar but look completely different
Another example similar to the Hindustani one is Bahasa Melayu (Malaysia) and Bahasa Indonesia. Both are derived from the Johor-Riau Melayu which was a common trade language in the region. Really the reason why they are considered as 2 separate language is because of political reasons (Indonesians revere Bahasa Indonesia as a part of their national identity). Unlike Hindi and Urdu where the standard form is different and the vernacular form is similar, it is the other way around for Bahasa Indonesia and Bahasa Melayu.
Every Indian and Pakistani I meet always claims to be trilingual. I ask what languages they speak? "Hindi, Urdu and English" They look so proud too but when I ask "So when did you learn Urdu and when did you learn Hindi" they have no answer or they saw they learned it at the same time lmfao
Hey, I did my thesis on this topic! I argued that these social processes are evidence that the designation 'a language' is a subjective appellation by speakers and institutions when their form of communication is an aspect or symbol of their identity. It's a way to signal being part of the same group. Therefore, degree of structural difference is less important than speakers' meta-commentary on their language's status. Having a standard form helps too because it gives people something to rally around.
We are all dialects of proto-afro-asian-euro-austro-american anyways
no
We draw the line when millions of people claim that their 'language' is not a dialect. It's merely political. Great content and editing btw.
There are languages spoken by literally hundreds of people.
there's not a quota
@@FlagAnthem i did not say otherwise. What I said is when millions of people say that their dialect should be treated as a language we just comply with it.
@@FlagAnthemthere's a language spoken by 5 people and nobody's calling it a dialect (that could also be because it's a language isolate wildly different from anything else nearby)
you said it was "merely" the case. no it's not
no, that's not the case in linguistics, nobody in any serious setting uses political definitions for languages. There are nearly dying languages with 5-12 people left which are isolates spoken by a few angry people who hate each other because they're humans.
You misunderstand what they meant. They just meant that when languages that are functionally dialects of the same language gets treated as separate language for nationalism reasons, people just say ok and move on, and vice versa. A small language with 5 people that no one is contesting to be a dialect or language, will be treated as it should
Hindi and urdu are literally the same in casual form XD, great video bruv
It's not "casual" it's Hindustani
The standard versions are the only proper ones and are mutually unintelligible
@@varoonnone7159 ooh baby with that profile picture and whatever word soup you just wrote i'm not going to listen to you 😭
@@msruag
You love it ? I knew you would be a great fan
Is no one going to talk about the conversation (speech bubble) between the Hindi and Urdu speakers in this video! For those who don't understand either script, they are saying the same thing (Go to hell!).
i mean as an indian , i still have difficulty understanding urdu too , like some words that are persian and u guyz write and pronounce words differently too , fr example "to do" , a Hindi speaker would write "krte" while a urdu speaker would write "krtey" , they both aren't wrong just different way of pronouncing a given shabd (word) , while Hindi is written in devanagri , urdu is written in nastaliq , We too cannot group these both languages becz even though they both converge in informal tone , they widely diverge in formal tone , for ex - democracy in Hindi is "loktantra or prajatantr" and in urdu is "jhamuriyat" , and almost all the other formal tones are too different.
"A language is a dialect with an army and a navy" is the best explanation I know of.
The explanation of Hindi and Urdu was very revealing. When the area was split politically, I never understood how two different languages emerged... which did not occur when Germany, Vietnam and Korea were divided .Now I understand.
Small error on his part, Urdu didn't really add non Sanskrit vocabulary or remove Sanskrit Vocabulary (actually did a bit of the opposite in India) unlike what Hindi did in reverse.
One thing he missed was that barely anyone spoke the elitist Standard Urdu as a mother tongue and almost no one does these days, and absolutely no one ever spoke standard Hindi as a mother tongue as it didn't even exist until the late colonial era (or realistically after independence). Both languages are based on the prestige version of the upper-class people of Urdu Bazar Dehli (where the name Urdu comes from) which basically doesn't exist anymore in Old Delhi and is endangered amongst the descendants of the migrants in Pakistan.
Plus there are differences in grammar and big differences in pronunciation between the two languages and the standard Decani/Dakkhanni Dialect of Urdu (with it's own centuries old history); and the languages and dialects of other languages forced into Hindi classification by India are not the dialects of vice versa. Some of the so called Hindi dialects aren't really mutually intelligible within the dialect just like what happens in China.
people still speak versions of Urdu in India and Bollywood heavily relies on it for songs and cheesy Dialogue and some people consume Pakistani media as well, and many people in Pakistan are exposed to Indian material especially Bollywood, so there is usually awareness and even some cross fertilization in the colloquial forms, but people without exposure cannot communicate besides simple things. Imran Khan who has been to India like hundreds of times and consumed lots of Indian media has trouble answering even simple questions to a Hindi reporter.
Pakistani areas already had their own languages, urdu isn't native to Pakistan, it was brought by Indian muslims migrating to Pakistan and is a small natively speaken langauge which was made the lingua franca, overwhelming majority of Pakistan doesn't speak Urdu as native language
@@NagalandHH Yes and an even more overwhelming majority of Indians don't speak Urdu as a native language as well. Urdu was already the lingua franca especially on the Pakistani side of British Punjab, before Partition.
Up-to a quarter of West Pakistan's population after independence came came from India, the biggest being Punjabi followed by Hindustani/Urdu speakers (including Bhojpuri) and something similar happened in India with the biggest group being Bengali followed by Bihari groups.
Pakistan doesn't keep track of migrated non Hindustani/Urdu Groups (and underreports them like some others) especially Punjabis (and the Punjabis and some others groups from parts neighboring Pakistan themselves don't keep track of their Indian heritage). The migration was so high that even some scheduled caste and tribe people migrated to Pakistan despite being non-Muslims because Pakistan was originally intended to be mush bigger especially in what's now east India for the minorities of South Asia including Sikhs, Buddhists, Scheduled Caste and Tribes and so on but it didn't pan out that ways. Only Manipur and Delhi had the same level of migration (arguable more for Manipur) as Pakistan.
The situation in India is so bad right now that people in Delhi where the name and the standard comes from, speak worse Urdu than Islamabad, only Lucknow coming close to Karachi even though people in Karachi usually butcher it with slang.
Urdu still has a ton of Sanskrit btw, probably just in modified form. But yeah you're spot on otherwise. I think a video about the history and different languages involved in Urdu would be really cool cause we borrow words from like 96 different languages.
One thing I’ve heard before is that Serbo-Croatian being multiple languages is like if English was considered different languages in all the different countries it’s spoken in.
not ALL the countries its spoken in, its like the difference between standard american english and standard british english. different pronounciation, emphasis, expressions and slang, but it is extremely easy to communicate
The standardization is a lie neither American nor British English are particularly uniform. In order for someone from south Birmingham to communicate with someone from rural West Virginia they are both gonna have to talk real slow while poorly affecting a Posh & midwestern dialect respectively.
Afrikaans (spoken in South-Africa) was a dialect of Dutch until probably 1925 when it was made an official language of South-Africa. Nowadays it's considered a daughter-language of Dutch and is by all means a seperate language.
But I (being from Belgium) can read and understand Afrikaans without problems and have far more problems understanding someone from Drenthe (northern parts of the Netherlands) than someone from Cape Town, South Africa. The latter is considered to be speaking a different language while the Dutchman is supposed to speak the same language as me.
I find this to be very fascinating.
I like people from Drenthe by the way. They just seem to talk with a hot potatoe in their mouth
I really don't even know why Afrikaans is considered a language, it's easier to understand than some Dutch and Flemish dialects.
bro just got tired of researching at one point and just uploaded the thing as is
I love the way Arabs across countries insist they are speaking variations of the same language even though they can't understand each other whereas Croats and Serbs who understand each other perfectly insist they are speaking separate languages. Even though the Croat from Zagreb can understand the Serb from Belgrade more easily than he can understand some of his fellow Croats speaking "Croatian" dialects.
The encouraging thing though is that although you do occasionally come across the odd nationalist online mostly younger people from the ex-Yugoslav countries are more chill about this point and are happy to admit they are more dialects than languages.
As a native speaker of English when I first started learning Serbo-Croat or BCS as it's often called now I realised quickly that the differences between the two languages were not as big as the differences between various forms of English and Spanish or even French if you include Québec French. However, speakers of these dialects have no problem referring to them as English, Spanish or French because it's a recognition of where the language originated. With Serbo-Croat you can't pinpoint the name of a country and/or people where the language first developed so each nation as they went their own way just called it 'our' language and named it after themselves.
That's because South Slavic dialects are grouped into languages based on their speakers' ethnicity, since purely linguistic criteria simply don't work here. That's why a Croatian dialect can be completely impenetrable to other Croats, but they can understand most Serbian dialects (almost) perfectly. And the other way round. The differences between Croatian and Serbian standards aren't as small as people think. I'd say, lexically, there are more differences than between standard American and UK English... even though the situation is complex, because you get various standard Serbian words that are also used in certain Croatian dialects, or some words that are common in Croatia but they sound archaic or bookish to Serbs, etc.
I'm calling it now, this channel gonna blow up
As a Pakistani I can confirm that I have had no problems communicating with people who speak Hindi. It’s uncanny how similar both languages are really. The hate blinds us but all in all you can’t deny that it’s the same picture no matter how much corporate tells you to find the difference
There's a language called Rajbanshi spoken in Nepal, that, in Bangladesh, is only considered a dialect of Bengali. It's a really pretty language, that's disappearing gradually, unfortunately.
I speak that language too
Are you koch-rajbongshi as well ?
Same with Syloti and Chitagongiya. Syloti has its seperate script too.
7:18
I’ve heard jokes about this. Apparently, Scandinavians have no trouble understanding each other because they just speak English 😂
the Slav division adopted Standard English as a panslavic language, too.
First picture 0:00 is Seoul, Korea, not China
So the common threads of categorizing dialects as languages stems from the desire to distinguish cultural identity and relatedly, to adopt different scripts, whereas categorizing languages as mere dialects have the exact opposite approach. Great video, make more like this!!
Love the mention of Arabic at the end, it’s a great question. You are correct in saying that someone speaking Moroccan/Darija and someone speaking Gulf/Khaliji will struggle to communicate. Let’s say they may understand ~50% of what the other is saying. As a native Arabic speaker, let me add some more perspective. Generally, Arab countries that neighbor each other will have the least difficulty understanding each other’s dialects - they will be pretty similar. As you go to countries/dialects that are farther away, the similarities lessen, and the dialects become less mutually intelligible. So for that Gulf Arabic example, while Darija is pretty distinct, Mesopotamian/Iraqi Arabic sounds a lot more similar in comparison.
Great video btw 🔥
Not a hot take, you nailed it with chinese.
I mean some of the dialects are even from the same base-language, they just use the same script.
As a first video, this is neat. Keep it up, improve yourself as you go. I liked it.
0:03 This is not a hot take. Everyone with a modicum of knowledge knows that Arabic and Chinese are not languages, but actually language groups.
@@anonymouslyopinionated656 chinese, yes. arabic, not a "language groups".
Chinese definitely. Arabic - I think only Morocco-Algeria dialects are so far flunged they maybe should be reclassified.
Great video, especially for your first ever upload. Looking forward to seeing more from you - keep up the great work!
7:05 not necessarily. if a moroccan spoke slowly he/she will be understood to a great extent
people of morocco usually use really old arabic words that are not used in daily conversations across other dialects which makes it harder for other arabs to decipher. not to mention how fast they talk.
in fact, one could argue that current dialects are closer to quranic arabic than MSA itself
Closer than MSA? I don't think so. They use a lot of French words. Sometimes it sounds like they're speaking French
@@zs7930 you should think so. the structure of current MSA is influenced by english and is nothing similar to old arabic.
"أنا أقوم بفعل ذلك"
"تم اختراع شيء جديد"
"عليك ان تقوم بذلك. لقد فعلت ذلك"
etc... it's like speaking in english using google translator
to illustrate, moroccan arabic for example uses the pronoun "نحن" (we) to refer to first person, which is something quranic arabic does a lot.
also no. they don't sound like they're speaking french. at all.
here is a whole paragraph in moroccan arabic:
السلام عليكم، كيفاش المغاربة كيهدرو بالفرنسية؟ غير حيت فيها شوية دالكلمات رجعت فرنسية صافي؟ اللغة الهندية عامرة بالكلمات الانجليزية وبالمنطق تاعك لازم نعتبروها انجليزية حتا هي، ماشي هندية. ونزيدك فحال اللي قلت فالتعليق اللول المغربية فيها كلمات عربية قحة بلا قياس. دابا اذا بغيتي نعطيك 100 كلمة عربية قديمة مابقاتشي كاتستعمل غير فالمغربية بوحدها.
اه وقبل ما تقول هاذي هدرتك كاتحاول تخليها مناسبة مع الفصحى وباقي اللهجات، راك غالط، هذي المغربية عادية بلا اي كلمات فرنسية
can you please give me one single french word out of it?
even those french words you're referring to are replaceable with arabic words in everyday speech.
the word "بلاصة" which means "place" came from french, you can use "موطاع" instead of it, which came from the arabic word "موضع". there aren't much foreign words that aren't replaceable.
4:32 you know what, I think these guys should form one country
I mean for the arabic thing its the same as hindi and urdu its literally just adjusting phrases and I can understand morrocan, the difficulty actually comes down to the fact that the pace of morrocan is wildly faster than normal.
as a pakistani, i can confirm hindu and urdu are indistinguishable from one another. some words are different between the two but hindi and urdu arent very different despite the way they are written.
And also one of the diffirencs between serbo_croatian language are months because in Croatian the months are totally different
The Chinese government doesn't consider Yue, Hakka, Wu etc. as dialects of Mandarin and "Mandarin" in a Chinese context solely refers to Putonghua or what we call "Standard Mandarin". Dongbeihua or Shandonghua for instance are not considered "Mandarin" within a Chinese context even if foreigners consider them variants of Mandarin. 1:32 also features a picture of women from a minority that doesn't speak any dialect of Chinese dialect (or "Sinitic language" if you will), so why would it even form a basis of their identity?
Some people just can't help but be terminally wrong on anything related to Asia or Africa.
It's been such a long time since I laughed so much at an educational video, keep up the good work man!
2:05 there is NO SUCH THING as emilianromagnol, it's a linguistic classification of close languages (the Emilian languages, Romagnol and, arguably, the Gallopicene). Saying it's a language is like saying you speak Anglofrisian instead of English
3:00 apart that we are talking about 1300s Florentine which is totally not the same as MODERN Florentine (no,, Dante did not say "la hoha hola hon la hannucia horta horta" and would totally feel more at home in Corsica), Italian was already around as a standardized language since 1600.
What's the earliest record of 'la gorgia Toscana', do you know?
Well it was used only by poets and high class society but the Majority of the people didnt spoke italian and some never heard it in Their lifes
Ma in realtà l'emiliano e il romagnolo sono estremamente simili e separati solo e unicamente per ragioni camapnilistiche, ma sta cosa a quanto pare ai romagnoli non graba. Inoltre il gallo italico marchigiano è più distinto dal romagnolo di quanto il romagnolo non lo sia con lemiliano
The standard Hindi and Urdu are also really similar. But the spoken forms are so close that you can understand each other completely. I speak Hindi and I can talk to Pakistani people who speak Urdu. For me it sounds 90% same, just different word choices.
Opposite would be true for languages spoken within indian states. For example, Malayalam is spoken in Kerala but the Kasaragod Malayalam will not be understood by Kottayam Malayalam people.
Flemish and west Flemish also similar. Flemish is considered something between a dialect and a different language with Dutch. Spoken in Belgium. But people from West Belgium speak very different flemish than the rest that others can't understand them.
love linguistics and this style of editing + u pretty much covered what i was also thinking lmao
Was just about to comment that I hate this style of editing. To each his own, I guess.
I love the edition of this video 😂😂😂😂 You've got the brains and the sense of humour, mate💯💯
Thanks for pointing this out. I’m Otomi from central Mexico. The early Spanish colonial period was when my language was still one dialectal continuum. The 300,000 speakers we have today, can actually be split into multiple language groups with low intelligibility between each other.some linguists have declared them all variants, but they themselves cannot understand early Otomi colonial texts. The Otomi language of precortesian times of 1518 has become to these modern variants, what Classical Latin is to the Romance languages .
if let's say by miracle Mexico turn into more UE and Otomi would get their own Estonia within it - what would be your take about nations linguistic policy?
Great video bro
I think the parallel at the end with Arabic and Norwegian is fun to expand on
'Arabic' and 'Norwegian' both standardized their written language (with Fusha and Bokmål) but didn't standardize the oral language, so everybody sort of just speaks their own dialect, which really shines through when dialect continua are spread out through a big enough landmass as is the case with Arabic
It's awesome! At least from a Serbo-Croatian speaker's perspective.
Great video, u deserve more views!!!!
Also remember me as one of your first subscribers😂
Hearing Wu spoken by a non native had me for a second, but you got the spirit😉
There's something to mention though, I can tell you were trying to say it in Shanghainese(which in Shanghainese itself it spells 上海話Zaonhewo, better translated as Zaonhenese if to be authentic) from the usage of both nong儂(2nd person singular used widely across regions surrounding Hangzhou Bay) and sa(interrogative pronoun used by people north of the Hangzhou Bay and some regions in the west like Hangzhou). So here goes the problem, in Shanghainese 請問儂姓啥Chin men nong xin sa means 'What's your last/family name', as 姓xin translates as 'last name be', so to ask the whole name, you're supposed to say 請問儂叫啥Chin men nong jiao sa, since 叫jiao is the word that means 'call'.
While in Shanghainese you might end up something that resembles Mandarin closely, as it's the dialect influenced by it the most, it's not always the case with other dialects. My native language for instance, has many different ways to say it, and one of them is '儂(名字)謳seu/so shi' 'nong (meng zy eu seu/so shi', 'seu/so shi' is the interrogative pronoun of my dialect, in contrast to 'sa' of Shanghainese. Also, add the word 名字meng zy 'name' in the brackets if you want to emphasize. 謳eu is an old Wu(pronounced Ng in some conservative dialects) word meaning 'call', it's still used by many dialects south of the Hangzhou Bay but is not used by those north of it.
One more thing to say though, the current method classifying Sinitic languages is neither based on mutual intelligibility nor comparative linguistics.
So Wu language, or as I would call 'Wu languages', are not technically mutual intelligibal to each other internally and the intelligibility differs greatly depending on the region. I as a native speaker of a central-east dialect, have no difficulty understanding most dialects surrounding Hangzhou Bay, but it gets harder further into both north(Gusu, suzhou especially, while nominated to be the representative dialect of Wu language, the accent and intonation actually sounds quite foreign to me even, it might be a recent thing though as I heard younger generation speaks differantly from the old people. And also those close to the borders ofc, they sound foreign too) and south(southern dialects varies even more with all the mountains isolating each village, but surprisingly, even with these dialects that I can't really understand, the intonation hardly feels off).
Another funnny fact is, from a comparative linguistic point of view, current-day Mandarin dialects can't really trace back to a common Old-Mandarin ancestor, some of them trace back to Middle-Chinese like 粵Yue does. They are not descendants of a single Old-Mandarin language, but are merely grouped together due to certain characteristics. It's also worth mentioning that Mandarin languages are not totally mutual intelligibal to each other, especially with old traditoinal forms of the language. Many say it's just the southern branches of Mandarin that are hard to undersatnd, which is not true, to the east there's 膠東半島Jiaodong Peninsula and to the west we have 關中平原Guanzhong Plain and 河西走廊Hexi Corridor, the Mandarin varities spoken there ARE NOT mutual intelligible to Peking Madarin either, and I'm saying this as someone raised with Peking Mandarin as a first language alongside Wu.
i think separating urdu & hindi is awesome because then i get to claim to speak more languages on my resumé & flex on random people on the street who don’t know how similar they are
can't believe this is your only video. please post more !!!!
Nice video. I am from Southern India. Here there is a language known as Dakhini which is a language commonly spoken by the Muslim communities of the Deccan. Dakhini is often considered a dialect of urdu but a speaker of urdu will never be able to understand what the Dakhini speaker is saying. Dakhini itself has a bunch of dialects- Hyderabadi which is one of the most popular, Mysori- spoken in Karnataka, Nellori- Spoken in Andhra Pradesh Bidri- spoken in Northern Karnataka and Maharashtra and Vellori- Spoken in parts of Tamil Nadu. All have their own distinct accents and vocaubulary
Yeah this Hindi-Urdu being the same thing is oversimplified.
The standard/undiluted Decani/Dakkhanni/Dakhini so called dialect of Urdu (with it's own centuries old history); and the languages and dialects of other languages forced into Hindi classification by India, are not the dialects of vice versa. Some of the so called Hindi dialects aren't really mutually intelligible even within the said dialects just like what happens in China.
There are differences in grammar and big differences in pronunciation between Hindi and Urdu as well (although Punjabi influence has toned it down in the colloquial version). And regarding the very different vocabulary, Urdu didn't really add non Sanskrit vocabulary or remove Sanskrit Vocabulary (actually did a bit of the opposite in India) unlike what Hindi did in reverse.
Another thing people miss is that barely anyone spoke the elitist Standard Urdu as a mother tongue (or Lakhnavi Urdu for that matter) and almost no one does these days, and absolutely no one ever spoke standard-Hindi as a mother tongue as it didn't even exist until the late colonial era (or realistically after independence as a distinct language). Both languages are based on the prestige version of the then upper-class people of Urdu Bazar Dehli (where the name Urdu comes from) of colonial era which basically doesn't exist in it's original form anymore in Old Delhi (luckily not Lakhnavi Urdu in Lucknow though) and is endangered amongst the descendants of the migrants in Pakistan.
People still speak versions of Urdu in India and Bollywood heavily relies on it for songs and cheesy Dialogue and some people consume Pakistani media as well, and many people in Pakistan are exposed to Indian material especially Bollywood, so there is usually awareness and even some cross fertilization in the colloquial forms, but people without exposure cannot communicate besides simple things. Imran Khan who has been to India like hundreds of times and consumed lots of Indian media has trouble answering even simple questions to a Hindi reporter. And as you said that Dakhini can't be Understood by people from the north, so even simple things become difficult.
The reference to Italian and all the "dialects" reminded me of a "Golden Girls" episode where the girls decide to transform their garage into a guest room and Sophia manages to contract with a guy (who only speaks "Italian") to do the job if the girls are willing to do the work. The guy will give the instructions in Italian (well, Sicilian) and Sophia will translate. Eventually, there's a misunderstanding and Sophia explains that, in Sicily, every village has its own dialect before correcting herself with "actually, every house has its own dialect."
Great video. Great points. Standard Mandarin is the most common language in China, but in no ways the only language spoken.
Actually, in bosnia, we also use the cerellic alphabet and its thought in the schools[once a week we use the cerellic and the other we use the latin one , but the nationalist are trying to ditch the system sadly ], especially if u are from republika srpska ,since the population consists mostly of serbs .
this also applies to german in both ways, so i was surprised when you didn't mention it:
a) swiss german, bavarian german and austrian german are extremely different from what someone from hamburg or berlin might speak, making it really difficult for them to be intelligible to each other unless they both switch to standard german. people in switzerland when speaking to a german are known to speak to their swiss dialect when talking with their friends in order to not be understood by the german person.
b) dutch is way more similar to standard german than swiss german is to standard german, but is considered a separate language due to nationalism, dutch is more or less a glorified dialect of northwestern german.
Dutch people really don't like to hear this, but its very true in my experience. I speak fluent German and moved to Holland, after a few months I had a high standard of Dutch. When people asked how I learned so quickly I'd tell them I'm a linguist but really Dutch is like simpler German. I then moved to Austria where it took at least a month to acclimatise to the dialect, and after 5 months I couldn't speak the local dialect, the best I could do was mimic phrases.
Swiss-German is a whole other beast which is just absolutely incomprehensible schmarn.
TLDR Dutch is bootleg German.
A. Do people im berlin and hamburg speak hochdeutsch? Because I know there is a berlin dialect, but it is such a foreigner city that there's probably more hochdeutsch spoken.
B. Dutch is sort of like a mix of german and English when you think about it, which makes sense geographically, but maybe that's why there's a distinction
But in terms of origin Dutch came from Franconian-Rheine branch of West German, while High German came from South German Elbe dialects mixed with Hamburgian I think.
In origin High German is closer to South German but few centuries of separate evolution pushed them aside.
But generally it's good to at least treat those 3 branches as separate languages (and more of course English is not anymore inteligibly with Saxon)
@@alexd8532 Dutch is descendant of Franconian language - one used by Charlemagne.
I knew a guy in college who was studying German and the professor was Austrian and they said "the Germans are ruining our language" lol
I've been spitting this for years now, I am very glad you made a video about this!! Cool channel
this is such a good video why do you only have 400 subscribers
the really loud audio is always super funny when a creator uses it, you should make them more frequent and louder, i think you'll get more people enjoying your content that way
2:42 This Guy wrote "This Book". Good luck with googling.
Literally read bro
I believe that people consider Urdu and Hindi to be different languages because of politics. I am Indian and I believe that at the end of the day public hatred to each others countries creates divide. In a perfect world it wouldn't be this way, thank you for preventing that beans-on-toast land :D
im pretty much in the middle of that gradient of the hindi and urdu range because i learnt hindi in school and spoke urdu at home so i just ended up mixing the two but my parents will swear up and down that i speak urdu. and tbh there are a few minor changes in them and the biggest one i can think of off the top of my head would be love-its pyaar in hindi and muhabbat in urdu
Muhabbat and pyaar are used in both based on what ik.
@prakashdeshpande4730 I've mainly heard Pyaar in Indian tv series and I've heard muhabbat mainly in Pakistani tv series but it might be possible!
appreciate you quoted italian "dialects" as not mere dialects but real languages, indeed you are right i speak one of the lombard languages, bergamasco in particular, (because even lombard has its own dialects) and if i speak to another lombard or venetian with my dialect he is going to understand most of what i say if i speak slow, but if spoke even with tuscan person they are not going to understand almost anything(let alone someone from the south) except for words that are similar or identical to italian.
That’s the interesting thing about languages and dialects: they’re determined by arbitrary boundaries. Take a Latin speaker in Roman Hispania and draw a lineage all the way to their Spanish speaking descendant in modern day Spain. There was never a time when a Latin speaking mother gave birth to a Spanish speaking child. Almost just like the process of speciation in biology, language development is so gradual and blurry that the boxes we try to draw around them are necessarily arbitrary.
This is false. Established modern conventions put language separation as different orthography (in Europe) to mutual intelligibility. Any attempt otherwise is a play at semantics or an attempt to degrade the metaphysics between languages and dialects in a way that does not reflect reality.
The issue is that the Sinitic Languages are further apart than Latin languages are from each other by leaps and bounds from a sound perspective except for rhyming schemes and are much further apart geographically. They are not mutually intelligible and even have separate non intelligible orthography (many linguists use these as speciation points). The line being arbitrary is entirely wrong; the line exists in a fuzzy medium gray between a very obvious white and black - for example, calling English a dialect of Chinese or Chinese a dialect of English would be absurd.
These are even from a philosophical perspective languages in the sense that they stem from Middle Chinese and the branches are brother and sister to one another instead of mother and father.
Latin gave birth to Spanish and the other romance languages. This is not true for Chinese. Mandarin and Cantonese are siblings, and Middle Chinese has been extinct for a thousand years. In terms of Koreans to China, Joseon and the Qing state, were still using a form of written Chinese Koreans could not speak to talk to the Qing, because the language was a written cultural tradition
Cantonese, if it were counted separately, has by some metrics more speakers than multiple of the popular languages speakers.
@@shinybreloom4027 Metaphysics doesn't concern me at all. "Established modern conventions" establishing language separation is still just a convention. The existence of white and black still doesn't remove the fuzzy medium gray. If you want to take a Jordan Peterson-esque prescriptivist approach in a descriptivist field, I don't know what to tell you.
this is the niche internet genre that always fascinated me, and I think you may enjoy another example too- I'm a sylheti person hailing from Sylhet, a district in Bangladesh. My brother has done a lot of research into this and that's where I learnt this from- When we look at Bangladesh, it's considered that the entire country speaks 'dialects' of bengali, and the standard bengali is considered to be our official language. however, research makes you realise that the government created a unified language , derived mainly from the language that was used by the rich and powerful, to create 'shuddho' (meaning 'pure)' bengali. when we look at other lesser liked and discouraged 'dialects' of bengali, such as sylheti, chittangongiya (spoken in chittagong), kumilla bengali, etc, and you trace their lineage and their differences, it's very obviously different languages. in want of a nationalised unified front, the government has put in decades of brainwashing and helped internalise discrimination against the other benglai' dialects'. as the case with a lot of 'dialects' in this video, most bemgali dialect speakers cant really understand each other if they were never exposed to the other language in the past. my working theory of why people still manage to communicate is that all education and official institutes require speaking and usage in writing in standard bengali, and a combination of being exposed to it form a young age, along with being taught to treat their 'dialect' languages as inferior, makes people convinced unconsciously that all these languages are one, with the shuddo dialect being the real and the purest version. its very sad what we have come to in the name of nationalism, and small communities are popping up to protect these languages from fading. I know more about sylheti than the other languages, and what I can say is that it's being muddled with 'shuddho' bengali in an effort for people to sound more 'literate' and formal. the sylheti writing script has almost disappeared, and 99% didn't even know that it ever existed- because they belive sylheti to be a dialect of spoken bengali, and consider all 'dialects' of bengali to only have one written script.
Can you continue this topic with other languages like Malay and Indonesian?
It's fun that since , as you mentioned under Chinese standards, Wu and Mandarin are dialects, Chinese language learners often regard Dutch and German as merely dialects.
1 video, 43k views in 4 days, great stuff, well done
Many Slavic languages are like this as it's a relatively new language group. Another good example would be Czech and Slovak which, while having a couple distinguishable differences, are almost fully mutually intelligible. Slovaks however understand Czech slightly better (95%) than Czechs do Slovak (92.7%). I think this is mostly due to Slovaks being more accustomed to hearing Czech as their TV channels broadcast Czech movies much more frequently than vice versa and most don't bother with a Slovak dub if a more foreign movie/show already has a Czech one.
Why is the video starting with the image of Seoul?
As a Pakistani I'd say that Urdu and Hindi are generally the same language informally and also a lot of people in India speak Urdu unknowingly, because Urdu is still spoken there and a lot of times it's the language spoken in Bollywood movies while being advertised as Hindi, and at that point both of us can understand each other pretty easily but when someone speaks formal Hindi or starts using actual Hindi words that aren't just Urdu labelled as Hindi then it becomes completely unintelligble to us, I've seen videos of Indians and Pakistanis on instagram comparing words in their languages and one of the comments was them correcting the Indian telling him he's actually using an Urdu word and the actual Hindi word he showed was completely unrecognizable, and that's where I'd personally draw the line.