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This video was awesome Very informative and hella niche while having some banger humor and funny gif / vids This was so dope🔥

brain rot ahhh video but why was i locked in the whole time

"Austria and Germany are separated by a common language"

Re: Norwegian and Swedish, while both derive from the same old Norse language, they split into different languages ages ago. West Norse languages include Norwegian, Icelandic, Faroese, etc., while East Norse languages include Danish, Swedish, Gutnish, etc. But Norway was under the rule of Danes and then Swedes for centuries on end, and Norwegian converged with the East Norse languages, becoming mutually intelligible. This means Norwegian is not only mutually intelligible with Danish and Swedish, but actually more mutually intelligible with them than those two more closely related languages are with each other. Meanwhile, the other West Norse languages are mutually intelligible with each other, but not with Norwegian. That said, the closeness of Norwegian to Danish and Swedish is very visible when you look at the three from outside because you're almost certainly dealing with Bokmål (both the most common written form, and the one derived directly from Danish) and standardized newscaster Oslo Norwegian (which is the spoken form most heavily influenced by Danish) and not with the various dialects. Most Norwegians speak dialects that are less foreign-influenced, and have some more words and phrases in common with Icelandic. The more formal your Norwegian, the more easily Swedes and Danes understand - and Norwegians don't like to be formal. That said, Icelandic can be treacherous because of all the false friends - and quite funny, too. For example, the Icelandic word for short term parking (which is something like skammtímistað) translates into Norwegian as something much closer to "place for the hour of shame." So why is Norwegian considered a different language than Danish and Swedish? Because it has a different history and comes from a different branch of the Nordic language tree.

Hey comeback here! I was watching that!

It's obvious the Sinitic languages are from the same language family, though, akin to the Romance languages in Europe, all of which descend from Latin. I'd also add that early on in the divergent process, some of these individual languages may indeed have been mutually intelligible dialects. We're talking 3 millennia of interaction here; the same metric that is encouraging standardized speech in Chinese schools today encouraged standardized writing in the past, which would have kept similarities alive for longer than might otherwise be expected. Based on the discussion and the examples in the video, it seems language and dialect are political constructs as much as anything else, though there's definitely a connection to writing systems.

"A language is a dialect with an army and a navy" is the best explanation I know of.

And also one of the diffirencs between serbo_croatian language are months because in Croatian the months are totally different

How do you define a language? A language is a dialect with an army and navy

As a Hong Konger thank you for bringing up yue/cantonese as well as other languages! Unfortunately china only regards mandarin as chinese and ignoring others.

In Lingustics there is no answer for that. It just depends on how to categorise a lanaguage. We only say : A language is a dialect with an army. By the way, some 'subdialects' of the Sinitic dialects are not mutually intelligible LOL.

Bosnian/Croatian/Montenegrin/Serbian are absolutely dialects They're over 90% mutually intelligible and tbh are different in the same way that Australian English is different state to state. Source - Aussie Croat

What about Afrikaans

Afrikaans is not real

In Western Europe we have the whole mess of the Occitan-Catalan continuum, where there’s wild debate on a.whether Occitan is one language or several (especially on the Provençal side), and b.whether it and Catalan are separate languages or not. A double whammy of controversy!

My roomie once messaged a Pakistani guy in Hinglish on insta and they could totally understand each other. But boy the convo quickly became heated 😂

So the common threads of categorizing dialects as languages stems from the desire to distinguish cultural identity and relatedly, to adopt different scripts, whereas categorizing languages as mere dialects have the exact opposite approach. Great video, make more like this!!

This would be a good video without the nonstop brainrot memes

I think of Chinese (as a half Chinese person) all and every Chinese language

Urdu is a language, and is not spoken by just mslims

Bosnian and Croat are different languages.

I believe that people consider Urdu and Hindi to be different languages because of politics. I am Indian and I believe that at the end of the day public hatred to each others countries creates divide. In a perfect world it wouldn't be this way, thank you for preventing that beans-on-toast land :D

Sat up and actually paid attention as soon as I heard you pronounce it correctly 😂

I did the homework (emphasis on home, this is just my opinion) and my definition of language is thus: If a non-native speaker of language candidate A is able to communicate with a non-native speaker of language candidate B, then A and B are one language. Both speakers should be native speakers of languages unrelated to each other and the language candidate considered, and they both should have sufficiet understanding of the language they learned (B2 for instance).

Got hit hard in the first minute and a half with all the Sinitic languages that aren't Chinese. Holy shit, where do I learn them?

South Korea has successfully convinced a majority of the world that Korean is a language isolate when the Jeju "dialect" only has a 10% mutual intelligibility rate with standard Korean (which is roughly the same as Dutch and Norwegian)

Factual mistake at 0:56 -- Most Chinese dialects are derived from Middle Chinese (4th-12th centuries) except for Hakka (Min Chinese), which is generally believed to be a descendant of Old Chinese and a cousin of Middle Chinese. Google "Qieyun" (切韻) and "Guangyun" (廣韻) for more detail. Please do your fact checks before making public contents that could otherwise mislead people.

It's fun that since , as you mentioned under Chinese standards, Wu and Mandarin are dialects, Chinese language learners often regard Dutch and German as merely dialects.

7:05 this is really exaggerated to be honest, you can learn a dialect pretty easily just by exposure if you're a native Arabic speaker. Moroccan darija just sounds really different from any ither dialect.

You forgot Bulgarian and "Macedonian"

You left out Arabic, one of the worst culprits of the first misclassification

Ending felt like something out of the sopranos.

I get the sense that this guy hasn't actually studied linguistics at all. One of the first things you learn is that there is no objective distonction between language and dialect. It is a political and cultural distinction.

Ngl, as a speaker of multiple dialects of Arabic, darija is really the only standout. I can understand literally ANY dialect except darija. My native levantine, Egyptian, Sudanese, Yemeni, Gulf, Iraqi even tho it's difficult, I can understand them, but not darija.

It doesn't matter how you speak but what you say.

What are these visuals😂

What about Romanian and Moldovan?

Yeah as someone who speaks Shanghainese I tend to compare the difference between Shanghainese and mandarin to the difference between Spanish and Italian, except the fact that Shanghainese don’t really have a written form (I mean theoretically it does, but no one uses it really and it’s kinda just a textbook thing)

As a Pakistani I'd say that Urdu and Hindi are generally the same language informally and also a lot of people in India speak Urdu unknowingly, because Urdu is still spoken there and a lot of times it's the language spoken in Bollywood movies while being advertised as Hindi, and at that point both of us can understand each other pretty easily but when someone speaks formal Hindi or starts using actual Hindi words that aren't just Urdu labelled as Hindi then it becomes completely unintelligble to us, I've seen videos of Indians and Pakistanis on instagram comparing words in their languages and one of the comments was them correcting the Indian telling him he's actually using an Urdu word and the actual Hindi word he showed was completely unrecognizable, and that's where I'd personally draw the line.

hindi urdu are the same language, they are created differences to feel national identity. You can't determine Bollywood songs or abuses are Hindi or Urdu.

I actually wrote a college essay on the difference between dialect and language. The answer I came to is *checks notes* "Why the fuck did I choose to look this up? Oh god, it never ends. Every solution I come to raises 10x more questions. This is torture. If I hear mutual intelligibility one more time, I'm going to die."

That 'tm bhar mein jao' in urdu is something

so... where do we draw the line....??

As a Punjabi speakers understand Hindi and Urdu completely

It’s Hindi btw, Hindustani means basically like saying Indian

This is the same thing in the philippines. Filipino is not a language and tagalog isn’t the only language. There’s so many others that are completely different. I speak illonggo and tagalog. My uncles know three or five different Filipino languages

Sadly it's Turkey by right of conquest

chin men nong xin sa means what’s your surname, not what’s your name

Actually even Mandarin I consider is a branch of several languages not just a single language

this is the niche internet genre that always fascinated me, and I think you may enjoy another example too- I'm a sylheti person hailing from Sylhet, a district in Bangladesh. My brother has done a lot of research into this and that's where I learnt this from- When we look at Bangladesh, it's considered that the entire country speaks 'dialects' of bengali, and the standard bengali is considered to be our official language. however, research makes you realise that the government created a unified language , derived mainly from the language that was used by the rich and powerful, to create 'shuddho' (meaning 'pure)' bengali. when we look at other lesser liked and discouraged 'dialects' of bengali, such as sylheti, chittangongiya (spoken in chittagong), kumilla bengali, etc, and you trace their lineage and their differences, it's very obviously different languages. in want of a nationalised unified front, the government has put in decades of brainwashing and helped internalise discrimination against the other benglai' dialects'. as the case with a lot of 'dialects' in this video, most bemgali dialect speakers cant really understand each other if they were never exposed to the other language in the past. my working theory of why people still manage to communicate is that all education and official institutes require speaking and usage in writing in standard bengali, and a combination of being exposed to it form a young age, along with being taught to treat their 'dialect' languages as inferior, makes people convinced unconsciously that all these languages are one, with the shuddo dialect being the real and the purest version. its very sad what we have come to in the name of nationalism, and small communities are popping up to protect these languages from fading. I know more about sylheti than the other languages, and what I can say is that it's being muddled with 'shuddho' bengali in an effort for people to sound more 'literate' and formal. the sylheti writing script has almost disappeared, and 99% didn't even know that it ever existed- because they belive sylheti to be a dialect of spoken bengali, and consider all 'dialects' of bengali to only have one written script.