How to Read A Speaker Crossover Diagram | DIY Speaker Building
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- Опубликовано: 4 окт 2024
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-Kirby
Thanks! You are the only one on RUclips who explains these things simply enough for a beginner to understand
Need a video for newbies like me. The jargon came fast and furious right out of the gate. You need to define everything you say. Thank you.
DAWGGG!! PLEASE COME BACK MAN YOUR VIDEOS ARE FA FOR REAL MAN !!! HOPE YOURE DOING OKAY ON THIS QUARANTINE.
Very helpful. I'm a total newbie and this explained it in simple terms.
Two things you didn't touch upon in this relatively simple crossover is the fact that with a 12dB x-over like this, the phase inverts 180 degrees between the woofer and tweeter, therefore most designs will reverse the polarity of the tweeter to compensate and bring the two drivers back in phase so they sound more "coherent" and produce better imaging among the L/R pair of speakers...
And the other thing is that if you are going to spend the money on a Polypropylene capacitor for the woofer part of the circuit, then you should *definitely* ALSO be using that same type in the tweeter portion of the circuit, rather than the inferior sounding Electrolytic type as shown in this video!... If cost cutting is necessary because of budget I would use a Polypropylene cap in the tweeter and an electrolytic in the woofer circuit, especially considering that the larger uF values, (that you generally need for the woofer part), if using Poly caps can get very expensive, and the (generally lower) uF values used for the tweeter part can be easily obtained for a relatively inexpensive price... Also any sound quality degradation is noticed more in the tweeter high frequency detail, because the sound signal passes through the tweeter capacitor rather than being shunted to ground as in the woofer part.
Also, the physical *size* of the capacitor(s) is another thing to consider, especially in small, tight enclosures... Large values of Poly caps get *very* BIG...
Anyway, Yes, I'm sure you already know all of this stuff, (and maybe those details you are saving for a much more in depth, detailed video on how to design and build crossovers), but I thought I should mention it in passing... Maybe you could/should consider a more in depth video on crossovers?... Or if maybe you already have one? (As I'm sure a LOT of people out there could benefit from it!)
I look forward to more of your videos!
I bought a JBL 4310 speaker and the leads going to the woofer where reversed instead of the woofer moving out it was moving in so I reversed the leads to the proper post, Was that a no no? or is it ok that I did that?Cheers
Thanks for addressing the phasing issue, but I guess I still am confused by it. How does one differentiate the circuit that makes this advised vs one that does not?
It does address the phase change. Look at the diagram the tweeter phase is reversed.
@@chriswithall2518 Maybe so, but since he didn't mention that in this video, and it isn't totally obvious to someone that doesn't know better, I thought I would emphasize that in my comment. The diagram is tiny and relatively hard to read, especially if watched on a phone, as many people will be doing nowadays, and if you don't notice that tiny, unmentioned detail, then a novice might hook it up backwards.
@@garyvanremortel5218 Well, first and foremost, this "phase reversal of one driver to make the overall phase of the entire speaker system correct again" thing is just simply a general "rule of thumb" to *start out* with... MANY things change the overall phase output of a speaker though, including, but definitely not limited to even simply the individual drivers mounting depth and distance apart, relative to one another, so the "correct" polarity of the tweeter (AND midrange if applicable), ultimately absolutely HAS to be based on very careful final *listening* with a few different types of music, to the overall speaker system as a whole, in order to know which setting/connection of the terminals of any given driver sounds the most "coherent" and *clear* or "present" when listened to together with the other one(s) in the speaker system, as one connection/driver polarity will sound (somewhat to majorly) better than the opposite polarity connection!...
This is partly why speaker designing and real world building is such an extremely complicated, yet ultimately simple "artform", and why there are SO MANY different designs and brands of speakers throughout the world!... Part of it is "science" and part of it is totally subjective to the ear of the listener and/or designer!... You just have to find a speaker design that sounds amazing to YOUR ears, even if that design (may OR may not) follow the "typical" "rules" of speaker design!
the rain in the background is actually soothing
Oh good! I actually love the rain, we don't see it enough here.
Can you explain what each component dose
Like mining gold...I have tried to watch almost a hundred videos, and this one has what I wanted. Fantastic video. I would gladly pay for quality educational videos like this..
very simple and excellent explanation for a beginner to understand!!! Thanks a lot Kirby !!!
Best video for newbies ever.. well done.
Absolutely brilliant job there man! I wish I had a lecturer showing stuff like you in college?
Thanks. Rebuilt a cross over for the first time of a KLH speaker and learned a lot. Sounds great but I’d like to do some tweaks thanks your video.
Thank you so much Kirby, I've been looking for how to read and crossover high and low speakers.
Very Helpful tutorial that should Help a lot of aspiring DIYer to tackle crossover design! It looks hard, but once you wrap your head around it, it's actually fun! Thanks Kirby!!
Thanks, Jules! I hope it does. Almost as fun as designing crossovers!
Very helpful, thank you!
Wonderful crossover best vedio. Best 3way your crossover
Very useful, thanks
I was hoping that you would explain the function of the inductors and capacitors and explain why you chose those values of inductance/capacity... maybe a future video?
Too advanced for most beginners. It has to do with their impedance that varies with frequency. It's easier to explain how it works instead of why it works
A more in depth video on crossovers will be coming in the future. The last thing I want to do is scare people off with too much information too quickly. Thanks for watching!
Kirby Meets Audio I'm a new subscriber love your videos 👍 I want to know if choosing a 3 way crossover @ 4 ohms and installed with 2 speakers and tweeter (all 4 ohms) will change the impedance?
Nice video :) Mabye you could make a video on how to design crossovers ?
Thats coming in the future! Thanks for watching!
Yeah, also the voltage rating of every capacitors related to the impedance of the drivers.. :D
Tadas Dir exactly what I was going to ask, especially how to make 3 channel crossovers and how resistors come into play. maybe even how to find exsiting plans that fit the perfect requirements
you can't teach anyone to design a crossover in one video. that's a process that takes years of learning and is basically not doable without measuring equitment as soon as your speaker gets more complex than a 1way. at least not if you want a decent result.
Calculators are there for a reason then. Calculating things by hand would require you to almost be an electrical engineer in parts.
Brilliant video, really well explained.
Great Video. Thanks so much
Thanks for the video! Recently bought the plans for your redwood Bluetooth speaker and can't wait for the components to get in so I can make it
Thanks so much for your support Coy!
great video. ive been looking for a video on this subject for years.... thanks man
Thanks for watching!
Superb explanation
I liked and subscribed in the first 2mins of this video - you're awesome! Thanks so much.
What i needed for conpleting my elder kit in my 3d printed packman speaker i designed for this kit🤗 thanks.
Amazing video, thank you for your time.
Thanks, Irving!
Best and easy to understand about cross overs setup. I am your new subscriber from now on. Thanks for the video🖒
Great Video, learned much but Any video on how and what components to chose for the crossover? Capacitor and inductors values?
After researching, you are correct. I am not an electrical engineer and was not aware of the specialized use It seems there are in crossover applications. I was taught that all electrolytic capacitors were polarized, and although wikipedia is not a solid source, it even lists "all electrolytic capacitors are polarized". There seems to even be a trick in cheap crossover circuits where they use two polarized electrolytic capacitors in series with opposing polarities to get a non-polarized electrolytic capacitor with half the capacitance. It is good to learn. ;)
It's better to use film (MKT/MKP) caps, electrolytics give too much distortion
Agreed, not the best, but they are a great resource to mess around and experiment with crossovers at a lower cost. Nice film caps can cost a ton!
Maybe those 'audiophile' caps, but normal MKT/MKP caps are pretty cheap (~$1 or so) and you can't hear the difference anyway. There's no reason to use electrolytics in a crossover, unless it's for non-critical parts (zobel network for example). Even the cheapest film cap is better than the best electrolytic.
Another great video. I too would like to see an explanation of how you determine the inductance and capacitance. One point of contention, the symbol that you show for the capacitor on the schematic is for a non-polarized capacitor. The capacitors that you show in the circuit appear to be electrolytic and therefore have a positive and a negative lead.
Not all electrolytic capacitors are polarized. In the video I show one non-polarized electrolytic capacitor and one metabolized polypropylene capacitor. Thanks for watching!
Great video, Kirby. The question I always run into when picking crossover components is around power handling. For instance, some resistors say they're good to 10W, others good to 20W, etc... The same kind of idea seems to apply with capacitors, but it shows up as voltage ratings and/or physical size like your tiny vs beefy caps in the video. How do you know what crossover parts to pick so that they'll handle your design loads?
This is a great question! And actually something I haven't though about much. I think it is smart to pay more attention to the wattage rating on resistors. You could probably get away with using a resistor that is rated for much less than what you amps per channel power output is rated at, since people rarely listen to their systems at full volume at all times, but just to be safe I would probably get as close to your amp output as you can. As for capacitors, I've never seen a crossover capacitor rated at under 100v which is way above what your amp can put out, so I'm sure you're safe there. Really the important number is the value of the component. Thanks for watching!
thanks bro! helpful.
Awesome video Kirby! Around 2:48 you said using wires to hook up crossover components should not be done and that you would talk more about that later on. Not sure if I missed it later on in the video, but why shouldn't we wire components with speaker wires?? Does is have to do with wire gauge? Keep up the good work!
great video and very informative. love your channel! keep up the good work
Thank you, Clinton! I will!
I would appreciate if you could explain BOSE 601's 3 terminal schematics cross overs (A+, B+, A-)
Great video. How about the function of what each component does?
Great video, I just wondered what is the best way to mount the crossover to the speaker, I dont think that is explained in the plans. Just bought one love it so far, can wait to get started!!
Thanks so much for your support! You can mount the crossover anywhere in the speaker enclosure you find room. It can be mounted directly to the enclosure wall or to a thin piece of wood. I usually use hot glue and zip ties to mount the components. Thanks again!
How do you connect the crossover if you have two woofers? Do you just connect the tweeter to the one woofer or both woofers?
It seems so easy the way you show it! Problem is I don't know stores who sell the components and I have had some hard time with online shopping so I won't risk it for the moment since I don't have much money on the spare.
Hi Workshop, sorry to hear you've had some issues with online shopping. I think we've all been there at one point or another... hazards of a digital world these days. In my opinion, the best places to buy these components happen to be online. Places like Parts Express, Madisound, DIY Audio Group, and Meniscus Audio come to mind. There's a small chance you'll find what you'd need at RadioShack, but I guarantee you'll pay a lot more for it, and the selection will be extremely narrow. Beyond that... if you've got a local electronics store (and I don't mean places like Best Buy... think more hobby/bare parts), you might get lucky.
if you have the patience and do a fair bit of electronic type projects, you could always salvage bits like this in broken electrical items.
Keith Etheredge I live in Belgium, so the stores you say don't apply for me. But I get what you mean, I know the reputations of the stores you say. Here I haven't found a dedicated electronics store, the closest it gets is some DIY stores which provide some basic stuff but can't really help with questions. Asking for a sharping stone proves to be a hard task for the employees to understand what I ask, to get the answer that they don't have it but I could find it on their online shop. Guess it will be online shopping then. But for that I'll wait until I can financially take the gamble. Thanks for answering!
Elis Jones I have a list of things that I search to salvage. I think I could add these parts, but I guess that would be difficult. Considering they are very specific. Best way I guess is to wait until some speakers are broken. Thanks for answering!
Workshop - One online shop that might be usefull for you could be www.conrad.be It's a german company that does business in all of EU.
Not the cheapest place but they have a wide choice of components ranging from regular to high quality components.
im in all the way, thanks for all your help and website is also helpful, thanks again
I'm glad I can help! Thanks so much!
nice video and thanks for share
That's informative and easy to understand, for me of course (the man, who speak in English very bad). Thanks so much :)
Can you do a video explaining how inductors, capacitors and resistors work?
Your original 2-way crossover with the tweeter + going to ground was correct. With a 12 db/octave crossover, which is what you have, there is a 90 degree phase shift with each driver, only they shift the opposite directions such that at the crossover frequency they are 180 degrees out of phase and cancel out, leaving a dip in response at that point. By reversing the connection of the tweeter that problem is solved. With a 12 db/octave crossover for a 3-way speaker, the midrange is reversed in polarity, that is + to ground, - to the hot side, and the tweeter is wired + to +, - to -, just like the woofer.
The first diagram was the simplest to undestand
Thanks for this video. Please explain how to connect two 15inch,LF, four 6.5inch, MF, and two or three HF tweeter speakers to a 3way crossover. Will you connect all speakers in series or parallel, what is the proper way.?
Good stuff man, possible to get a video of you making one?
nice and good explain sir
@3:55 Ugh! But that's what I need! My dad bought 2 8ohm, 3K low pass mono crossovers. And I can wire them in one of 2 ways. Dayton/Parts Express didn't send a diagram. There is an IN+, IN-, OUT+, OUT-. All I need to know is WHICH 2 go to the stereo, and which 2 go to the speaker. I've never worked with crossovers before. Thank you
I'm glad you mentioned the rain Kirby. I live in California too up near Auburn and it's raining buckets. I thought what I was hearing was the rain outside my window and it was your audio track.
You may have mentioned it, but I don't recall if you did ,regarding the caps illustrated in your video; electrolytic capacitors are like a battery and have polarity. They need to be hooked up taking polarity into account. I reckon that many this video's viewers are new to reading schematics and translating them into an actual layout. Polarity with electrolytic capacitors is an important concept to be learned about early.
BTW, what's the crossover frequency in the example network? As a percentage, how much power translated to the drivers do you lose with that design?
It's so wired to have rain again! This has come up before in the comments. Most electrolytic capacitors are polarized, but not all. Electrolytic capacitors used in crossovers are non-polarized.
Kirby Meets Audio Thank you Kirby. I did not know that. I'm a self educated DIYer and while I've built tube and solid state guitar and bass amps, stompboxes and built guitar and bass speaker cabs (no crossovers in mine), I was unaware or any app that used non-polarized electrolytic caps. Come to think of it, I didn't know that they existed.
That's super awesome! I've wanted to build a tube amp for years. I've put together a few guitar cabs, super fun to get really into the woodworking. Crossovers are one of the only applications I've seen for them. You were spot on with learning polarity in capacitors early while learning electronics.
Right on man, been tinkering.. got a little distracted with arduinos and raspberry stuff.. BUT, I'm getting close. I have beta test with a two single drivers.. it's ok.. not the 'best' so I'm thinking I need to do the crossover and add a tweeters to get better lows. Not expecting sub woofer sounds but something a little deeper.
box tuning, and ported vs sealed is still somewhat of a mystery to me.
Those are easy to get distracted on! Adding a tweeter with a crossover with definitly help the sound of your speakers and will be a fun thing to experiment with. Thanks for watching!
how do i determine the amount of wattage my crossover can handle
hey just wondering if you can do a walk through of how to build music producing monitors. I want to build my own monitors but the electrical and box size to go with the speakers is really hard to find good lessons on
Can we include ceramic resistor in that.? Thanks
Thank you, thank you, thank you. btw...dropped your channel's name as a "who sent me" on Parts Express.
Thank you so much! I've got a lot of fun things in the works with PE for the future!
what is the purpose for crossover? what does it do for the sound? PLEASE EXPLAIN THIS.
Hey kirby. How will i setup a 2way speaker plus a tweeter with cross over build
Nice explanation and love the style of your videos. Do you have a project on a battery/mains portable boombox type thing? thanks
In a first order filter, for example for a tweeter, does it matter if the attenuation by a resistor is put before or after the capacitor? Or is it the same?
Tôi là người Việt Nam nhưng tôi hiểu những gì bạn đang thực hiện, cám ơn bạn
Is the 6.8 capacitor that you show in the video non polarized? I noticed you didn't seem to pay much attention to its polarity (as well as the other capacitors in the chain) ?
awesome
Do you ever use high pass filter for the bass driver, or is it not needed, only in small subwoofers as protection?
What is the difference between the color of inductors that you used?
I would like to upgrade the components in my DCM KX-12 Loudspeakers but don't know what to buy. What would you suggest? Is it possible to make the woofer a subwoofer? (Passive)
Hi, i just noticed that you gave a value for capacitor. But i really want to know is. Or ishoul say, give also the specific spec for woofer and tweeter. I mean watts and ohms. And. Really want to know what size is the magnet wire, what is the dimension of your mould and how many turns for woofer and tweeter. Thank you for your effort on making this video. Its just that i have many questions.
Does the distance between speaker magnet and crossover afect the saund? Where should i put it in box?
I'm currently building your fawn kit, and I have a question: since the inductor and resistor are in parallel, do you connect the positive wire from the amp to one end of the inductor and resistor (with the other ends on the postive terminal of the woofer) or do you connect the positive cable directly to the woofer?
Weird... In Europe resistors are rectangle blocks symbols.
Yes the US standard is different from the IEC standard. There are both good and bad things to say about both. However for this purpose I believe the IEC standard use better symbols as the US style it can be difficult to distinguish between resistors and inductors.
@@jonasa6713 I like the IEC way, because in some of the circuit design software, resistors are shown as 'real' (shaded filled) or 'virtual' (unfilled) as a feature of the adjacent series inductor.
Great video! Simple and clear!
Just a note :) If I heard correctly, at 12:04 you said "crossover" instead of "inductors" :)
I realize that after uploading! Haha, OOPS! Thanks for watching!
is the polarity of both tweeter and woofer inverted on the original diagram? seems like you changed it? tell me if im wrong because it seems to me... another question, how would you connect the crossover to the terminals, do you use a separate wires for the positive and negatives coming from terminals to the components?
series vs. paralell crossovers
so how do you determine what capacitor, coil, resistors you need? sorry for my dumb question but i am trying to understand the basics behind this, i can't find any videos that explain the concept behind the need of a crossover or how to build one in simple plain English everything is highly technical gibberish that i don't understand yet.
more than the crossovers networks your earlobes look interesting
You should have added in the Iron core inductor symbol and the L-pad symbol....... and that reversed tweeter will tweek everyone out.
Quick question in your video with the "Best DIY Bluetooth Speaker Amp Board", would you need to add a crossover if you were connecting speakers to that speaker amp board?
enjoyed the more technical video
Thanks!
So I can use this crossover in my bookshelf speakers ?
Kirby i had a question if i was looking for a high pass filter that caps off at 65 hz what capacitor would that be if you know it would really help thanks
How do I cap the frequency so it doesn’t go any higher for instance I want to do a bass / midbass two way crossover and don’t want midbass going over 500hz
is capacitor can be install in any different position? meaning is there positive or negative?
hey un video sobre la función en físico para oír que tal suenan
Hi Kirby what crossover you recommend for a 4 ohm 2 way boombox DIY project..I'm using 2 Dayton 6.5" Classic Woofers an 2 Dayton ND 1" tweeters all are 4 ohms?
How to make 500 x-over 3way? Thank you.
Can you also make a video about bass reflex?
why do you need an inductor for a tweeter? capacitor is enough to filter all the lows. or am i missing something?
Hello sir
How to make 4ohm 3way crossover ?
or is a crossover like this only needed when you're using a seperate amp to power this in an enclosure?
What are thre Values of the coil and capacitor ?
Hi. Can I connect my 2 instrumental speakers,1 mid and 1 tweeter in my 3 way crossover network? If yes how will I connect 2 ins speakers parallel or series? All speakers are rated 8 ohms and my amp is rated 8 ohms. Thanks for your help.
I just finished a class in College about designing Low Pass Filters, Do you see cross over diagrams with LPFs that have more than 2 components or is that not very common for speakers?
it's very common, many crossovers include zobel (cap + resistor), bafflestep compensation (coil + resistor), more complex crossovers also do some RLC corrections, which, as the name suggests, add 3 more components per every correction you want to make. And sometimes 12dB is just not enough, or doesn't provide a good enough "connection" to the tweeter. Crossover design is really a complex thing if you want to get it right.
Kirby! Quick question. When building a system with two woofers and one tweeter do I need to make one crossover that uses high pass and low pass filter, then another low pass filter for the remaining woofer? It's one thing I've been confused on while reading your Elder Bluetooth Speaker plans.
Thanks again, I've been waiting for a good video like this from a trusted source for a while.
Nope! You just need one filter for the tweeter and one filter for the woofers. The woofers will then be wired in series or parallel. Thanks for watching!
Kirby Meets Audio But wouldn't that then make a single channel? Or is that what I'm after for Elder Speaker build?
I was wondering this as well. (I know this is 8 months later, and probably late), but I'm going to operate on the assumption that you'd have a second low-pass only for the other woofer. The parts list for the Elder speaker says to have 2 of the inductors and 2 of the capacitors to make the low pass filter. If I had to venture a guess, I'd say his response to your original question was thinking you were talking about having a single speaker with 2 woofers and 1 tweeter (as in one bookshelf speaker).
How do I determine the ratings of capacitors and inductors to my speakers
What's the capacitor value and inductor turns and thin... Reply please
Love your video's, they inspire me to try making my own speakers, thank you. What is/does the tattoo on your finger mean?
Thats the best thing I could hear. Welcome to the club! It represents an important date in my life. Thanks for watching!
Hello sir
I'm planning to build center speaker
I have 100w@6ohms avr
I want four 100w@6ohms speakers
My question is...
Is it possible to have one more 100w@6ohms for my tweeter dome?
By the way, I'll fix it with passive crossover.. How many watts should my crossover? Thanks
Why not instead use active crossovers that are adjustable and then either bi-amp or tri-amp an audio system? Then you wont have to deal with all these caps, coils, resistors.... Instead, you can just try different x-over frequencies and just feed the power directly into the drivers. The adjustable part is great for trying different xover frequencies and maybe even different slopes if the electronic xover allows those. This stuff with caps, coils, resistors is ok, but it is "old school". One advantage of your way is lower cost and people can use just a single amplifier so I admit it has benefits and it is fun to tinker with.
Why positive and negative always changes for Tweeter in all crossover circuits? Does it have any specific reason? Even in this diagram at the beginning, the positive lead was connected to negative line of the circuit and negative to positive. Someone, please clear my doubt.
hello can you help me i need pair crossover for speakers Yamaha Model S4115h please What is the alternative? or something similar the original crossover
Or say I want to do a 3 way bass midbass and low midrange to mid midrange and a 3 way from mid to high midrange to low/mid treble to mid/high treble
How to find out the crosspoint?
Thanxs