Transcription Termination in Prokaryotes

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  • Опубликовано: 28 апр 2019
  • Two classes of transcription terminators, Rho-dependent and Rho-independent, have been identified throughout prokaryotic genomes. These widely distributed sequences are responsible for triggering the end of transcription upon normal completion of gene or operon transcription, mediating early termination of transcripts as a means of regulation such as that observed in transcriptional attenuation, and to ensure the termination of runaway transcriptional complexes that manage to escape earlier terminators by chance, which prevents unnecessary energy expenditure for the cell.
    Rho-dependent terminators
    Rho-dependent transcription terminators require a protein called Rho factor, which exhibits RNA helicase activity, to disrupt the mRNA-DNA-RNA polymerase transcriptional complex. Rho-dependent terminators are found in bacteria and phage. The Rho-dependent terminator occurs downstream of translational stop codons and consists of an unstructured, cytosine-rich sequence on the mRNA known as a Rho utilization site (rut) for which a consensus sequence has not been identified, and a downstream transcription stop point (tsp). The rut serves as a mRNA loading site and as an activator for Rho; activation enables Rho to efficiently hydrolyze ATP and translocate down the mRNA while it maintains contact with the rut site. Rho is able to catch up with the RNA polymerase, which is stalled at the downstream tsp sites.[1] Contact between Rho and the RNA polymerase complex stimulates dissociation of the transcriptional complex through a mechanism involving allosteric effects of Rho on RNA polymerase.
    Rho Dependent
    Intrinsic transcription terminators or Rho-independent terminators require the formation of a self-annealing hairpin structure on the elongating transcript, which results in the disruption of the mRNA-DNA-RNA polymerase ternary complex. The terminator sequence in DNA contains a 20 basepair GC-rich region of dyad symmetry followed by a short poly-T tract or "T stretch" which is transcribed to form the terminating hairpin and a 7-9 nucleotide "U tract" respectively.
    The hairpin formation causes RNA polymerase stalling and destabilisation, leading to a greater likelihood that dissociation of the complex will occur at that location due to an increased time spent paused at that site and reduced stability of the complex.

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    @coloneltahir 11 месяцев назад +1

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    @steffivarghese3445 3 года назад +1

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      @hussainbiology  3 года назад

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    • @hussainbiology
      @hussainbiology  Год назад

      thanks for appreciation.. Glad to know that it helps

  • @efeucar2115
    @efeucar2115 3 года назад +2

    That helped my study a lot, thanks sir :))

    • @hussainbiology
      @hussainbiology  3 года назад

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  • @sjsubasingha2983
    @sjsubasingha2983 2 года назад +1

    Wish to have you as my biochem lecturer ......Thank You Very Much.....

    • @hussainbiology
      @hussainbiology  2 года назад

      thanks for appreciation.. Glad it helps...

  • @lakshmeesha.nagendra3542
    @lakshmeesha.nagendra3542 3 года назад +1

    Well precised explanation sir...thank you sir...

    • @hussainbiology
      @hussainbiology  3 года назад

      thanks for appreciation..Glad to know that it helps ✌️

  • @Abdullah-nc2vd
    @Abdullah-nc2vd 4 года назад +1

    Thanks

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    @siddikaattar1928 Год назад

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    • @hussainbiology
      @hussainbiology  Год назад

      thanks for appreciation..Glad it helps....✌️

  • @anushaambati1673
    @anushaambati1673 3 года назад +1

    Excellently explained 👍👍

    • @hussainbiology
      @hussainbiology  3 года назад

      Thanks for appreciation.. keep sharing and supporting ✌️

  • @farozanmidhat6859
    @farozanmidhat6859 3 года назад +1

    Well explained sir...it helped me alot

  • @fmajed-bq2fb
    @fmajed-bq2fb 4 года назад

    thankkk uuu

  • @user-lk2rz1qb4u
    @user-lk2rz1qb4u Год назад +1

    Could you teach me how rho factor how does the rho factor catch up with the moving RNA polymerase? As long as the RNA polymerase is running, I think the rho factor can't keep up with the polymerase.