Prokaryotic Transcription Initiation and Elongation

Bacterial transcription is the process in which messenger RNA transcripts of genetic material in bacteria are produced, to be translated for the production of proteins. Unlike in eukaryotes, bacterial transcription and translation can occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm. This is impossible in eukaryotes, where transcription occurs in a membrane-bound nucleus while translation occurs outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm (see also Eukaryotic transcription). In bacteria genetic material is not enclosed in a membrane-enclosed nucleus and has access to ribosomes in the cytoplasm.[1]
Transcription is carried out by RNA polymerase but its specificity is controlled by sequence-specific DNA binding proteins called transcription factors.
The following steps occur, in order, for transcription initiation:. promoter, and |T| stands for the terminator. The DNA on the template strand between the +1 site and the terminator is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein. At this stage, the DNA is double-stranded ("closed"). This holoenzyme/wound-DNA structure is referred to as the closed complex.
The DNA is unwound and becomes single-stranded ("open") in the vicinity of the initiation site (defined as +1). This holoenzyme/unwound-DNA structure is called the open complex.
The RNA polymerase transcribes the DNA (the beta subunit initiates the synthesis), but produces about 10 abortive (short, non-productive) transcripts which are unable to leave the RNA polymerase because the exit channel is blocked by the σ-factor.
The σ-factor eventually dissociates from the core enzyme, and elongation proceeds.

[@measententia2154]

Hi sir..today was my mol. Bio exam..i just converted your videos into letters..😂😂😂soo happy to understand this concept very quickly. I was very lazy in my past semester..So this helped me to study for my exam in limited time.I wish to become a teacher like you however i know you are a good learner too..expect more videos..Thanks a lot❤️❤️

[@hussainbiology]

Hi Nila...I am really glad to know that...Makes me smile while i read this....
Hope u convert more videos into letters in future....
Rise and shine

[@aartigiri9889]

Can you share me your notes because tomorrow is my exam.

[@trishnakerketta8794]

I m doing the exact thing.. tomorrow is my mol.bio exam

[@paulafuentes4484]

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[@dr_mbbt]

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[@nidhirai8888]

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[@hussainbiology]

Thanks Nidhi for appreciation..I am really glad to know that my stuff helps out there....✌️✌️

[@maheenkhan5669]

Paper sy aik din pehlay video dekh rahi...aur saray concepts clear ho gaye...frnd ny mujhy shamou ki video ka link send kia hua tha...damgh kharab ho gya tha mera....you are doing a great job. ..detailed and comprehensive video...keep it up bro...jazakallah

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation..Glad to know that it helps ✌️

[@kritideepbarik573]

U just can't imagine how helpful your videos are... The way u explain it in a short time with proper points and terms are so interesting to listen... Thank u so much sir 😁😁

[@hussainbiology]

thanks For appreciation..Glad it helps ❤️

[@Nidhi_Rudraiah]

I think the sigma factor will get detached from RNA polymerase after abortive initiation....pls correct me if I am wrong

[@andiefowler5861]

thank you so much. I can never understand the way my professor teaches and this video helped a ton.

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation..Glad it helps

[@lisa_2240]

i have my exam tody and u made it clear more precisely.Thank you

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation... And all the best today.. do well

[@swethasusan207]

Really helpful and the Vedios have more knowledge in less time which is so good.

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation..Glad it helps ✌️

[@Maryam-tf8lo]

Excellent way of explaining....👌👏
Please keep up the good work, sir...👍

[@hussainbiology]

Thanks Maryam for appreciation Glad to know that it helps....✌️

[@mol_biologist30]

But Sir....When Transcription starts , The *Sigma* factor is released from the Core RNA polymerase enzyme. Is this 👆 concept right Sir ??
Otherwise It was a great video. My concepts about this topic is clear now. Thank You Sir ❤️

[@biochemistry4622]

Again u nailed it 👍
And plz make a video on dosage compensation ...

[@firasgamer5426]

Thank you so much for this detailed video yet very swift

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation..Glad it helps

[@basmaaslam4791]

Really helpful video Thanks for uploading And carry on😊

[@hussainbiology]

thanks Basma for appreciation..Glad it helps.....

[@aminhamoodizadeh4055]

God bless you

[@pratibhashanmugavelayutham4693]

Very helpful 👍

[@hussainbiology]

Glad you think so!

[@Noor-mu1bl]

Thank you!شرح مبسط وواضح😍

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❤❤❤it's best way to explaining...❤

[@hammadshuaib7158]

nice... creative 👌

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation

[@KGAYATHRI03]

What is -10 and -35 in that dna .. will u pls explain me sir ..?.

[@hussainbiology]

-10 means here, 10 bases Upstream from Initiation Point..
-35 means , 35 bases Upstream from Initiation Point..
Initiation Point is 0... to its UPSTREAM ( left ) the first base is -1.... and to its right Downstream the first base is +1.

[@KGAYATHRI03]

@@hussainbiology Thank u ..very much Sir ...

[@hussainbiology]

@@KGAYATHRI03 you are welcome... keep sharing and supporting ✌️

[@nishatfatima2091]

Thanks sir for this please make video on operon model . Thanks sir app molecular biology ke badshah h . May Allah bless you.

[@hussainbiology]

thanks Nishat for appreciation.....Glad to know that it helps ✌️.... keep sharing and supporting
Allah bless u too

[@hussainbiology]

InshaAllah will be making video on operon soon..
Keep updating ur self.✌️

[@saadalmissallaty90saad64]

Very straight forward and informative.

[@poosayfresh8880]

Can u please also include the book/ other sources you have refferd to explain this ?

[@hussainbiology]

Yes surely.... This video can be referenced to Cell Biology by Alberts and Cell Biology by Lodish...
>>>> and i have also used information from NCBI and researchgate.

[@poojatiwari8891]

Which books should I follow..... could you please tell which u had followed while learning this concept....?

[@hussainbiology]

Alberts Molecular biology of cell

[@assz3923]

شكراً جزيلاً.

[@hussainbiology]

Thanks for appreciation...Glad to know that it helps.

[@nifatjan7458]

Nyc vedio.....thnx sir

[@hussainbiology]

you are welcome...Keep sharing and supporting

[@tahirtantary7438]

why transcription factors are in eukaryotic transcription but not in prokaryotes?

[@Matetas-gv8lj]

alot more genes to regulate and express in eukaryotes

[@brittophone6219]

Amazing videos
I have just one little problem ( i reckon it's not just me 😅) yoyr accent bro try to enhance it a bit cos it's hard to get the words, otherwise it's a perfect video!

[@palakvarma7720]

What do we mean by housekeeping and heat shock gene ?

[@ammarahmehak9986]

sir where is translation in eukaryote and prokaryote plzzzzz-zz made videos on it with detailed description.

[@hussainbiology]

Ammarah , i have lot of requests to make a video on Translation and even i am working on it.
But here in Kashmir we have only 2G internet and that too for few websites so i am unable to upload new ones.
I am assuring that once Translation video is completed you will see the community notification.

[@MuhammadSuleiman-vz3gz]

I have question ? When transcription start sigma factor would be removed or not?

[@MuhammadSuleiman-vz3gz]

From RNA polymerase

[@MuhammadSuleiman-vz3gz]

Your lectures are too good it makes really easy too me

[@MuhammadSuleiman-vz3gz]

😊

[@hussainbiology]

thanks

[@taranehdaryaee2385]

Can you explain the role of Gre in RNAP proofreading abilities next?

[@kev1369]

Is transcription start site part of promoter?

[@preetinamdev9842]

Sir I am not able to find termination video of prokaryotic transcription.

[@hussainbiology]

Termination video coming this Monday...

[@yashichaurasia5278]

Sir first abortive initiation or promoter clearance occurs

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[@preetinamdev9842]

Ok sir...

[@SatyaPrakash-cr1rl]

Watch my video on transcription in prokaryotes

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Ye ad kio a rhy pharny me disturb hta

[@hussainbiology]

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[@nayeemulhaq]

Sir Are you a Kashmiri. It seems by ur accent. Please reply.

[@hussainbiology]

Yes dear i am Kashmiri

[@nayeemulhaq]

@@hussainbiology Thanks fr your Reply sir. Almighty give u more and more knowledge and and take his work by spreading more and more knowledge.

[@ritisharma12]

Thank you sir

[@hussainbiology]

you are welcome

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[@hussainbiology]

Shukriya boi...

[@ranjanroy8724]

Ok re amr factor bro

[@foreveryoung4667]

4:12 there is issue

[@pq2552]

Jazakallah!!❤ from🇵🇰

[@hussainbiology]

Thanks for appreciation...Glad to know that it helps.

[@oscarpaulsson8477]

youre better in the oter video

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[@hussainbiology]

Yes dear i am Kashmiri

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biological weapon

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[@hamzaijazwahla6573]

Sir apny language ma bola kree English ki gulamy sy bahir nikla apna apko Azad mehsoa kree gy apki video ki ghanta samajh nhi aee ap ka student na khushamad ma apki tareef ki ha per apki video ki 1 word ki samajh nhi aee

[@AFSHHEE]

Best🤌🏻