This is all true. But volcanoes do actually form subglacially. There are a few of them in Iceland right now (including the infamously tongue-twisting Eyjafjallajökull which caused all that chaos over a decade ago). And when they do, their lava meets ice and immediately flashes it to steam, which expands rapidly (explodes), shattering the lava and freezing it instantly, forming little shards of volcanic glass. Some of this glass is tiny enough to get carried away in the volcanic plume (preventing airplanes from flying in areas where the plume is drifting), while the heavier fragments loosely consolidate to form a volcanic deposit that is called hyaloclastite (which literally translates to "glass fragments"). The hyaloclastite builds up, until the glacier is completely melted above the volcano's location, and then molten lava flows atop the collection of glass fragments, making a flat-topped mountain that is only revealed when the glacier all around it completely retreats. These mountains are called "tuya" and you can see a lot of them in Iceland, but they are also present in other places, like northern British Columbia. Subglacial volcanism also produces a rather unique hazard - the dreaded jökulhlaup, or flood of glacial meltwater (melted by the volcano) released all at once when an ice dam is broken (or melted) away, allowing what is essentially a subglacial _lake_ to rapidly drain. These floods can happen during an eruption, or even many months after one (say, if an earthquake shifts the ice enough to break the dam and release the water), which makes them especially dangerous and impossible to predict. Scientists can detect collections of meltwater, but when (and how quickly) they drain is unknowable (and frequently, there are multiple river systems into which they could drain, making it hard to know which towns are in danger when the jökulhlaup happens).
Man you have got hugely different sences of scale here. Eyjafjallajokull is about 200m thick which is very different from a few km of thickness. That pressure increase is enormous so a comparison is not advised. Source: i am an icelandic geologist.
I imagine the difference is that in the Ice Age, you had glaciers that were miles thick and covered entire continents. The glaciers in modern-day iceland aren't going to be big enough to shut down vulcanism in the same way.
I love that word, Jökulhlaup. Knowing that Jökul means glacier, it sounds to me like "Glacier Splash" because Chlap (ch here is a fancy H) is the onomatopoeic verb for splashing in Polish
Fundamentally all the glacier is doing is adding pressure through its weight, so to make an impact on underwater volcanism you would need to meaningfully change the pressure at the ocean floor. I don't think snowball earth did this because all the ice originally came from ocesn water so no mass was added to the ocean meaning no increase in pressure along the water column.
@@jasonreed7522 since ice buildup on continental plates come from the sea, doesn't this actually reduce the weight on oceanic plates, thus reducing the pressure and increasing undersea vulcanism?
We have our own volcano along our Chinese border called Mount Paektu, which is according to legend the origin of the Korean people. One of the most powerful eruptions in recorded history happened there in 946, and it's long overdue to erupt again. Everyone in the DPRK must make a pilgrimage to Mount Paektu and climb to the top. I prefer to do it on horseback. It was Moon Jae-in's dream to climb it so when he visited us, he did just that and we held hands at the summit.
Great video as usual, thank you ! It brings me to a question : I often read that snowball earth events were ended thanks to volcanism ("Global warming associated with large accumulations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over millions of years, emitted primarily by volcanic activity, is the proposed trigger for melting a snowball Earth", Wikipedia). But how can it be, if all the surface was covered with ice? (Maybe not all, and just a little bit with volcanos could suffice?)
Yes exactly note that the volcanism which was associated with the Snowball Earth episodes of the Neoproterozoic was what is known as Large Igneous Provinces akin to the Siberian traps or Deccan traps. The sheer scale of such volcanic systems in this case relating to the ongoing rifting apart of the Super Continent Rodinia is unlike anything we humans have ever seen. The last volcanism event of similar magnitude of extent was back in the Oligocene. (note that timescales of ~30 million years with several million years of volcanic eruptions are fairly typical for this kind of giant Flood basalts) And no The Columbia river flood basalts weren't a "real" Large Igneous province being more of a pseudo province as the Yellowstone hotspot had to burn its way through the Farallon plate and the North American continent above. Despite claims to the contrary there is no known impact events linked to the Snowball glaciation though this doesn't rule out the possibility as there are similarities in changes to sea floor spreading and a potential over abundance of lunar impact craters around 800 Ma just before the *onset* of the first of the Cryogenian snowball Earth intervals. So an impact causing and or ending the Cryogenian glaciations is potentially on the table as absence of evidence is not evidence of absence but without more evidence its hard to say anything with confidence. Now the end of the earlier Huronian glaciations linked to the Great Oxygenation event do potentially owe their termination to the impact of a large asteroid/comet as there is a crater of the right age identified in Australia and modeling suggests that such a 7 km impactor striking into the ice sheets themselves could have vaporized enough water vapor for the greenhouse effect to lead to the end of the glaciation.
I prefer the epic battle of volcano versus the Avatar. Avatar Roku was sleeping with his wife on his home island when suddenly the island's volcano started to erupt. His wife and the other villagers managed to escape the island on boats while he stayed to fight the volcano before the ash got to the boats. Initially he was winning until he felt it was hopeless to stop it...until his long-time friend Fire Lord Sozin joined and helped by heat-bending (as in eliminating the heat energy from the volcano by redirecting it), but it was becoming too gaseous and thus they chose to sprint. With Roku breathing in a lot of it, he was down on his knees. He begged for Sozin to help...but Sozin betrayed him so he could start his Fire Nation empire, an empire that Roku didn't want. Roku's dragon stayed with him till the very end.
I have always wondered what the inside of one of those massive magma chambers would look like (with out the magma of course) would it just be like a big cave or what ? I thank it would be really neat to see it and I wonder if stuff like stalactites and stalagmites are forming in there or what
Makes sense. It would be interesting to know, how humanity would keep weathering against these forces, when facing new ice ages and warmer cycles in the future again. I liked this. Keep it up.
Interestingly the rapid melting of ice on Antarctica and Greenland will cause the land to spring upwards, this would cause significant movement along the tectonic boundaries of North America and Antarctica.
Así que entonces el deshielo aumentara la actividad volcánica en la tierra, en otros planetas habitables rocosos podría ser más extremo como de 1.5g, sugerencia.
Ohhh now this one gets me right in the heart Glaciers, volcano's, puns What more could a boy want in his life? Earthquakes.... but I'll take what I can get
This is interesting from the standpoint of how snowball Earths ended. If regular volcanism is suppressed, that should slow down CO2 release into the atmosphere. And then why the glaciers finally melt... KABOOM
That's the problem of this video, the videos seems to ignore the existence of Erebus and other tall Subglacial volcanoes that grow above the glaciers top
This is the only video I've ever seen discussing this elephant in the room of magma flow and the melting of the glaciers and tectonic plate movements. Thank you
Interesting Re the pressure and how it affected production and movement of magma. There were a number of volcanoes that did erupt under the ice sheet in Canada. Mostly in British Columbia. I suppose specific circumstances were required for that to happen. Maybe a future video?
That's the problem with this video, this guy probably ignore the many tall volcano that grow out of glaciers in Antarctica, and also, Subglacial volcanoes, plus, lava are hot though, and if large amount of them able to extrude through the crust, and hit a glacier, it will cause either phreatic or phreatomagmetic eruption, so yeah, this video need to learn from GeologyHub channel
Love how cute the volcanoes, magma, and glaciers look.
Yeah especially at 2:01, poor little magma puddle getting yelled at by the glacier
@@PramkLuna Makes me hate glaciers so much. 😠
They all look cute until global warming rids us of glaciers and all the volcanoes roar back, adding even more heating gases.
also the ice age squirrel
Kyogre and groudon
This is all true. But volcanoes do actually form subglacially. There are a few of them in Iceland right now (including the infamously tongue-twisting Eyjafjallajökull which caused all that chaos over a decade ago). And when they do, their lava meets ice and immediately flashes it to steam, which expands rapidly (explodes), shattering the lava and freezing it instantly, forming little shards of volcanic glass. Some of this glass is tiny enough to get carried away in the volcanic plume (preventing airplanes from flying in areas where the plume is drifting), while the heavier fragments loosely consolidate to form a volcanic deposit that is called hyaloclastite (which literally translates to "glass fragments"). The hyaloclastite builds up, until the glacier is completely melted above the volcano's location, and then molten lava flows atop the collection of glass fragments, making a flat-topped mountain that is only revealed when the glacier all around it completely retreats. These mountains are called "tuya" and you can see a lot of them in Iceland, but they are also present in other places, like northern British Columbia.
Subglacial volcanism also produces a rather unique hazard - the dreaded jökulhlaup, or flood of glacial meltwater (melted by the volcano) released all at once when an ice dam is broken (or melted) away, allowing what is essentially a subglacial _lake_ to rapidly drain. These floods can happen during an eruption, or even many months after one (say, if an earthquake shifts the ice enough to break the dam and release the water), which makes them especially dangerous and impossible to predict. Scientists can detect collections of meltwater, but when (and how quickly) they drain is unknowable (and frequently, there are multiple river systems into which they could drain, making it hard to know which towns are in danger when the jökulhlaup happens).
Man you have got hugely different sences of scale here. Eyjafjallajokull is about 200m thick which is very different from a few km of thickness. That pressure increase is enormous so a comparison is not advised.
Source: i am an icelandic geologist.
I imagine the difference is that in the Ice Age, you had glaciers that were miles thick and covered entire continents. The glaciers in modern-day iceland aren't going to be big enough to shut down vulcanism in the same way.
I love that word, Jökulhlaup. Knowing that Jökul means glacier, it sounds to me like "Glacier Splash" because Chlap (ch here is a fancy H) is the onomatopoeic verb for splashing in Polish
@@RhodianColossus It's more akin to a Glacial run or stampede
Man I hate when the red player Buries all artifacts, creatures, and lands.
The best song of ice and fire
How did you watch this 18 h ago? Is this a glitch?
Nice
Are tou from the future Cerosis?
@@Durio_zibethinus Thanks for telling me about it. Never knew about it.
@@pansumyintmo8983 no problem 👍
This is why ice type is super effective against ground type
Perhaps, but i think its mainly because ice forming in the ground causes cracks and sinkholes
@@Nazuikoand permafrost!!!!!!!!!
@@Nazuiko Same principle.
Apparently, not everyone saw what you did there.
Yes😂
Thanks for working hard to educate us. I appreciate y’all in the minuteearth team! Thanks for edutaining us
@engineer gaming Your bot is broken.
Holy- I got a heart from minuteearth! :o
@@Bxll_Bxll who asked
@@ProfessionalBugLover Very nice of you
Hmm my favorite word edutaining
Love how you added two volcanoes on the Reykjanes peninsula to indicate the two seperate eruptions that are currently happening
Having the glacier as a thwomp is a nice little detail that I enjoy
Very interesting. I’m my geology class we just learned about Glaciers. There’s a lot more too them then I originally thought
Did this also happen during snowball earth or does it only apply to volcanos over continental plates, not oceanic ones?
@engineer gaming why'd you just write your own name
@engineer gaming secret unknown
Only over continental plates, since only the top layer of the ocean was frozen over and most of the water under that was unfrozen
Fundamentally all the glacier is doing is adding pressure through its weight, so to make an impact on underwater volcanism you would need to meaningfully change the pressure at the ocean floor. I don't think snowball earth did this because all the ice originally came from ocesn water so no mass was added to the ocean meaning no increase in pressure along the water column.
@@jasonreed7522 since ice buildup on continental plates come from the sea, doesn't this actually reduce the weight on oceanic plates, thus reducing the pressure and increasing undersea vulcanism?
Finally, admirals fight at punk hazard reveal.
"It's geologic dance to a real song of ice and fire."
That quote. Just wow ❤
IKR? So poetic 😍.
better than s8 😰
A dance of fire and ice
If you think that is a good quote then you're pretty uneducated
Admit it, many of you have that image of Aokiji and Akainu staring each other down...
definitely
I want to see Kuzan using attack called "Immense Preassure" now lmao
Which mean Aokiji may had tried sitting on Akainu to stop him from erupt but failed and lost a leg
Eggsacly 😂
Love the Thwomp face 🤣
We have our own volcano along our Chinese border called Mount Paektu, which is according to legend the origin of the Korean people. One of the most powerful eruptions in recorded history happened there in 946, and it's long overdue to erupt again. Everyone in the DPRK must make a pilgrimage to Mount Paektu and climb to the top. I prefer to do it on horseback. It was Moon Jae-in's dream to climb it so when he visited us, he did just that and we held hands at the summit.
.
what is the bit here? this is literally what happened
@@TheRealBFKelleher There is no bit, just spitting information about our country others might not know about. Not that deep, bro
:)
We must make it mandatory for everyone on earth to make a pilgrimage to Mount Paeku
Makes my day when I see another minute earth video pop up! ☺️
Great video as usual, thank you ! It brings me to a question :
I often read that snowball earth events were ended thanks to volcanism ("Global warming associated with large accumulations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over millions of years, emitted primarily by volcanic activity, is the proposed trigger for melting a snowball Earth", Wikipedia). But how can it be, if all the surface was covered with ice? (Maybe not all, and just a little bit with volcanos could suffice?)
It’s large accumulations over millions of years, so I suppose a few volcanoes can do the job, just much slower than if there were more of course
Perhaps asteroid impacts kick start the process.
Not volcanoes, comet impact.
Yes exactly note that the volcanism which was associated with the Snowball Earth episodes of the Neoproterozoic was what is known as Large Igneous Provinces akin to the Siberian traps or Deccan traps. The sheer scale of such volcanic systems in this case relating to the ongoing rifting apart of the Super Continent Rodinia is unlike anything we humans have ever seen. The last volcanism event of similar magnitude of extent was back in the Oligocene. (note that timescales of ~30 million years with several million years of volcanic eruptions are fairly typical for this kind of giant Flood basalts) And no The Columbia river flood basalts weren't a "real" Large Igneous province being more of a pseudo province as the Yellowstone hotspot had to burn its way through the Farallon plate and the North American continent above.
Despite claims to the contrary there is no known impact events linked to the Snowball glaciation though this doesn't rule out the possibility as there are similarities in changes to sea floor spreading and a potential over abundance of lunar impact craters around 800 Ma just before the *onset* of the first of the Cryogenian snowball Earth intervals. So an impact causing and or ending the Cryogenian glaciations is potentially on the table as absence of evidence is not evidence of absence but without more evidence its hard to say anything with confidence.
Now the end of the earlier Huronian glaciations linked to the Great Oxygenation event do potentially owe their termination to the impact of a large asteroid/comet as there is a crater of the right age identified in Australia and modeling suggests that such a 7 km impactor striking into the ice sheets themselves could have vaporized enough water vapor for the greenhouse effect to lead to the end of the glaciation.
Mylankovic cycles
I have a new respect for glaciers
😁
@engineer gaming engineer gaming
When the Glacier is away. The Volcanoes will play
One of the best channels where I can find answers to my shower thoughts.
2:05 the volcano looks so happy :)
I love the reference at 1:23
I prefer the epic battle of volcano versus the Avatar. Avatar Roku was sleeping with his wife on his home island when suddenly the island's volcano started to erupt. His wife and the other villagers managed to escape the island on boats while he stayed to fight the volcano before the ash got to the boats. Initially he was winning until he felt it was hopeless to stop it...until his long-time friend Fire Lord Sozin joined and helped by heat-bending (as in eliminating the heat energy from the volcano by redirecting it), but it was becoming too gaseous and thus they chose to sprint. With Roku breathing in a lot of it, he was down on his knees. He begged for Sozin to help...but Sozin betrayed him so he could start his Fire Nation empire, an empire that Roku didn't want. Roku's dragon stayed with him till the very end.
Ironic. he had the power to save others from death, *but not himself*
why do i see you everywhere
huh roku you mean like the tv (ive never watched avatar before)
When you see the glaciers face and hear the Mario block "ugghhh" in your brain
Hehe, that glacier has a thwomp face on it!
@dadutchboy2 Spy Gaming
aww the faces on the volcanos and glaciers are so cute! I like the thwomp face on the glacier haha
I'd never heard about this before! Thanks so much for sharing!
imma be honest i didn't expect this to rock so hard as it did , but it rocked so hard it skipped the mountain stage and now i have a volcano !
@dadutchboy2 Spy Gaming
Pokemon: fire beats ice
Me: I think youre mistaken.
I have always wondered what the inside of one of those massive magma chambers would look like (with out the magma of course) would it just be like a big cave or what ? I thank it would be really neat to see it and I wonder if stuff like stalactites and stalagmites are forming in there or what
I don't think Stala-things would form but would it look anything like a lava lamp? :0
It's Aokiji vs Akainu.
I saw this right as i was done watching tpot 14
Akainu vs Aokiji already proved that volcano will win in a fight.
Makes sense.
It would be interesting to know, how humanity would keep weathering against these forces, when facing new ice ages and warmer cycles in the future again.
I liked this. Keep it up.
Water, the only major rock on Earth that gets to be lava at surface temperature and pressure.
This is a cool video, I love to learn about stuff like this. Thanks for the upload! 😄
Such a good thumbnail, I was very pleased when the video was also good.
The battle between cold and hot has started since a long time before civilization.
2:22 FINALLY, ICELAND AUCTUALLY HAS ICE!
Volcanoland
Thwomp Glacier Thwomp Glacier
These illustrations give me life
@dadutchboy2 Spy Gaming
How much are you going to spam?
This is really simple yet valuable information
@engineer gaming what's that?
@@zainabkhan2475 they’re spamming. Just report then
@dadutchboy2 Spy Gaming
TPOT 14 be like:
Ask the Titanic if it wants to encounter either a volcano or an ice glacier
Now this is amazingly cool. I never knew this!
I really like this narrator. The best on the minute earth by far
Just a typical MinuteEarth video covering thousands of years old geology .
Gotta love the detail of the glacier being a thwomp
The angry glacier face was gold.
Alright we need a Japanese Kaiju type movie where its Volcano vs Glacier, imagine all their special attacks 😁
You mean Coalossal/Heatran vs. Avalugg
This video is both iced and fire.
The animations are freaking adorable.
Also: Winter is coming..................eventually.
The glaciers simply have a type advantage
@dadutchboy2 Spy Gaming
If I was that magma, I wouldn’t rise if that glacier gave me that face.
I’m surprised you resisted showing Fire type Darmanitan Unova and Ice type Darmanitan Galar
Interestingly the rapid melting of ice on Antarctica and Greenland will cause the land to spring upwards, this would cause significant movement along the tectonic boundaries of North America and Antarctica.
Imagine they literally get sponsored by A Dance of Fire and Ice
Good video and game of thrones reference, your videos are always interesting.
Así que entonces el deshielo aumentara la actividad volcánica en la tierra, en otros planetas habitables rocosos podría ser más extremo como de 1.5g, sugerencia.
You get an awesome myth about a lava sledding competition gone wrong
Their faces omg! Its so cute!! 😍🤩
I LOVE THE THUMBNAIL! IT"S SO CUTE ARGHHH!!
This is way too entertaining for the subject matter
Finally something that I didn't already know. And, best of all, not fluffed out to 20 minutes with useless info and stuff that I already know.
By the way you're my favorite RUclips channel
The thwomp faces makes it so much better lmao
can't believe Blue Sky's Ice Age movies have been keeping the volcanos from destroying society as we know it
Thank you for amazing content. It is very educational and fun
I appreciate most all of the glaciers in this video method acting thwomps
An unstoppable force meets an actual unstopable force.
Ohhh now this one gets me right in the heart
Glaciers, volcano's, puns
What more could a boy want in his life?
Earthquakes.... but I'll take what I can get
This is interesting from the standpoint of how snowball Earths ended. If regular volcanism is suppressed, that should slow down CO2 release into the atmosphere.
And then why the glaciers finally melt... KABOOM
That's the problem of this video, the videos seems to ignore the existence of Erebus and other tall Subglacial volcanoes that grow above the glaciers top
Iceland: I'm on both sides so I always come out on top.
2:34 I see what you did there.
ADOFAI
1:25 Poor Scrat. He's been through enough.
Scrat: NOOO
soon enough this will become a pure hypothetical
Alright where's Volcano Nester, apparently we gotta duel!
Thank you so much for the effort. I let my comment and like to feed the algorithm 👏 love you guys
@dadutchboy2 Spy Gaming
Cool so we just need another metor to cause an ice age. I wonder how big enough to not cause much catastrophe.
@dadutchboy2 Spy Gaming
Hehe thwomp glacier go brrrrr
Lesson learned: we must create another ice age to prevent volcanic eruptions
This is the only video I've ever seen discussing this elephant in the room of magma flow and the melting of the glaciers and tectonic plate movements. Thank you
That glacier's angry face made me laugh 😂
It was Scrat that caught ME off guard.
It's Thwomp's face
@dadutchboy2 Spy Gaming
those are... thomb faces from Super Mario, right? xD
Akainu vs Aokiji explained by MinuteEarth
Volcano: *Gasp* You took, everything from mee!
Glacier: Nuh UHH
Interesting Re the pressure and how it affected production and movement of magma. There were a number of volcanoes that did erupt under the ice sheet in Canada. Mostly in British Columbia. I suppose specific circumstances were required for that to happen. Maybe a future video?
TPOT 14:
Cool explanation. Thanks
So many mysteries in the heart of our planet !
Yeah a glacier has a stupidly huge thermal capacity. Now what about the full-on ice age glacier vs. the Siberian Traps?
That's the problem with this video, this guy probably ignore the many tall volcano that grow out of glaciers in Antarctica, and also, Subglacial volcanoes, plus, lava are hot though, and if large amount of them able to extrude through the crust, and hit a glacier, it will cause either phreatic or phreatomagmetic eruption, so yeah, this video need to learn from GeologyHub channel
Bro almost summoned the Object Show Community with this one 🥶🥶🥶
This feels suitably epic
@dadutchboy2 Spy Gaming
See how you like it.
Doesnt that apply to underwater volcanoes too? Why are there so many then?
To my understanding, underwater volcanoes start off as a passive flow until they grow tall enough to erupt in a low pressure altitude
I love how the glacier has a thwomp face
Grrr
Thanks friend!
Objection! There is no fire in a volcano! Magma and lava are Earth! I guess now we know who animated that Firebending Avatar surrounded by lava😏
@dadutchboy2 Spy Gaming
It's ironic to see a fiery ice glacier caricature fave and a cool volcanic face!
tpot 14 lol
Hello from Iceland
( The land of fire and ice )
Gotta love how the glacier has the face of a Thwomp, LMAO
The thumbnail looks so cute