ANOTHER NOTE FROM ME: There are some finer details to the Small House Policy which I didn't mention in the video. For example, indigenous villagers do not immediately receive the land to build a house as soon as they turn 18. They have to apply for permission to build from the lands department and the house has to be built within their own village. Many don't receive it straight away. There are also a few other stipulations. I didn't think it was necessary to explain all these finer details of the policy, as the point of the video was to tell the story of the indigenous villagers and their prominence in Hong Kong. A basic introduction to the Small House Policy was enough to help illustrate the special rights their community has. It would have also slowed the video right down had I gone into all the finer details of the Small House Policy. However, if you do want to read more on the finer details of the Small House Policy, a good place to start would be at these two links: www.legco.gov.hk/research-publications/english/essentials-1516ise10-small-house-policy.htm en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_House_Policy
Thank you Andy, this video has helped me understand much better what has happened in Hong Kong and why it is like this today. The Hong Kong Government really have a very huge uphill task to resolve the hosing problem in Hong Kong with so much extra resistance from different groups. This is one group I didn’t know nor understand about. Being Cantonese myself Hong Kong does hold a special place in my heart. Hope they will be able to resolve these problems soon.
An excellent synopsis of an ever growing problem which, if left to its own device, will eventually cause major problems. The problem is deep rooted which involves culture, identity and politics, and I don't believe the CCP, knowing who's on their side, will rock the boat but it leaves a bitter taste.
Thanks very much for such detailed video about indigenous people in Hong Kong! I've been wondering why a lot of Chinese takeaway in the UK are run by Hakka people, now it all makes sense.
A CORRECTION NOTE FROM ME: 1) The Punti people do not consider Hakka, Hoklo and Tanka people to be truly "indigenous" as they were outsiders who arrived after the Punti had settled the land. However the British colonial government defined these groups as indigenous to Hong Kong, just like the Punti people, as they were living in the area in 1898 before the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory was signed. Though the Hakka, Hoklo and Tanka might not be considered truly indigenous by the Punti, they are, from a legal standpoint, classified as indigenous Hongkongers. 2) The Tanka people’s origins are hard to pin down, but they are believed to be originally part of a sub-ethnic group in Southern China. Ethnically they are separate to the Han Chinese. However today, they have fully assimilated into Han and Cantonese culture.
I guess the legal classification is more about belonging to an indigenous village or not. You can be a Hakka, Hoklo or Tanka heritage but still not legally be an indigenous person if you were a recent arrival. Anyway, since Punti 本地 ("boon dei" in Cantonese) literally translates to local. So Punti person is a "local person", which is a bit of a confusing term to use. We use the term "wai tao yan" 圍頭人 instead. Actually growing up, we were Wai Tao Yan and spoke "seh wah" 蛇話 aka 圍頭話. We included all 4 groups of people you mentioned as locals 本地人.
@@bigboldbicycle that term Punti as it is translated is outdated and only used when you are not Punti. Not used today as these groups would be classified at Weitou people.
I remember reading a book about indigenous folk songs in villages in Sai Kung, which is really fascinating. The scholar has collected the lyrics and recorded many folk songs sung by Punti, Hakka, Tanka and Hoklo people, mostly about marriage, funerals, fishing, festivals and religious rituals. I am just an urban Hong Konger, but these songs make me feel so nostalgic about the rural culture of Hong Kong: ccms.cuhk.edu.hk/en/2018/09/28/933/
If the Punti do not consider the Hakka, Hoklo etc, to be Punti, then who are the Punti 本地 people of HK, and are there villages or people still existing in HK?
Punti is just an archaic romanization of the Cantonese word for local. I think a closer phonetic approximation would be Boonday. The same word in Mandarin would be Bendi. The Punti-Hakka Clan Wars of the 1800's was a clash claiming hundreds of thousands of lives between Hakka settlers and Cantonese natives on the Guangdong coast. Hakka took advantage of the lifting of the Haijin imperial ban on coastal settlements that originally forced Cantonese and Hokkien to evacuate fishing villages along the southeast coast lest they come into contact with Japanese and heaven forbid, European traders and pirates. The Punti (Cantonese) were slower to react to the change in government policy to return to their formerly abandoned villages on the coast, only to find Hakka settlers had already beat them to the game and occupied the newly reopened coast. Battles ensued for over 50 years before the bloodshed ceased. Hong Kong villages were mainly Hakka and Cantonese did not reclaim dominance until after the British colony and subsequent development as a trade port.
Great info on the most recent colonization history of Hong Kong. If you look even further back in Chinese history, the Qin Dynasty colonized many areas including what is now south China and northern Vietnam. The chinese considered any peoples outside of their territories to be barbarians and started to infiltrate their territories to claim the lands as a newly forming 'China' as we know it. These people were tribal peoples and have an umbrella name of the Baiyue. Sadly this is just common human history, one group of people invading and claiming lands for power over resources 😢 check out the Baiyue people! They were super cool and they were tribal warriors!
This documentary is so important and other indigenous communities around the world suffer the same and are also misunderstood. Indigenous communities around the world should be connected with one another for the sake of saving their lands , their peoples , cultures , traditions and history . Thank you for shedding light and sharing all of these important issues.
I am a Hong Kong American who immigrated to America as a young child. This is such a great documentary. It helped me understand my family origin. I will definitely be showing this to my kids. Thank you for doing this.
Great content! Thank you so much for making this video. My paternal side is Yanjiang Tanka who used to live on boats and my maternal side is Vietnamese-Chinese who escaped to Hong Kong in 70s. Grew up in NT myself and now lives in America.
I’m a Chinese Australian descendant of Indigenous Hakka Chinese people from Sha Tau Kok! I found this very insightful as I was in the dark about my history. I had learnt bits and pieces but this opened my eyes more!
OK just found this channel and this is amazing. This is perhaps the first time I found any info in detail, in Cantonese or English, about the villagers of Hong Kong before the immigration wave in 1940s. I'm also a descendant of a Hakka village near Mei Foo/Lai King (on my mother side) so I always wanted to learn more about this part of Hong Kong history. Thank you Andy. Now I'm bit more understanding why my grandparents and my parents are pro-communists, why half of my uncles / aunts immigrated abroad in the 70s (my own family immigrated in 2004 to US). There are still so many questions, but at least I feel like some are answered.
As a "puti" person, I concur that the historically narrative is correct, but one should not judge the behaviour of certain groups based on one sided reports from the BBC with regards to the riots described in this video. Moreover, the distribution of land & resources is political & historical matter which I believe should be left for people who actually live here to find solutions & decisions on outcomes cannot not be left to brain washed British born Chinese kids even if the are indeed of local descent.
My great grandfather is from Cheung Chau. He's a fishman living on a boat. It is the same with my great great grandparents who lived in early 1800. They always call all these tanka, hakka, etc people outsider because they moved here one day and can tell them by their dialect. I guess the term used here is by British definition of indigenous since it is defined at the point where British started their invasion. It sounded like from my ancestors that there are small amounts of people living on the islands of Hong Kong long time ago as fishman families and not just the farmers in New Territory, but it's just from what i hear. It makes sense though, if you are by the sea, it's natural to have some people to go fishing and not everyone farming when fishes were so easily caught and the ocean so clean and clear back in the days. Now even the air is not clean 😢 the Hong Kong oceans are beautiful, I wish everyone respect our homeland more and our planet more.
"I guess the term used here is by British definition of indigenous since it is defined at the point where British started their invasion" Agreed. But the same can be said for the Han who displaced the indigenous BaiYue. They define their "本地-ness" starting from when they took over the Southern lands. But as a counterargument to myself (LOL), there was genetic and cultural mixing of the Han with the BaiYue so the resulting Cantonese population probably can make the legitimate claim to be punti.
Can’t believe I was born and raised in HK and not know this about our history. I live overseas now but next time I go back, I definitely want to visit these villages to learn about the original history of HK.
I'm not a Hong Konger myself (I'm from Scotland) but I have a friend who is an indigenous Tanka Hong Konger. It's fascinating to learn the history and cultures of these people's. This is a great video, thank you.
92% being Han Chinese masks the fact that Southern Han Chinese people also carry significant non-Han ancestry that is local to their area. Cultural Hanification and absorption of indigenous pre-Han populations explain why so few non-Han people remain.
I think its very important to note that the “agreement” you mention at the beginning to lease land to the British was a result of the horrors of the Opium War, incited by the British because the Qing Chinese government was becoming very rich from Chinese exports and the lack of foreign imports. It’s so important to note this violent, evil, petty history behind this Chinese territory. I say this because it’s very easy for Hong Kongers in the current times to romanticize British rule and see them as benevolent overlords (a sentiment demonstrated by the umbrella riots in recent years). This, I find problematic because it makes it results in people seeing Communist China as a brainwashed people, wherein the history of how we overthrew imperial rule abd recovered(ing) from the century of humiliation is key to understanding China and Hong Kong and Taiwan today. Thanks for this video. I come from a third gen HK family with roots in 潮州 and 顺德… So it’s fascinating to know more about indigenous folks in HK!
As a Chinese Canadian, I can say that 95% of the Hong Kongers in Canada were against the riots in the 2019 as soon as they started waving the Union Jack. No Hong Kongers I've met and know that lives in Canada has a very positive view on the British colonizers. Although most are still suspicious of the CCP and Mainland government. Rather than agreeing on a single government, Hong Kongers and mainlanders find common identity in ethnicity. Of course there are biases against Mainlanders due to the socio-economic differences since Hong Kongers were much wealthier.
@@HEEHEEBOII As someone who previously lived in Canada and now in Hong Kong, I think it is difficult for even HK immigrants to grapse the subtle oppression suffered by the people at the hands of the current government, unless you are in the middle of the struggle. Futhermore, the difference in opinion between mainland Chinese and Hong Konger stems mainly from cultural and political differences, rather than the so-called "wealth" discrepancy. In truth, mainland Chinese with dual Hong Kong citizenship are oftentime the rich elites, buying properties and driving up real estate demand for the past 20 years.
@@HEEHEEBOII There are hundreds of young people imprisoned in Hong Kong right now, but many of them did not involved in any violent acts. They were persecuted for what they have posted online. One of the example is the anyone who owned the comic book called "Sheep Village" (羊村), which alluded to the government as big bad wolf and HongKongers as sheeps. All those who bought the book or share online were arrested, not only the author. You can search and verify this. Do you think this is still a city ruled by law? Or is the law used arbitrarily against anyone who said anything about the government? There are many waves of Hong Kong immigrants in Canada. Among those families that migrate to Canada recently, most of them are pro-democracy and against the communist regime. Your claim that 95% of HongKongers in Canada are against the "riots" is only your personal impression, not based on any statistics. It is very likely that, the Chinese Canadians you met are mostly the older generation and those who have settled in Canada for a long time. Most of the second or third generation Chinese Canadians did not experience the Chinese government's oppression first hand. You can only understand what is happening through the lens of media and social media, and depends on what media you watch and read, that would affect your view like tinted glasses.
I used to live in a village house in Clearwater Bay and now live in a village house in Lantau. My house is halfway up a mountain by itself- I have the top floor flat- so beautiful and still only 20 minute drive to the airport! I'm a HK permanent resident and been here nearly 20 years. I love village life, much closer knit and friendly than much of Hong Kong. Very interesting video.
I grew up in Hong Kong under British rule but was unaware of the history of the first inhabitants. They certainly didn’t teach any local history in the British schools!
Very informative. I’m half Papua New Guinean half Fujianese and have always been interested in the indigenous history of Taiwan & Southern China because those are the origins of the Austronesians who mixed with my people to create what is now known as Polynesians. We are all connected in one way or another
Andy this popped up on my feed and I am thankful that you have created this. The many times I have tried to explain it to others but for them to unable to grasp the long history and topics surrounding indigenous hk villagers but you have summed it very nicely. Thank you.
What doesn't make sense is that decedents from the villages born outside HK can still get the ding-kuen. Whereas women born and bred in the village have absolutely zero rights. Anyway, I was told that the ding-kuen is just the right to build. They do not get a plot of land from the government, more an automatic planning consent, the land has to be given out by the village, ie the ancestors.
This is correct, and very outdated and unfair to females. But, after 1997, you'd have thought the Chinese government had the guts to change this. I know this is a sensitive subject(due to shortage of space and housing issues) but it's clearly being abused by those building to let out and building beyond the height restrictions. Then there are those that have even abandoned their homes to live in places like Britain, Holland and Ireland like some of my father's side. It's mind boggling that vacant and decapitated homes are left to rot like that. So there are two sides of the story. Those that need housing, and those that have rights to a potential place (rights) but have abandoned it altogether.
Andy. Thank you for this fascinating video. You really brought the story to life. I hope you make a longer and more detailed video . One small point. I heard that the motivation for the British to control the New Territories was to ensure no other power could get within gunnery range of Hong Kong. Not sure if this is true. I worked in London with a very nice colleague who was from the Pang family in the NT and enjoyed Yum Cha in London Chinatown. I now live in Shatin and often hike to abandoned villages in the hills. I am glad you told the story of the people who lived there, and would love to learn more. I love the way all our histories are connected in different ways. Thank you for sharing your family’s story.
Me, Hakka from Malaysia. My grandfather went from Meixian (Moiyan) to Hong Kong to seek better prospect. Not much luck there, so he boarded a ship to come to British Malaya then, (now, Malaysia) to work in the tin mining industry. Cheers.
It's very interesting to me, my family migrated to australia when I was a child. there's alot of complexities in HK society I'm only slowly learning about now! Thanks so much. I'd be totally interested in watching a deep dive of the village life!
Thank you! This is excellent. I have always wanted to know my history as a Han Chinese /Hakka person whose family and generations of my family are from HK.
I don’t condone violence which is why I didn’t support the protests in 2019. But to put into context, earlier in the night of protesters and villagers brawl. The protesters went into the villages to confront them for their pro-China stance spray graffiti and do damage to their homes. They were chased off by the villagers. After a protest march, the protesters decided to go back to Yuen Long with even more people to confront the villagers again. The resulting brawl is what was televised. I was a victim to the authoritarian nature of the protesters, so I know this is how many of them behaved. You really couldn’t disagree with them on any point, they got very angry to the point of violence.
Also, i hate when people romanticize those pro-deMOCKracy activists. Those pro "demockracy" terrorists were trained and backed by the CIA. They wanted to instigate strife and chaos, start color revolutions. Just like how the CIA does to South American countries.
This is so many things. I’m just a student of a Hong Konger. Great information and the additional corrections are very appreciated by me. Keep up all the great content!!!!✌️👍🙏
Great to finally have a video dedicated to the history of Hong Kong. Would love to see some population numbers, infographics and timelines to give a little more context on the history - perhaps you can make a follow up video? Found it a bit simplified in terms of urban vs villagers. The political situation is a whole another thing which really should be a separate video, unless you mean to tie the two together.... or trying to equate paid gangsters as villagers.
Wow, KwanHau.....you said it explicitly in the tail of your comment..."or trying to equate paid gangsters as villagers....."...lol, that was soo pointed and funny at the same time. Thank you, very much, Dai Go (big brother). Well said....well said.
So interesting. I grew up in the New Territories as it was just being build up but moved to the US at a young age. I heard about 丁屋 but never knew its background story. Good for your ancestors for fighting off those colonizers to retain the traditions of your culture.
My family is from tai Po and their village was taken and is now under water (moved to plover cove) then to tai Po but I sold my right to build because I’m hakka and I also live in Northern Ireland
Awesome video! Very well explained to a Hongkonger that had a broad idea of the indigenous inhabitants but not any details I learned a lot! I was wondering if you could tell me where I could find the small news clips that you used in the video.
Thank you for the feedback! A lot came from this RTHK documentary about the indigenous Hongkongers. The documentary is in Cantonese however: ruclips.net/video/7FUR3Oep0HE/видео.html Couple more: ruclips.net/video/R2MTEJ5Vwrg/видео.html ruclips.net/video/E8_INChf_SQ/видео.html You'll also find a lot more content on RUclips if you search in Chinese rather than English. Try these search terms: 鄉議局 (Heung Yee Kuk) 原居民 (Indigenous people) Hope this helps!
‘Small Property Policy’ is the wrong translation for 丁屋權。 丁 means 男丁, male descendent. It is a policy to grant land rights to the male descendants. 丁 does not mean small in this case.
I know Ngai, a Hakka dialect. My DNA says that I have 20% Chinese Dai. The other 80% unknown but also from GuangXi and Yunna. My last name is the last name of the Yellow Emperor's descendant. Pretty cool
@15:44 Hong Kong is about business not politics. Hong Kong is apolitical. The "protesters" were not protesting for "democracy"- it was their/Hong Kong's decline . Now Hong Kong is just a city on the delta .
Own chinese dialects? Don't you mean their own languages? From what I understand, Hokkien, Hakar and Mandarin are mutually unintelligible, so how are they dialects of chinese? And considered that Hakar didn't even practice footbinding in their history and many other differences, does it make sense to lump these 4 groups you mentioned all under Han? And sorry, but the moment you started talking about "these foreigners" at about 3 minutes, I could not take this serious anymore. Look your history up again: The Qing were foreigners!!!! So why do you single the British out but the Qing are fine?
This is a good idea. I have followed the court case closely and was a little surprised the court upheld in favour of the villagers. I do think there’s more developments to come though for the villagers under John Lee’s administration, so I think I’ll wait to see what happens before making another video.
HAKKA Canto - Korean born in British Hong Kong🇭🇰🇭🇰🇭🇰🇭🇰🇭🇰🇭🇰 1990s baby last of my family to be a British Hong Konger . My father was born in what was Diamond Hill , HK …. Then the walled city
😊😊😊😊 Hello, friend, thank you so much for your nice video. Main indigenous people of hong kong: Punti( 本地人 ） Hakka ( 客家人） Tanka ( 水上居民，蛋家 ），tanka is somewhat offensive, more people use the word: boat people nowadays. 🙂🙂🙂🙂
Your information is informative when it describes the history of the local groups who live in this former occupied Chinese territory. What is not surprising is that the Chinese population of “ HongKong”are so divided and in particulate refer to themselves as HongKongers and that some of those who have migrated to Western Imperialist States identify with the name Hong Kong. The English have only been able to colonize and rule other peoples through division and manipulation. The aim being to Create a fake- identity, based on the Rulers dominant discourse and imagery. In the case of Hong-Kong Chinese who do not have a recognized National Identity this must be schizophrenic, as they are taking on the identity of a European Imperialist State that systematically by threat, force,coercion,and War overthrow the government and destroy the health and well-being of the people of China. The English through force of Arms and the destruction of Chinese cities and occupation of Chinese sea ports demanded that “ Opium” was used as a form of exchange for Chinese products, I.e. Silk, Jade. Porcelain, etc. The English despite their terror, plunder and warmongering did not succeed.in conquering.China and today the Status of being Chinese is respected through the World , while the English who divided, ruled, terrorized murdered and plundered are regarded as “ down and out” and even their rule over the Celtic Peoples of the so called “ United Kingdom” is rapidly ending. Bring Chinese from Hong Kong is a reality, Being English or American Chinese is an illusion. Be what you are and be proud of it!
Interesting, I had no idea about the history of the region, funny how Britain is now being colonised by many commonwealth people's .. How things change, over very little time 🤔 It takes a lot of guts to immigrate to a different land, I know, I tried it! 👍
Britain is now being colonized? Mate, why do you have to whitewash the history of British colonisation of the world? Did these commonwealth people come to Britain on gun boats? Did they overthrown the local British government? Did these commonwealth people establish a social hierarchy where they are on top and native British on the bottom? Did they try to monopolize trade in Britain? Forbidding native British to trade with other people? Are they enslaving native British? Have they built concentration camps in Britain? Are they enforcing their laws, religions, social values, etc, on native British people? All these things were done by the British in their colonization of many places and people around the world.
I am wondering if you could clarify something. I though all people of southern china and vietnam etc, are people called "Yue" and that these groups are different ethnically from Han people
This is a huge generalization, but Southern Chinese are descendants of Han Chinese and Yue people. Northern Chinese are descendants of various nomad groups from the northern steppes and Han Chinese. Then you also have various migration movements inside China over the thousands of years for various reasons, which further mixed the population. There are still some minority groups today living in southern China that are descendants of of Yue that have not integrated themselves into the Han Chinese mainstream. These are mostly people who live in isolated places, like up on mountains and hills. Although, with the growth of China's economy these groups are increasingly integrating themselves into the mainstream. For example, the young people are choosing to work in big cities where they may marry Han Chinese rather than staying in their villages and earning only subsistence level income from agricultural work.
Very interesting video. And isn't it ironic that the villages used to fight the UK but now defends the small house policy left behind by the UK, because it benefits them?
spot on - their evil nature. It's nothing about indigenous rights as they claimed. It's all about money and interest. See how they beat up protestors who fight for democracy. The villagers has 'kow tau" to any dictators so long as they get land or money.
How is it ironic, they fought the UK, won concessions which eventually included the small house policy. Now their decedents fights for their birth right that they won from the UK.
I too am sun gai Cantonese who's grandparents move to the UK. My mom is a Hau and her mom was a Liu. Sucks that I am not able to apply for land rights, even though my UK cousin is able to via his father.
What a great video. Thank you! I'm a descendent of the Indigenous Hong Kong villagers on my mom's side but I have no idea what clan she was from. Her last name is Lee, and the Indigenous land for her was Shatin in the New Territories. Anyways, now I know what Indigenous means in Hong Kong thanks to this video.
After so many years, these sort of free giveaways need to be abolished. You can be the first people there, however, if you don’t do anything to contribute, then it’s just dividing the country, and the people. Being first should not give you more rights forever. And this statement is not just about the indigenous HK, but also the indigenous Australians. Great documentary though, now I understand those TVB series when they mentioned the villagers lawl!
That's because Vietnam used to be a part of China and a large part of it (North Vietnam) dialect/language shares the same tonal inclination as Cantonese.
Same thing happen in England before the world wars started, the island was invaded by Europe then we went to war with ourselves! And they still fighting the Republic and the Empire it's best never ending story
![BLACK BAG - Official Trailer [HD] - Only in Theaters March 14](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Du0Xp8WX_7I/mqdefault.jpg)
ANOTHER NOTE FROM ME:
There are some finer details to the Small House Policy which I didn't mention in the video. For example, indigenous villagers do not immediately receive the land to build a house as soon as they turn 18. They have to apply for permission to build from the lands department and the house has to be built within their own village. Many don't receive it straight away. There are also a few other stipulations.
I didn't think it was necessary to explain all these finer details of the policy, as the point of the video was to tell the story of the indigenous villagers and their prominence in Hong Kong. A basic introduction to the Small House Policy was enough to help illustrate the special rights their community has. It would have also slowed the video right down had I gone into all the finer details of the Small House Policy.
However, if you do want to read more on the finer details of the Small House Policy, a good place to start would be at these two links:
www.legco.gov.hk/research-publications/english/essentials-1516ise10-small-house-policy.htm
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_House_Policy
Thank you Andy, this video has helped me understand much better what has happened in Hong Kong and why it is like this today. The Hong Kong Government really have a very huge uphill task to resolve the hosing problem in Hong Kong with so much extra resistance from different groups. This is one group I didn’t know nor understand about. Being Cantonese myself Hong Kong does hold a special place in my heart. Hope they will be able to resolve these problems soon.
Andy Lo: thank you for your video, very informative and interesting.
An excellent synopsis of an ever growing problem which, if left to its own device, will eventually cause major problems. The problem is deep rooted which involves culture, identity and politics, and I don't believe the CCP, knowing who's on their side, will rock the boat but it leaves a bitter taste.
Thanks very much for such detailed video about indigenous people in Hong Kong! I've been wondering why a lot of Chinese takeaway in the UK are run by Hakka people, now it all makes sense.
A CORRECTION NOTE FROM ME:
1) The Punti people do not consider Hakka, Hoklo and Tanka people to be truly "indigenous" as they were outsiders who arrived after the Punti had settled the land. However the British colonial government defined these groups as indigenous to Hong Kong, just like the Punti people, as they were living in the area in 1898 before the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory was signed.
Though the Hakka, Hoklo and Tanka might not be considered truly indigenous by the Punti, they are, from a legal standpoint, classified as indigenous Hongkongers.
2) The Tanka people’s origins are hard to pin down, but they are believed to be originally part of a sub-ethnic group in Southern China. Ethnically they are separate to the Han Chinese. However today, they have fully assimilated into Han and Cantonese culture.
I guess the legal classification is more about belonging to an indigenous village or not. You can be a Hakka, Hoklo or Tanka heritage but still not legally be an indigenous person if you were a recent arrival.
Anyway, since Punti 本地 ("boon dei" in Cantonese) literally translates to local. So Punti person is a "local person", which is a bit of a confusing term to use. We use the term "wai tao yan" 圍頭人 instead. Actually growing up, we were Wai Tao Yan and spoke "seh wah" 蛇話 aka 圍頭話. We included all 4 groups of people you mentioned as locals 本地人.
@@bigboldbicycle that term Punti as it is translated is outdated and only used when you are not Punti. Not used today as these groups would be classified at Weitou people.
I remember reading a book about indigenous folk songs in villages in Sai Kung, which is really fascinating. The scholar has collected the lyrics and recorded many folk songs sung by Punti, Hakka, Tanka and Hoklo people, mostly about marriage, funerals, fishing, festivals and religious rituals. I am just an urban Hong Konger, but these songs make me feel so nostalgic about the rural culture of Hong Kong:
ccms.cuhk.edu.hk/en/2018/09/28/933/
If the Punti do not consider the Hakka, Hoklo etc, to be Punti, then who are the Punti 本地 people of HK, and are there villages or people still existing in HK?
Punti is just an archaic romanization of the Cantonese word for local. I think a closer phonetic approximation would be Boonday. The same word in Mandarin would be Bendi.
The Punti-Hakka Clan Wars of the 1800's was a clash claiming hundreds of thousands of lives between Hakka settlers and Cantonese natives on the Guangdong coast. Hakka took advantage of the lifting of the Haijin imperial ban on coastal settlements that originally forced Cantonese and Hokkien to evacuate fishing villages along the southeast coast lest they come into contact with Japanese and heaven forbid, European traders and pirates.
The Punti (Cantonese) were slower to react to the change in government policy to return to their formerly abandoned villages on the coast, only to find Hakka settlers had already beat them to the game and occupied the newly reopened coast. Battles ensued for over 50 years before the bloodshed ceased. Hong Kong villages were mainly Hakka and Cantonese did not reclaim dominance until after the British colony and subsequent development as a trade port.
Great info on the most recent colonization history of Hong Kong. If you look even further back in Chinese history, the Qin Dynasty colonized many areas including what is now south China and northern Vietnam. The chinese considered any peoples outside of their territories to be barbarians and started to infiltrate their territories to claim the lands as a newly forming 'China' as we know it. These people were tribal peoples and have an umbrella name of the Baiyue. Sadly this is just common human history, one group of people invading and claiming lands for power over resources 😢 check out the Baiyue people! They were super cool and they were tribal warriors!
This documentary is so important and other indigenous communities around the world suffer the same and are also misunderstood. Indigenous communities around the world should be connected with one another for the sake of saving their lands , their peoples , cultures , traditions and history .
Thank you for shedding light and sharing all of these important issues.
I am a Hong Kong American who immigrated to America as a young child. This is such a great documentary. It helped me understand my family origin. I will definitely be showing this to my kids. Thank you for doing this.
Honk Kong American lol😂
like bruce lee lol @@JohnWick-xy7nz
I am a Gweilo who has lived in Hong Kong for 51 years. Thankyou for this interesting video.
Are u ESL teacher??
I am from the Hau Clan! We were directly involved with the resistance force against the British. If you’re in London it would be awesome to chat! 👍
I’ve always wondered about the indigenous peoples of Hong Kong. Thank you for making this video. I’ve really learned a lot
Great content! Thank you so much for making this video. My paternal side is Yanjiang Tanka who used to live on boats and my maternal side is Vietnamese-Chinese who escaped to Hong Kong in 70s. Grew up in NT myself and now lives in America.
So cool to see another Tanka on here, my maternal grandfather was also a Tanka who went from water to live on Duck Island.
Thanks Andy for a very interesting piece of history. Well done and keep up the good work. Cheers from Malaysia.
That was an excellent explanation of Hong Kong’s indigenous people’s background and present circumstance, Thank You.
I’m a Chinese Australian descendant of Indigenous Hakka Chinese people from Sha Tau Kok! I found this very insightful as I was in the dark about my history. I had learnt bits and pieces but this opened my eyes more!
Go to your village. You will learn more. My family are also from Sha Tau Kok. I'm British born.
OK just found this channel and this is amazing. This is perhaps the first time I found any info in detail, in Cantonese or English, about the villagers of Hong Kong before the immigration wave in 1940s. I'm also a descendant of a Hakka village near Mei Foo/Lai King (on my mother side) so I always wanted to learn more about this part of Hong Kong history.
Thank you Andy. Now I'm bit more understanding why my grandparents and my parents are pro-communists, why half of my uncles / aunts immigrated abroad in the 70s (my own family immigrated in 2004 to US). There are still so many questions, but at least I feel like some are answered.
As a "puti" person, I concur that the historically narrative is correct, but one should not judge the behaviour of certain groups based on one sided reports from the BBC with regards to the riots described in this video. Moreover, the distribution of land & resources is political & historical matter which I believe should be left for people who actually live here to find solutions & decisions on outcomes cannot not be left to brain washed British born Chinese kids even if the are indeed of local descent.
European countries are mostly colonizers evil.
My great grandfather is from Cheung Chau. He's a fishman living on a boat. It is the same with my great great grandparents who lived in early 1800. They always call all these tanka, hakka, etc people outsider because they moved here one day and can tell them by their dialect. I guess the term used here is by British definition of indigenous since it is defined at the point where British started their invasion. It sounded like from my ancestors that there are small amounts of people living on the islands of Hong Kong long time ago as fishman families and not just the farmers in New Territory, but it's just from what i hear. It makes sense though, if you are by the sea, it's natural to have some people to go fishing and not everyone farming when fishes were so easily caught and the ocean so clean and clear back in the days. Now even the air is not clean 😢 the Hong Kong oceans are beautiful, I wish everyone respect our homeland more and our planet more.
"I guess the term used here is by British definition of indigenous since it is defined at the point where British started their invasion" Agreed. But the same can be said for the Han who displaced the indigenous BaiYue. They define their "本地-ness" starting from when they took over the Southern lands. But as a counterargument to myself (LOL), there was genetic and cultural mixing of the Han with the BaiYue so the resulting Cantonese population probably can make the legitimate claim to be punti.
Can’t believe I was born and raised in HK and not know this about our history. I live overseas now but next time I go back, I definitely want to visit these villages to learn about the original history of HK.
I'm not a Hong Konger myself (I'm from Scotland) but I have a friend who is an indigenous Tanka Hong Konger. It's fascinating to learn the history and cultures of these people's. This is a great video, thank you.
thanks for this video, I learned so much HK history I did not know previously.
92% being Han Chinese masks the fact that Southern Han Chinese people also carry significant non-Han ancestry that is local to their area. Cultural Hanification and absorption of indigenous pre-Han populations explain why so few non-Han people remain.
I agree that that’s a good point that should have been added in and clarified in the video
Mostly rooted in the 100 yue tribes of old
多謝！
What had been offered in treaty must be honored. NT indigenous don't want to be betrayed like the Cherokees and Sioux Lakota tribes.
I think its very important to note that the “agreement” you mention at the beginning to lease land to the British was a result of the horrors of the Opium War, incited by the British because the Qing Chinese government was becoming very rich from Chinese exports and the lack of foreign imports. It’s so important to note this violent, evil, petty history behind this Chinese territory. I say this because it’s very easy for Hong Kongers in the current times to romanticize British rule and see them as benevolent overlords (a sentiment demonstrated by the umbrella riots in recent years). This, I find problematic because it makes it results in people seeing Communist China as a brainwashed people, wherein the history of how we overthrew imperial rule abd recovered(ing) from the century of humiliation is key to understanding China and Hong Kong and Taiwan today.
Thanks for this video. I come from a third gen HK family with roots in 潮州 and 顺德… So it’s fascinating to know more about indigenous folks in HK!
Wait, do you live in hkg? If so then you prefer living under the communists ?
As a Chinese Canadian, I can say that 95% of the Hong Kongers in Canada were against the riots in the 2019 as soon as they started waving the Union Jack. No Hong Kongers I've met and know that lives in Canada has a very positive view on the British colonizers. Although most are still suspicious of the CCP and Mainland government. Rather than agreeing on a single government, Hong Kongers and mainlanders find common identity in ethnicity. Of course there are biases against Mainlanders due to the socio-economic differences since Hong Kongers were much wealthier.
@@HEEHEEBOII As someone who previously lived in Canada and now in Hong Kong, I think it is difficult for even HK immigrants to grapse the subtle oppression suffered by the people at the hands of the current government, unless you are in the middle of the struggle. Futhermore, the difference in opinion between mainland Chinese and Hong Konger stems mainly from cultural and political differences, rather than the so-called "wealth" discrepancy. In truth, mainland Chinese with dual Hong Kong citizenship are oftentime the rich elites, buying properties and driving up real estate demand for the past 20 years.
@@gundam2962 what oppression are you even talking about lmao. Please name a few.
@@HEEHEEBOII There are hundreds of young people imprisoned in Hong Kong right now, but many of them did not involved in any violent acts. They were persecuted for what they have posted online. One of the example is the anyone who owned the comic book called "Sheep Village" (羊村), which alluded to the government as big bad wolf and HongKongers as sheeps. All those who bought the book or share online were arrested, not only the author. You can search and verify this. Do you think this is still a city ruled by law? Or is the law used arbitrarily against anyone who said anything about the government?
There are many waves of Hong Kong immigrants in Canada. Among those families that migrate to Canada recently, most of them are pro-democracy and against the communist regime. Your claim that 95% of HongKongers in Canada are against the "riots" is only your personal impression, not based on any statistics. It is very likely that, the Chinese Canadians you met are mostly the older generation and those who have settled in Canada for a long time.
Most of the second or third generation Chinese Canadians did not experience the Chinese government's oppression first hand. You can only understand what is happening through the lens of media and social media, and depends on what media you watch and read, that would affect your view like tinted glasses.
I have recently developed a fascination with Hong Kong, so I’m happy to subscribe. Hope to visit soon. ✌️
I used to live in a village house in Clearwater Bay and now live in a village house in Lantau. My house is halfway up a mountain by itself- I have the top floor flat- so beautiful and still only 20 minute drive to the airport! I'm a HK permanent resident and been here nearly 20 years. I love village life, much closer knit and friendly than much of Hong Kong. Very interesting video.
I grew up in Hong Kong under British rule but was unaware of the history of the first inhabitants. They certainly didn’t teach any local history in the British schools!
Very informative. I’m half Papua New Guinean half Fujianese and have always been interested in the indigenous history of Taiwan & Southern China because those are the origins of the Austronesians who mixed with my people to create what is now known as Polynesians. We are all connected in one way or another
Thanks for this, a really interesting and insightful deep dive into this topic!
Brilliant, I will show this to my children who are half English, as it explains a complex situation in a easy to understand way. Thank you.
Andy this popped up on my feed and I am thankful that you have created this. The many times I have tried to explain it to others but for them to unable to grasp the long history and topics surrounding indigenous hk villagers but you have summed it very nicely. Thank you.
Andy, this is a great video! Loved it
What doesn't make sense is that decedents from the villages born outside HK can still get the ding-kuen. Whereas women born and bred in the village have absolutely zero rights.
Anyway, I was told that the ding-kuen is just the right to build. They do not get a plot of land from the government, more an automatic planning consent, the land has to be given out by the village, ie the ancestors.
This is correct, and very outdated and unfair to females. But, after 1997, you'd have thought the Chinese government had the guts to change this. I know this is a sensitive subject(due to shortage of space and housing issues) but it's clearly being abused by those building to let out and building beyond the height restrictions. Then there are those that have even abandoned their homes to live in places like Britain, Holland and Ireland like some of my father's side. It's mind boggling that vacant and decapitated homes are left to rot like that. So there are two sides of the story. Those that need housing, and those that have rights to a potential place (rights) but have abandoned it altogether.
You get married you change name. Only the son carry on the names.
我是女性，在當時環境完全合理！！女子嫁去男家就是夫家人！沒有可能雙重利益！血統必須一脈相傳！跟父姓！科學傳承！女子不嫁無後死後便終止完結了！同意嗎？
Simply an incredible video. This gives me a completely different perspective to those incidents that happened in Hong Kong.
Great work Andy. Top RUclips content right here.
Andy. Thank you for this fascinating video. You really brought the story to life. I hope you make a longer and more detailed video .
One small point. I heard that the motivation for the British to control the New Territories was to ensure no other power could get within gunnery range of Hong Kong. Not sure if this is true.
I worked in London with a very nice colleague who was from the Pang family in the NT and enjoyed Yum Cha in London Chinatown. I now live in Shatin and often hike to abandoned villages in the hills. I am glad you told the story of the people who lived there, and would love to learn more. I love the way all our histories are connected in different ways. Thank you for sharing your family’s story.
Hello. Hakka ren here. Anyone else?
Me, Hakka from Malaysia. My grandfather went from Meixian (Moiyan) to Hong Kong to seek better prospect. Not much luck there, so he boarded a ship to come to British Malaya then, (now, Malaysia) to work in the tin mining industry. Cheers.
Wow, this is incredible. Thanks a lot
It's very interesting to me, my family migrated to australia when I was a child. there's alot of complexities in HK society I'm only slowly learning about now! Thanks so much. I'd be totally interested in watching a deep dive of the village life!
This is a great video revealing the truth and insights about the indigenous peoples of Hong-Kong defending their rights.
This is great video. Well done 👍🏻
wow this is an amazing story Andy! Never knew about this.
Super interesting! Thanks for sharing, Andy.
Thank you for making this video !
I remember growing up, chinatowns abroad were mostly filled with cantonese speakers. It’s now mostly mandarin these days.
In America, it was originally Hoisanese speakers, then the Cantonese, then Mandarin speakers.
This is so interesting! Thank you. My dad came to the UK in the 60s and is Hakka.
Hey 🇭🇰
This is so great , thank you 🙏🏻
I wish I’d found your channel much earlier !
Proud of you 🍎
Thank you! This is excellent. I have always wanted to know my history as a Han Chinese /Hakka person whose family and generations of my family are from HK.
Great job, Andy! I really like it. I am an indigenous from Hong Kong too. ;-)
I don’t condone violence which is why I didn’t support the protests in 2019. But to put into context, earlier in the night of protesters and villagers brawl. The protesters went into the villages to confront them for their pro-China stance spray graffiti and do damage to their homes. They were chased off by the villagers.
After a protest march, the protesters decided to go back to Yuen Long with even more people to confront the villagers again. The resulting brawl is what was televised.
I was a victim to the authoritarian nature of the protesters, so I know this is how many of them behaved. You really couldn’t disagree with them on any point, they got very angry to the point of violence.
Also, i hate when people romanticize those pro-deMOCKracy activists. Those pro "demockracy" terrorists were trained and backed by the CIA. They wanted to instigate strife and chaos, start color revolutions. Just like how the CIA does to South American countries.
Very well made and informative thank you
This is so many things. I’m just a student of a Hong Konger. Great information and the additional corrections are very appreciated by me.
Keep up all the great content!!!!✌️👍🙏
Great to finally have a video dedicated to the history of Hong Kong. Would love to see some population numbers, infographics and timelines to give a little more context on the history - perhaps you can make a follow up video? Found it a bit simplified in terms of urban vs villagers. The political situation is a whole another thing which really should be a separate video, unless you mean to tie the two together.... or trying to equate paid gangsters as villagers.
Wow, KwanHau.....you said it explicitly in the tail of your comment..."or trying to equate paid gangsters as villagers....."...lol, that was soo pointed and funny at the same time. Thank you, very much, Dai Go (big brother). Well said....well said.
Wow this is amazing to see. Thank you for sharing.
Love this - so informative!
Thank you. My great grandfather was an indeginous person of HK so this is invaluable information to me.
Great context ! I learned so much of my homeland.
Very interesting, largely accurate and well balanced. Thank you from a non-indiginous expat Sai Kunger.
great 👍 ! So informative & accurate! and you covered the 6 day war TaiPo. The ancestors thank you 🙏🏻 .
I used to live around the blockf rom the Shartin Rural Committee building. Great video, just subscribed.
The British just played each group of Chinese against another.
You forgot about the Bai Yue people that were the original inhabitants of Southeast China 2000 years ago.
Tanka are descendants of Baiyue - Baiyue are also Han.
Thanks Andy, it is very informative and well presented!!!
Great video man!
So interesting. I grew up in the New Territories as it was just being build up but moved to the US at a young age. I heard about 丁屋 but never knew its background story. Good for your ancestors for fighting off those colonizers to retain the traditions of your culture.
Thank you for sharing. im an ABC. but my mother and my uNcles were born in Hong Kong during the British Hong Kong.
Hey Andy, very info and interesting video. One note, I believe the 'ding policy' is referring to 'son' instead of 'small'.
Great video!
My family is from tai Po and their village was taken and is now under water (moved to plover cove) then to tai Po but I sold my right to build because I’m hakka and I also live in Northern Ireland
Interesting ! Some what learn about Hong Kong
Thanks😊
Excellent documentary Andy. I've learned alot from it.
Awesome video! Very well explained to a Hongkonger that had a broad idea of the indigenous inhabitants but not any details I learned a lot! I was wondering if you could tell me where I could find the small news clips that you used in the video.
Thank you for the feedback!
A lot came from this RTHK documentary about the indigenous Hongkongers. The documentary is in Cantonese however: ruclips.net/video/7FUR3Oep0HE/видео.html
Couple more:
ruclips.net/video/R2MTEJ5Vwrg/видео.html
ruclips.net/video/E8_INChf_SQ/видео.html
You'll also find a lot more content on RUclips if you search in Chinese rather than English. Try these search terms:
鄉議局 (Heung Yee Kuk)
原居民 (Indigenous people)
Hope this helps!
@@andylo1 Thank you very much! Don't worry my name is misleading I'm a halfie 廣東話係我其中一個母語。
Good vid. I live in Tai mei tuk now and it’s a good summary
great content keep it up! :)
‘Small Property Policy’ is the wrong translation for 丁屋權。 丁 means 男丁, male descendent. It is a policy to grant land rights to the male descendants.
丁 does not mean small in this case.
I know Ngai, a Hakka dialect. My DNA says that I have 20% Chinese Dai. The other 80% unknown but also from GuangXi and Yunna. My last name is the last name of the Yellow Emperor's descendant. Pretty cool
Excellent!
@15:44 Hong Kong is about business not politics. Hong Kong is apolitical. The "protesters" were not protesting for "democracy"- it was their/Hong Kong's decline . Now Hong Kong is just a city on the delta .
Own chinese dialects? Don't you mean their own languages? From what I understand, Hokkien, Hakar and Mandarin are mutually unintelligible, so how are they dialects of chinese? And considered that Hakar didn't even practice footbinding in their history and many other differences, does it make sense to lump these 4 groups you mentioned all under Han? And sorry, but the moment you started talking about "these foreigners" at about 3 minutes, I could not take this serious anymore. Look your history up again: The Qing were foreigners!!!! So why do you single the British out but the Qing are fine?
Qings are Manchurians not Han chinese.
Han chinese from Tang Dynasty, Song Dynasty
@@kimmie5861 and you wrote this for what reason?
They are distinct languages. Though they are all forms of Chinese, as they all descend from older forms of spoken Chinese.
@@Thindorama then what is chinese?
Thanks, a very interesting video.
Protect and preserve the rights, cultures and properties of the indigenous people in Hong Kong .
Hey @andy lo. When will you make another video part 2. How do you view this now since heung yee k won the court case against kwok chuek kin?
This is a good idea. I have followed the court case closely and was a little surprised the court upheld in favour of the villagers. I do think there’s more developments to come though for the villagers under John Lee’s administration, so I think I’ll wait to see what happens before making another video.
@@andylo1 looking forward to watch your part 2 👍 “add oil”.
I just found out my family are Hakka people!
I have good memories of Lama Island life from the 1980s.
HAKKA Canto - Korean born in British Hong Kong🇭🇰🇭🇰🇭🇰🇭🇰🇭🇰🇭🇰 1990s baby last of my family to be a British Hong Konger . My father was born in what was Diamond Hill , HK …. Then the walled city
thank you.
😊😊😊😊 Hello, friend, thank you so much for your nice video. Main indigenous people of hong kong:
Punti( 本地人 ）
Hakka ( 客家人）
Tanka ( 水上居民，蛋家 ），tanka is somewhat offensive, more people use the word: boat people nowadays. 🙂🙂🙂🙂
Your information is informative when it describes the history of the local groups who live in this former occupied Chinese territory.
What is not surprising is that the Chinese population of “ HongKong”are so divided and in particulate refer to themselves as HongKongers and that some of those who have migrated to Western Imperialist States identify with the name Hong Kong. The English have only been able to colonize and rule other peoples through division and manipulation. The aim being to
Create a fake- identity, based on
the Rulers dominant discourse and imagery. In the case of Hong-Kong Chinese who do not have a recognized National Identity this must be schizophrenic, as they are taking on the identity of a European Imperialist State that systematically by threat, force,coercion,and War overthrow the government and destroy the health and well-being of the people of China. The English through force of Arms and the destruction of Chinese cities and occupation of Chinese sea ports demanded that “ Opium” was used as a form of exchange for Chinese products, I.e. Silk, Jade. Porcelain,
etc. The English despite their terror,
plunder and warmongering did not succeed.in conquering.China and today the Status of being Chinese is respected through the World , while the English who divided, ruled, terrorized murdered and plundered are regarded as “ down and out” and even their rule over the Celtic Peoples of the so called “ United Kingdom” is rapidly ending.
Bring Chinese from Hong Kong is a reality, Being English or American
Chinese is an illusion. Be what you are and be proud of it!
Interesting, I had no idea about the history of the region, funny how Britain is now being colonised by many commonwealth people's ..
How things change, over very little time 🤔
It takes a lot of guts to immigrate to a different land, I know, I tried it! 👍
Britain is now being colonized?
Mate, why do you have to whitewash the history of British colonisation of the world?
Did these commonwealth people come to Britain on gun boats? Did they overthrown the local British government? Did these commonwealth people establish a social hierarchy where they are on top and native British on the bottom? Did they try to monopolize trade in Britain? Forbidding native British to trade with other people? Are they enslaving native British? Have they built concentration camps in Britain? Are they enforcing their laws, religions, social values, etc, on native British people?
All these things were done by the British in their colonization of many places and people around the world.
I am wondering if you could clarify something. I though all people of southern china and vietnam etc, are people called "Yue" and that these groups are different ethnically from Han people
This is a huge generalization, but Southern Chinese are descendants of Han Chinese and Yue people. Northern Chinese are descendants of various nomad groups from the northern steppes and Han Chinese.
Then you also have various migration movements inside China over the thousands of years for various reasons, which further mixed the population.
There are still some minority groups today living in southern China that are descendants of of Yue that have not integrated themselves into the Han Chinese mainstream. These are mostly people who live in isolated places, like up on mountains and hills.
Although, with the growth of China's economy these groups are increasingly integrating themselves into the mainstream. For example, the young people are choosing to work in big cities where they may marry Han Chinese rather than staying in their villages and earning only subsistence level income from agricultural work.
@@johnyossarian9059 thank you!
Great info 👍
Hi Andy. I'm also a BBC living in HK and similar background to you. How do I get in touch with you?
Hi Michael, my Instagram is in the description of this video
Very interesting video. And isn't it ironic that the villages used to fight the UK but now defends the small house policy left behind by the UK, because it benefits them?
spot on - their evil nature. It's nothing about indigenous rights as they claimed. It's all about money and interest. See how they beat up protestors who fight for democracy. The villagers has 'kow tau" to any dictators so long as they get land or money.
How is it ironic, they fought the UK, won concessions which eventually included the small house policy. Now their decedents fights for their birth right that they won from the UK.
wellll at least these indigenous hk people aren't saying that god chose them to illegally occupy, steal land, and genocide everyone else!
what language did the indigenous villagers speak ? cantonese ?
Weitou Dialect 圍頭話
I too am sun gai Cantonese who's grandparents move to the UK. My mom is a Hau and her mom was a Liu. Sucks that I am not able to apply for land rights, even though my UK cousin is able to via his father.
WHO gave Mark Rubio a say on HK? The ancestors of the indigenous people stood up to the Brits and shed blood for CHINA !
That’s how they did us in the USA -as native Indians they gave 40 acres of land !!!!
What a great video. Thank you! I'm a descendent of the Indigenous Hong Kong villagers on my mom's side but I have no idea what clan she was from. Her last name is Lee, and the Indigenous land for her was Shatin in the New Territories. Anyways, now I know what Indigenous means in Hong Kong thanks to this video.
After so many years, these sort of free giveaways need to be abolished. You can be the first people there, however, if you don’t do anything to contribute, then it’s just dividing the country, and the people. Being first should not give you more rights forever. And this statement is not just about the indigenous HK, but also the indigenous Australians.
Great documentary though, now I understand those TVB series when they mentioned the villagers lawl!
Good video fellow Hakka bro👏👏
Hmmm, the British colonizers didn’t promote democracy & allow self determination?
very interesting. hong kong people and cantonese look very vietnamese in my eyes
That's because Vietnam used to be a part of China and a large part of it (North Vietnam) dialect/language shares the same tonal inclination as Cantonese.
The Tankas (boat people) are genetically non Han Chinese. DNA has proven this. They may have married into the Han group.
Same thing happen in England before the world wars started, the island was invaded by Europe then we went to war with ourselves! And they still fighting the Republic and the Empire it's best never ending story