Want a Whole New Body? Ask This Flatworm How | Deep Look
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- Опубликовано: 22 окт 2018
- Planarians are tiny googly-eyed flatworms with an uncanny ability: They can regrow their entire bodies, even a new head. So how do they do it?
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Nelson Hall wants you to know that the googly-eyed flatworm he just sliced into four pieces is going to be OK.
Three of the flatworm’s four pieces have started to wriggle away from each other and its head is moving in circles under Hall’s microscope. “The head will just go off and do its own thing,” said Hall, a doctoral student of bioengineering at Stanford University.
But in three weeks, the head, as well as the other pieces, will each have grown into a complete flatworm just like the one Hall sliced up, dark brown and about a half-inch long.
Hall and researchers around the world are hard at work trying to understand how these flatworms, called planarians, use powerful stem cells to regenerate their entire bodies, an ability humans can only dream of.
Animals like starfish, salamanders and crabs can regrow a tail or a leg. Planarians, on the other hand, can regrow their entire bodies - even their heads, which only a few animals can do.
---What is the difference between healing and regeneration?
When we suffer a severe injury, the best we can hope for is that our wounds will heal. “Healing is more like closing the wound and cleaning debris. It’s too short of a process to have tissue replacement,” said Hall. “Regeneration is replacing the tissue that was lost.”
---What are pluripotent stem cells?
If planarians can regrow body parts, why can’t we? Key to planarians’ regenerative ability are powerful cells called pluripotent stem cells, which make up one-fifth of their bodies and can grow into every new body part. Humans only have pluripotent stem cells during the embryonic stage, before birth. After that, we mostly lose our ability to sprout new organs.
“We have a couple of tissues that can regenerate, like the liver, the outer layers of the skin and the inner layers of the intestine, and the bone marrow,” said Dr. Stephen Badylak, Deputy Director of the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh. “But the way we heal most tissues is by forming scar tissue.”
Scientists hope that studying planarians could lead to treatments for humans in which our stem cells could be coaxed one day to regrow severed limbs or sick organs.
---How to grow a fingertip.
Doctors are limited in what they can currently do to help people who lose a limb or part of one. Badylak, who doesn’t study planarians, has developed a treatment at the University of Pittsburgh that helps patients regrow their fingertips after an accident.
He applies a powder made of animal collagen and substances that stimulate cells to grow, to help form a scaffold that attracts stem cells from the parts of the nail that weren’t cut off. The stem cells regrow the fingertip, which isn’t identical to the one that was cut off, but is functional.
---+ Read the entire article on KQED Science:
www.kqed.org/science/1933246/...
---+ For more information:
Regeneration in Nature: Francesc Cebrià’s blog on animal regeneration: regenerationinnature.wordpres...
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#deeplook #planaria #flatworm 
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Hi Deep Look fans! I produced this episode. Here are the answers to a few questions you have asked. Nelson Hall, a doctoral student at Stanford University who studies planarians provided me with the answers below. Thanks for watching! -Gabriela
1- What would happen if a planarian were cut lengthwise, rather than from side to side, as we show in the video?
It would take a little longer to regenerate, but it would regenerate all the same.
2- How do planarians reproduce?
Some reproduce sexually, by mating and laying eggs. Others reproduce asexually, by breaking off a piece of their body from which a new planarian grows.
3- How do planarians die?
Hall says they can die from infection or starvation. “If you really want to kill a worm,” he says, “you can dehydrate it, keep it over 30 degrees Celsius, freeze it, or use toxic chemicals. I’m sure you could get creative with how to kill planarians, but cutting (within reason) and aging will not do it.”
4- If you put a planarian in a blender, would each bit regenerate?
“Unfortunately, probably not,” Hall says. “A planarian in a blender will just produce very dead worm mush.”
5- What is the smallest amount of planarian that can regenerate?
“If the wound can close and if the remaining fragment has at least one stem cell,” says Hall, then it can grow a whole new planarian.
6- Are planarians immortal?
If none of the situations described above were to happen, then yes, a planarian could be immortal. For asexual planarians - the ones that reproduce by breaking off a piece of their bodies and growing a new planarian - there’s no evidence that they age, Hall says. For planarians that reproduce sexually, there may be a slight decline in fertility with age.
This is a great video, thank you!
Good video!!!!! I need softer skin on my leg
Wow...
Great production of this biological marvel.
Biettaitihon
Their faces are just like:
• •
Yep
accurate
< >
◑ ◐
👄
They’re just so cute
"It doesn't even hurt"
Flatworm: *screams in high pitch*
😂😂😂
It’s So high you can’t hear it
😆
@@Jebby44v hahahah lol
I like ya cut g
Imagine being born like this. Hey mom, how was I born?
Mom: oh I cut off my leg and you grew
Good one
yEaH lOl
lol yes
omgood I am dead, Good one sir/ma'am
Good joke
Those 4 must be like:
"I'm you"
"No I am you"
"Nooo"
😄
Fr tho so it has different bodies??
and the fourth one is just dead.
@@goroakechisnumberonewife fragmentation/regeneration.
its just clones, if it has diseases, well the clones also have diseases
All I can picture is the Spiderman meme
Planarian: I'm so lonely...
Scientist: *chops planarian in half*
Planarian: ARGH oh hey....
@ioan kolev lol for the sake of the joke just roll with it 😂
ioan kolev it’s a joke.
ioan kolev Lol u will never understand memes or jokes.
As well as the other side of the African American you are not going to be on the way to the hospital
ioan kolev it was a joke
Planarian: I'm alone
Scientist: I got you fam
Planarian: Nice
Hahaha super funneh
Lol ⊙□⊙
Nice
**chops him up**
Planarian clones: Nice
My boyfriend’s mum is a scientist working on flatworm research. She showed me her little tub of flatworms she uses to research & it’s so fascinating
Where?
@@heinrichharkonen2084 where what?
@@brambleberry95why is your mom dating a planerian?
@@IAmGonnaPutSomeDirtInYourEye1 pardon?
@@brambleberry95 i am a planeterian
If we as humans kept those cells when we grow older, wouldnt that mean that if an arm got cut off, not only would the arm grow back, but the arm that was cut off would grow a new body?
Yep
Wait are you the finger that i cut off when i was 4?
Me 2:Yes i am, and i have come to get my revenge, your head, hand it over.
the arm wouldn't have enough energy to grow a body tho
and the human body is too complex for it to regrow without dying I guess
It would make sense, when there's enough stem cells concentrated in that arm it should work. But I doubt it'd be nearly enough to replicate all the complex tirrues, organs, etc of the body. The concentration in that arm would have to extreme - most likely impossible to achieve. Unless these cells get reproduced at a fast rate without needing to ingest energy it'd run dry pretty fast.
I guess that's probably also the reason why stem cell treatments on humans are limited in what you can do with it
Am I the only one thinks that their faces look cute?
Nope!!
No
Adorable, you mean !
no
They are adorable
I suppose you could consider the guy who cut it up a disciplanarian
Comment of the day
Oh my god, only 4 likes on a loved comment (counting myself.) What kind of image does that send regarding puns on this channel?
Ethanotor Oculus just don't let it become as bad as sci-show.
Bwahahahaha!
+Pi Oh, you have a very charming laugh sir.
“don’t worry it won’t hurt”
worm be like
Oh no!
3 weeks later
anyways
Honestly these things have the oldest eye design. In the animal kingdom
“Lisa Simpson was afraid to cut an earthworm....well yeah the earthworm can pull a flatworm, but only once”
"Planarians are the ONLY animals that can regrow a head, so why can't we?"
*Because we don't want a copy of ourselves running around.*
To show you the power of stem cells.
I SAWED THIS WORM IN HALF!!
@@sp33dw33d_ copied
You don't. I want to lay around doing nothing while my copy does all the hard work and giving me the credit ;)
That's if you're in school.
I want a copy of my own that way I can play with it and it will help me do my homework
Me: *Kills planarian*
Planarian: *Bish I'm 5 of them now.*
XD
😆😆😆
Me: *Bish I'm Fabulous*
@SaltySybill uhh there's a slight problem.
SaltySybill r/wooosh my dude
I used to view these videos when I was younger, I didn't realize I was learning bits of information about stuff like the kingdom animalia, stem cells, and stuff. Thanks for helping me with biology
Awesome! This comment makes our day.
I love this so much. This is such a cute video and every time I watch this it just makes me so happy!
"I promise, everything's gonna be OK."
*cuts into 4 pieces*
And i promise when you hear taht
You comment this right?
Dont lie god see you
It was ok
🍽
i thought she killed that poor worm but she dupes them into more thank god
“ :) “
TO SHOW YOU THE POWER OF STEM CELLS
I SAWED THIS PLANARIA IN HALF
THATS A LOT OF REGENERATION
Oh my god XD
This is the kind of comments i want to see when i come down here
HOW ABOUT A LITTLE MORE?!?! *cuts into 4*
*m i t o s i s*
*This is "Flat" out amazing. I don't think I can "Worm" my way out of that cutting session*
I love the planarian leitmotif in this video, it fits them perfectly!
Murderer: *slashes planarian in half*
Planarian: Oh, no. Now I have a brother...
Dino
And another cut! And he say's "dada"
Son* xD
Or a child? Like mitosis produces daughter cells
a HALF-brother! Eheheheh....bad pun
The little eyes are soo cute!
Unicfruit I know right!
Worms are usually gross, but then I saw these had tiny eyes and I thought they were cute too. 🤣
It way too kawaii
Unicfruit ikr!
those actually aren’t eyes
I did this to myself but I'm still waiting for it to grow back.
I actually did this experiment when I was a kid (around 6 I think).
There were these thin black worms that we saw when it rained, and my mom told me that if I cut one of them into half they'd become 2 separate worms. So naturally, the next time it rained I went to the balcony, caught one and put it in a bowl to cut it into half. It actually worked. When I cut it, the 2 pieces just became 2 different worms.
That's cool
They're sooo adorable ^^ btw, their "eyes" are really just 2 clusters of cells that are sensitive to light, so they're much more basic than regular eyes
I think they're pretty gross. I touched one before. Never wanna touch again.
@@patootie3529 Even if they feel gross, they're harmless and because of that, they're pretty darn cute.
Well everyone has an opinion
@@justatroll_8664 personally having it inside you would be fum...
@@huongnguyenjss
wrong opinion*
Deadpool as a worm
I thought that too!
Except he doesn't multiply haha
so do we just give someone the powers of that
Tomie as a worm
I thought that early
I loved how you used the beeping noise from the iron giant when he gets hit by the train, it made me happy 😆
No, it was the sound from the iron giant, I’d don’t mean the actual train.
They're so smol yet so amazing!
Imma name one of these, “Ditto.” He’ll be the best.
I take the shiny one. Or the most akward one, is fine too
I'll have the smallest one thank you very much.
Oh, yeah. My youngest brother name 😂
tomorrow he'll be the second best too
He can smash any creature alive....
Planarian's reason for developing this ability
-Mom? I don't have friends at school:(
-Huhh.. hold on let me get a knife.
Hope that it die
Well that escalated quickly
that's cruel
For a second I thought this was a horrible joke about self harm but then I realized it is a joke on creating a whole new person and that is hilarious, wholesome and a lot better than originally anticipated.
@@SomeoneYouDontKnowOfficial, Do I know you?
2:36 hey guys remember when we were one thing and now we're four?
Oml that cut to the head was so satisfying, especially the sound
True
To show you the power of stem cells
I SAWED THIS WORM IN HALF
No, FLEX CELLS
WOW! THAT'S A LOT OF DAMAGE!!!
Kevin Liu 28 stab wounds
*I'll TAKE YOUR ENTIRE STOCK*
plus, they even work U N D E R W A T E R !
Me: im bored
*cuts off my own hand and waits overnight*
Other me: hey
Me: hey
Love your comment lol
Sound like patrick star
BUT THAT IS REALLY FUNNY THO
Give em a high five
It takes 3 weeks, not a single night.
Other you“Heeyy”
You “heeyy”
Also you “what?”
I remember learning about these guys in my biology class, they're really interesting little things.
Me looking very close: aaaa so cute~
Me looks away: **intense screaming**
Planarian: - gets chopped up -
3 weeks later
Planarian #1: Ayyy my bruddas!
All other Planarians: Ayyyy!
that could be in a pixar movie
😂 I can imagine that
How to give birth as a Planarian:
1. Cut off your legs or arms
2. Wait
3. Bruddas!
To be honest they kinda look cute
I agree
Thank you guys so much this is my first time getting likes on my comments
Indeed, all chopped and that
Yeah, theyre cute
Well honestly inside the microscope they yeah..Cute but with your eyes they are worm...Get it?
great work . thank you all very much
I woke up feeling bad enough, but I wasn't expecting that I'd be envying flatworms.
Thanks, video.
So Wolverine and Deadpool are just fancy anthropomorphic planarians then
Greg Shovlin Dragonball's Cell/ Shell too
@@tasosjw *Cell
What do you even call a furry that's a planarian? A wormie? Plarry?
You know they can divide because they dont have a brain and they have stem cells
Plamerien: Dies
God: Wait, that's illegal
Kids on youtube be like
@@anormalfangirl7408 bruh haha
Uuummm? Hydra in a nutshell. Cut off one head two more bodies appear. Cut off four bodies... eight more appear?!
Uwot
Just imagine being a Plamerien wanting to die but you cant
It was just amazing i have not visited any you tube channel which is this much awesome . You all guys are just amazing....
2:06 just looks amazing
NOT THE POOPING THE FACE ITS MAKING
Thanos: *Goes for the head*
Flatworm: I'm about to end this purple big-chin's whole career
Thanos: (disintegrates the flatworms)
Flatworm dust: (grows into a bunch of flatworms)
Thanos: *disintegrates the flat worms again*
Flatworm dust: *regenerates x2*
@@Project_VideoGame Thanos back then: Its resources are finite.
Thanos now: *Impossible*
@@fallenbrocolli5143 Let's make a farm of flatworms and use them as resources.
Thanos: knife stone.
Flatworm: I'm ok
Thanos: snap.
Flatworm with an S: I'm ok
Thanos: anime stone. JJBA ORA ORA ONE PUNCH MAN SERIOUS PUNCH FAIRY TAIL FIRE DRAGON ROAR DRAGON BALL Z KAMEHAMEHA
that’s one way to make a friend. not an imaginary one.
Army
THIS IS SO AWESOMEEEE!
Person: I like ya cut G
Planarian: *screams in ultrasound*
_Mum I have a gf._
_Son, that's a part of me._
*_O H.._*
*O H*
Well this just got awkward
*BIG OoF*
slozor hmmm milfs!
O.o
Alabama palerian: Sure is boring around here Being an only child.
*Gets cut in half*
Alabama palerian: Heyyyy there sexy
Sweet home...
ALABAMA
What’s this palerian you speak of? You must be from Alabama 🥴🥴🥴 they’re called planarians
Planarian
This is official one of my favorite animols.
3:34 Actually, even THIS is amazing: regrowing a human fingertip.
Science has found how it can be done in humans. Watch Michael Levin on TEd for how science has figure out how to regrow just about any body part on any organism
Me: I want a brother
Mom: *cuts of finger*
The problem is your new little brother is litteraly a little brother
AlphaAmoeba 😂
If someone ruins AlphaAmoeba's joke by correcting him ima kill that person
@@alphaamoeba What.
I dont even remember what the joke was, maybe it meant the little brother was literally tiny?
0:46 congrats! You got a shiny planarian!!!!(literally)
lol I mean u aren't wrong
I think I just found one of my new favorite animals. I love these guys already!
Amazing! Jaw dropping
"it started regrowing a tube called the pharynx, which is how things go in and out "
lenny
( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)
Eat and poop at the same hole
*( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)*
it's one thing to learn about this in a text book
seeing it is something else
that finger part was brutal. it was gory, but very interesting, the fact that if sufficient nail is still there finger tips can regrow
Planarian: tis but a scratch
Me: your whole body's off
Planarian: I've had worse
my nan
I enjoy this Monty python reference
yesss
is that you, Ditto ?
Dude you just remind me of my childhood.
This is awesome!
im so glad i found this to use as a literal example in my 7th grade science class yay
They are so cute, like a mini sluggy. 😄
Yes
These are found in my bathroom
Oo Necro posting
Oh there so cute. Huney they nassssstyyyyyy.
I agree
@@huhwhatsweezer you agree with me?
Planarian: bruh i need a gf
Scientist: *cuts it in half*
Planarian: a scientist is a planarian's best friend.
If u think about it, thats basically adam and eve.
Wait thats means....
Lizzardmen is right and flatearth false cuz lizzardmens life in/under earth... omg where is my Dr.title
Dude this vid was awesome ngl
Imagine trying to kill them. *_They do be indestructible_*
But like they’re cute af-
And the flatworm says " just because I can regrow Parts doesn't mean that blade doesn't hurt!"
David Prodigy It’s likely they numbed it first. We did a similar experiment in high school with hydras and we numbed the slide first.
Not all animals experience pain, you need something to send chemical signals and a whole system to identify and respond to it as pain as you know it. These worms don’t respond to cuts, they know they were cut and their body reacts to it with healing processes, but there’s no pain. Same goes for many other living beings such as microorganisms, fungus, jellyfishes, plants and so on. Pain is not an universal thing.
Why would a creature that isn’t harmed by being cut evolve the ability to feel pain?
@@deboratasso8399 I really hope that's true with the little guy here. I'm just picturing his little mouth trying to open and say how that hurt!
@@theredeft5319 there's absolutely no way they know I'm that guy. they would just be taking a wild guess on what his drug tolerances are.
It's going to be okay.
Seriously.
I promise.
It doesn't even hurt.
Well that definitely one of the most reassuring words I've heard-
Agent Planarismith : "me, me, me..."
Agent Smithanarian : "me too..."
This is satisfying when they cut this
I can finally have a brother......
Rusyaidi Romzie you don’t wanna brother😂
A twin!
You are not a Planaria!
I think the 4 Planarian that were cut came here to dislike the video!
Hcildwold And liking your comment.
A few got cut now there’s 7
It still says 4 for me, I guess they changed their mind..
Fer real, we're at 12 planaria. Is this where internet trolls come from?
They got cut again.
It looks so cute 😭❤️
Omg they are cute. Look at their eyes! 🥺 I want one lol.
I wished I could generate a sibling like that so I'm not lonely from being an only child
Wow they're so cute.Especially their eyes.
• •
• •
. .
𓁹 𓁹
@@MovedchanneIs aaa-
I promise
**Slashes**
*i t d o e s n 't e v e n h u r t*
**CUT**
tis but a scratch !
*body parts wiggling away
Where did Justin Y. Go, Justin R.?
Go to any other video and he will be there
the missing finger tip really took me to another dimension
Flatworms bring me so MUCH JOY JUST LOOK AT THEM THEY ARE VIBING
If humans could do this the French Revolution would end up doubling the population of France!
Only if the entire population of France was guillotined.
And what about the holocaust
Regenerating the brain after having it chopped off would have some complications for humans, since even if you'd regenerate an adult brain, you'd not have any of your memories and knowledge. You'd basically become an adult baby.
Mr Shambleface iI'm
@@emilemil1 Being adult baby is better than being dead!
Don't worry. It's going to be okay.
CUT
Seriously.
CUT
I promise.
CUT
It doesn't even hurt.
Meanwhile...
Me: Mom, it actually hurts.
I’m screaming!!!!!!😱😱😱
This is my exspretion 😱😱😱
Fun fact: Very young babies used to be operated on without anesthetics or pain killers because it was "believed" their nervous systems weren't developed enough to feel pain.
Then surgeons found out differently.
Horror.
A fact without numbers is just an opinion.
@@veramae4098 ok
It hurts me and everyone seeing that
This channel is my whole nature science class in one
Love u Lauren❤ I love your voice😍
0:41 huh what's th- OMG WHAT ARE YOU DOING
I thought they just reattach but no.
You're not alone
Excellent video..
i think the music makes you enjoy how they look much better
So that's how slither.io been created!
Good Joke
We were about to do this in my one of my science classes so this is reassuring, especially if the "doesn't even hurt" part is true.
It's fascinating how they pull themselves apart in order to reproduce so it's just like we are helping them speed up the process.
Shut up nerd
Oooohhhohohohoooo
If i get one of these worm
Im gonna torture the shat out of them
Due to fact that they don't mind at all
I will get one, chop it into multiple pieces, and BOOM! Planarian army.
Pet store owner: are ya sure you wanna buy this beast?
Me: y. E. S
Lol
Beautiful
Hopefully it doesn’t cause chaos like if a person lost a limb. Who knows if it regenerates into a clone of the same person...
Friend:"AGGHHH A SLUG"
Me:"I'LL GET THE KNIFE"
Friend:"Okay!"
Me:*starts cutting it*
friend:"YES! ITS DEAD
*_flashback_*
*watching this*
Me:"oh wai-"
*insert sarcastic laugh here*
Also, you don't need quotation marks after using :
@@patootie3529 *_yes you can_*
@@deadacc3881 u can, but it's wrong. U don't need em
Rich Patootie no offense but this isn’t really a test or anything so it doesn’t matter. It’s okay to point it out. No offense
Why would you kill a slug?
Flatworm:How dare you cut my body, it took so long to make it
When you say this is the only thing i don't like to hear that line, when everyday there is something new discovery it's better to say so far we know
They’re kinda derpy lookin... I love it
This is probably the first time ever in my life that I see a planarian worm from an angle that is not top-down view.
Wait so you can just cut these up and when they grow back cut those up and have infinite planarians
Yeah most creatures just keep reproducing to no end. That's why we have lasted millions of years
That's just another way of reproducing and it's not any faster than other bugs laying eggs and then taking like 3 weeks to hatch.
so we can put mini blades and chop 1 worm to 20?
No.
Slurrying it leads to it's death.
Thank you very much, this video make me understand my subject
Now you have infinite glitch of worms