Thank you very much indeed. I have tried many video presentations all with no exception are too long, too detailed and so confusing. Yours are pleasant, full of good humor and give a sound background for further deepening in one subject or another. These beautiful video are no less than true masterpiece!
یەکێک لە هەرە باشترین ڤیدیۆ ڕونکراوەکانی بایۆلۆجی بەڕاستی لە وانە وتنەوەکەت تێئەگەم one of the best explanation vedios of biology i really get understood of your lecturing
They do have a website and they are in order. www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/human-anatomy-and-physiology/introduction-to-immunology/v/professional-antigen-presenting-cells-apc-and-mhc-ii-complexes
i feel so lucky to find this video ! who would have known! a video shared 9 years ago would save immunology grades of a dental student >.< ahaha thank you so much sir.
"Hey, you're a bacteria, I don't know what kind you are, I'm just gonna eat you up, you look shady, I don't know what type you are or if I've seen you before."
@pyromanizak The short answer is yes. Each B cell gets a unique antibody during it's growth, but you have so many B cells that eventually the viruses run into one with antibodies that work. That B cell begins dividing, but its daughter cells have a high rate of mutation for the antibody tips. Since they're all in competition with each other for antigen, the ones that bind better keep reproducing, and the ones that bind worse die. So eventually you get a very good antibody for the antigen.
I know, I was like, man I wish he did other stuff (that I learn for my major) besides chemistry. Then I saw this, and I was like, goodie!, I'm taking immunology right now.
Sal, don't you think it's kind of important to go into a little bit of how the macrophage knows the item it "eats" is unwanted? Maybe a macrophage bumps into a red blood cell. How does it know not to "eat" it?
So basically both phagocytes (macrophages, etc) and most of the B-cells don't know whether the antigen is the enemy - they just combine, cut up and present the antigen, with the difference between them being that phagocytes can engulf any cells while B-cells can only engulf one specific type of cell? And then that's where the T-cells come in, so that they can recognize and then stimulate? I'm sorry, Biology's not really my forte, so I'd be grateful if anyone can clarify on this :)
james fancourt No, a B-cell is not a phagocyte even if it engulfs the antigen and presents it. The habit of presenting the antigen is just something that the two of them have in common. Their reactions are different: phagocytes will do the 'destroying' of the foreign pathogens, while B-cells will develop and produce a lot of antibodies which will guide the phagocytes and let them know which cell is the enemy, so that the phagocytes can engulf them. The part where they present the antigen is only a common thing, and that is basically to stimulate the T-cells. (T-cells, as the guy in the video said, will decide whether it's dangerous or not, and will then 'sound the alarm'. It is, basically, the immune system's alarm) :)
theWellSeasonedWoman T cells can present, when activated, antigens on their cell surface (has been shown in literature). These T cells however are not as able to stimulate other T cells and to process antigens in the efficient manner as the 'professional' APCs can and do. This is also the case for for example fibroblasts and endocytes. When these types of cell gets activated by cytokines (mainly IFNg), they acquire the ability to present ligands.
@akored23 The antigen-immunoglobulin complex has to be endocytosed first then presented along with the MHCII complex has to happen first so that the T-helper cells with the same immunogenic specificity are able to bind with the said B-cells, which results in B-cells' activation, then monoclonal proliferation with some turning into Plasma cells, while others into Memory cells,.
What I don’t like about khanacademy videos is that they simplify the concept way too much that it gets confusing. I’d really appreciate it if they used more scientific words or would not talk too much around the topic.
+Rachel J macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells (all phagocytes) perform phagocytosis, B cells are immune cells that pretty much identifies them for the phagocytes to engulf!
are these DNA shufflings random? Meaning if a few people happened to have a immunity to a new virus it is a stroke of luck that their b-cells happened to have made the correct antibody?
You know what's funny. I am 10 years old and i am watching this while most of ya'll are watching this for their medical things and all y'all are mature adults.
I can honestly say, You are the reason why I got into pharmacy school. Thanks! Now you are getting me through my first year!
are you a pharmacist now?!?
I love Khan Academy! It's taken me through two semesters of A&P I and II and Microbiology as well as Chemistry!
Absolutely outstanding. This should be a must for every medical student, resident, fellow and faculty.
Thank you very much indeed. I have tried many video presentations all with no exception are too long, too detailed and so confusing. Yours are pleasant, full of good humor and give a sound background for further deepening in one subject or another. These beautiful video are no less than true masterpiece!
یەکێک لە هەرە باشترین ڤیدیۆ ڕونکراوەکانی بایۆلۆجی
بەڕاستی لە وانە وتنەوەکەت تێئەگەم
one of the best explanation vedios of biology
i really get understood of your lecturing
it is been 7 years i'm watching your videos and now i'm in Pharmacy school and still watching your videos . thank you so much you help me a lot.
thank you soooooooooo much.. am a medical student 3rd year now.. u saved my day
Story of my life
After watching your video you made the reading in my text more clear. Thank you.
Dude.. You just taught me a whole semester in One day.. Much obliged
i wish all the videos were numbered its so annoying when i miss a part .
They do have a website and they are in order.
www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/human-anatomy-and-physiology/introduction-to-immunology/v/professional-antigen-presenting-cells-apc-and-mhc-ii-complexes
Jason Newport hey tankx a lot ;)
its million times easier now
Your biology videos make me understand much more than my textbook. Thank you.
Khan academy's lessons R perfect for students all ages
i feel so lucky to find this video ! who would have known! a video shared 9 years ago would save immunology grades of a dental student >.< ahaha thank you so much sir.
My exam is tomorrow, and thanks to this video I finally fucking understand MHCs. Why couldn't I have discovered this channel sooner?!
Sal you're the greatest, you know this already. Your videos got me thru chemistry, A&P, and microbiology. (:
always saves me. Thanx for this wonderful tutorial.
Beautiful clear explanation. Will use the info I get from this for our group PBL tomorrow.
Downloading Knowledge - download complete. Thanks for these videos, makes everything a lot more clearer than any book could try to do! :)
Sal slays me. "Professional, so this is what they do for a living!" lol
thank you so much for your help. my teacher could not get through to me...why? thick accent...yours: perfect!
thanks for helping me study for neuro/chem/immunology
awesome video, clears up pretty much all my questions, now on to the next video
thanks, good reference brush-up in time of need.
You need to keep doing more videos please! you're awesome !!!
I am in nursing school. God Bless you for these videos. My book is like foreign language. Finals in 2 days.
Thank you so much ✨
Up to 4:15, it's review from previous video the nonspecific response.
Up to 7:35 it's a review from the B cell video
Watch up to 0:05 review of B cell, but more importantly compare the similarity of B cell and MHCs (they both present pathogen's on the membrane)
Wonderful explanation. Thank you.
"Hey, you're a bacteria, I don't know what kind you are, I'm just gonna eat you up, you look shady, I don't know what type you are or if I've seen you before."
thank you so much !!! you made me more understand about MHCs. i will watch others video of yours. :)
@pyromanizak The short answer is yes. Each B cell gets a unique antibody during it's growth, but you have so many B cells that eventually the viruses run into one with antibodies that work. That B cell begins dividing, but its daughter cells have a high rate of mutation for the antibody tips. Since they're all in competition with each other for antigen, the ones that bind better keep reproducing, and the ones that bind worse die. So eventually you get a very good antibody for the antigen.
Amazing video. Having 0 Dislike is a testament to your video
This is so much more exciting and entertaining than my AP Bio class... thanks, its good review!
You are brilliant. Thankyou for helpin us
Thank you so much for all of your videos. The illustrations really help!
I know, I was like, man I wish he did other stuff (that I learn for my major) besides chemistry. Then I saw this, and I was like, goodie!, I'm taking immunology right now.
you are amazing! thanks for the great, fun and easy to understand explanation
very nice, thanks so much
u r the reason why i'll be meeting the president for getting the highest marks in my Baccalaureat exam:)
Macrophages have invariable receptors and cannot recognize all pathogens, they can only recognize a small subset of similar pathogens.
Thanks again. U r awesome. God bless U!
Nice Video That You Share , So Very Nice Thanks You How professional antigen presenting cells present parts of engulfed pathogens on MHC II complexes
Why is it in slow motion?..please fix it..it really helps me a lot
Sal, don't you think it's kind of important to go into a little bit of how the macrophage knows the item it "eats" is unwanted? Maybe a macrophage bumps into a red blood cell. How does it know not to "eat" it?
I love this stuff! And YOU, my intelligent one, are AMAZING. Thanks for all your hard work and please continue.
Very very helpful!!!!
Yay for APC's!
can you teach my teacher for immunobiology how to explain so good these stuff??
thank you so much great help!
So, soooo good. Thanks for helping my fellow slacker medics and I.
BRILLIANT ! thank you
So basically both phagocytes (macrophages, etc) and most of the B-cells don't know whether the antigen is the enemy - they just combine, cut up and present the antigen, with the difference between them being that phagocytes can engulf any cells while B-cells can only engulf one specific type of cell? And then that's where the T-cells come in, so that they can recognize and then stimulate? I'm sorry, Biology's not really my forte, so I'd be grateful if anyone can clarify on this :)
Does this mean a Bcell is phagocyte if it actually engulfs the antigen and presents it on its surface?
james fancourt No, a B-cell is not a phagocyte even if it engulfs the antigen and presents it. The habit of presenting the antigen is just something that the two of them have in common. Their reactions are different: phagocytes will do the 'destroying' of the foreign pathogens, while B-cells will develop and produce a lot of antibodies which will guide the phagocytes and let them know which cell is the enemy, so that the phagocytes can engulf them. The part where they present the antigen is only a common thing, and that is basically to stimulate the T-cells. (T-cells, as the guy in the video said, will decide whether it's dangerous or not, and will then 'sound the alarm'. It is, basically, the immune system's alarm) :)
constellations of books wow thanks a lot! Really helped
james fancourt oh hey, thats awesome, you're welcome :D
thank you
really clear indeed! u are my idol!
Thank you for this video! It's beneficial!
thank you so much for your videos. They have been a god-send
Very clear
Thank you for posting this video.. Excellent
Hi! Could u do a video on priming of T and B cells, or cross-presentation by Dendritic cells?
Thank u khan academy
Thank you so much!
You look shady :,D gets me everytime
Thank you thank you so much sir .. you are the BEST
are there amateur antigen presenting cells? sorry, couldn't resist...
theWellSeasonedWoman T cells can present, when activated, antigens on their cell surface (has been shown in literature). These T cells however are not as able to stimulate other T cells and to process antigens in the efficient manner as the 'professional' APCs can and do. This is also the case for for example fibroblasts and endocytes. When these types of cell gets activated by cytokines (mainly IFNg), they acquire the ability to present ligands.
CubicRegje you may be accurate, but no fun at all!
Thank youuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu..You're just fascinating
best explanation!!!!!
Hey it's actually "TI", major histocompatibility complexes!!!
So Dendritics, macrophages ect. are like the Dexter of the cell world
I understood that reference :3
Still here in 2022 🙏🏻🙏🏻❤
Thanks alot, it is really helpful^^
Im a little confused as to what happens after the macrophage presents the polypeptide on the MHC II complex. Who is it presenting it to?
Thanku sir. U r great
OMG....you are the GOD man !
Wow 8 years ago
@akored23 The antigen-immunoglobulin complex has to be endocytosed first then presented along with the MHCII complex has to happen first so that the T-helper cells with the same immunogenic specificity are able to bind with the said B-cells, which results in B-cells' activation, then monoclonal proliferation with some turning into Plasma cells, while others into Memory cells,.
What I don’t like about khanacademy videos is that they simplify the concept way too much that it gets confusing. I’d really appreciate it if they used more scientific words or would not talk too much around the topic.
Is dendritic and macrophages consider professional APC’s then??
wait, does b stand for bursa? lol... love your videos they are a lifesaver!
Thanks much more.
This is what they do for a living :D awesome man,,,..... i am still smiling :)
i was wondering what program was used in this explanation ?
thank u
is the adaptive immune system in human body only ??
or in mammals and animal kingdom as well ?
AWESOME!!
thank you!! NICE
You are amazing!
When APC presents antigen on MHC CLASS 2 then after production of antibodies what will happen with antigens on MHC?
your voice is like mr.bean in hindi series !
I thought it was only macrophages and neutrophils that were phagocytic. Does this mean that dendritic cells and B cells are phagocytic too? Thanks :)
+Rachel J macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells (all phagocytes) perform phagocytosis, B cells are immune cells that pretty much identifies them for the phagocytes to engulf!
@vrwhitlockable
the B cells were non specific.
Little bit of original pathogen on APC??
Does he explain NK cells in any of the videos?
Will the plasma and the memory cells have the MHC type 2 as well ?
Dhevannraj Ramalingam No. All nucleated cells and Platelets have MHC class 1.
Only APCs have MHC class 2
are these DNA shufflings random?
Meaning if a few people happened to have a immunity to a new virus it is a stroke of luck that their b-cells happened to have made the correct antibody?
so APC's and MHC II are both still apart of the innate nonspecific response?
yes
Ha! 293 likes and no dislikes. That's fantastic.
I LuuuV youuuu !!! thankssssssssssssss
You know what's funny. I am 10 years old and i am watching this while most of ya'll are watching this for their medical things and all y'all are mature adults.
You really can make this stop looking like chinese to me. I dont know how you can draw so well with your mouse. Thank you very much!
+rukado i think he uses a drawing pad
so wait, both the phagocytes and the B-cells are considered professional antigen presenting cells?
Yes. Also macrophages
But the macrophages are not "professional" they're only "antigen presenting cells", the description "professional" only applies to dendritic cells.
so not all B cells are APC right
I like your videos... ^^
you are life