A mental hook to try and help you remember the CD proteins: CD4 - "It's here 4 you" - Helper T Cell CD8 - "CD HATE", It HATES the infected cells and tries to kill them - Cytotoxic T Cell
cd8 cytotoxic t cells are called T-killer cells; another CD8 are the T-supressors(they suppress the B-cell proliferation) and the variation T-helpers that interact with the hemopoetic stem cells and control differentiation and proliferation are called T-amplificators
You helped me pass my math exams in highschool, and now you are helping me pass my histology exam in medical school....seriously, is there ANYTHING you don't know?
Discover A Simрlе Hоlistic System For Curing Candidа аnd Yeаst Infectiоns Оnce And For All using 100% Guaranteed All-Nаturаl Methооd.Cliсk Hеre -->twitter.com/fb5aab7a5f31d6097/status/784262969735516160 Review of B сells CD4 Т сеlls аnd CD8 ТТТТ сеlls NCLEХ RN Khan Асаdеmуууy
There are infact 3 types of T cells 1) Cytotoxic T cells CTL (CD8+) cells 2) T-helper cells (CD4+ Cells) and 3) T-regulatory cells also know as suppressor T cells or Treg (FOXP3+ CD25+). Treg cells are very important cells because they are required to suppress activation self-reactivity, and prevent autoimmunity.
in high school I saw khan, BA in chemistry I saw khan, Now, pharmacy school still seeing khan. Conclusion, you are like my longest lasting friend! Thanks man, for what you do for human beings.
Lol I'll never forget this because your wife put you in check, looks like you got yourself a great match, behind every great man is an great woman making sure he isn't screwing up his terminology 😂
im so glad your wife expressed how effector cells becomes plasma cells because my professor never used that term and i had wrote inside my notes that they were the same. thanks for sharing. you are a genius!!! i have so much studying to do, but i couldnt study unless i understood what was going on. You are so appreciated!
You are the single reason I got an A on my immune system unit test and as a result a 90.4 for the entire marking period. Thank you, Mr. Khan Academy man, thank you.
i love the way you say immune system. IMMUUuuuUUne system helpful video as always. 2nd year at medical studies , you're the best really , thanks a lot!
Just wanted to say that you make these very very well. As a student in an accelerated program and who is very visual, this kind of presentation was very effective. Thank you so much for letting everyone learn from you. After seeing this, I wonder how I got through my undergrad without teaching formats like this!
I'm taking pathophysiology right now for my undergraduate major and this video is so so so so helpful. THANK YOU SO FREAKING MUCH!!!!!!!! you explain everything incredibly well and make it very easy to understand!!!
Same here i was like please say plasma Cells I have exam on Immunity in 2 days and here started doubting my understanding of the whole thing thanks wife
Currently preparing for Immunology Viva Voce - This content is absolute fabulous & an insight to how simply processes and mechanisms can be explained when one has a clear understanding
The amount that I have used your videos the past couple years is unreal.. mostly physics and bio but you have actually saved my ass so many times and I thank you!! I recommend you to everyone
god bless you khana academy for never failing to prevent ME from failing my exams. your videos have been an invaluable educational resource in the last hours of studying. thank you thank you thank you.
Thanks! I don't know why but it seems way more efficient and it's easier to understand if I were to watch videos on RUclips compared to listening back to podcast provided by the university. This video helps me a lot in consolidating my understanding about immunology.
This guy is awesome with his videos :) love them!! Seriously it is this series of videos which actually make me not want to "shoot" myself every time I start studying biology!! Thanks Salman :)
Could you make a playlist in the order which these should be learned/taught? That would be SO helpful. Seeing how you uploaded them on the same days, it would be great to know in which order they should be viewed. Thanks!
What a great and informative tutorial. I am a vet school student and this is the perfect video to review for an immunology final! Thanks and keep up the great work. I love how you simplified this!
I wasn't sure if I was understanding the interactions of T and B cells until now, but now I know I was understanding it correctly! Thank you! You are a great instructor :)
WOOOOHOOO I i finally understand this topic! gosh i dreaded opening my book to read these mechanisms! i understand so much better now! hey you have prob heard this millions of times but THANKYOU! THANKYOU!!!!!! right im so going to get that A in class now!
Thanks for reminding me over and over again that I am paying thousands of dollars to learn these concepts at a higher learning institute... only to find myself looking for you on youtube for the same lessons because nobody teaches it better.
one small clarification. MHC 1 and MHII proteins do not connect with CD8 and CD4 proteins. They connect with CD8 and CD4 cells respectively but through the t cell receptor (TCR).
so helpful and clear, wish my professors could be as concise in their lectures. My notes this year are a bit of a shambles so this is probably going to save me in my exams
I remember I used to make up these rules of 8 to help memorise which T cells need which MHC. So CD4 binds MHC2 because 4*2=8, And CD8 binds MHC1 because 8*1=8.
Thank you, that was really helpful! I am taking Anatomy and Physiology online and have been struggling to understand the lymphatic system because it is kind of obscure without a visual, but your videos have really helped me along.
THANK YOU!!!!, I was having such a hard time understanding this, but after watching your videos I have the "WOOOW" moment. I feel so much better to face my final for micro !!!
Knowing very little of the immune system I decided to watch this as supplemental information for a study posted on a daily science web page and found this video a sweet spot of a hit ;)
we guys learn from this better than university cause we are here by choise and in uni we are kind of bound to. most you who are watching this have an exam tomorrow, you are giving your full attention here, but on the class day, well, i think you know how attentive you were on class day. Dont just blame the teachers.... on the note, i also have an exam :p
I just want to say thank you very much Khan Academy for your very informative videos. They have helped me so much with my immunology at A-Level Human Biology. Keep making these videos. You're excellent. 5 stars! *****
Also, when CD4 cells bind to B cells the activated complex releases interleukin which stimulates the production of clone cells (memory cells and plasma [produces antibodies]).
Why is this not being talked about more when it comes to covid? This video is from 11 years ago but is relevant to the conversation we are having today. I have antibodies but never had symptoms, I do not want or need the vaccine. I would gladly join a study on natural immunity vs. vaccines.
what a great video. help me clear for microbiology chapter 17 on adaptive immunity. Clear me on the T and B cell in depth. Now i cant do any wrong on my test after watching this video. thank you.
Thank you so much for this video. I am taking an anatomy course for summer 2 right now, and we cover so much in one day. These videos are so helpful. I wish I was related to you BONER!
First time visitor. Taking basic anatomy/physiology & medical terminology (for medical billing certificate). Came looking for help to understand basic blood types and related antigens/ antibodies. This is way more than what I need. What's best way to navigate a search here? Looking forward to returning often. Thank you very much.
This video halped a lot. Thank you! Here in Malaysia, we also use the term 'Plasma cell' instead of effector cells but 'plasma cells' are normally referred to the Effector B cells. For Tcells we called its activated form as effector T cells.
I'm just wondering why there's 4 people who dislike this video? i mean seriously what the hell did he do to make you dislike it! but other than that, i want to say thank you! seriously you make everything so much easier to understand! so easy, that i can actually enjoy LEARNING! =P
One note - the CD4 molecule AND the T-Cell receptor both bind to the MHC II complex, just at two different sites. Same with CD8, it's TCR and MHC I. That seems to have gotten lost in discussion. Great vid.
Great lecture, really helped me to remember the stuff I learned in school. Just wondering, but didn't you forget to mention the Treg-cells (suppressor T-cells)? Don't get me wrong, just had something in mind about them.
Oh my, GOODNESS! THANK YOU! *subcribes* you make it so easy to understand. .. to think that I've been struggling for so long just to understand this. I'm studying Immunology. :)
Thank you..thank you..thank you SOOO MUCH!!I'm a med-student in my 4rth year..I read somewhere in pathology that B cells produce antibodies..so when my microbiology teacher asked which cells produce antibodies and I replied B cells he just disagreed soooo strongly and said plasma cells is the answer..which I also knew but why not B cells which I read in pathology?!..I didn't get where I was wrong..but your vedio explained that effector B cells and plasma cells are same..That answers all my questions..Thank you so much to you and to your wife for mentioning that out😊..It was bugging me like hell😪
A mental hook to try and help you remember the CD proteins:
CD4 - "It's here 4 you" - Helper T Cell
CD8 - "CD HATE", It HATES the infected cells and tries to kill them - Cytotoxic T Cell
You Sir, are a legend!
Abominatrix650 very nice
cd8 cytotoxic t cells are called T-killer cells; another CD8 are the T-supressors(they suppress the B-cell proliferation) and the variation T-helpers that interact with the hemopoetic stem cells and control differentiation and proliferation are called T-amplificators
proliferation of B-cells to be specific
I love you
You helped me pass my math exams in highschool, and now you are helping me pass my histology exam in medical school....seriously, is there ANYTHING you don't know?
what do u do?now
@@DrHazi are you a medical doctor?
I learn more from these videos than my university classes….
+Xao Vang exactly....!!!
Discover A Simрlе Hоlistic System For Curing Candidа аnd Yeаst Infectiоns Оnce And For All using 100% Guaranteed All-Nаturаl Methооd.Cliсk Hеre -->twitter.com/fb5aab7a5f31d6097/status/784262969735516160 Review of B сells CD4 Т сеlls аnd CD8 ТТТТ сеlls NCLEХ RN Khan Асаdеmуууy
¡Im Mexican and I find this offensive lol!
Education is outdated needs to be revised and optimized.
No kidding.
There are infact 3 types of T cells 1) Cytotoxic T cells CTL (CD8+) cells 2) T-helper cells (CD4+ Cells) and 3) T-regulatory cells also know as suppressor T cells or Treg (FOXP3+ CD25+). Treg cells are very important cells because they are required to suppress activation self-reactivity, and prevent autoimmunity.
nice clarification, my pathology book actually just lumps together suppressor/cytotoxic T cells
There are also NKT, γδ T cells and memory T cells.
Bodh A thanks
in high school I saw khan, BA in chemistry I saw khan, Now, pharmacy school still seeing khan. Conclusion, you are like my longest lasting friend! Thanks man, for what you do for human beings.
You seem really proud of your wife :)
I know i already said this but you rock. You saved my life on this test. Thanks dude
I used these to study for my MCAT and now I'm still referring to them to supplement my coursework for first year of med school. Great stuff!
Lol I'll never forget this because your wife put you in check, looks like you got yourself a great match, behind every great man is an great woman making sure he isn't screwing up his terminology 😂
im so glad your wife expressed how effector cells becomes plasma cells because my professor never used that term and i had wrote inside my notes that they were the same. thanks for sharing. you are a genius!!! i have so much studying to do, but i couldnt study unless i understood what was going on. You are so appreciated!
You are the single reason I got an A on my immune system unit test and as a result a 90.4 for the entire marking period. Thank you, Mr. Khan Academy man, thank you.
are you kidding? this guy nails it. I can finally understand this stuff
i love the way you say immune system. IMMUUuuuUUne system
helpful video as always. 2nd year at medical studies , you're the best really , thanks a lot!
Just wanted to say that you make these very very well. As a student in an accelerated program and who is very visual, this kind of presentation was very effective. Thank you so much for letting everyone learn from you. After seeing this, I wonder how I got through my undergrad without teaching formats like this!
I'm taking pathophysiology right now for my undergraduate major and this video is so so so so helpful. THANK YOU SO FREAKING MUCH!!!!!!!! you explain everything incredibly well and make it very easy to understand!!!
Been watching your videos since first year of nursing. Now I’m doing my post-graduate studies and still learning from your videos! Thank you !
I want to thank your hematologist wife for clarifying the term "plasma cells." I was so confused when you kept saying "effector B cells."
Same here i was like please say plasma Cells I have exam on Immunity in 2 days and here started doubting my understanding of the whole thing thanks wife
Currently preparing for Immunology Viva Voce - This content is absolute fabulous & an insight to how simply processes and mechanisms can be explained when one has a clear understanding
That's amazing video from the teaching point of view and yes, it is so engaging that you can never get bored viewing it over and over! Thank you.
His voice is so familiar, so soothing, so comforting. I love it.
I learned more from these videos than I did from sitting in class. Thank you!!!!!
The amount that I have used your videos the past couple years is unreal.. mostly physics and bio but you have actually saved my ass so many times and I thank you!!
I recommend you to everyone
god bless you khana academy for never failing to prevent ME from failing my exams. your videos have been an invaluable educational resource in the last hours of studying. thank you thank you thank you.
God bless you so much for this.. You just saved my midterm final exam!!!
I meant Midterm exam !! Thank you!!!
+Akinbunmi Damilola I can send you notes. I have a teacher who met Crick and one that knows many Nobel prize winners.
Guillem Estivill yes plz
He has clarity in his explanation. I find it easy to understand when he explains not others even though it may be from Khan Academy.
I'm from Morocco, I study immunology in french, I understood your explanation much better!! thank youuuu
Thanks! I don't know why but it seems way more efficient and it's easier to understand if I were to watch videos on RUclips compared to listening back to podcast provided by the university. This video helps me a lot in consolidating my understanding about immunology.
This is really helpful. not only did it make it easier to understand in a conceptual way, but also in a visual way. Thanks!
This guy is awesome with his videos :) love them!! Seriously it is this series of videos which actually make me not want to "shoot" myself every time I start studying biology!! Thanks Salman :)
Could you make a playlist in the order which these should be learned/taught? That would be SO helpful. Seeing how you uploaded them on the same days, it would be great to know in which order they should be viewed.
Thanks!
Thank you so much I have been fighting with Immunology for 2 days! This certainly cleared some stuff up.
People says they learn here lucidly than university, there should be a RUclips University.
too right!
made over 8 years ago and helped over 800,000 people pass quizes and exams for biology thank you
those vids still save life in 2019 ! Thanks
What a great and informative tutorial. I am a vet school student and this is the perfect video to review for an immunology final! Thanks and keep up the great work. I love how you simplified this!
I wasn't sure if I was understanding the interactions of T and B cells until now, but now I know I was understanding it correctly! Thank you! You are a great instructor :)
your saving my life right now!! thank you
Thank you so much I'm a medical student and this is a better explanation than in my histology book.. God bless you!
this is the best video i have ever watched and i emailed this link to all of my confused friends studying for pcat right now. ahhh wish me luck!!!!
I love how he called the cells people at 9:58, So awesome....
WOOOOHOOO I i finally understand this topic! gosh i dreaded opening my book to read these mechanisms! i understand so much better now! hey you have prob heard this millions of times but THANKYOU! THANKYOU!!!!!! right im so going to get that A in class now!
Thanks for reminding me over and over again that I am paying thousands of dollars to learn these concepts at a higher learning institute... only to find myself looking for you on youtube for the same lessons because nobody teaches it better.
The fact that you didn t change thr video when u mixed up your wife's work really shows a great relation 🌹
one small clarification. MHC 1 and MHII proteins do not connect with CD8 and CD4 proteins. They connect with CD8 and CD4 cells respectively but through the t cell receptor (TCR).
You are amazing! Thank you so much!! I learnt like 95% of my immunology from you, and 5% from my lectures.
totally making a lot more sense now... learning lots from this. PS-glad you listen to your wife and please post more on these topics. Sal rocks.
so helpful and clear, wish my professors could be as concise in their lectures. My notes this year are a bit of a shambles so this is probably going to save me in my exams
I wish my biology class would be this good. You make it so interesting and simple!! Thank you soo much for demystifying the immune system!
I remember I used to make up these rules of 8 to help memorise which T cells need which MHC. So CD4 binds MHC2 because 4*2=8, And CD8 binds MHC1 because 8*1=8.
Thank you, that was really helpful! I am taking Anatomy and Physiology online and have been struggling to understand the lymphatic system because it is kind of obscure without a visual, but your videos have really helped me along.
THANK YOU!!!!, I was having such a hard time understanding this, but after watching your videos I have the "WOOOW" moment. I feel so much better to face my final for micro !!!
Knowing very little of the immune system I decided to watch this as supplemental information for a study posted on a daily science web page and found this video a sweet spot of a hit ;)
Very helpful. The clear explanations you give are easy to understand.
You are the best ........ from SYRIA
انت الافضل............ من سوريا
Great video, its really helpful how you use all the different names of the cells to cater for the different curriculums around the world.
Pre-Pharmacy and taking Microbiology. This is very helpful 🙌🏾
we guys learn from this better than university cause we are here by choise and in uni we are kind of bound to. most you who are watching this have an exam tomorrow, you are giving your full attention here, but on the class day, well, i think you know how attentive you were on class day. Dont just blame the teachers....
on the note, i also have an exam :p
thanks so very much. this vid has made me feel so much better about immunology!
I just want to say thank you very much Khan Academy for your very informative videos. They have helped me so much with my immunology at A-Level Human Biology. Keep making these videos. You're excellent. 5 stars! *****
Also, when CD4 cells bind to B cells the activated complex releases interleukin which stimulates the production of clone cells (memory cells and plasma [produces antibodies]).
More specifically IL-4 & IL-5
You saved me in my immunology classes..thanx
Agreed...why aren't we paying this guy! He is awesome!
Why is this not being talked about more when it comes to covid? This video is from 11 years ago but is relevant to the conversation we are having today. I have antibodies but never had symptoms, I do not want or need the vaccine. I would gladly join a study on natural immunity vs. vaccines.
Microbiology and immunology exam tomorrow. Thank you my friend.
you're such a good teacher Sal!
what a great video. help me clear for microbiology chapter 17 on adaptive immunity. Clear me on the T and B cell in depth. Now i cant do any wrong on my test after watching this video. thank you.
excuse me can i ask you a question, so is the dendritic cell that he drew same as the b cell??? cz both antigen presenting cells
Without these videos on immunity, i could not have taught this topic
4 people waste their money for private tutors and not remembering the best mathematician who makes a good website! Thank You, Sal.
Thank you, i'm a med student and i found this very interesting !
Thank you so much for this video. I am taking an anatomy course for summer 2 right now, and we cover so much in one day. These videos are so helpful. I wish I was related to you BONER!
🎉you made this so clear and simple than I've ever known...🎉🎉bravo..keep it up
I’m Williams from UK 🇬🇧 After using the medication I got from Dr Alued on RUclips now I am completely cured from HIV I highly recommend him ❤
Thank You so much for making these videos. Im learning a lot so fast! God Bless you!!
I was wondering about the role of Plasma Cells. This clears up few things. Thank you Mrs. Khan :)
First time visitor. Taking basic anatomy/physiology & medical terminology (for medical billing certificate). Came looking for help to understand basic blood types and related antigens/ antibodies. This is way more than what I need. What's best way to navigate a search here? Looking forward to returning often. Thank you very much.
This video halped a lot. Thank you! Here in Malaysia, we also use the term 'Plasma cell' instead of effector cells but 'plasma cells' are normally referred to the Effector B cells. For Tcells we called its activated form as effector T cells.
thank you so much. This is amazing!! You've saved my life from the examination.
You do an amazing job explaining something that I thought was so complicated! Thank you so much for posting!! Very helpful!!!!
I'm just wondering why there's 4 people who dislike this video? i mean seriously what the hell did he do to make you dislike it! but other than that, i want to say thank you! seriously you make everything so much easier to understand! so easy, that i can actually enjoy LEARNING! =P
One note - the CD4 molecule AND the T-Cell receptor both bind to the MHC II complex, just at two different sites. Same with CD8, it's TCR and MHC I. That seems to have gotten lost in discussion.
Great vid.
Very helpful! The pictures/notes help me alot. Thanks so much! (final exam on monday)
pleas make more videos about immunology or even metabolism, just go on with what you're doing, its great!!
This was so helpful! Thanks!
THANK YOU SO MUCH! this really helped to clear up the information in my head
Helpful trick - The Rule of 8's
CD4's bind to MHC II's, so (CD)4 x (MHC)2 = 8
CD8's bind to MHC I's, so (CD)8 x (MHC)1 = 8
These videos are no less than amazing. I am serious!
This helped me a lot! Thank you so much...expecting much more from you...!
All the best👍🏻
SO GREAT!!! thanks so much! I understand so much better now!
You have earned yourself yet another Subscriber :D
Extraordinary!
Thank you!
OMG YOUR WIFE IS SOO COOL!!! i learned more about her than t cells!!
Great lecture, really helped me to remember the stuff I learned in school. Just wondering, but didn't you forget to mention the Treg-cells (suppressor T-cells)?
Don't get me wrong, just had something in mind about them.
Very appreciated. It always helps to tie in the concepts together.
Thank you so much, this was extremely helpful.
Thank you very much sir👍🏼, you explained it so clearly and made it simple 💯👍🏼
Oh my, GOODNESS! THANK YOU!
*subcribes* you make it so easy to understand. .. to think that I've been struggling for so long just to understand this.
I'm studying Immunology. :)
Thank you..thank you..thank you SOOO MUCH!!I'm a med-student in my 4rth year..I read somewhere in pathology that B cells produce antibodies..so when my microbiology teacher asked which cells produce antibodies and I replied B cells he just disagreed soooo strongly and said plasma cells is the answer..which I also knew but why not B cells which I read in pathology?!..I didn't get where I was wrong..but your vedio explained that effector B cells and plasma cells are same..That answers all my questions..Thank you so much to you and to your wife for mentioning that out😊..It was bugging me like hell😪
Thank you so much, yes you did clear it up. I understand now.
Thank you so much sir, you are going to help me pass my pathophysiology test :D yay!
TQVM. Very engaging lecture, also I have an immunology and cellular/molecular therapeutics exam this wednesday :P
love it! simply the best way to teach.