2017 Personality 16: Biology/Traits: Incentive Reward/Neuroticism

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  • Опубликовано: 21 ноя 2024

Комментарии • 641

  • @isambo400
    @isambo400 7 лет назад +1286

    These free lectures are better than all the lectures I paid 10 grand a year for combined

    • @EasierSaidwithDito
      @EasierSaidwithDito 6 лет назад +8

      Second Thoughts what if you didn’t previously agree with/now about the ideas? We’re not all psychology majors lmao

    • @wgwefofwefgwnsonwer1945
      @wgwefofwefgwnsonwer1945 6 лет назад +49

      JP would tell you that you might start by blaming yourself for that like Solzhenitzyn: Were the classes you took not interesting? If they were did the instructor dumb it down? What could you have done to make sure that despite the dumbed down classes you still learned?
      There's a lot of bullshit that I saw in college, but the people who were most proactive seemed to always get the most out of it. The more we take responsibility for the better we can do.

    • @SebasChanneru
      @SebasChanneru 5 лет назад +23

      @@wgwefofwefgwnsonwer1945 that's a weirdly good comment from a guy with a name like that

    • @saffigrey5887
      @saffigrey5887 5 лет назад +1

      I know right

    • @BlurryDays
      @BlurryDays 3 года назад +17

      It’s about 1000 times easier to learn when there’s no test at the end.

  • @joebanuelos5614
    @joebanuelos5614 7 лет назад +492

    Jordan Peterson has among the best comment sections in youtube.

    • @primusinterpares5767
      @primusinterpares5767 7 лет назад +17

      ModestDeity XD FUCKING SAVAGE

    • @bertlammens4392
      @bertlammens4392 7 лет назад +1

      Not if his videos are about nazi's. Then they get mad at him lol

    • @saniyauzumaki
      @saniyauzumaki 7 лет назад

      Nope

    • @michaelburton1970
      @michaelburton1970 7 лет назад +3

      Joe Banuelos completely agree! Never gets boring reading them

    • @MrGflan
      @MrGflan 4 года назад +2

      Joe Banuelos you gotta see Athlean X comments section. If you watch the channel regularly it’s hilarious

  • @Hexanitrobenzene
    @Hexanitrobenzene 3 года назад +189

    Pretty detailed outline of the lecture:
    1:58 Largest part of motivational system is in hypothalamus.
    3:40 Emotions track progress towards goals.
    3:54 Basic motivations.
    4:30 Mental equivalents of pain: grief, frustration, disappointment, loneliness.
    8:52 Book: Jaak Panksepp "Affective neuroscience".
    9:55 Rats can laugh :) Ultrasonically, though.
    10:20 Father's role in a socialization of children.
    13:55 Half of hypothalamus is devoted to exploration.
    17:38 Goals and consciousness.
    19:50 Parts of hypothalamus.
    20:40 Model of nervous system functional organisation.
    25:38 Somatomotor neuron pools.
    26:40 Locomotor pattern generator.
    27:24 Experiment with paraplegic people.
    28:01 Locomotor pattern controller.
    29:27 "Hypthalamic" animal is hyper-exploratory.
    32:07 Sensory systems have dual outputs.
    36:41 Integration of motor system and hypothalamus.
    37:32 Effect of trauma. Dangers of abstraction.
    40:50 Constraints on sensorimotor perception-action hierarchy.
    43:45 Basic emotions. Two kinds of positive emotions. Consummatory reward.
    46:20 Incentive reward.
    49:39 Negative emotions.
    51:15 Encountering novelty.
    54:10 Predicted/unpredicted outcome.
    55:45 Neuroticism roughly corresponds with the strength of negative emotion system.
    Same with extroversion and positive emotions.
    56:47 Learning theory. Rewards.
    57:04 Serotonin is a satiating neurochemical.
    57:37 Dopamin is an exploratory neurochemical.
    59:49 Extraversion and neuroticism are not mutually exclusive.
    1:01:00 Learning theory. Punishments.
    1:02:00 Negative emotions are dampened by serotonin and GABA.
    GABA is anxiolitic (anxiety reducing).
    1:02:45 Test for susceptibility to alcoholism.
    1:04:15 Women are higher in neuroticism in general.
    1:06:15 Hippocampus.
    1:07:44 Reticular activation circuit.
    1:09:21 How worried should you be when something you don't expect happens ?
    1:11:50 One of the reasons why people don't like their beliefs being challenged.

  • @yohami
    @yohami 7 лет назад +325

    It's amazing that this is ONE CLASS. What an education these guys are getting.

  • @Pentamicle
    @Pentamicle 7 лет назад +1250

    The more I watch these lectures, the more I understand how badly me and many people who I see around me were raised.

    • @Kenspiracy664
      @Kenspiracy664 7 лет назад +21

      I know right!

    • @napoleon_bonaparte2462
      @napoleon_bonaparte2462 7 лет назад +63

      More people need to hear it, and then maybe it will happen to less people.

    • @nothinglikeburntvag
      @nothinglikeburntvag 7 лет назад +63

      That actually resonates with me, and as my own child was due yesterday, I'm REALLY glad to have some of the heads up he provides in his lectures!

    • @landmatter
      @landmatter 7 лет назад +16

      Too fuckin' true, eh?

    • @zacharycieszinski5465
      @zacharycieszinski5465 7 лет назад +30

      same, i feel like i didn't learn anything of value about real life until i was 18

  • @tanyamalan6234
    @tanyamalan6234 2 года назад +14

    I am a woman in my 50's. I have always found the complexities and mechanics of our human brain fascinating whether it was at a conscious, subconscious, chemical, emotional, hormonal or involuntary level and how does this influence decision making & behavioural patterns. How much is based on instinctual wiring, environmental factors and learnt or taught behaviour..What makes us tick essentially. I find these lectures highly beneficial and eye opening to my curiosities on the subject. We are a truly a highly complex force of nature on all spheres. Which is something to marvel at. I have been searching for years to find a person who can really dig down into the mechanics of our grey matter and so eloquently and coherently lecture on the subject that makes me curious for more! I have always considered myself to think in black and white with no grey areas. Since a child, I have always had an inquiring mind, which sometimes drove my parents insane because for every question I'd ask, their answers (bless them) would never really satisfy me. My standard "but why" or "how is this possible" often got met with, " you'll understand when you're older". Which made me wish for coherant understanding, sooner rather than later! Dr Peterson's lectures have reignited my insatiable interest on this subject, and I am better for it. Thank you Dr Peterson.

  • @ayah8908
    @ayah8908 5 лет назад +49

    i love that i get to watch these lectures at 23 for free while i still have got time to plan my life i really feel lucky for that

    • @anthonyhughes8026
      @anthonyhughes8026 2 года назад +4

      That hurts me right in the 43 😢😂

    • @noellecuisine8912
      @noellecuisine8912 4 месяца назад

      ❤ am almost 😅 55 ….
      And Believe, Me, the Young Twenty some I was , was super Hungry For this kind of teaching and understanding….red CG Jung from my 16….it did help….looking at my shadow and the world….but boy I wish he was there to inspire me….

  • @JasonDearmin
    @JasonDearmin 7 лет назад +576

    The hypothalamus is absolutely NO JOKE

    • @JasonDearmin
      @JasonDearmin 7 лет назад +128

      USE YOUR BRAIN STEM TO RESCUE YOUR FATHER

    • @Tony855C
      @Tony855C 7 лет назад +56

      jugbuns Jordan, would you like to come eat dinner with the children?
      JBP: No, I'm watching Pinocchio again.

    • @JasonDearmin
      @JasonDearmin 7 лет назад +53

      Tony855C "Children quit whining and eat your snakes! You should be thankful. Snakes gave us vision!"

    • @Kshea44ify
      @Kshea44ify 7 лет назад +18

      If this were the Ukraine not one hundred years ago, I'd be eating you, bucko!

    • @jagpro91
      @jagpro91 7 лет назад +11

      Well, roughly speaking.

  • @Milestonemonger
    @Milestonemonger 6 лет назад +80

    I've always loved psychology, but JBP takes it to a whole new level.

  • @ulilulable
    @ulilulable 7 лет назад +138

    "I know that's a lot to take in, but... Well, it doesn't matter, that's how it is." Basically this course in a nutshell, then, learning how it actually is for once. 49:14

  • @zuzusuperfly8363
    @zuzusuperfly8363 7 лет назад +75

    Very interesting to hear that panic and escape are connected. A had a panic attack a couple of months ago for the first time, and most of the experience was tingling in my feet and the desire to stand up, go down stairs and pace back and forth. The desire to change location felt unstoppable.

    • @arrianne311
      @arrianne311 4 года назад +5

      Zuzu Superfly Yes I agree. It is very much a feeling of I can’t be still I have to get out of here and go somewhere, but I don’t know where.

    • @Xenophilius
      @Xenophilius 4 года назад +5

      I had an argument with my dad in high school that made me really emotional; I knocked over a decoration and ran out the sliding glass door and jumped over the short fence into the yard which connected all the townhouses. Then I just... walked for miles and miles. I just had to put distance between my dad and me. I got lost among the rich neighborhoods and golf courses that surrounded our house. Eventually I calmed down and made my way back and made up, but it was an interesting example of the flight instinct kicking in rather strongly.

    • @Xenophilius
      @Xenophilius 4 года назад +5

      Another time, I was working a grocery job stocking produce. It was 5am and I was alone on my shift and two pallets of freight came in that I had to unload and stock myself. The temperature outside was about 28 degrees Fahrenheit. I suddenly had a vivid, strong desire to move to Nevada. I'm not joking or exaggerating; I had a friend in Nevada and started making plans for moving to Nevada and seeing if I could stay with him while I got situated. I ended up texting my boss to say I quit, and getting into my car onto the on-ramp of the highway, planning to go home and pack my things and drive to Nevada. I didn't have a concrete reason to move to Nevada, I just felt that I had to put as much distance as possible between my employer and myself, and my friend was the first person to come to mind.
      I didn't end up moving to Nevada. I got home and talked to my mother and calmed down, although I still lost that job. It was an interesting moment in my life.

  • @jacobaguiar8018
    @jacobaguiar8018 7 лет назад +80

    I've sat in a lot of lectures. I've had a lot of great teachers and Prof. but I have never felt compelled to applaud a lecture. That is some next level shit. Dr. P drops atomic truth bombs.

    • @CurtHowland
      @CurtHowland 7 лет назад +5

      Jacob Aguiar No joke! I doubt many profs get applause! None of mine did, even if it was a great class.

    • @DiegoRodriguez-qu4mz
      @DiegoRodriguez-qu4mz 5 лет назад +2

      I love how you called him Dr.P

    • @mainemavin
      @mainemavin 4 года назад +3

      Says even more when the applause is when he steps to the lectern. I am grateful to have stumbled across Dr.P's lectures.

    • @nIrUbU01
      @nIrUbU01 3 года назад +4

      Here in germany it is common to "applaud" for the lecturer after every lecture. Maybe it is like that in canada too

    • @liahk1000
      @liahk1000 3 года назад

      Very rare instead!
      We applauded the professor Hans Rosling, when he did his gapminder lectures on the development of countries.
      Eveyone was like hyper focused every lecture with him.
      It's a true privilege to attend such lecture!
      And privilege to listen to these from home!

  • @obiwankenobi6871
    @obiwankenobi6871 5 лет назад +21

    Watching these and seeing other people’s reactions to this really makes me feel grateful for having an awesome family and supportive parents which others do not have

  • @cristobalmoncada4698
    @cristobalmoncada4698 3 года назад +10

    I love how this is a free "behind the making" of sorts of 12 Rules for Life.

  • @goju09alt9
    @goju09alt9 7 лет назад +246

    I never had a idol, someone who I look up to, to be like. This guy is first.
    I'm young tho.

    • @mariamadam-noor140
      @mariamadam-noor140 5 лет назад +5

      Goju09 alt he is really good

    • @pharmagator
      @pharmagator 5 лет назад +4

      You can do a lot worse

    • @KancerKowboy
      @KancerKowboy 5 лет назад +17

      I'm old and you picked a good one to look up to.

    • @latinaalma1947
      @latinaalma1947 4 года назад +4

      As a psychologist I can say you picked a good idol!

    • @latinaalma1947
      @latinaalma1947 4 года назад +1

      I havent head him say here or really in any of his lectures I have watched so far, that a person can be Introverted and Open....or be Introverted and Low in Neuroticism.....people usually assume that Introversion, Low openness, And high neuroticism all go hand in hand invariably, that is the general assumption in society ie are very STRONGLY correlated but that is not true, not STRONGLY...they certainly CAN occur clustered like that but they do not always!! Keep that in mind bec it matters when treating people clinically. SYbilFrancis PhD, ret psychologist

  • @MarthMain
    @MarthMain 4 года назад +7

    Yo this lecture was mind blowing. The way he articulates these ideas is such a treat to listen to. It’s honestly a joy.

  • @chriskii12344
    @chriskii12344 4 года назад +284

    Anyone doing this while on lockdown in 2020? Perfect time to do a university course! Stay safe everyone :)

    • @ChrisBarrLive
      @ChrisBarrLive 4 года назад +13

      Yes and we have the same name besides one letter, how bizarre! Wishing you well. :)

    • @theologynerd1689
      @theologynerd1689 4 года назад +7

      I'm in Georgia. Our lockdown is pretty much over. I'm listening to the lectures on personality to psych myself up to watch the lectures on the biblical series. I have studied the bible from a believing perspective. I have been a believer for years and have not watched the biblical series thinking it would be too cringy. But I'm sure it will be good.

    • @Saturn_Enslaved
      @Saturn_Enslaved 4 года назад +4

      @@theologynerd1689 I finished it last week, its absolutely incredible.

    • @uxyogi
      @uxyogi 4 года назад +1

      I did this whole course twice so good for me.... Also this particular lecture is quite informative especially if you love cognitive neuroscience and personality.

    • @andrasfazekas8147
      @andrasfazekas8147 4 года назад

      And now again repeat :D

  • @HanifCarroll
    @HanifCarroll 4 года назад +7

    I'm incredibly thankful that I watched this yesterday. At around the 45 minute mark, he explains consumatory reward and incentive reward. Focusing on the distinction between those two types of rewards was huge for me.
    I realized that, aside from a 30 day experimental period I've just finished going through, I had previously been abusing certain things that were high in consumatory reward and low in meaningful, incentive reward. Sugary and fast foods, masturbation, and even weed, even though I only ever smoked after I had finished all of my tasks for that day.
    I noticed that in the 30 day period without those things, I felt incredibly clear headed, motivated, focused, and confident. Goals made themselves clear to me, and I was determined to meet them. Waking up at 5 AM and being a sleep by 930 PM every day was no problem, and I woke up each morning looking forward to the opportunity to put in more work to reach my goals. This was in stark contrast to a rough couple of months that I had gone through just prior to this experiment, where I felt lost and without purpose.
    Then my 30 day challenge was up, and I decided to see how I would be affected by doing some of those things again. Immediate satiation. It was like being lulled into an overwhelming feeling of complacency. Not to mention how comparatively impulsive I was after smoking. The feelings of satiation and being content even carried over until the next morning, making it very hard to get out of bed or think about my daily to-do list.
    I wanted to post this as a way to say thank you to Dr. Peterson for all that he's done to allow me to personally get my life in order, and I hope this comment can also be helpful to someone else out there. I also want to be clear that I'm in no way saying that masturbation, weed, or any of those things will make you lazy or complacent. I'm just sharing some of the surprising things that I realized about myself; things that I wish I had realized sooner.

  • @fallensnipa
    @fallensnipa 3 года назад +16

    I find Prof Peterson's classes amazing! I always wanted to study psychology as Human behavior is fascinating to me but to start a 2nd career was too far-fetched. To listen to him so masterfully explain this topic is a real pleasure. Thanks for uploading this content!

  • @pranjalsisodia5003
    @pranjalsisodia5003 Год назад +4

    For my own reference-
    0:58 Learning Theory (Behaviorism).
    2:05 Goals tune/filter your perceptions according to the relevancy to the pursuit of the goal. Goals -> perceptions -> facts collected (only ones relevant to the goal)
    3:51 Basic motivations. (Sigmund Freud associated them with the "Id").
    4:56 Pain, Psychological pain, Loneliness.
    5:36 Chronic psychological pain (depression) often also generates physical pain.
    5:47 Loneliness as a psychological pain state, Opioids, Analgesics. 6:29
    6:45 Two types of aggression - defensive aggression (associated with Neuroticism) & predatory aggression.
    7:16 Predatory aggression circuit & Maternal solicitude (care) circuit evolved to be at the opposite ends of the same normal distribution. (Seems like an inference)
    14:28
    15:18
    20:30 *******
    23:25 Humans as not just good at thinking but also movement. Can perform body movements that no other animal can. (Computation capacity > any other hardware.)
    29:05 Episodic memory.
    29:29 29:47
    33:06
    36:21 ********
    37:53 Dangers/disadvantages of the ability to abstract. 40:05 Susceptibility of depressed people to over-generalize (especially negative things).
    40:20 The correct approach to diagnosing/solving a problem - (solve locally first) diagnose the problem locally first, then, if still persisting, more laterally & vertically up the tree of abstraction tree.
    43:44 Basic Emotions (& their Classification into Behavioural activation & Behavioural inhibition)
    43:50 Extraversion & Neuroticism. 55:40 Inclination towards the Positive-emotion system (extraversion) Vs towards the Negative-emotion system (neuroticism) 55:52 Units of positive emotion per unit of promise/hope contrasting with units of negative emotion per unit of threat.
    43:56 Two types of classifications of positive emotions - Satiation (successful full execution of a motivated frame, consummatory reward, unconditioned/unlearned reward) & Incentive (moving forward or the perception of progress).
    45:57 Satiation reward brings the motivated frame to an end.
    46:58 Have their roots in the Hypothalamus.
    47:27 Incentive (dopaminergic) rewards are more intense/powerful than satiation (serotonergic) rewards. (Atomic Habits book says the same thing.)
    47:54 Incentive & conditioned rewards are generally categorized into the same bucket but they are not always the same.
    48:48
    50:52 Disgust is not associated with Neuroticism. (But is with Conscientiousness)
    53:51
    56:44 Summary of positive rewards.
    57:02 Consummatory rewards decrease Neuroticism (Signals ascendancy in the dominance/competence hierarchy)*********** 1:02:00 1:02:04 Serotonergic keeps everything in balance. ********
    1:00:59 Summary of punishments.
    1:02:13 GABA - decreases anxiety. Alcohol (dampens anxiety. Also dopaminergic for some people.)
    1:04:19 The Neurotic difference b/w men & women is more enhanced in egalitarian countries (contrary to conventional thinking). 1:04:33 As you equalize the society in terms of gender, the personality difference b/w the two genders aggravates (not converge).
    1:05:23 Evolutionary hypothesis for the reason for a std deviation more neuroticism in women. (Inference, not a fact)
    1:07:12 The Hypocampus inhibits the negative emotion system (Amygdylla & Hypothalamus) if there's a match b/w expectation & desire (crudely expectation & outcome). Activates it otherwise. 1:09:09
    1:10:10 The reason for the existence of many different temperaments in a population.
    1:11:49 Don't refute other people's faith or beliefs unnecessarily. It punches a hole & sometimes even destroys their abstraction hierarchy. Many atheists are guilty of doing this.
    1:12:29 Summary of the lecture through the Medusa example.
    Words associated with satiation (serotonergic) rewards - peace, content, gratitude, tranquil. (Signals ascendancy in the dominance/competence hierarchy)
    Words associated with incentive (dopaminergic) rewards - happy, hope, curiosity, excitement, enthusiasm, novelty, assertiveness.
    The above notes imply that without a goal & its pursuit, there's no happiness.

  • @weeearthlings
    @weeearthlings 7 лет назад +48

    Really fascinating the idea of the ‘Cataclysmic overgeneralization' associated with depression. I’ve definitely observed, even experienced this. It seems this phenomenon makes sense as both symptom and cause of depression.
    Where by - A small mistake gets applied at the highest level of meaning...
    i did something a ‘good person’ wouldn’t do…therefore, i MUST be a horrible person.
    Although I’ve never been clinically depressed as such, I can see how, taken to an extreme this way of thinking can emotionally dismember a persons life.
    "i did something a loving person wouldn’t do… therefore i am unworthy of love."
    'i did something a person in love wouldn’t do… therefore, i am not in love.'
    'i did something a ‘good person’ wouldn’t do… therefore i deserve to die.'
    Depressed people can be hyper sensitive to perceived criticism - which is I suppose an extension of this over generalization onto ‘the other’.
    Where a small comment / gesture / behavior’ is construed to mean they don’t love me.
    is there scope for (or an existent) whole video on this phenomena and how to help point out or counter, when a person is doing this behavior?

    • @samwallaceart288
      @samwallaceart288 4 года назад +3

      I’ve had cycles of thought like that. It’s like a battle in your head where half of you wants to die and the other half is fed up with the formers’ inability to keep it together. “Keep it together or I will fucking kill you,” is a stressful thing to unironically say to yourself, which i have. No ideavhow normal it is, but it’s not healthy. It’s like an engine that’s shifted between gears but it’s jammed; so on the outside nothing is moving, but on the inside, everything is grinding into each other at once destroying itself, and the engine is melting itself into a mess of hot metal, and the only way anyone even notices that something’s wrong is because the engine isn’t doing its job and is making a dying noise. That’s what I felt; it’s either depression or chronic anxiety, perhaps both. The way I can slowly walk myself out of it is to remember, “you’re not dying; your gears are just jammed right now”. And so you slow down, disengage the jammed gear, clean it off, and put it back in the right spot, and restart the engine at a nice low speed keeping an eye on it, adjusting it where it diverges so that it can go longer before needing another repair. Don’t think like a tight-rope where one wrong step is death; think like an engineer who’s willing to use some gum and duct tape to get the engine good enough. Then from there once you get some momentum, your mind has a way of healing yourself with only moderate adjustments here and there.

    • @nanceokech1911
      @nanceokech1911 2 года назад +2

      I thought I'd I'd get the answer to your qn at the end of your comment, but, I guess I'll also just camp here in waiting.

  • @cristinalacoste2062
    @cristinalacoste2062 6 лет назад +7

    I love this man. I've had a limited education so watching Dr. Peterson's lectures and talks has given me a gift of incalculable value. I am grateful for, and awed by, his efforts in our behalf.

    • @mainemavin
      @mainemavin 4 года назад +1

      I feel the same. Very grateful.

  • @joetheperformer
    @joetheperformer 4 года назад +6

    Watching these lectures give me positive dopaminergic reward.

  • @Bamskki
    @Bamskki 6 лет назад +39

    I can't believe I'm able to receive this much value for free. Thank you Jordan

  • @TheFusedplug
    @TheFusedplug 5 лет назад +4

    Dr Peterson has already helped me in invaluable ways he can regard me as a 46 year old student the only thing is I've watched big chunks of different videos in no particular order I just need to make my learning experience a more organised one other than that I don't worry because I'm having the time of my life learning all this factual magic

  • @GregoryTheNew
    @GregoryTheNew 3 года назад +11

    Both public and private school systems failed me. I never thought I'd be watching, for leisure, a lecture on the incentive reward system in human beings in anything beyond a 10th-grade level. Wild stuff.

  • @grantforrest5282
    @grantforrest5282 6 месяцев назад +1

    -Motivational states are not just behavioral and do not just impact the voluntary but also change physiology and perception. Imagine being really hungry and perceiving everything as food or setting a risky goal and feeling nervous about it. A motivational state is an all encompassing psychophysiological phenomena, not like just behaviour as early behaviourists thought.
    -Emotions track progress of goals
    -Disgust does not load onto neuroticism
    -Positive emotion breaks down into satiation when achieved something and excitement in anticipation of achievement
    1:00:00

  • @viniciusferreira4984
    @viniciusferreira4984 7 лет назад +27

    After finding myself a bit disenchanted with the cult of personality that has grown out of Dr. Peterson's lectures, it's nice to remember the true value that his work holds. That is, for me, at least.

    • @robertalexander7286
      @robertalexander7286 6 лет назад +11

      I agree with you in respect of the cult of personality, although I'm not sure that he consciously set out to achieve that; he has been posting for quite a few years, it really looks as if he just happened to be a voice of reasonableness in the time of confusion that seems to be with us. I just hope he doesn't succumb to it.

    • @leejacobus5305
      @leejacobus5305 5 лет назад +2

      Vinícius Ferreira appreciation is not cult following. Talent is always admirable

    • @jamesbarthelemy5926
      @jamesbarthelemy5926 4 года назад +1

      Two years later, I'm here to second that. These lectures were... Very special.

  • @BodanReykjavik
    @BodanReykjavik 7 лет назад +373

    Axiomatic presupposition, my dudes.

    • @GeorgeJewitt
      @GeorgeJewitt 7 лет назад +3

      TucksDelluxe huh?

    • @dunebuggy1292
      @dunebuggy1292 7 лет назад +27

      An intellectual way to say self-evident truth.

    • @outsidethepyramid
      @outsidethepyramid 7 лет назад +8

      +TucksDelluxe pretentious poseur

    • @GeorgeJewitt
      @GeorgeJewitt 7 лет назад +10

      a logical axiom isn't a presupposition...and nor are truths ground in fact...

    • @alpiwiththebigballs
      @alpiwiththebigballs 7 лет назад +10

      Self evident truth sounds intellectual enough.

  • @ModulerDrone
    @ModulerDrone 7 лет назад +161

    These lectures are extremely interesting and engaging. Thank you for the uploads!

  • @OscarGeronimo
    @OscarGeronimo 5 лет назад +16

    4:30 Pain (physical and mental equivalence)
    21:45 Kinetic Melodies (Alexander Luria)
    1:02:13 GABA and alcohol.

  • @robertivey2398
    @robertivey2398 3 года назад +1

    I am so grateful to be allowed to view these. I have a MA. a MS. and a PhD. I feel honestly I should go back to school and start all over !

  • @zerik8979
    @zerik8979 3 года назад +7

    I love these online clear lectures, compared to the wannabe legendary motivational videos.

  • @grinreaperoftrolls7528
    @grinreaperoftrolls7528 4 года назад +3

    I may not be in college right now, but I just love listening to this man speak.

  • @Joe-jt2co
    @Joe-jt2co 5 месяцев назад +2

    I miss this Dr. Peterson

    • @Joe-jt2co
      @Joe-jt2co Месяц назад

      @jatre5938His commentary has increasing been turning political over the recent years. Although his voice in that realm is very important, I liked him better when he was exclusively speaking about his area of expertise.

  • @1995yuda
    @1995yuda 4 года назад +2

    This is going to help be be a better Marketer. Peterson is the gift that keeps on giving. Incredible.

  • @teerilla
    @teerilla 3 года назад +1

    People talk often about privilege, but these lectures, along with many educational podcasts from the Peterson family are all free, and that alone is kind of priceless

  • @sangmadewira4726
    @sangmadewira4726 3 месяца назад +1

    So basically,
    - hippocampus
    Its both the math/mismatch detector between the plan/ideal and the world/sensory data and also the alarm bell that rings if a mismatch occurs and raises the flood gates to disinhibit the amygdala and hypothalamus or the prey/fear response and the exploratory and curiosity/positive reward circuit.
    There are 5 categories of perception according to the hippocampus:
    1. Unconditioned threat (pain: when encountered, removes or truncates a motivational circuit)
    2. Unconditioned promise (consummatory reward: kills a motivation circuit by satisfying it; it's "finished")
    3. Conditioned threat (fear: pushes you backwards away from the end of a road you "know" [whether from memory or instinct] will cause you pain)
    4. Conditioned promise (incentive reward: pushes you towards a goal and simultaneously validates the constructed path towards it to be true [enough])
    5. Anomaly/novelty (the unknown/ uncategorizable)
    Anomaly/novelty
    The category of all things that you don't know which category it belongs to. It's ambivalent in its significance; the hippocampus will disinhibit the amygdala and prime the hypothalamus; if you encounter it, you'll freeze or run away then either start getting curious and explore around a bit or cry from the trauma. Something you don't understand happens, and there aren't any immediate consequences: how should you respond; where in your hierarchy of knowledge lies the error? You don't know, at least on first glance. So it varies in the population - some ignore it and some freak out, and sometimes one of them has the right response; matches the appropriate demand of nature (which throws out random problems of random degree at random intervals). That's why the distribution of neuroticism exists.
    So it seems the hippocampus has access to individual and collective (instinctual) memory and also can recognize the valence of things. Now here's what i don't understand yet. Imagine the case of seeing a snake and jumping away. Is it snake perception -> hippocampus -> spinal reflex, or is that too slow and its really more like eye maps out snake -> perceive the snake by way of jumping away?
    Also, it seems the cortex allows for learning of chained patterned behaviour reinforced by reward or threat.
    Core memory: a hypothalamic female cat basically functions like a normal cat (feeding, reproduction, thermal regulation, etc) except it's hyper exploratory. This gives an idea of what the rest of the brain does. A cat with no brain doesn't have memory, and without that, everything seems new and novelty, and that's why the cat keeps exploring over and over. Reference to the pianist who had a brain accident and can't learn anything new anymore and still thinks it's a week or two after the accident.

  • @MaciejJura
    @MaciejJura 6 лет назад +45

    i like listening to this man, he's got somewhat of an engineer inside

  • @stephanfowler8885
    @stephanfowler8885 3 года назад +3

    It would sure be nice if we had more professors like Dr. Peterson.

  • @ebolahh_same8610
    @ebolahh_same8610 2 года назад +1

    That last bit hit home and it was humbling

  • @m3po22
    @m3po22 4 года назад +8

    18:30 What consciousness does (slide up and down levels of abstraction)
    Thinking is exploring
    26:20 Spine is smart. Senses, generates patterns, moves. Paraplegic people can walk controlled by only spine.
    28:40 Cats can live with only hypothalamus. Exploration is old. Memory is inhibitory.
    32:00 visual data branches in 2 directions. Occipital and directly to the motor system.
    33:00 animals are fundamentally simple machines with complexity layered on top.
    34:20 Snakes are patterns easily recognized by primates.

  • @tezzo55
    @tezzo55 7 лет назад +32

    :-) " I know that's a lot to take in, but, it doesn't matter, because that's how it is." LOL Indeed professor Peterson, that most definitely is, how it is. Thank you sir, for being here to tell us. i've been wanting to know these things all my life, and now you're here to share them, in my room, for free. i know that's evolution, but it feels like magic to me. Thanks and wow!

  • @darylhaaland1174
    @darylhaaland1174 7 лет назад +2

    Brain distributed throughout the body is a huge part of the work of Dr. Marco Ruggiero, Fascinating stuff in this lecture to say the very least of it. I'm absolutely riveted.

  • @skylar.benson
    @skylar.benson 3 года назад +26

    It’s small but significant, the fact that each of his classes end in applause. When’s the last time you gave an ovation to a professor for a regularly scheduled lecture?

  • @toddschmidt5005
    @toddschmidt5005 4 года назад

    So much knowledge in one breath.
    It blows my mind how so much truth/knowledge can be spoken in 2-3 sentences. Thank u JBP. TU

  • @RSanchez111
    @RSanchez111 7 лет назад +2

    The second half of the course has all the biological justifications for Dr. Peterson's ideas, and damn are they difficult to get. I have to watch these second half videos 2-3 times before I can say I have a good understanding of the ideas, and every time I watch them it's like I learn something new from how new things I learned in the first or second view frame the existing information. Great stuff!

  • @kjvail
    @kjvail 6 лет назад +4

    Dr Peterson, this is great stuff. It fills in the connections between my BA in empirical developmental psychology and my MA in psychoanalytic clinical psychology

  • @szeredaiakos
    @szeredaiakos 7 лет назад +135

    Jordan B Peterson seems to find rat laughter particularly fascinating

    • @mohandasjung
      @mohandasjung 6 лет назад +15

      szeredai akos But it is incredibly fascinating!

    • @ricardohernandezvega8588
      @ricardohernandezvega8588 5 лет назад +1

      No more fascinating than human's, no less

    • @Papa-Squat
      @Papa-Squat 4 года назад +7

      @@ricardohernandezvega8588 it's fascinating because of its parallel to the human equivalent. The implication is that our circuits are so primitive that they are evident across species. It's not clear to what extent this is true. Not unlike the whole lobster-SSRI response

    • @ricardohernandezvega8588
      @ricardohernandezvega8588 4 года назад +2

      @@Papa-Squat yes, I agree C. J.
      What I was going for with my comment was that szeredai's comment took notice of Jordan's fascination with rat laughter as if rat laughter wasn't a thing of significance and so Jordan's interest might be unwarranted or rare. But rat laughter is fascinating and warrants fascination, by itself and by the parallelism you mention, as interesting as it would be to notice the significance of human laughter and its own implications.
      By the way, thank you for your clarifying comment, for well characterizing the core of the matter 👍

    • @Papa-Squat
      @Papa-Squat 4 года назад

      @@ricardohernandezvega8588 Yeah we're all pretty weird creatures

  • @adeadgirl13
    @adeadgirl13 6 лет назад +73

    I wish my lecturer gave homework that included going to a bar and doing 5 shots.

  • @chaitanyadeshmane8243
    @chaitanyadeshmane8243 2 года назад +2

    At 44.14 he gave a correct defination of Seretonin hormone. Thank you sir.

  • @T_1357_F
    @T_1357_F 6 лет назад +11

    Listening to Mr. Peterson makes me want to go back to school, but then I remember what final exams were like.. and that desire dies a quiet death.

  • @jacky7878
    @jacky7878 2 года назад

    - After basic needs are taken care of humans will seek exploration
    - Disgust circuit associated with orderliness and conscientiousness
    - Hypothalamus modulates small goals/desires - hunger, thirst, pain, thermoregulation, care, sexual desire - sets your frame of motivation
    - Small motivation states make up all larger motivations - satiation will create another motivation - sisyphus (dopamine - anticipation/movement towards goal).
    - Fear signals pain. Can be conditioned or unconditioned - Unit of negative emotion vs Unit of threat

  • @charleswomack2166
    @charleswomack2166 Год назад

    As a recovering addict/alcoholic, this makes perfect sense regarding the opiates. As a side note, on the children whom are not their own, about 90+% of children who are molested, the primary perpetrator of these crimes are stepdads! Luckily for me, my baby momma never remarried or even introduced her many partners to my daughters. Thank God.

  • @christoskettenis880
    @christoskettenis880 6 лет назад +1

    Dr Peterson, great lecture series and I agree with your positions a lot because your principles are very similar to mine. The issue I have with your point of a distributed "being" throughout the nervous system is that the brain alone is what holds the "being", one's self. You have been talking in this and the previous lecture about seeing and walking with our spines and I have no reason to doubt the validity of your claims even though I am not a biologist. However, you are talking about sensory "awareness" of our bodies (similar to triggering hunger for example) which is not the same as being conscious or alive. A severed limb or spinal cord does not remove one's self even though this condition may "imprison" him within his body. All memories and personality traits are stored and manifested by the brain. If the brain dies, the person dies and disappears regardless if the heart or spine remain functional. A transplant would not make me another person; so will not a head transplant. In the latter, I would simply change a body and I would not have access to any personality traits nor experience of the person whom I received the body from. And lastly, a blind person may be able to see because the nervous system is extremely plastic and this is the reason why, most probably, we can learn virtually everything. As always, I love to listen to you and your lectures. Keep up the good work Dr!

  • @natureswhisper1397
    @natureswhisper1397 4 года назад +1

    Really nice to know that alcohol is related not only to calmness but also to dopamine and that's why some people can become addicted to it... knowledge is power!

  • @roman14032
    @roman14032 6 лет назад +15

    peterson is brilliant but all you people here in the comment section are pretty brilliant too

    • @grantfrith9589
      @grantfrith9589 4 года назад +1

      I'm not!

    • @grantfrith9589
      @grantfrith9589 3 года назад

      @He who must not be named But did you recognize it as a Monty Python reference?

  • @darkestafrica3
    @darkestafrica3 6 лет назад +1

    Excellent summary of the video at 56:45 where he pulls it all together. I had to watch the whole thing twice to understand what he meant.

  • @davidgarvin7823
    @davidgarvin7823 6 лет назад +8

    Thank you so much for uploading your lectures Dr. Peterson.

  • @sulamy1955
    @sulamy1955 7 лет назад +43

    It's crazy that a lecture with such a high intelectual level has 25 thousand views on RUclips. I wonder how many people watched it the whole way through

    • @Milestonemonger
      @Milestonemonger 6 лет назад +6

      xZeno I'm watching each and every lecture, interview and talk by JBP while I excersise. IT'S ADDICTING.

    • @Milestonemonger
      @Milestonemonger 6 лет назад +3

      GokuTheSuperSaiyanDemon Same here. I love it.

    • @Fubuuuuu
      @Fubuuuuu 6 лет назад +3

      I watch all of the video

    • @sjsblacksmith1693
      @sjsblacksmith1693 5 лет назад +4

      I listen to them while driving and working, and this is atleast the second or third time through this particular lecture. It's harder since I am normally a visual learner, and do better with the things I read. But I love the material so much, most of it sticks pretty good...

    • @joetheperformer
      @joetheperformer 4 года назад +6

      I can’t miss two seconds of any of these lectures without feeling like I need to go back 10 seconds.

  • @sandfang
    @sandfang 4 года назад +1

    This articulation gesticulation combination is priceless. I find it incredible how much easier it is for me to understand the ideas he transmitts if he uses his body to communicate it as well!

    • @FiladelfiaNow
      @FiladelfiaNow 3 месяца назад

      Interesting point. I will try to work on ways to replace body language with images to convey messages thanks

  • @senata.s3034
    @senata.s3034 4 года назад +10

    Yo this jordan guy is really good at psychology, he should try to teach people

    • @randygraham7966
      @randygraham7966 3 года назад +2

      Right I was thinking we should all get together and maybe comment on this

  • @andyhawken6641
    @andyhawken6641 3 года назад +1

    I did a science degree in the late 1980's. I was hard but i stuck it out and passed. The degree was free but if you didnt study you failed. JPs rational and evidence based style reminds me of that golden time. Then i read some of the modern hubris they go on with at university now and you have to pay for it. What a discrace.

  • @oa3015
    @oa3015 3 года назад +1

    35:45 Jerry Fodor wrote an influential paper on this notion. It's called "Modularity of Mind", which basically argues that the mind is modular, where each module is informationally encapsulated.

  • @Amused_Comfort_Inc
    @Amused_Comfort_Inc 2 года назад +1

    I have watched every personality lecture in order and 15 and 16 have been my hardest to get through. I left for a few weeks but I'm ready to learn again, see you at the end of these.

    • @user-ne4mv6mg8p
      @user-ne4mv6mg8p Год назад

      What are you doing while watching? Are you taking notes, or it’s just on in the background? I’m not sure how to go about this.

  • @olivierelbougnadere4117
    @olivierelbougnadere4117 Год назад +1

    Fluid, elegent and interesting. That wath is Peterson's lectures.

  • @anetkagreen2697
    @anetkagreen2697 2 года назад

    I am amazed with Dt Peterson wisdom. Thank you for sharing your knowledge. We are blessed.

  • @andrewnock2675
    @andrewnock2675 7 лет назад +2

    "affective neuroscience" is very good, i feel like i have been looking for this book my entire life, thank you for the recommendation.

  • @antonyliberopoulos933
    @antonyliberopoulos933 3 года назад +1

    Thank you Jordan Peterson. It is a blessing to have you.

  • @dshakhbazyan
    @dshakhbazyan 4 года назад

    Dr. Peterson’s references from Computer Science make him even more engaging speaker for a nerd like me. It’s fascinating how much interdisciplinary knowledge he possesses, and how gracefully he comes up with intuitive explanations of such complex studies.

  • @lcobb5214
    @lcobb5214 4 года назад +2

    I hope the students that he was lecturing to at university appreciated that they were getting!👍😊

  • @bobsmith-ov3kn
    @bobsmith-ov3kn 7 лет назад +2

    When developing certain skills like competence at an instrument, which, depending on the instrument, is almost entirely done with your hands, I feel like the memory and general level of competence you develop is stored practically entirely in your distributed nervous system, in your spine mainly, and what part of it reaches into your arms.
    I know just from my own personal perception when playing. It really requires no level of thoughts in your head at all, you can run totally on autopilot, and it just comes through in your hands. There's nothing coming from your head, if anything it's coming from your spine and your whole body.

    • @FiladelfiaNow
      @FiladelfiaNow 3 месяца назад

      Interesting point. But if you dissect any appliance you'll realise all have a circuit board to process information so I believe neural pathways are necessary to be forged before any automation of skills can be achieved

  • @TopHatKitty
    @TopHatKitty 7 лет назад +54

    Too hungry to sleep and too sleepy to eat.

  • @omarmiz
    @omarmiz 7 лет назад

    I wish that he gave examples for all the different psychological mechanisms he was trying to explain. Especially during the summary, it became really clear to me that I hadn't really gotten much from the lecture for precisely this reason.

    • @wredmatic
      @wredmatic 6 лет назад

      I think it'll come together better if you read the Swanson paper

  • @scubasteve7207
    @scubasteve7207 2 года назад

    If you think he's just talking aimlessly he stops halfway through the lecture and picks one single word that the editing program added by mistake " that's wrong that shouldn't be there". That guy is fully engaged in everything he says.

  • @joshuaromero8012
    @joshuaromero8012 4 года назад +1

    Something I find interesting from his explanation about satisfaction and happiness is that it substantiates the idea that happiness is found in the journey, not in its conclusion

  • @redrosin99
    @redrosin99 6 лет назад +38

    "You are not thinking about walking, well, unless you are one of these people that can't walk and chew gum at the same time" can't stop laughing here Hahaha

  • @basspuff514
    @basspuff514 3 года назад +10

    You know something is seriously wrong when I end up procrastinating ap psychology homework to watch psychology lectures... lmao

  • @cesaralvesdemoraes3187
    @cesaralvesdemoraes3187 7 лет назад +1

    thanks for the oportunity to have a full lecture of yours from the confort of our homes Professor Peterson

  • @jonathanm4508
    @jonathanm4508 6 лет назад +1

    1:00:00 - agitation - confusion - threat circuits - not knowing what to do - chaos - approach behavior not always positive in valence.

  • @jaybird6034
    @jaybird6034 7 лет назад +7

    This man is brilliant!

  • @karensilver8853
    @karensilver8853 3 года назад

    He and others like Matthew Lieberman (UCLA) and John Gabrieli at MIT have reignited my interest in the workings of humans.

  • @tblackma222
    @tblackma222 7 лет назад +11

    I know that's a lot to take in, but well... it doesn't matter, that's how it is.

  • @michaelburton1970
    @michaelburton1970 7 лет назад +8

    It is, roughly speaking, fantastic that he has so many subscribers, as far as I'm concerned, bucko

    • @jasonphilip
      @jasonphilip 5 лет назад

      That's no joke

    • @siddhantparikh3260
      @siddhantparikh3260 3 года назад

      s0 y0u'Re sAyiNg you'd use Peterson's specific words and phrases and we wouldn't notice?

  • @yurigagarin1728
    @yurigagarin1728 6 лет назад

    Dr petersons explanation of the Apprehension of a reward being more powerful of an emotion than the actual acquisition of the reward reminds me of a fantastic quote from Mr. Spock ; "Having is not always as pleasurable a thing as Wanting".
    Maybe (in terms of life goals) it's actually important that the idea is more exciting than the completion, so that more goals are continually set. This is the Sisyphus journey he was talking about in this video but combine that with the dopaminurgic systems he explains in other videos and you have a reliable system to keep you on track.
    So how come people completing their goals constantly? I'm trying to get better at this but I let my hypothalamus dominate me through distractions all the time. Sometime I realise I'm doing it, most times I don't.

  • @Rawan-vg5eu
    @Rawan-vg5eu 2 года назад

    Better than all of the lectures I had at Columbia, and I’m a psych student as well
    I had the same exact course about personality. Teaching quality was poor and lazy having students present the syllabus

  • @Trascist
    @Trascist 7 лет назад +137

    Wonder how many of Peterson's students spark up before going into class
    i would

    • @chemicalimbalance7030
      @chemicalimbalance7030 7 лет назад +37

      Typhlosion in Pompeii lol there's this alcove outside Sidney Smith hall that positively reeks of weed every time this man is gunna have a lecture.
      Stop by and we'll smoke you out sometime. We're good folk.

    • @MortonSeinfeld
      @MortonSeinfeld 7 лет назад +12

      DUDE

    • @naughteedesign
      @naughteedesign 7 лет назад +5

      i reckon they probably spank-up too

    • @scottiedoyles
      @scottiedoyles 7 лет назад +8

      My lesser known psych prof Mike Atkinson once basically said that if you sesh (or drink or smoke cigs, etc within reason) before class that you may as well do it (and do a similar amount) before tests as well. Maybe I was too baked to understand exactly what he was sayin'..

    • @ienjoyapples
      @ienjoyapples 7 лет назад +26

      High in class: can't do it. I guess I'm too high in trait neuroticism.

  • @anthonydane2781
    @anthonydane2781 2 года назад +4

    Wow.
    doesn't fail to astound me.
    This man has literally Saved my Life.
    If I saw Jordan Peterson just nonchalant Crossing paths on the Street.
    I'd prolly just Break down and Cry.
    He's Helped me Heal so much.
    2 years ago I was 30,Shooting Drugs in a bush,no Job,No Responsibility,no Goals,no Remorse for the Hurt and Pain I caused others as I sold them meth in exchange for a buck not knowing the fact that it was also a part of their soul that would eventually haunt my dreams.
    I was An Evil Human Being
    having Been Confronted by The Shadow of my own capacity for malevolence without Remorse,I was Broken By the Suffering I Caused,Truly Incinerated.
    waking up Most nights with Horrific Dreams of the experience of all those I had Tortured with that Evil Drug,and was on the verge of suicide.
    and One Night I was scrolling through RUclips mindlessly and my Life completely changed.
    and Here I am 32,Off Meth,I'm a janitor at the YMCA,I'll be getting my apartment in 4 months,I Clean My Room,and keep it clean.
    Thank You So So Much Jordan B Peterson From the Bottom of My Heart,Mind and Soul.

  • @Vamsea
    @Vamsea 3 года назад

    This is definitely worth listening to especially during rush hour

  • @justexpressingmyself397
    @justexpressingmyself397 4 года назад

    After listening hours and hours ..
    My father used to say all the philosophy ends when the action begins.
    Its like standing on the top of the bridge looking down to the river preparing yourself for jump.
    Dont get yourself caught thinking obout life too much,you might forget to have one.
    Go out in the chaos

    • @Angelofexecution
      @Angelofexecution 3 года назад

      You say that in the middle of a pandemic where governments don't want people to resume their lives, nor want them to travel anywhere, fam...

    • @Angelofexecution
      @Angelofexecution 3 года назад

      @@Dimitris_Half I say be sensible. Don't go on a pilgrimage or on a couchsurfing trip when it's not the time to do so. If you wanna go somewhere, don't pick the dates where everybody is booking a train/plane ticket.

    • @justexpressingmyself397
      @justexpressingmyself397 3 года назад

      I was jumping recreational...
      But yes sometimes im wondering about those much more higher...
      If somebody is suicidal try first those who are the smallest and step by step increase the high,maybe you will change your mind after time.
      Still you can pretend that you are dead

  • @billymead2011
    @billymead2011 3 года назад +1

    I’m 98%percentile withdrawal, 98% neurotic, 90%openess, agreeable, low in orderliness, low in conscientiousness ,have a PD, ED and feel like giving up...

  • @winstonsmith3045
    @winstonsmith3045 7 лет назад +17

    I doubt I'll get an obviously trustworthy answer to this, but here goes anyway. If incentive reward based happiness is a major motivation for consumption of alcohol or cocaine, then is it also a reason that they're so habit forming? If you constantly believe that the end will be somehow better, do to either subconscious beliefs that say "this will be better" or chemical things in the body, I'd guess that you would continue to chase the end, only that neither of those really have an end- thus the problem.

    • @winstonsmith3045
      @winstonsmith3045 7 лет назад +10

      Thanks for the reply. I enjoy listening to your videos.

  • @minusstage3
    @minusstage3 7 лет назад +3

    Wow he's rock solid here! Thanks JP!!

  • @gobboilino6285
    @gobboilino6285 3 года назад +3

    So much enthusiasm and information. Thank you.

  • @cameronw.2775
    @cameronw.2775 7 лет назад +6

    Sending love Doc!

  • @annschrimsher5183
    @annschrimsher5183 2 года назад +3

    Is it just me or does anyone else want to become a neurologist/cognitive scientist after watching these videos?

    • @anthonydane2781
      @anthonydane2781 2 года назад

      Makes me wanna Go into the Wilderness and Build wooden Pyramids that can be seen from space and undergo extreme Spiritual Disciplines,Not to mention the CE5 protocols that might help pushed all that along if I just so happen to come in contact with something idk.
      But yeah these Videos make me wanna do something for sure.

    • @annschrimsher5183
      @annschrimsher5183 2 года назад

      @@anthonydane2781 idk what CE5 protocols are but the pyramids sound cool 😎.

  • @dackjaniels878
    @dackjaniels878 6 лет назад +7

    49:14- So, I know that's a lot to take in, but... well, it doesn't matter. That's how it is. (The Jordan B. Peterson Axiom of Truth)

  • @johnforeman634
    @johnforeman634 4 года назад +2

    One needs to read the comments section on JP videos to see that there are actually people who can spell and form legible sentences.

  • @anuragmadan
    @anuragmadan 2 года назад +1

    Two questions-
    1. What are the chances that Jordan’s biases are not influencing the papers and the concepts he is teaching?
    2. What are the chances that these theories will be proved wrong again in next 50 or 60 years?
    Thanks for the lectures :)

  • @Erik_Swiger
    @Erik_Swiger 6 лет назад +4

    Estrogen is a stress hormone, so it's not surprising to see an increase in female negative neuroticism when puberty hits.