Montenegro during the First World War
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- Опубликовано: 13 янв 2023
- Montenegro during World War One is an interesting story of Balkan history. The country only became an independent kingdom in 1910. Before that it was the so-called Principality of Montenegro. Being closely linked with Serbia the Central Powers decided to invade the Kingdom of Montenegro in January 1916. This was the Montenegrin Campaign.
History Hustle presents: Montenegro during the First World War (1916 - 1918).
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SOURCES
- The Balkans. Nationalism, War and the Great Powers, 1804-2012 (Misha Glenny).
- Realm Of The Black Mountain. A History Of Montenegro (Elizabeth Roberts).
IMAGES
Images from commons.wikimedia.org.
MUSIC
"Indore" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
creativecommons.org/licenses/b...
"The Descent" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
creativecommons.org/licenses/b...
SOUNDS
Freesound.org.
E-MAIL
historyhustle[at]gmail.com
Learn about WHAT caused WORLD WAR ONE:
ruclips.net/video/v_h03jDXuEw/видео.html
Check out the WORLD WAR ONE OVERVIEW:
ruclips.net/video/o2XJrtqmRnU/видео.html
Learn about the END of the EASTERN FRONT:
ruclips.net/video/QRUI4GxdPG8/видео.html
Learn about how the GREAT WAR ENDED:
ruclips.net/video/-gGEypRkXfc/видео.html
✅ 🇧🇷
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@@HistoryHustle I hope you do not angry at me but you made 2 mistakes on video.
Battle of Mojkovac was their finest hour 6000 vs three times thier numbers after the battle the enemy commander praise the fighting spirts of Montenegro soldiers
I was promoted to be a major, and every Allied government gave me a decoration--even Montenegro, little Montenegro down on the Adriatic Sea. He reached into his pocket ad a piece of metal, slung on a ribbon, fell into my palm.
"That's the one from Montenegro."
To my astonishment, the thing had an authentic look.
Orderi di Danilo, ran the circlar legen, Montenegro, Nicolas Rex.
"Turn it."
*Major Jay Gatsby, I read, For Valour Extraordnary.*
♥
The battle of Mojkovac has to be our greatest achievement in the last 200 years.
Also thank you for mentioning the occupation of Skadar/Scutari in the early months of the war and the advance into Bosnia, which are very overlooked and sometimes not even mentioned in most history videos
Thanks for your reply.
Thank you for sharing the history of our brothers😁❤️
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Montenegro was independent principality ruled by prince bishops since 1797. ( the fall of Venice) and before that was de facto independent since 1699. Venice was not interfering with our affairs except to ask for military aid or send military aid ..Montenegrin principality independence was recognised in 1852. by Austria,Ottoman Empire and Russia and 1878. by the rest of great powers .After 1916. occupation Montenegrin population resisted occupiers by fighting them in Guerilla war .The yellow black forces under field Marshall Stjepan Sarkotic " von Lovcen" commited many atrocities and rule of the occupiers was very harsh ...Nearly all goods and food was taken away ,there was no trade,travel was very limited and people were brought to starvation ..Many died of disease and starvation and many died from gallows and bullet ..
Thanks for sharing this.
Momčilo Gavrić was the youngest child soldier in ww1
Love Montenegro; visit Ulcinje, best sandy beaches there and very friendly locals.
I learn a lot from your content that I never knew.
My family is from montenegro. My grandfather,My great grandfather were soldiers . Amazing warriors
Thanks for sharing.
I love your channel the research you do for your videos is amazing especially the topics you cover I didn’t no anything about this topic so big thank you
Great to read. Thanks.
Thank you for your nice video! I had very few knowledge about this nation-country I am waiting the next video on that topic!
Thanks for your reply.
Mooie video zoals altijd Stefan
Dank!
Turbulent times in the Balkans. Most people don’t know or forget that before the FWW the Balkans were embroiled in the Balkan Wars. I have seen some historians suggest that from a Balkan perspective, the FWW could also be called the Third Balkan War.
Great of you to make these videos! Wish you had longer and more in depth episodes in this manner, but I understand that that's a whole other concept:D Keep up the good work! Greetings from Montenegro!:D
Thanks for your reply.
Christmas uprising 💪💪♥️🇲🇪
Will cover this in the future.
Interesting bit of history Stefan, my best always:) Jesse ✌️
Many thanks 👍
Very nice vídeo, Thanks for sharing (I had zero info prior to this vídeo about Montenegro in WW 1 )
I also dont know much about its territory during german ocuppation in WW2.
As always thanks for your reply.
Allot thanks 😊 🙏 Sir Stefan..for sharing this wonderful introduction, informative historical coverage about Montenegro 🇲🇪 ( Black ⚫️ mountain) history from its independents to its united with newborns Yugoslavia after WW1.....I heard about it but not as such details. Good luck and best wishes
As always many thanks for your reply.
0:15 Mistake. Montenegro was recognize as independent State in 1878! after decide of Great powers on Congress in Berlin. In 1910. People Assembly passed the law that Montenegro become a Monarchy.
I stand corrected.
@@HistoryHustle Me too. If you want I put sources.
Montenegro looks like a beatiful country
It is!
The landscape indeed is beautiful!
good topic that what i learn from this video bro it brings up Montenegro on the topic
It was fully independent in 1878 (Berlin congress) and became a kingdom in 1910
I stand corrected.
No! It was independent king before the Berlin conference dating back to 1516.
@@Teapoidthat was Serbia !
@@HistoryHustleBerlin Congress was a part of Drang Nach Osten evil agenda ...
Thankyou again.
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Rivalling the sure-footedness of an alpine chamois to bring us another great video. BZ
Five ⭐️ episode Stefan
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Stefan thank you for your video. First time i hear about montenegro in ww1. Amazing.
By the way do you have any bibliography for serbian and montenegro during the balkan wars? Thank you
I am glad that you made nice video Montenegro history which is fascinating, but generally taken overlooked and unknown for most of Europeans. To tourists who are interested in history I advice to visit Cetinje with its museums, as well as Vlaska crkva in Cetinje, only church in the world that has fence around that consists of gun barrels.
Thanks for watching.
Cetinje is Serbian @@HistoryHustle
@@HistoryHustleNjegos was a Montenegrian Serb!
@@natashaj3788 Njegos was pure blood Montenegrin.
Thanks for the video. A good short history. Take ding dong care.
Thanks!
The Montenegrin king, age 75 in 1916, was perceived as critically inactive and in exile his government came to be perceived as merely nominal. A rival government in exile composed of dissidents who were pro-Yugoslavia sidelined the king, took over, and led the small country into the new Yugoslavia.
Thanks for sharing.
Interesting 👍
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ah, the peaceful Balkans... anyone wanting to know why World War One happened, needs to look at the various Balkan conflicts that preceded them. tragic tale
Hi from montenegro🇲🇪
🇲🇪
It may seem trivial、but, alongside the denizens of your own country, Stefan, the Montenegrins rank ( apparently ) as amongst the loftiest, tallest people on earth….
Montenegro existed before the napolianik wars in the middel ages as well.
Ok!
I am wondering what would the national anthem of the country 1916 to 1918? The kingdom of Montenegro national anthem before the Austrian invasion or Gott Erhalte Gott Beschütze Unsern Kaiser Unser Land which has Lyrics in Bosnian Croatian Montegrin & Serbian languages.
WRONG!
In 1914, Montenegro, an independent kingdom ruled by King Nichola I, was financially exhausted by the Balkan Wars. Unsurprisingly, when the war broke out, Montenegro aligned herself with the neighbouring Serbs, and declared war on Austria-Hungary on 6 August. There was no attempt to negotiate with A-H, but there was open offer from A-H to Montenegro to stay neutral and gain some teritoties and benefits for neutrality. Montenegro army stood still in the Battle of Mojkovac to defend retreating Serbian army from their own country not to be crushed by A-H army.
The Battle of Mojkovac was a World War 1 battle fought between 6 January and 7 January 1916 near Mojkovac, in today's Montenegro, between the armies of A-H and the Kingdom of Montenegro. It ended with a decisive Montenegrin victory.
Generalmajor Reinöhl said of the battle: "The courage of the Montenegrin soldier has no equal in the history of wars. Here you could see the Montenegrin soldier attacking the bayonets of the enemy with his bare hands. That numerically small army, armed with primitive weapons, on the terrain of Mojkovac for days stopped the much more numerous Austro-Hungarian Army, equipped with modern arms."
Montenegro's war came to an end when it was left alone by all its allies, including Serbia, and invaded by Austria in January 1916. When the Austrians with- drew in 1918, it was seized by Serbia, thus becoming the only Allied country to be annexed by another one at the end of the war.
So what is wrong exactly?
There was no attempt from King Nikola to negotiate neutrality with A-H, but there was open offer from A-H to Montenegro to stay neutral and gain some teritoties and benefits for neutrality, which he daclined.
,,Attempt to negotiate neutrality" was a fabrication by our occupier Serbia after the war, to denounce King Nikola, to create false picture in peoples minds for easier manipulating by occupier.
Dont forget that the whole government, whole parlament, and King Nikola himself was forbidden to come back to Montenegro by Serbian occupier after the war.
And we were on allies side.
Thank you for your effort, i like to watch your videos.
It's easy to forget that the First World War did not just begin in The Balkans but was fought there as well, from 1914 to 1918.
Montenegro and Serbia = brothers!
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Thanks. This part of WW1 history has been mostly obscured in most history book.
Am I right in suggesting that Tito tried quite a bit to maintain the Montenegrin identity and combined this with Serbia being the post 1990s/2000s Balkan War loser Montenegro regained independence?
The war to end all wars....
Not really as it turned out.
When you technically win the war but still lose everything.
Indeed.
Lets goooooo
Our brothers💪🇷🇸❤️🇲🇪
Thanks for watching!
Fellow- Montenegro existed way before it was kingdom. Do your damn research.
Never said it didnt exist before.
*Correspondence between the Serbian regent Alexander and the Montenegrin king Nikola (of grandson and grandfather) in July 1914:*
"Regent of Serbia Alexander
To His Majesty the King of Montenegro - Cetinje
14/27. VII 1914 (telegram)
We tried everything possible to save the Serbian people of new losses and burdens, but we failed, because Austria-Hungary wanted us to sacrifice our dear independence.
I guess that's how God wanted the Serbian people to once again put their lives in defense of the whole of Serbdom.
I am convinced that my dear grandfather can appreciate even more how unjustified was the request of Austria-Hungary, which was designed to deal a death blow to the bright future of the Serbian people.
I was filled with great joy when I found out, and even if I had no doubt about it, that Montenegro stood in solidarity with Serbia in the defense of the Serbian people.
I issued the order for the mobilization of part of the Serbian army.
Almighty God and the help of imperial and powerful Russia will be on the side of Serbian justice, and so will the public opinion of civilized Europe.
I send greetings to my wise and dear grandfather and to the brave Montenegrin army."
*King Nikola's response:*
"King Nikola Petrović - Cetinje
To His Royal Highness the heir Alexander - Belgrade
14/27. VII 1914 (telegram)
The pride of the Serbian tribe did not allow it to go any further in concessions. The sacrifices made for justice and national independence are sweet.
In the name of God, and with the help of our age-old protector, mighty Russia, and the sympathy of civilized peoples, our Serbian nation will emerge victorious from this great ordeal imposed on it and secure its bright future.
My Montenegrins are already ready at the border to die in defense of our independence.
Hail, my dear grandson, to the joy of your dear father and mine!
Long live the brave Serbian army! *Long live our dear Serbdom!"*
Thanks for sharing.
@@HistoryHustle This letter is the fact as great as a Mount of Everest. King Nikola I and Regent Aleksandar were grandfather and grandson first of all. Secondly, after the WW1 they had dispute over a power issues, being part of serbian ethnicity was never even slightly questioned by either of them - not even then, nor ever before in long common history. Even "Greens" (Zelenaši) were claiming Serbian ethnicity, but wanted to keep power to themself - and means of power was independece, of course. King Nikola was acctualy the greatest advocate of "Serbdom" and taking back Kosovo and Metohija and other Serbian historical land from the Ottomans. Historians today, when put into context, connect his behaviour with his strong desire to become a King of all Serbdom (which from today's point of view wasnt that bad idea).
Being part of Serbian world or Serbdom was not a subject or dispute back than it was sort of axiom. Dispute was invented as it follows:
In socualist Yugoslavia, communist have taken advantige of before mentioned royal familly disputes and introduced Montenegrian nationality through tough regime propaganda and unscrupulous extermination (denunciations, concentation camps etc). The goal was to diminish any posible anti-communism oposition which naturally was inclined to democratic or/and royalist ideology and hence Serbian tradition and ethnicity as a common denominator. After Yugoslavia fell apart, great Western powers found this path (eventhough communists were ideological enemies to Western powers) good enough to assert their influence in the region, so supporting a further continuation of popping up new regional nationalities was some sort of natural policy to them - hence emergence of dozen of small "banana states" in the region.
I hope this makes your interests in regional history any clearer - It is heavily intertwined and densed with notable events, so one may find themself puzzled when step in from the outside:) Anyway, full support for your efforts!
Montenegro looks pretty good from Canada in February.
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Is it possible to find a video on the history of hooliganism in the Netherlands and how it was influenced by the UK hooliganism?
Sorry, not my niche.
Country though history had 3 names: Duclea, Zeta ( at the time cofounder of first state of Serbia in 1217) and finally the Montenegro, meaning Monte Negro, the Black Mountains, in 15 century.
Actually Montenegro is more than 1000 years old and our history was full of wars and battles
Sure has a large history.
In the introductory part, you placed the court flag, which is not based in the tradition of Montenegrin heraldry. That flag was not a state flag, but a court flag and is the subject of huge disputes in modern Montenegro (keep that in mind). Second: Montenegro did not gain independence in 1910, when it became a kingdom. It gained official independence at the Congress of Berlin in 1878.
I see. Thanks for sharing.
What about Croatia?
Hope to make such a video this summer!
It should be noted that Montenegrins (such as myself) all generally consider themselves to be ethnically Serb. If you don't know this fact then it wouldn't make sense as to why Montenegro was so pro-Serbian and was willing to risk their country to fight alongside the Serbs
Montenegrins and Serbs are one ethnicity which was split up into two states as a result of the Ottoman conquests separating them administratively for 500 years. After the fall of the Ottoman Empire the goal was to try and reunify with the Serbs again, but not all wanted this which was the cause of internal conflicts
As a montenegrin we dont claim him
All generaly?
45% montenegrins
28% serbs, my friend
@@matijas7994 misleading statistics. Many Muslim Montenegrins feel uncomfortable identifying as Serb. But they also feel that Bosniak is incorrect and that Muslimani is outdated. Without anything left to choose from they pick Montenegrin
But the identity crisis of Muslim Serbs isn't the question here. The question here was "Are Montenegrins a separate ethnicity? Or are they Serbs?" To cut to the chase, it's very well accepted by the vast majority of academics that all historical and linguistic and genetic evidence proves Montenegrins to be ethnic Serbs. Montenegro being a region of Serbia separated from Serbia proper during Ottoman conquests. Which is why they were so keen on reunification
@@emZee1994 first off, there are many muslims and bosniaks in montenegro, or atleast those who identify as such, and not so many those who are muslim but identify as montenegrin
I dont know about academic aproaches so much but I would say there are both claims being supported
But montenegrin ethnicity does in fact exist, being culturaly diferentiated during the ottoman period
But even before it was seen as a different region, even i the time of nemanjići, duklja was a separate kingdom inside of it, later relabled as primorje: it still appeared in the titles even after the "inner kingdom" of duklja was disbanded
@@matijas7994 1) This isn't about the identity crisis Muslims in Montenegro (or Serbia) might feel. Some of them identify as Bosniak, some identify as Montenegrin, and some identify as Serbs. Go into a Muslim neighbourhood in Montenegro and you will find many different identities. They are still trying to find an answer for this question they can all agree on
2) Prior to the invention of the nationalism ideology, states did not align with ethnic boundaries. States were seen as the private property of the King, and kingdoms or empires would often be multi-ethnic and multi-linguistic. And often ethnicities would be separated by the borders of different kingdoms. In regards to the Serbs, they were separated into a few different kingdoms many times. Duklija for example was a Serbian kingdom, but just run under a different dynasty which was a rival to the other Serbian dynasties. So no there is no separate Montenegrin ethnicity in the middle ages. What about Ottoman times? Well Montenegro did manage to retain a de facto independence during Ottoman times, and we have documents from those times specifically that Montenegrins identified as Serbs very strongly. Lastly, Montenegrins have already resolved this question as well, because if historical documents proving this wasn't enough, in the end the Montenegrins willingly agreed to have the Serbian kingdom annex them into one country after they won independence from the Ottomans. The reasoning was openly and officially because they all identified as Serbs and wished to be united under one state and one king. So imagine they spent many centuries fighting for independence from the Ottomans, and then they willingly chose to be absorbed into the Serbian kingdom. They would not have done this if they had a separate Montenegrin identity
I bet King Nicholas and the Original and the real Greens(Зеленаши, Zelenaši), who were proud Serbs but supporters the Petrović-Njegoš dynasty and united state with Serbia under the Petrović-Njegoš dynasty as ruling dynasty would rotate in their graves at highspeed if they could see what is calling themselves "Greens"(Зеленаши, Zelenaši) today
Nope, side note by your profile picture I can imagine you being a genocide denier and a fascist but okay. Anyway greens on their own wanted independence for Montenegro as well as to have a Montenegrin king, you can make an argument that the King Nicolas was a serb, which on some notes I can agree to since his initial secrete plan was to rule over both Serbia and Montenegro. But by no means were the greens serbs, they whole slogan is for right honor and liberty of Montenegro, not Serbian Montenegro just Montenegro. Their main goal was Justice and Independence that they deserved after they died for Serbian troops. Of course serbs took this opportunity and basically backstabbed a country that died for them, however in this modern age we must understand that serbs are a big part of Montenegro and that as we move forward we should not let nationalism divide us but encourage patriotism and equality for all
Like
Thanks!
I don't know if financially it's with in your means. But the Boer war could be a interesting series on-site
@@billmccormick874 perhaps one day!
We Serbs from Serbia learned to be real Serbs from our Montenegrin Serb brothers. Our strongest tribe.
And Serb attack us in 1918 even we save them 1 or 2 year before and our army die for them
Is this the prevelant view in Montenegro?
No we didnt you agreed to make yugoslavia. Learn history!
@@HistoryHustle no its not alot of montenegrons love serbia and some even say that Kosovo isnt a country
@@DavidMarkovic646 Learn history in 1918 Serbia occupation Montenegro kill a lot people and burn our house.First learn about Christmas rising then talk
@History Hustle Yes if you are Montenegrian.Serb from Montenegrian will say other story
What people pretend or not wish to understand is that almost all Montenegrins back then and even half of the country today declare themselves as Serbs. King Nikola was grandfather of Aleksandar of Yugoslavia. In that time when WW1 broke out Aleksandar was a Serbian Prince. King Nikola was also great Serbian nationalist, it is enough to look at schoolbooks during his remain like the one where is written: "Montenegro is inhabited by pure and true Serbs, who speak the Serbian language, and there are about 300,000 inhabitants." Those books were approved by King Nikola itself not to mention his public speeches like the one in 1910 where among other things he tell: "With a view to the glorious past of our homeland, which gave us Serbs its first powerful and recognized kingdom..."
Not half, 28%
barely 15seconds in and theres already big glaring, and really inexcusable, mistake( I hope, or its misinformation to make, for some reason, the war events like occupation by central powers seem more reprehensible that it actually was)
Montenegrin monarch did proclaim himself king in 1910 but country itself was independent at least since mid 19th century, and one can even argue Montenegro, or the core part of it, was independent all the way since 16th century. For historian, or even history teacher, thats quite huge to get the independence date wrong by half century at least.
PS just noticed the same nonsense about becoming independent in 1910 is written in the description below as well, so I guess theres no point keep watching, im interested what happened there during WW1, as its mostly overlooked theatre of the war, but now I can't be sure if what im told actually happened or is just someones fanfiction.
In case I'm wrong I stand corrected. Don't really get the irritation that speaks from your comment. You stated you stopped watching but by the length of your reply I you could've watched the video two times. I assume you wanted to vent some? Hope you have a nice day.
You can check my sources below the video.
@@HistoryHustle He sounds a little arrogant, but the man is right. Montenegro was officially recognized as independent by the Congress of Berlin in 1878, but de facto it was independent throughout the whole 19th century, and perhaps even before that.
1:57 Mistake. Archiduke Franz Ferdinand did not shot by "Serbian nationalist". The freedom fighter Gavrilo Princip never declared himself as Serbian Nationalist and he did not start WW1. Austro-Hungarian by declared war on Serbia started WW1. After that Montenegro declared war to Austro-Hungary.
Believe he was.
@@HistoryHustle Princip was nationalist. But Yugoslav nationalist. I have also evidence for that.
@@HistoryHustle There's a whole bunch of evidences for Princip's Yugoslav nationalism, also Yugoslav nationalism was deeply inrooted in "Mlada Bosna" organization, of which himself was a member. Members were Serbs, Bosniaks and Croats - in order of number (Serbs were treated as a 2nd or 3rd class citizens when AH annexed Bosnia, Muslims also, perhaps that was a reason of them being in greater number taking part in organization)
What was Montenegro when slaves weren’t here
omg it was illyrian territory it means Albanian
I see.
@@HistoryHustleyou see what, history that’s started in 1920 when slaves came in Albanian territories
Interesting I agree and I think they’re still coming
montenegro always in history be like: 😴😪😴😪😴😪
Not really thay fought in a first balkan war, in a second balkan war and in ww1 so its not like that
Montenegro - Serbian Sparta
🇷🇸🇲🇪☦️
They fought brave.
No ivan, Montenegro is Montenegro
Montenegro is Montenegro! Not serbian but Montenegrin. Please stop saying nonsense.
@@mijatnikcevic6634 It's so cute how you need to justify it so hard to prove your point. It's kinda sad and pathetic. How's Milo, by the way? It's wonderful to see Podgorica filled with Serbian flags again. Just like in good old times. Next is Cetinje, old capital of Serbian Montenegro. 🤗
@@Povest1389 You are delusional just dream, same as you will go to Kosovo, I wish you good luck with that hahaha. He seems well , he lost place of president but that is what is happening in democracies, unlike in Serbia. If some very backward people were waving tricolors in Podgorica it's not proving anything, only that some of our citizens are not well with their head and are living in stories of past that are mostly wrong. Btw you can check what the new president they were celebrating is saying today, everything opposite of what they were celebrating . :)
Go and make videos about something else and leave our history to us.
Ok.
@@HistoryHustle who gives you the right to talk about history you know nothing about
FIrst of all, you have showed Montenegrin flag wrong. Flag was red with a white golden eagle, this flag is a product of sick serbian propaganda, it was never used as a state flag. Second Montenegro was not young nation. It is a nation that was never conquered by Ottomans, its history spans thousand years before. When there was no one in the Balkans except Ottomans and Venetians, Montenegro existed, long before Serbia, long before modern Greece, long before Bulgaria etc... In WWI we fought in that bravely to help our Serbian brothers and sisters, and we died for them, and they returned us a favor with backstabbing us and destroying our country. My great-grandfather fought in Christmas uprising, not because he was for king as serbs are trying to show, but because he was Montenegrin and he fought for motherland that serbs took and betrayed.
Also to add, battle of Mojkovac was won, and it was one of the best led battles in WWI, considering sizes and equipement of the opponents. Unfortunately in battle of Lovcen our army retreated, because of incapability of Kings son, who actually never carred for the army. King, scared for his own wealth had left the country, and had left Montenegrin people without a head. Montenegro could have retreated to Corfu, but Serbian betrayal and incapability of the old King had sealed our fate. After 1918 Serbia took our country, destroyed our church, and still today in modern independent Montenegro, they have power over our church and with all the force they are fighting against Montenegrin nation, identity, church and not to forget stealing our history and culture, portraying it as their own.
Cope harder, Milogorac.
King Nicholas I had developed good marriage politics for his children.
His daughter Jelena/Elena was married for the Italian King, thus becoming the Italian Queen in 1900.
When Italo-Ottoman war started in 1911, Balkan Alliance was formed to attack the Ottomans too.
Montenegro was the first country of the Balkan Alliance to declare war on Ottomans by attacking first on Oct 8th 1912 , on the Scutari.
They didn't have artillery, so they have to wait for the Serbian artillery to be transported by the Greek Navy, with Serbian infantry coming the ground way.
Only then Scutary could be wan.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elena_of_Montenegro
Stjepan Sarkotić "Freihher Von Lovćen" was occupation governor of Montenegro from 1916-1918!
Thanks for sharing.
@@HistoryHustle You welcome!
Serbia was conquered beacuse of Bulgarian Attack yes ,but because of the German attack too. German Kaiser took the things in his hands and send his best general Macenzen to break the Serbs. King Nicolas of Montenegro was a Serb from the Serbian dinasty Petrovic Njegos.
Believe Serbia was attacked by Bulgaria..
Montenegro is the smallest nation with the biggest history in the world proud to be montenegrin 🇲🇪🇲🇪🇲🇪
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