Electron transport chain ( ETC ) and Oxidative phosphorylation : Biochemistry Dr G Bhanu Prakash

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Electron transport chain ( ETC ) and Oxidative phosphorylation
Electron Transport Chain
Electron transport chain: uses NADH and FADH2 electrons (from glycolysis, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, and the citric acid cycle) to form a proton gradient, coupled to oxidative phosphorylation, that drives the production of ATP
The ETC (electron transport chain) is composed of 5 multi-enzyme complexes, numbered I-V, that accept and donate electrons while molecular oxygen, O2, is the final electron acceptor
Mobile electron carriers, such as cytochrome c and coenzyme Q, shuttle electrons between various enzyme complexes of the ETC
Primary NADH electron transport system: malate-aspartate shuttle, which transports NADH electrons to complex 1 in the mitochondria.
Less commonly used NADH electron transport system: glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle
Theoretically: 1 NADH yields 3 ATP and 1 FADH2 yields 2 ATP (because FADH2 electrons are transferred to complex II, a lower energy level than NADH)
However, since NADH from glycolysis needs to be transported into the mitochondria and the mitochondrial membrane "leaks" protons, the actual yields are smaller
As electrons flow through the ETC, protons (H+) are pumped into the mitochondrial inter-membrane space → this creates an electrochemical protein gradient
ATP Synthase (Complex V): uses the electrochemical proton gradient created by the ETC to pump protons (H+) back into the mitochondrial matrix to produce ATP from ADP and Pi
Toxins that disrupt any component of the ETC disrupt the aerobic production of ATP → tissues that depend highly on aerobic respiration, such as the CNS and the heart are particularly affected
Amobarbital (known as amytal) and rotenONE bind to NADH dehydrogenase (complex 1) → directly inhibit electron transport
Antimycin A binds to cytochrome c reductase (complex III) → directly inhibits electron transport
Carbon monoxide and Cyanide bind to Cytochrome C oxidase (complex IV) → directly inhibit electron transport
Oligomycin (a macrolide) inhibits ATP synthase (complex V) by blocking its proton channel
2,4-Dinitrophenol and ↑ doses of aspirin increase the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane → ↓ proton gradient and ↑ oxygen consumption → heat generated instead of ATP (explains the fever generated following toxic doses of aspirin)
Thermogenin in brown fat is an uncoupling agent that disrupts the proton gradient → used to generate heat in animals
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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:- instagram.com/drgbhanuprakash
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[@avishekdas2022]

Probably it's THE BEST video on RUclips on ETC

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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This is the best best best vdeo on RUclips...i never see this much leve exolwntation vdeo on yt in thsi topic

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Thank you so much

[@chrischukwuma6469]

By far the best ETC explaination i have seen on youtube. As a biochemist the key to understanding the principle of ETC is havig good kowlegde of how redox potentials affect electron transport, and here is someone who took time out to lay that foudation. I have sent to so many of my friends having problems understanding ETC.

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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Thanks sir
For making such a tough topic so easy
U r great teacher

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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Great way of Teaching Through Diagrams and Animations...🔥

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Tysm

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May Allah reward u for this amazing masterpiece👍🏻

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Many many thanks

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I have watched tons of videos on ETP. This is by far the best video. Thank you so much for taking the time to educate us. Awesome

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Ur most welcome

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Tysm

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

TYSM

[@_just_dreamer5560]

Thq sir just because of you I was able to clear ETC. I was really struggling to understand this.. 💜thq so much sir 🦋

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Most welcome 😊

[@healthylifestyle1565]

The best ever explanation for this topic. Thanks Dr. God bless you Sir.

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@sanskritx]

Thank you so much for such a lucid and yet detailed lecture! ...i wish i had a teacher like you when i did medical school in 1986! ...ETC is the essence of life....and it is important & fascinating to try and understand it! Thank you once again...this is one of the best talks on the topic!

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Ur most welcome and thank you for watching

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... Most authentic & best explanation on u tube... For ETS CYCLE

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Thank you so much for liking

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Tysm

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U safe my SDL for oxidative phosphorylation .. Thank u sir.. Wish u make others videos as well..

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thanks for this video sir .you are succeeded that we have understood sir.

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

It's my pleasure

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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Excellent lecture but to some extent technology made it easy to explain,,,thanku sir

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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This video urged me to comment immediately .
Thank you Prof!

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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Thank u sir...today I clearly got to know why it is 2.5 in case of NADH and 1.5 in case of FADH2

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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God bless you a lot sir✨✨

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Glad it was helpful!

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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Gives this much complete explaination of this comlpecated topic
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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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Tysm

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excellent

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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Thankyou very much sir
But sir, complex 2 why don't transport proton

[@prajwal_1402]

The best
3000 times best than our bioche lecture

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Tysm

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Very clear explanation.. Thank you sir!!

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Glad you liked it

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Thank you so much sir. Love and Best wishes From Bangladesh ❤️

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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Ever I seen

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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Best Explanation ...

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You deserve a gold star.

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

TYSM for appreciation

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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sir where from these protons come which r pumped into intermembrane space

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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Love from Tripura
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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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