Electron transport chain ( ETC ) and Oxidative phosphorylation : Biochemistry Dr G Bhanu Prakash
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- Опубликовано: 6 сен 2024
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Electron transport chain ( ETC ) and Oxidative phosphorylation
Electron Transport Chain
Electron transport chain: uses NADH and FADH2 electrons (from glycolysis, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, and the citric acid cycle) to form a proton gradient, coupled to oxidative phosphorylation, that drives the production of ATP
The ETC (electron transport chain) is composed of 5 multi-enzyme complexes, numbered I-V, that accept and donate electrons while molecular oxygen, O2, is the final electron acceptor
Mobile electron carriers, such as cytochrome c and coenzyme Q, shuttle electrons between various enzyme complexes of the ETC
Primary NADH electron transport system: malate-aspartate shuttle, which transports NADH electrons to complex 1 in the mitochondria.
Less commonly used NADH electron transport system: glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle
Theoretically: 1 NADH yields 3 ATP and 1 FADH2 yields 2 ATP (because FADH2 electrons are transferred to complex II, a lower energy level than NADH)
However, since NADH from glycolysis needs to be transported into the mitochondria and the mitochondrial membrane "leaks" protons, the actual yields are smaller
As electrons flow through the ETC, protons (H+) are pumped into the mitochondrial inter-membrane space → this creates an electrochemical protein gradient
ATP Synthase (Complex V): uses the electrochemical proton gradient created by the ETC to pump protons (H+) back into the mitochondrial matrix to produce ATP from ADP and Pi
Toxins that disrupt any component of the ETC disrupt the aerobic production of ATP → tissues that depend highly on aerobic respiration, such as the CNS and the heart are particularly affected
Amobarbital (known as amytal) and rotenONE bind to NADH dehydrogenase (complex 1) → directly inhibit electron transport
Antimycin A binds to cytochrome c reductase (complex III) → directly inhibits electron transport
Carbon monoxide and Cyanide bind to Cytochrome C oxidase (complex IV) → directly inhibit electron transport
Oligomycin (a macrolide) inhibits ATP synthase (complex V) by blocking its proton channel
2,4-Dinitrophenol and ↑ doses of aspirin increase the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane → ↓ proton gradient and ↑ oxygen consumption → heat generated instead of ATP (explains the fever generated following toxic doses of aspirin)
Thermogenin in brown fat is an uncoupling agent that disrupts the proton gradient → used to generate heat in animals
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Probably it's THE BEST video on RUclips on ETC
Thank you so much 💓
Ya really
Not probably. This is the best.
Ak lectures are more elanborated
Not probably sure
The topic becomes interesting when the teacher really wants the students to accumulate knowledge. And Bhanu Prakash is the best example🙏. Thank you sir
Thank u so much
Superb
Amazing content , superb teaching skills, I give it up to Indian teachers, you guys are the best!
Tysm
This is the best best best vdeo on RUclips...i never see this much leve exolwntation vdeo on yt in thsi topic
Thank you so much
By far the best ETC explaination i have seen on youtube. As a biochemist the key to understanding the principle of ETC is havig good kowlegde of how redox potentials affect electron transport, and here is someone who took time out to lay that foudation. I have sent to so many of my friends having problems understanding ETC.
Tysm 🙏🙏🙏
This channel should have 1M subscribers...Such a Great Teacher..❤️..Wish every teacher followed him❤️😊
🙏🙏🙏 tysm
Thanks sir
For making such a tough topic so easy
U r great teacher
Thank you so much ...
Great way of Teaching Through Diagrams and Animations...🔥
Tysm
May Allah reward u for this amazing masterpiece👍🏻
Many many thanks
I have watched tons of videos on ETP. This is by far the best video. Thank you so much for taking the time to educate us. Awesome
Ur most welcome
I really can't thank you enough sir .... such a tough topic to understand..yet u made it look so easy... this is best channel on RUclips 100%
Thank u so much for your kind words
Wow such a best lecture I ever had.i think my teacher should watch his video before he enters the class.just wow
Tysm
The level of brilliancy in this explanation is truly unmatched... Tysm Sir! 🙏🏻
Tysm
OMG..How nicely u explained i was trying to learn it from one year but it was very tough now only it become easy after watching ur video..Really its next level of teaching
Tysm
You are amazing ,thank u so much sir for clearing the unresolved mystery of ETC to us
🤝🤝🤝😀😀😀 great appreciation
Tq so much sir, actually I Was too Confused about it From my+2days!! I'm taking Medical coaching though I haven't understood it in My classes!! Actually ur way of teaching along with those diagrams is so PerFect!
Science is not boring and difficult ,if u get a teacher like him 😍
TYSM
Thq sir just because of you I was able to clear ETC. I was really struggling to understand this.. 💜thq so much sir 🦋
Most welcome 😊
The best ever explanation for this topic. Thanks Dr. God bless you Sir.
thank u so much
Thank you so much for such a lucid and yet detailed lecture! ...i wish i had a teacher like you when i did medical school in 1986! ...ETC is the essence of life....and it is important & fascinating to try and understand it! Thank you once again...this is one of the best talks on the topic!
Ur most welcome and thank you for watching
Superb... Content sirji
... Most authentic & best explanation on u tube... For ETS CYCLE
Thank you so much for liking
Your body language is better than better
thank u so much
Sir, I found you the best on yt for anatomy and biochem.... Thank you sir
Thanks and welcome.
I think it is the best video for biochem
Tysm
U safe my SDL for oxidative phosphorylation .. Thank u sir.. Wish u make others videos as well..
thanks for this video sir .you are succeeded that we have understood sir.
It's my pleasure
Best video on ETC thank you sir
Tysm
Thank you sir....best video
Tysm
This is the best video on ETC thank you sir for the lucid explanation🔥
Most welcome!
Best!
Excellent lecture but to some extent technology made it easy to explain,,,thanku sir
Thank u mam
This video urged me to comment immediately .
Thank you Prof!
Ur most welcome
Thank u sir...today I clearly got to know why it is 2.5 in case of NADH and 1.5 in case of FADH2
Great to hear that 👍
Iam so thankful to you ;)
Glad I found your video you just fitted the EtC in my mind
God bless you a lot sir✨✨
Glad it was helpful!
very easy and clear explanation must watch .
Thank you so much
Thank God I am opportuned to watch this. Thank Sir for your effort and time commited here
Tysm
Very nice explanation 👌 sir ji..
Tysm
Excellent presentation sir I have ever seen with this clarity explaination sir
Glad to hear that
Thanks a lot sir 🌼 u just save my life✨ ur teaching way is just amazing...
God bless you sir 🌼❤
🤝🤝🤝
Very nice sir..I hv downloaded your vdo
Thank u so much
Thank you sir for making this topic so easy
most welcome
Thank u so much sir
Gives this much complete explaination of this comlpecated topic
Now I'm so familiar with this topic
Nice to hear
It's excellent explanation sir,thank you
Most welcome
The best explanation ever
Tysm
Thank you so much sir ..
Very well explained...
Most welcome
i want to thank for your effort and wish good luck for you .
🤝🤝🤝
best video on ETC
Tysm
Very nice work and very well explained....! Highly appreciated 👍👍
Tysm
Super explained
Ilanti explaination never before and ever after.
Haha thank u so much
U r amazing sir😊😊
Thank u so much
Wow amazing video🤩
Glad you liked it
Best explanation ever heard
tysm
Very neatly explained each step, i liked it. Thank you sir 🙏🙏🙏
You are most welcome
GREAT. ANALYSIS. SIR
Best video and best explanation on ETC sir
Tysm
Tomorrow Is my exam. Thank you so much sir. ❤❤
Good luck!
Ur best❤
Really good 👍
Best video lecture on ETC 🌟
Keep watching
Really amazing sir u are !! Explained clearly
Tysm
Best explanation of ETS ever seen
Tysm
excellent
Highly explainatory content easy to understand thank you so much sir god bless
Ur most welcome
Thankyou very much sir
But sir, complex 2 why don't transport proton
The best
3000 times best than our bioche lecture
thank you so much .......
excellent sir , best explanation
Tysm ji 🙏
Best video I have ever seen.thank you so much sir ..I just awesome video...
Tysm
@@doctorbhanuprakash you are most welcome 🥰 sir
Very clear explanation.. Thank you sir!!
Glad you liked it
Thank you so much sir. Love and Best wishes From Bangladesh ❤️
You are most welcome
Amazing explanation 👏👌👍
Ever I seen
Tysm
Best Explanation ...
Tysm
You deserve a gold star.
TYSM for appreciation
Best best best ✨✨
Bestest video on this topic 💛
Tysm
Great explanation sir 🙌
Thanks and welcome
thanks sir. u made ETC so easy for me..
Best♥️
Super explanation and brilliant animation..
TYSM
Very nice explanation sir 👌
Tysm
Sir u r life saver
Thank u
sir where from these protons come which r pumped into intermembrane space
Thank you so much for this outstanding video on ETC.
Glad you enjoyed it!
Very good understandable video..... thanks sir
🤝🤝🤝
Splendid presentation 👏 thankyou sir
Tysm
Sir you have next level of teaching 🔥💞
Tysm
Excellent
Thanks sir ....very helpful ❤️
Most welcome
Thank you
Thank you very much sir
Ur most welcome
Thank you so much sir
Love from Tripura
The problem on ETS has just gone
You are most welcome
Best lecture on ETC
Tysm
Superb
Thank u
Fabulous sir 👏👏👏👏
Tysm
Nice explaination❤️✨
Tysm
Excellent 👌😌🙌👏👏👏
Tqsm
Really helpful
Tysm sir
Ur most welcome
Thank you sir
Welcome
Best video
Tysm
Well explained sir very very useful
🤝🤝🤝