🎯 Key Takeaways for quick navigation: 00:17 🧬 *The electron transport chain occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane, specifically in the folded structures called cristae.* 01:40 🔄 *The process starts with glycolysis, converting glucose to pyruvate, and further to acetyl coenzyme A, generating NADH and FADH2 in the Krebs cycle.* 04:53 ⚡ *NADH and FADH2, carrying high-energy electrons, enter the electron transport chain, starting with NADH being oxidized to NAD+.* 06:57 🔄 *Coenzyme Q (Q) receives electrons from NADH and is reduced to QH2, then passes electrons to complex 3 (cytochrome B) in the chain.* 10:57 ⚙️ *Complex 1 (NADH dehydrogenase) and Complex 2 (Succinate dehydrogenase) pass electrons down the chain, with Complex 1 pumping protons into the intermembrane space.* 14:03 🔄 *QH2 passes electrons to cytochrome B, pumping more protons, and then hands off electrons to cytochrome C, continuing the chain.* 18:07 🔗 *Cytochrome C transfers electrons to cytochrome oxidase (Complex 4), leading to the final step where oxygen is involved, forming water.* 22:46 🌬️ *Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, forming water when combined with electrons and protons.* 23:40 ⚡ *Energy released during electron transfer at complex 4 is used to pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane.* 27:34 🔄 *Protons are pumped out at Complex 1, Complex 3, and Complex 4, contributing to a higher proton concentration in the intermembrane space than the mitochondrial matrix.* 28:30 📊 *Proton concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane establishes a concentration gradient, a crucial aspect in ATP synthesis.* 28:57 🔄 *NADH produced in glycolysis needs a specific mechanism to enter mitochondria for electron transport, a topic to be covered in the next video.* Made with HARPA AI
It's so sad that I only got to know u in the night of my exam!! u r soooooo sooooooooooooo soooooooooooooo amazing! and it's totally frustrating that the viewer's umber is so low, I rlly wish u all the luck from the bottom of my heart cuz u most defenetly deserve it! you are just AMAZING!
I have to say, it took me some time to realize that the NADH gives one proton to FMN, but i was confused as to why it was FMNH2 and not FMNH since it's getting one proton and 2 electrons from NADH. And in the video he doesn't explain where he got the second proton from. I finally understood that the NADH actually combines with a proton from the matrix which has an abundance of protons. So it's NADH + H+ to FMN = FMNH2.
@@gosiascios6720 Hydronium ions in the mitochondrial matrix will give up their H+ proton, complex II also generates additional H+ protons which the other three will pump :)
BORN TO TEACH. PERIOD. Thank you a lot Sir, I nearly quit the understanding of ETC but you've made this topic the easiest one you could ever get. GOD will richly bless you.😍😍🥰
Literally a life saver . If all lecturers taught like you medschool would be a 100 times easier, 6 years later and you’re still saving the world. Truly not all superheroes wear capes. Some set up a RUclips channel and teach millions of students biochemistry . Thank you ❤❤❤❤
You helped me with Immunology and now Biochemistry, my god what would I be without your videos...I always draw with you and now I can even explain the things myself! You are the best teacher and I will be thankfull forever...telling all my friends you exist
I studying this for 3 years just for exam amd forgot it and read it again ..... Now I underdstood at peak level I wish that should have more viewers.... !!!!!!
I'm blown away by your explanation sir. I have urge to show this to my biochem teacher and scream she needs to explain it like this instead of just using smart board in the classroom. I swear you explain so clearly and you enjoy it too. I loved it sir, tha kyiu so much 😭❤🔥
If you can teach all this stuff so well and so elegantly, and that too almost in no time, I can only imagine how much effort you put in to this! Thank you a lot! ❤️
the best thing about your teaching is that it seems like 'the things were meant to happen that way', so easy explaination....I tell all of my friends to subscribe ur channel....thank u....Love from India
I have a degree in biochemistry from UC Berkeley. This is one of the best descriptions and elaborations of the ETC (OxPhos) I have ever seen. Kudos to you. And ... it shows NADH (and FAD) not NAD+ are critical. Also show the need for Fe (Iron).
as someone with adhd who finds it hard to concentrate in 2 hours lectures, i can't thank you enough for your incredibly well-made videos. you're helping so many future doctors, thank you Sir!
I've watched countless videos and no one comes close to explaining the ETC as well as you do. Once I get those stacks, I will be sure to donate to your channel.
Very well, its amazing explanation. But the textbooks are more complicated. At complex 1, FMNH2 pass electrons to Fe-S clusters then to CoQ. Complex 3 has Q cycle mechanism to passes electrons, then at complex 4 electrons-> CuA -> heme a -> heme a3 -> CuB -> O2 and water molecule formed What an amazing complicated proccess
i regret only coming across your channel this year. your channel would have helped me had a solid foundation of different pathways before id gone off to college. happy that i found u now tho great work!
Wow this video was amazing! I’m actually so excited after watching it! I’m looking forward to starting Med school this September! (In 32 days 1st learning session)! Love from 🇬🇧 ! I’m heading to part 2 of this vid!!!
14:40 actually the ETC is started either by NADH+H or by FADH2 not both of them give electrons at the same time. So there are not 2 CoQ but the CoQ can get electrons from 2 different sources.
I cant understand why this channel has so less views...There are so many fucking videos in you tube with no proper explanations...This video deserves a million views.....
You are awesome. No one teaches biochemistry like that. Kudos! Keep going ahead👍.Thanks for sharing your knowledge. You deserve all the praise and glory.
Hi how are you, kindly help me to answer this question John eats a meal at 08:00 hrs, then starved for 22 hours. Explain how the Hormones after a meal lead to Fatty acid synthesis and further how after starving for 22 hours leads to Beta Oxidation. Additionally, illustrate the process of fatty acid synthesis. Assuming the fatty acid has 17 carbons, explain the entire process of beta oxidation of this fatty acid to produce CO2 and H2O and finally calculate the energy generated from this Fatty Acid.
9:11, I am confused that Zach, because you said whenever there is dehydrogenase, we should be FORMING NADH or sometimes FADH2, but here we are burning NADH.
This is only my own guess.. I think the protons might stay in the matrix, to maybe control the concentrations of protons in matrix and in intermembrane space.
Your video is helpful as usual Just one problem complex II isn't supposed to have FMN as a component and it's not the reverse of krebs cycle reaction. It's the same and CoQ take the hydrogen directly from FADH2 it's mentioned like this in our book and in lippincott's too.
4 years ago, and medical students up until today are still surviving with this. We can't thank you enough sir
Honestly
2024 and stillll
@@dysprosiumdead5078have a test in 2 days😂😂😂
@@tumelomoetsana6991 mine is tomorrow
Still....
🎯 Key Takeaways for quick navigation:
00:17 🧬 *The electron transport chain occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane, specifically in the folded structures called cristae.*
01:40 🔄 *The process starts with glycolysis, converting glucose to pyruvate, and further to acetyl coenzyme A, generating NADH and FADH2 in the Krebs cycle.*
04:53 ⚡ *NADH and FADH2, carrying high-energy electrons, enter the electron transport chain, starting with NADH being oxidized to NAD+.*
06:57 🔄 *Coenzyme Q (Q) receives electrons from NADH and is reduced to QH2, then passes electrons to complex 3 (cytochrome B) in the chain.*
10:57 ⚙️ *Complex 1 (NADH dehydrogenase) and Complex 2 (Succinate dehydrogenase) pass electrons down the chain, with Complex 1 pumping protons into the intermembrane space.*
14:03 🔄 *QH2 passes electrons to cytochrome B, pumping more protons, and then hands off electrons to cytochrome C, continuing the chain.*
18:07 🔗 *Cytochrome C transfers electrons to cytochrome oxidase (Complex 4), leading to the final step where oxygen is involved, forming water.*
22:46 🌬️ *Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, forming water when combined with electrons and protons.*
23:40 ⚡ *Energy released during electron transfer at complex 4 is used to pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane.*
27:34 🔄 *Protons are pumped out at Complex 1, Complex 3, and Complex 4, contributing to a higher proton concentration in the intermembrane space than the mitochondrial matrix.*
28:30 📊 *Proton concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane establishes a concentration gradient, a crucial aspect in ATP synthesis.*
28:57 🔄 *NADH produced in glycolysis needs a specific mechanism to enter mitochondria for electron transport, a topic to be covered in the next video.*
Made with HARPA AI
Super help
And the Teacher of the decade award goes to...
century*
History*
@@Nxtdoorguy
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@@alaabdelhamed9114 il
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@@Pro0osh can f
It's so sad that I only got to know u in the night of my exam!! u r soooooo sooooooooooooo soooooooooooooo amazing! and it's totally frustrating that the viewer's umber is so low, I rlly wish u all the luck from the bottom of my heart cuz u most defenetly deserve it! you are just AMAZING!
+Marwa Dante wow!!! Thank you so much for your super kind words they mean so much!!! I wish you the best of luck in your future endeavors!!!!
Thank you so much! Please spread the word about this channel. We really appreciate your support 👍
Thak yo best of luck to you too ^_^ and you will make it big! I'm sure of it cuz u deserve it
@@NinjaNerdOfficial It is amazing how the multiply levels of complexities of life points to a creator !
*God !*
Wow
I have to say, it took me some time to realize that the NADH gives one proton to FMN, but i was confused as to why it was FMNH2 and not FMNH since it's getting one proton and 2 electrons from NADH. And in the video he doesn't explain where he got the second proton from. I finally understood that the NADH actually combines with a proton from the matrix which has an abundance of protons. So it's NADH + H+ to FMN = FMNH2.
yes NADH, H
nice thanks for this :>
Thanks, this had me confused for a minute, too!
if so, where the proton that is being pumped out comes from:(? if we pass to protons on fmn
@@gosiascios6720 Hydronium ions in the mitochondrial matrix will give up their H+ proton, complex II also generates additional H+ protons which the other three will pump :)
BORN TO TEACH. PERIOD. Thank you a lot Sir, I nearly quit the understanding of ETC but you've made this topic the easiest one you could ever get. GOD will richly bless you.😍😍🥰
Literally a life saver . If all lecturers taught like you medschool would be a 100 times easier,
6 years later and you’re still saving the world. Truly not all superheroes wear capes. Some set up a RUclips channel and teach millions of students biochemistry . Thank you ❤❤❤❤
You helped me with Immunology and now Biochemistry, my god what would I be without your videos...I always draw with you and now I can even explain the things myself! You are the best teacher and I will be thankfull forever...telling all my friends you exist
interesting that u are taking immunology before biochemistry haha
@@zzoldd I just like Immunology more than Biochem so I took the exam later :)
@@zzoldd I’m taking both at the same time bruhh
@@sanja4890 i'm 77 & non-student & I ENJOY!!!
كل الكلام والوصف قليل بحقك حرفيا اعجز عن وصفك شكرا من القلب 🙏🤍
في الدقيقة 8:46 لماذا FMN اصبح FMNH2 على الرغم من انه اخذ الهيدروجين من NADH و ليس NADH2
الH الاضافيه من الmatrix aqueous solution
You know it's hella information when the ninja nerd needs a part 2 and 3...God save us all😂😂😂
The best explanations ever seen on ETC
You´re saving my academic life at this point
I studying this for 3 years just for exam amd forgot it and read it again ..... Now I underdstood at peak level I wish that should have more viewers.... !!!!!!
I'm blown away by your explanation sir. I have urge to show this to my biochem teacher and scream she needs to explain it like this instead of just using smart board in the classroom. I swear you explain so clearly and you enjoy it too. I loved it sir, tha kyiu so much 😭❤🔥
You are a GPA saver ...u saved me ....6 hours more to write my midsem ...thank you. ..I wish my biochemistry teacher was like u😢😢😢😢
If you can teach all this stuff so well and so elegantly, and that too almost in no time, I can only imagine how much effort you put in to this! Thank you a lot! ❤️
the best thing about your teaching is that it seems like 'the things were meant to happen that way', so easy explaination....I tell all of my friends to subscribe ur channel....thank u....Love from India
singlehandedly saving my degree by helping me understand Biochemistry
Weirdly, this is the beeeeeeeeeeeeest teacher ever!! He knows how to transfer the information!!! We can't thank you enough sir
I have a degree in biochemistry from UC Berkeley. This is one of the best descriptions and elaborations of the ETC (OxPhos) I have ever seen. Kudos to you. And ... it shows NADH (and FAD) not NAD+ are critical. Also show the need for Fe (Iron).
as someone with adhd who finds it hard to concentrate in 2 hours lectures, i can't thank you enough for your incredibly well-made videos. you're helping so many future doctors, thank you Sir!
professor turn-ons: black markers ....
.
.
but man srsly...you a lifesaver..i just love your style so much.
This man here saved my whole life we literally need this in almost every module in med school!!! Thank you🙏🙏
I've watched countless videos and no one comes close to explaining the ETC as well as you do. Once I get those stacks, I will be sure to donate to your channel.
Most of the profs in my uni cannot teach. Thank you for your videos. They are so helpful!
I’ve been interested in biochemistry since I watched your videos 😍😍☺️
Very well, its amazing explanation.
But the textbooks are more complicated.
At complex 1, FMNH2 pass electrons to Fe-S clusters then to CoQ.
Complex 3 has Q cycle mechanism to passes electrons, then at complex 4 electrons-> CuA -> heme a -> heme a3 -> CuB -> O2 and water molecule formed
What an amazing complicated proccess
You're the GOAT! Getting me thru med school biochem thanks so much man :)
You are really great
I didnt even understand when my teacher teaches
Thanks to you i will get good scores in metabolism
I am dentistry student and I was not able to understand this subject but thanks to you I understood very well THANK YOU SO MUCH
we looooovvvvvve you man, I'm a medical student and can't imagine my second and third year how terrible they would be without you guys
Thankful for you King. You’ve helped me bounce back in biochem 🎉
Your videos have gotten me through my last undergrad semester between animal physiology and biochem. Literally thank you so much
Best biochem videos on The internet! Thank you so much
You are great Dr Zach!!!
u r ma professor
for my hole semeter.
thank u sooooo much .
I watched all the videos.
The comments here are years ago but the videos are still helpful till date. Thank you Murphy
YOU GOT ME THE MOMENT I SAW YOUR VISUAL DRAWINGS! IM OFFICIALLY PART OF YOUR STUDENT NOW!!.. Haha
Literally carrying me through Biochemistry... bless you good sir
i regret only coming across your channel this year. your channel would have helped me had a solid foundation of different pathways before id gone off to college. happy that i found u now tho great work!
You make them ridiculously simple. thanks for your time and effort
Wow this video was amazing! I’m actually so excited after watching it! I’m looking forward to starting Med school this September! (In 32 days 1st learning session)! Love from 🇬🇧 ! I’m heading to part 2 of this vid!!!
brooo please enjoy you last summer dont think about this
14:40 actually the ETC is started either by NADH+H or by FADH2 not both of them give electrons at the same time. So there are not 2 CoQ but the CoQ can get electrons from 2 different sources.
You've got yourself a new subscriber. This is great man, thanks!
I have no idea how you don't have more views on your channel! Your videos are amazing and extremely helpful!
You are an Amazing teacher!! Thank you so much!!
i cannot believe how AMAZING your videos are
"Okay, I'll take the potato"
- Oxygen, 2017
"O.K. I'll take the potato" That gave me the laugh I needed right about now Haha!
This guy is the grown ben from never I have ever 💜💜best teacher ever
You make it look simple!! You got a talent man! Thank you and the team !!
my fav professor, ty
I cant understand why this channel has so less views...There are so many fucking videos in you tube with no proper explanations...This video deserves a million views.....
You are awesome. No one teaches biochemistry like that. Kudos! Keep going ahead👍.Thanks for sharing your knowledge. You deserve all the praise and glory.
Thank you for uploading and creating such beautiful content! I'm so amazed and glad to find your channel.
you are a pure talent, thanks for your great efforts bro
Thank you for making student life easier 🙏
I AM REALLY ENJOYING TO LEARN ,and the way you teach is superb ...u rock the ninja nerds
Bravo👏👏 had given up on the etc buh💃💃no explanation is better than this
👏👏👏 thanks man. Your working so hard for us
i'm preppin for my licensure exam and I'm reviewing thru these videos. very detailed and very easy to understand. thank you!
Thank you, I'll pass throught directly to second video.
You are so great
Actually you are the best ever , you make it so easy for me
seriously i love u brother.....u help me a lottttttttt ...from pakistan
I liked it before even watching it 😂
Finally got this concept. Thanks man you're a legend👏🏻
Thank you again, for wonderful, crystal clear and easy explanation. You are the best!
OMG WORDS CAN'T EXPLAIN THE GRATITUDE I HAVE FOR YOU !!
:')
Your videos are phenomenal --> saving my uni biochemistry grades! Thank you!
15:07 whenever I hear complex names..
thanks for the great explanation !
A LIVING LEGEND THANKYOU SIR
❤this is the best tutor ever 🎉
Extremely well explicated, great job!
Absolutely amazing thank you sir
Man you are a lifesaver!
Hi how are you, kindly help me to answer this question
John eats a meal at 08:00 hrs, then starved for 22 hours. Explain how the Hormones after a meal lead to Fatty acid synthesis and further how after starving for 22 hours leads to Beta Oxidation. Additionally, illustrate the process of fatty acid synthesis. Assuming the fatty acid has 17 carbons, explain the entire process of beta oxidation of this fatty acid to produce CO2 and H2O and finally calculate the energy generated from this Fatty Acid.
your a genius i watch all your RUclips videos you should put an interview up. Explaining your resume' for your teaching professional career.
you are the best i love your teaching
awsome lecture!!!!!!!!! never stop please
Thank you for the best explanation
I literally love this human
YOU ARE AMAZING !!!!!!!!!! ❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤ THANK YOUUUUUUU
you are amazing, I understand everything now
you're amazing ZACH!!!!!
9:11, I am confused that Zach, because you said whenever there is dehydrogenase, we should be FORMING NADH or sometimes FADH2, but here we are burning NADH.
best channel ever
What is your sourse about having FMN in complex 2? As for what i checked i saw that it isn't there
Hope u can help me PLZ, Thanks :)
yess I'm having the same issue
It is 11 months ago ..do you know the answer now? Im confused too
exactly i thought it was fad that was in complex 2
I love you Professor Murphy
The running animation was crazy! 8:19
Thank you so much ☝️ from India SPECIFICALLY 😁😄
Thank you very much. I am so glad to subscribe your channel. Thank you, thank you thank you.
Great lecture! One question: What happens to the protons from FADH2 after they are picked up by FMN in complex 2?
This is only my own guess.. I think the protons might stay in the matrix, to maybe control the concentrations of protons in matrix and in intermembrane space.
Super cool , liked it so much 😍❤❤❤
Professor Zarch, Thank you so much
Your video is helpful as usual
Just one problem complex II isn't supposed to have FMN as a component and it's not the reverse of krebs cycle reaction. It's the same and CoQ take the hydrogen directly from FADH2 it's mentioned like this in our book and in lippincott's too.
Nandri❤
Thank you so much, you are the best mann❤
really useful and helpful... all the information are from harper biochemistry reference
+N.C.pharma p.3 awesome! I'm so happy that we were able to help!
Very nice analysis sir
GOD BLESS YOU
Thank u for having u in our life