Mysteries of the Electron Transport Chain, Revealed in Rap!

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  • Опубликовано: 11 дек 2024

Комментарии • 909

  • @sciencemusicvideos
    @sciencemusicvideos  Год назад +3

    Guaranteed 4 or 5 in AP Bio! Free trial at Learn-Biology.com/student-free-trial

  • @colachux1
    @colachux1 7 лет назад +1335

    damn he spitting so much fire he just denatured all proteins

    • @LlFEISGREAT
      @LlFEISGREAT 6 лет назад +18

      best comment here

    • @briankrupski1517
      @briankrupski1517 6 лет назад +4

      god damnit

    • @JohnnyKnight5talker
      @JohnnyKnight5talker 6 лет назад +1

      rly? I feel ok (..?) So my proteins seem intact.

    • @hannahdivic28
      @hannahdivic28 6 лет назад +1

      😂😂😂😂

    • @doddy225
      @doddy225 6 лет назад +17

      Just laughed out loud and got dissapointed with myself for being such a fucking nerd

  • @dillonhamilton4402
    @dillonhamilton4402 8 лет назад +490

    This man yields a dope amount of kinetic energy through spitting FIRE

  • @diogogoncalves2899
    @diogogoncalves2899 8 лет назад +1023

    I want to live in a world where this is mainstream music

  • @andrewfayi9448
    @andrewfayi9448 3 года назад +54

    This takes "The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell" to a whole new level.

  • @amandahuebner2348
    @amandahuebner2348 9 лет назад +200

    I don't expect educational videos to be high quality music as well. Seriously, you knocked a=it out of the park with this one, Mr. W.

  • @kyliesmommy84
    @kyliesmommy84 2 года назад +43

    I’ve spent the entire day watching Khan Academy videos and you manage to put all of that information into 3 very catchy tunes. This is brilliant. Make an album. Downloads! 6 years later you’re still helping people!! Thank you

  • @jonfilibuster8499
    @jonfilibuster8499 10 лет назад +279

    I got a biochemistry exam tomorrow and I'm at the point where I cannot study, but I can still watch videos and maybe remember something. This was perfect!

    • @sciencemusicvideos
      @sciencemusicvideos  10 лет назад +33

      Good luck on your test, Jon!
      Mr. W

    • @GridnetGaming
      @GridnetGaming 3 года назад +9

      How was it?

    • @jonfilibuster8499
      @jonfilibuster8499 3 года назад +50

      @@GridnetGaming This was 6 years ago lol. I think it went OK I can't remember though. I'm in medical school so it all worked out

    • @narengangadharan2964
      @narengangadharan2964 3 года назад +10

      @@jonfilibuster8499 good for you Doc.

    • @kadamsingh1793
      @kadamsingh1793 2 года назад +1

      वेरी गुड

  • @deadbzeus
    @deadbzeus 4 года назад +9

    I just needed to say thank you so much for all of your videos, I am almost 32 and decided to go back to school after working at dead-end jobs my whole life. You are making me believe that I can actually do this and learn these concepts. You have made the world a better place and you are a great person. Thank you so much.

  • @digginit1356
    @digginit1356 9 лет назад +60

    you deserve a medal, or a holiday, or at least a cuddle from somebody. Thank you so much, great job!

  • @HappyMeg123
    @HappyMeg123 8 лет назад +82

    I'm in college. I'm taking a Biology Intro. class. Thank you. You are my hero.

  • @vivianabanuelos3803
    @vivianabanuelos3803 8 лет назад +48

    This is perfect. I understand the process so much better now. My professors could never explain it well enough. Excellent video and excellent channel. I've been watching your videos since last semester and they have helped SO much. Please keep going

  • @paulalobo1509
    @paulalobo1509 9 лет назад +134

    this is so helpfull as soon as i study my notes i watch your songs and it all makes sense:)

    • @sciencemusicvideos
      @sciencemusicvideos  9 лет назад +3

      +paula lobo Thanks for this awesome comment, Paula. Check out the flashcards and interactive lyrics at www.sciencemusicvideos.com/interactive-lyrics-and-flashcards-for-the-electron-transport-chain/
      Let me know what you think!
      Mr. W

    • @paulalobo1509
      @paulalobo1509 9 лет назад +7

      im about to try out the kareoke version

    • @sciencemusicvideos
      @sciencemusicvideos  9 лет назад +9

      Wow! That's awesome! Have fun!
      Mr. W

    • @mahaalenazi876
      @mahaalenazi876 7 лет назад

      paula lobo has

  • @Prothui
    @Prothui 10 лет назад +19

    Mr. W. You are the best, I'm studying my first year medicine and your music videos are the missing puzzle piece. My professor even used your videos as an example. He said it was literally everything you needed to know! Thanks alot again, you're the best!

    • @sciencemusicvideos
      @sciencemusicvideos  10 лет назад +8

      Thanks! Please spread the word to your professors and fellow students!
      Mr. W

    • @ambermay4941
      @ambermay4941 6 лет назад +1

      I'm also studying first year medicine (in Victoria) and I can't agree more! An incredibly helpful video, I'm singing along every night and showing all my friends.

  • @valeriamedina2910
    @valeriamedina2910 4 года назад +16

    Nothing like having the urge to listen to this song at 4:32 a.m

  • @Tk-br3rj
    @Tk-br3rj 9 лет назад +16

    You legend. I think you're the reason I'm going to pass my examination.

  • @Czm0
    @Czm0 9 лет назад +8

    I am in Microbiology in college and this video is very helpful. As a musician/ pre-nursing student, this is a great song to understand the Electron transport chain. I know it helped me! Thanks!

    • @sciencemusicvideos
      @sciencemusicvideos  9 лет назад

      Thank you, Carlos. Check www.sciencemusicvideos.com in a few days. I'll have interactive lyrics and flashcards on the ETC.
      Mr. W

  • @charliegordon2308
    @charliegordon2308 8 лет назад +20

    Many years ago, as a small child, I was diagnosed with an incredibly rare disease: recnac. As I lay motionless awaiting my death, my body could do nothing to turn my glucose to energy. Not until I heard this song. Something happened that day. My body changed. Hair started in all the wrong places. Yet it felt so right. Almost too right. I talked to my doctor. He said I was transcending God. So thank you sir, sincerely thank you. I am changed forever and always because of your song, and I owe you my life. Love, anonymous.

    • @rutbamemon8226
      @rutbamemon8226 7 лет назад

      lecture is so nice but bar bar ruk jata h

  • @WhoaIhaveNothinghere
    @WhoaIhaveNothinghere 10 лет назад +7

    Biology is my favorite subject, but the once the teacher explained the Electron Transport Chain to us I completely got thrown off. I then decided to look it up and learn more about it, and it so happens that your video popped up. Now that I have seen this I can enjoy class now because I understand everything that the teacher has taught us! Thank you for making this video Mr. W!

  • @carlitosbarragan9817
    @carlitosbarragan9817 5 лет назад +85

    Doctor: You have exactly 6 minutes left to live.
    Me: 0:00

  • @mariesheets3783
    @mariesheets3783 8 лет назад +1

    Mr. Wolkenfeld,
    Hello from my 7th hour biology class! We just (like a few minutes ago) watched your video and appreciate your rap. My students wanted to give you feedback:
    "This is pure fire."
    "We understand the ETC now, and think you have sick hooks--the song is stuck in our head forever. We love the video."
    -Miss Sheets & the freshman

  • @maximilianUTU
    @maximilianUTU 8 лет назад +26

    Superb!
    Genialic!
    I want the Nobel Prize for these guys!!

  • @AquilesBarroeta
    @AquilesBarroeta 10 лет назад +2

    Explains the material extreamely well ..after a few times of watching the video and writting my essay i actually understood most of what he was talking bout .his explanations are really well and he explains the subject in depth . Amazing job ama get an A in this essay cause of you

    • @sciencemusicvideos
      @sciencemusicvideos  10 лет назад +1

      Thanks, Aquiles! If you get a chance, check out the biology tutorials on www.sciencemusicvideos.com and tell me what you think!
      Mr. W

  • @connorgreig82
    @connorgreig82 9 лет назад +4

    My teacher constantly refers to your videos when he wants to teach us a concept, and I am always impressed and informed! Great job.
    --Connor G.

  • @Jesusmoon23
    @Jesusmoon23 9 лет назад +2

    This video justifies the existence of RUclips. I LOVE IT!
    --A high school biology/chemistry/physics teacher

  • @drumandball
    @drumandball 9 лет назад +87

    straight spittin fire

    • @sciencemusicvideos
      @sciencemusicvideos  9 лет назад +4

      +Isaac Pelletier Thanks Isaac. Please check out my interactive flashcards and lyrics about the ETC at www.sciencemusicvideos.com/interactive-lyrics-and-flashcards-for-the-electron-transport-chain/
      Thanks!
      Mr. W

    • @anomic4072
      @anomic4072 7 лет назад +2

      Track is fire too

  • @monaoconnell5650
    @monaoconnell5650 3 года назад

    I am finally learning about the electron transport chain. I am a 74 year old woman and whie. I never thought rap could teach someone like me anything. It proves yet again that we have so much more in common than differences.

  • @NidhiPatel-er2su
    @NidhiPatel-er2su 8 лет назад +12

    I will do so well on my MCAT cause of this, thank you! :)

  • @MsMillyna
    @MsMillyna Год назад +1

    Just wanted to let you know I've been re-visiting your videos for every biochem test from high school all the way to med school. Glycolysis, Krebs, ETC never stops showing up in exams and yours are by far the most concise, effective, and enjoyable ways to learn it. Thank you ❤

  • @joaquinaedo9271
    @joaquinaedo9271 8 лет назад +6

    Thanks a lot I was never able to understand the Electron Transport Chain until I saw you video

  • @PBKmcbain
    @PBKmcbain 5 лет назад

    I am in a 300 level physiology class in college and this was our homework for the day. What a beautiful day.

  • @elirush4566
    @elirush4566 7 лет назад +3

    the reason this song sounds so good is because its slowly hypnotizing you and taking complete control of your body

  • @WJSWczy
    @WJSWczy Год назад +1

    No song can ever replace this masterpiece!

  • @frozunyogert6159
    @frozunyogert6159 8 лет назад +74

    Oh man, this is even better than your glycolysis rap.

  • @HallieCassaday
    @HallieCassaday Год назад

    25 points of my biology final exam is writing a short essay on NADH Dehydrogenase/Complex 1 and I was completely lost until I saw this video. I'd never been able to understand what each complex does, why proteins are so important, or how ATP synthase even works. Thank you so much for both saving my grade and lifting the veil on a concept that has tripped me up for years.

  • @tamupasha5173
    @tamupasha5173 8 лет назад +21

    he makes biology awesome

    • @sciencemusicvideos
      @sciencemusicvideos  8 лет назад +2

      Wow! thanks tamu!
      Mr. W

    • @kidrigger
      @kidrigger 8 лет назад +6

      This is better than all the boring lecture slides when it comes to revision. And it gets stuck in the head... Which is awesome.

  • @parlezvousparis
    @parlezvousparis 10 лет назад +1

    My biology teacher has shown out class some of these videos and honestly they are complete grade-savers! They're entertaining, catchy and very comprehensive. Thanks for all the hard work, you're making lives easier!

  • @robertaceves8190
    @robertaceves8190 7 лет назад +3

    Amazing! I have long tried to understand the electron transport chain and you have cleared it up for me in this one video and song. I appreciate how you started very broadly and went through the entire process. The only part that I was a little unclear about at first was the turbine imagery near the end, but watched again and understood it. The video is very entertaining and the repeating chorus lyrics helped the learning sink in, which made it more fun because I actually understood more every time the lyrics repeated. I am grateful! Thank you!

  • @nicholassnyder282
    @nicholassnyder282 6 лет назад +2

    Wow this is the most creative way of teaching I've encountered.

  • @megp8277
    @megp8277 9 лет назад +3

    I am doing A levels at the moment, this is so so helpful for unit 4. Perfectly explained, thank you so much!

    • @jessicalewis5953
      @jessicalewis5953 4 года назад

      yall have a unit 4 in A levels!!!😮😮😮🤯

  • @mysterynadi
    @mysterynadi 7 лет назад +1

    this song made me understand ETC more than every other Biology book, i already passed Biology but i keep re-visiting this song to give tribute

  • @UrefutGeonsur
    @UrefutGeonsur 10 лет назад +54

    Roses are red,
    Violets are blue,
    ETC's now nice to me,
    All thanks to you!
    . . . Mr. W

    • @sciencemusicvideos
      @sciencemusicvideos  10 лет назад +14

      UrefutGeonsur
      Wow! Praise in rhyme! What could be better?
      Good luck learning biology!
      Mr. W

  • @catherineotits6870
    @catherineotits6870 4 месяца назад +1

    I've watched this over and over, it's just awesome. I grabbed the ETC process like a magic, thanks to your team.

    • @sciencemusicvideos
      @sciencemusicvideos  4 месяца назад

      So glad this helped you! Check out my website learn-biology.com for an ETC tutorial!

  • @anacedeno2104
    @anacedeno2104 6 лет назад +6

    Thanks sooo much for the great content, it helped me learn this material in minutes and now I can’t stop listening to your songs!

  • @emilymorales8490
    @emilymorales8490 7 лет назад +2

    I am in an elementary biochem class in college and this is a really good, helpful overview!! Thanks!!!

  • @RianKashfi
    @RianKashfi 10 лет назад +2

    Holy moly! Sir, your songs are high quality and to make songs that rhyme so nicely yet provide all the required information is quite commendable! :P

  • @StrawberryJamiiee
    @StrawberryJamiiee 8 лет назад

    I'm an english major taking intro to bot and this video reduces my anxiety levels about science so much. bless you and your science music, making science friendly to all

  • @sydddy147
    @sydddy147 10 лет назад +6

    Love it! Definitely going to be stuck in my head during tomorrow's exam!
    Keep it up :)

  • @piiinkDeluxe
    @piiinkDeluxe 4 года назад +1

    Studying for my Biology exam tomorrow. I used your songs about Glycolysis, Krebs cycle and this one.
    The animation in this video help to understand it better than from reading about it.
    I can now explain this in English and German, ha! 😄
    Greetings from Germany

  • @shariqkhan4372
    @shariqkhan4372 8 лет назад +5

    amazinggg video !! helped my study for my mcat. now I know protons go from matrix to intermembrane space stuck in my head 😂

  • @caitygart
    @caitygart 5 лет назад

    Thanks for this video, it's been really helpful. I'm studying in a foreign language and just have seriously struggled with the concept of the electron transport chain, was studying all night. Finally I decide "listen, I'll just watch a little video and relax" and surprise surprise, I've learned more in 6 minutes than I did the entirety of last night. Thank you Mr. W, I will do my best on my biochemistry exam tomorrow!

  • @MrNicolyss0
    @MrNicolyss0 10 лет назад +3

    I am addicted to your videos. This one is my favorite by far! I am telling everyone about this! THANK YOU :)

    • @sciencemusicvideos
      @sciencemusicvideos  10 лет назад

      Brittanie Jarrell
      Thanks you, Brittany. If you like this one, you're gonna love my Protein Synthesis! video! Check it out and let me know what you think!
      Mr. W

  • @Dragonlordniam12
    @Dragonlordniam12 5 лет назад

    My biochem professor showed us this gem. I remember watching this as a freshman but it doesn't hurt refreshing knowledge, of course!

  • @trajyx
    @trajyx 8 лет назад +7

    Thanks to this video, I'm gonna ace my report.

  • @shereenminaa
    @shereenminaa 3 года назад

    I have a biochemistry exam in 1 hour and this is the only thing that is absorbing into my brain. God bless this man

  • @rbrahmbhatt1001
    @rbrahmbhatt1001 8 лет назад +5

    This is actually VERY helpful

  • @TheVandersteve
    @TheVandersteve 3 года назад +1

    I woke up today and this was stuck in my head. I graduated college four years ago.

  • @kimotree
    @kimotree 6 лет назад +3

    HA! Very silly but its good! I had to pause it a few times and go back to fully understand it but nice work. Thank you for not ignoring complex 2 and FADH2.

  • @DoctorRapper
    @DoctorRapper 4 года назад

    Used this to learn ETC in undergrad and now again in medical school. Mr. W is a legend

  • @michaeledwardjohnson3918
    @michaeledwardjohnson3918 2 года назад +3

    I absolutely love your video and song! Thank you very much Professor!

  • @minu1522
    @minu1522 9 лет назад +1

    You ard just the best... u make me love biology more...
    The hard work u put to make these videos. Simply awesome.
    Thank you !!!

  • @afsariayaan6815
    @afsariayaan6815 9 лет назад +4

    wooopssss!!!!!!!!!!!!!! my 4 big length pages of ETS now condensed in a great song!! its reliable n fun. thanks buddy

  • @BuddhaChunk
    @BuddhaChunk 9 лет назад

    My professor will be testing us over this material in a couple of days and I must say, this is so well done. Singsong always rocks! Thank you good sir and sirs involved!

  • @samiig626
    @samiig626 6 лет назад +3

    So detailed yet so understandable!!!

  • @messyaishah
    @messyaishah 10 лет назад +1

    Hello ! Hi. I'm Aishah. I have a quiz in biochemistry this evening. Your video helps me a lot in understanding electron transport chain! My lecturer introduce this video to the whole class. Thank You! :D

  • @afypingpong2759
    @afypingpong2759 10 лет назад +5

    thanks a lot your song helps a lot i love the chorus

  • @stephaniemroz9971
    @stephaniemroz9971 10 лет назад +1

    Thank you so much! Your videos are the reason I managed to go from an 83% to a 91% in biology!

  • @pompeorendina6977
    @pompeorendina6977 8 лет назад +3

    La fosforilazione ossidativa per formare ATP sfrutta un accoppiamento CHEMIO-OSMOTICO, ovvero unione di un processo fisico( della differenza di energia potenziale) e chimico( formazione di ATP a partire da ADP) per funzionare . . . è il caso di dire " Questo modo di imparare come si forma ATP sfrutta un ottimo accoppiamento HIP HOP-Osmotico "

    • @sciencemusicvideos
      @sciencemusicvideos  8 лет назад +1

      Mi ci sono voluti un paio di giorni per superare a Google Translate per capire quello che hai detto, ma io amo questo commento!
      Grazie mille!
      Mr. W

  • @ashleybernatchez
    @ashleybernatchez 8 лет назад

    I'm taking my masters comp exam in nutrition and your videos are totally helping fully cement all these pathways in my head. Thanks so much! You are an amazing teacher.

  • @gwendolyn8425
    @gwendolyn8425 9 лет назад +4

    Haha. So awesome, and interestingly detailed.... very good, very good job sir!

  • @silkscorpion777
    @silkscorpion777 9 лет назад

    I am a senior in college( biology) and still use this video as a refresher. Awesome. Thank you Sir.

  • @hollyberi6695
    @hollyberi6695 8 лет назад +6

    Hahaha, love this. So good I sent it to my professor.

  • @cliquemusique
    @cliquemusique 10 лет назад +1

    I actually really like your songs.I'd listen to this everyday before my test. Too bad my test is tomorrow

  • @jamesgordan1575
    @jamesgordan1575 7 лет назад +3

    Why cant education be so cool.

  • @MiaNguyen207
    @MiaNguyen207 Год назад +1

    I extremely appreciate your work guys. It helps to study biology much easier.

    • @sciencemusicvideos
      @sciencemusicvideos  Год назад

      That’s awesome! I live for comments like this! Check out the description for a link to a tutorial that will really help you

  • @a.s.america
    @a.s.america 8 лет назад +3

    you're genius video maker!

  • @micronicheinternetcelebrit7512
    @micronicheinternetcelebrit7512 6 лет назад

    I want that this is mainstream music! I'm a German student and your songs are realy helpful. Tomorrow I write an exam and I think I will remember your groovy songs about cell respiration :D

  • @thismustbeme
    @thismustbeme 9 лет назад

    This has literally saved my grade as the books are overcomplicating things making them impossible to decode and understand. Thank you so very much for your videos!

    • @sciencemusicvideos
      @sciencemusicvideos  9 лет назад

      thismustbeme Thanks for your comment. Check out my website for quizzes and tutorials that might also be of use: www.sciencemusicvideos.com/quizzes.Mr. W

  • @catchick10
    @catchick10 9 лет назад +5

    This might actually be the reason I don't fail biochem!

  • @habibhassan7770
    @habibhassan7770 5 лет назад +1

    Dude this is lit. Literally i can listen this all day. I would enjoy it and would also learn the goddamn thing! Man this is gold. Things like his should be mainstream.

  • @melissafriend602
    @melissafriend602 7 лет назад +1

    Your videos are amazing. Memorizing ETC and graphs in a book can be hard and frustrating, but your videos, explain it clearly, concisely and on top of that are catchy as hell. I wish you made music videos for all of my classes :)

    • @sciencemusicvideos
      @sciencemusicvideos  7 лет назад

      Thanks, Melissa. Check out my ETC tutorial on my website: www.sciencemusicvideos.com, in the AP Biology section.
      Let me know what you think!
      Mr. W

  • @AllAspects.
    @AllAspects. 9 лет назад +5

    I watch this vid everydayyy

  • @alaashanaa2683
    @alaashanaa2683 9 лет назад +2

    You Sr. are a blessing. Thank you so much for making these videos and helping us out! I am using them for cell biology! This really helps my friends and I understand the mechanisms and over all big picture! Thank you so much!

  • @Amelia-pd5wy
    @Amelia-pd5wy 5 лет назад +3

    The only rapper Eminem is too scared to diss

  • @michaelbudhoo2901
    @michaelbudhoo2901 7 лет назад

    this is by far the most effective educational technique I've ever seen! helped my studies A LOT!

    • @sciencemusicvideos
      @sciencemusicvideos  7 лет назад +1

      Thanks, Michael! check out my cellular respiration tutorials at www.sciencemusicvideos.com/ap-biology/module-10-cellular-respiration/
      Good luck.
      Mr. W

    • @michaelbudhoo2901
      @michaelbudhoo2901 7 лет назад

      sciencemusicvideos thanks! :D

  • @kyblaze2527
    @kyblaze2527 6 лет назад +3

    I need this as my ringtone lol

  • @bernab
    @bernab 4 года назад

    I love that chord progression from the piano. Love the kinetic energy and the protons there xD

  • @lailame1344
    @lailame1344 9 лет назад +5

    This is so amazing.. Thank you so much, wish i would give you a 100 likes!!! :D

  • @saveManhattan
    @saveManhattan 8 лет назад

    Your glycolysis video helped me in college biochem, and now this one is helping me get through med school biochem! Thanks for making such a complicated topic so easy. Love the music, too. So freaking catchy!

    • @sciencemusicvideos
      @sciencemusicvideos  8 лет назад +1

      Wow! Medical school! Please tell your fellow students and professors. Also, please check my website, www.sciencemusicvideos.com. In the next few weeks. I'll be making a series of tutorials about cellular respiration.
      thanks for your comment.
      GW

    • @saveManhattan
      @saveManhattan 8 лет назад

      Excellent, I look forward to them!

  • @gsolanogsolano3761
    @gsolanogsolano3761 9 лет назад +4

    this is sick

  • @WasabiSniffer
    @WasabiSniffer 4 года назад

    i'm not sure i've ever gotten such a wonderfully corny or memorable explanation of the ETC. love it

  • @CexBot
    @CexBot 10 лет назад +3

    Доходчиво разъяснил песней

    • @sciencemusicvideos
      @sciencemusicvideos  10 лет назад +1

      Михаил Владимирович
      Спасибо!
      Mr. W

    • @CexBot
      @CexBot 10 лет назад +1

      sciencemusicvideos thank you for such an interesting video

  • @550652vols
    @550652vols 9 лет назад +1

    Thank you so much for this video. Trying to study for my final and this just ties everything I have learned together in a much easier way!

  • @schnarfel
    @schnarfel 8 лет назад +9

    that'd be cool if there was a metal version :D

    • @sutaaplatinum
      @sutaaplatinum 7 лет назад

      Alvaro Sarria I would listen to that.

  • @Caitlin-xx3te
    @Caitlin-xx3te 6 лет назад

    Remember listening to this on repeat in A levels...now in med school and still using it. Thank you so much!

  • @andrewod7487
    @andrewod7487 7 лет назад +2

    Thank you so much for producing this wonderful video

  • @MrMisteriosso
    @MrMisteriosso 8 лет назад +1

    Thank you so much for these videos! They are so extremely helpful. I haven't been understanding cellular respiration processes but you're videos have been really helping me understand everything! Never stop making videos please!!!

  • @JQ322
    @JQ322 10 лет назад +1

    I like how you hit on all the major points. I watched several ETC short videos, and none had anywhere near the same level of information as this video.
    Congrats! and Thanks!

  • @kamilantwin1
    @kamilantwin1 6 лет назад +1

    Best dmn video if you need to learn the basis of cellular respiration on electron transfer and ATP. THANK YOU!

  • @arpanawadhwani6187
    @arpanawadhwani6187 3 года назад

    i have studied this topic thousands of times, and this is the first time I've actually understood it. thankyou 😁👍🏻