Thank you so much for your videos. I recently purchased this unit and any in-depth instruction is so helpful and appreciated. Even still, after 2 yrs since you’ve made them 😊
Hello, thanks for your content. I was hoping that the insert is available when using MTR mode for mix down. It doesn’t seem to be the case. I guess I’ll have to record wet.
@@RecordingStudio9 Thanks for the response. I’m doing sub bass and kick sidechain compression, just gonna dial in the sound and lay my tracks wet. Part of going DAWless is the simplicity and commitment.
Thanks. Am hoping to buy a channel strip soon and needed to know if/how I can hookup to my tascam model 12. I'm glad it can be done because I really don't want to have to buy another interface. Much thanks!
Hey, I just watched this video and it was very helpful. For some reason the YT algo wouldn't let me reply to your comment from the other video. I tried replying several times and although my reply seemed to initially appear in the comments, then all of a sudden it just disappeared. Anyway, to answer your question, I haven't bought it yet, just downloaded the manual and read it all to get an idea of its capabilities/operation. Ideally I'd like to use the M12 as 100% standalone for live/practice synth playing and for recording a few ideas here and there. I want to avoid a DAW/Computer like the plague. Maybe because I'm intimidated as a beginner. Heard horror stories about latency issues, compatibility/drivers problems and what not. I realise that at some point I will probably have to dive in and learn about DAWs too. I have an old 2019 MacBook Pro 15 with 32GB Ram and an i9 processor setup with GarageBand, so maybe I'm overreacting and things are way simpler than I think. For now I'm just having lots of fun with some synths I have. I bought two Behringers (Poly D & MonoPoly) and a good friend of mine who is a pro player/producer loaned me two moogs for as long as I like. A little Phatty mkII and a One 8V. The little Phatty was actually the first hardware synth I played in my life and that thing sounds great. I immediately got some very familiar tones out of it. All are currently directly connected to a matched pair of Yamaha HS8s. Sorry for the long post and thanks for your efforts.
Thank you for the video. O have a question: if I connect an electric guitar on channel 1, and I wish to use an, say, overdrive pedal on insert 1, how do I connect the pedal to the Model12? The pedal has an input and an output jack, so what plug goes where? Thank you.
I have the model 12 and would like to separate my slide guitar into two separate tracks. One track would be what I call the "raw guide track" which would be in my left earphones to monitor the note I am playing before it is channeled into the main mix through both channels. This way I know the note before it is being heard in the main mix using my volume pedal for the processed sound which everyone else will hear. Since the lap steel can be touchy because of bending pitch, I would like to hear the note first in my left ear with headphones going coming out of the Model 12. I Hopefully that makes sense, and you could guide me on how to accomplish this method. Thank you in advance for any help you could give!
I can provide you with support with a $50 service fee. www.paypal.com/paypalme/RecordingStudio9/50 Once I receive the payment, I will get in touch with you via email to get more details of your problem and reply with a solution via email or Skype.
Yes you can! Select all channels but 9/10 to SUB output only. Connect the SUB outputs to an outboard stereo compressor, and the outputs of the compressor into channels 9/10, which is set to only MAIN.
What idf i want to run audio from out of my Daw through the model 12 out to a piece of external gear for processing then back into the model 12 and go back into the day with my processed audio . how do i do that?
This depends on the DAW routing and not all DAW support it. Then you feed the DAW output to Ch7/8 with channel set only to SUB Outs and Mode switch set to PC. The return from gear into inputs 7/8, that will feed back to DAW.
Thank you very much for making these extremely informative videos! I just have one question. Do you know if it's possible to midi map the EQ knobs to any VST in Ableton when using the controller mode? Thanks in advance!
Hello. Not sure I understand how to hook up a guitar pedal using the inserts. Would the guitar be plugged into the input of the pedal itself? Then the output of the pedal into one of the insert jacks? Thank you. Especially if you are still answering after 2 yrs.😊
The inserts are normally used to interconnect hardware compressors or FX devices. They are line level unbalanced output and input. Guitars normally connect to pedal and the output into the line/jack input of the channel, and set the INST switch for Hi-z instrument input.
Once again great vid on the model 12. Funnily enough I brought an external effects unit yesterday and was wondering the best way to connect it to my model 12. Looking at using with some of my external synths and recording into ableton. But thinking the AUX sends may be best for this?
Thanks. The use of inserts depends on the signal processing type. Normally, compression, eq, gate, etc, are in series (can use inserts). Effects like delay, reverb, use AUX send and return as they are in parallel with the original signal.
@@RecordingStudio9 How do I Return the AUX signal to the Model12 in this case? I'm struggling with 2 configurations... All the instruments goes to the Mixer, but I have a Boss RC505 looper and a Microcosm Pedal (Delay/Reverb) and don't know the best way to put them on Setup. I'm now sending all intruments to AUX 1 > LOOPER > Back to Mixer Channel 9/10... same with the Delay/Reverb pedal, but AUX 2 and them returning to another channel on mixer. But it seems it's not the best configuration, I loose a lot of quality on the signal chain and sometimes mess up with this send/return thing... Thanmk you very much for returning this comment.
Hi......I have another Q😊✌🏽.....Can I do this? My DAW sends audio to for ex channel 6 on the model 12....I use the aux of channels 6 to send the audio to for ex Lindell Audio LiNTEC eq. It has in and out for ts(mono plug) Ok, so from the aux I insert it in the Hardware and from the output of the hardware I connect anther cable to another channel on my model 12 so I can record it on my mixer. or send it back to my Daw.....Is this possible? Thnx for your time✌🏽
Yes you can! 1) Set Ch6 MODE to PC 2) Connect AUX1 out to hardware input and hardware output back into Ch6 line. 3) Set the Ch6 gain so you have good level. Use the Live Level meter. 4) Record using USB ch6 into your DAW This will send the audio from your DAW to USB6 out and into Ch6, then Aux out to H/W and return back to Ch6 input and USB6 in.
Can I just plug my pedal-board directly into the Input without DI to get the dry signal + effects. Is there any advantage to running it through the insert? I'm thinking about buying one of these your channel is very informative.
To record dry & wet signals, you need two channels, weather recording on the MTR or in DAW. Insert allows you to connect your guitar directly to the mixer and use non guitar effects like pedal boards.
@@RecordingStudio9 I'm not sure I follow. If I wanted to record my distorted tone like below. Guitar-->Eq Pedal-->Distortion/Boost pedal-->Input 1 vs. Guitar-->Input 1-->Insert send-->Eq Pedal--->Distortion/Boost Pedal-->Insert return It sounds like the insert would be better for Microphones. I don't understand why you would want to input gain your raw guitar signal before it hits the pedal.
hello, I ask you for information: I have 2 external effects, each has the classic line in and out (double jack for both input and output), how can I integrate it into the mixer for all the instruments i will connect to it? (so FX can be used with differently amount for all tracks and controlled by the AUX in each channel strip) how many AUX are there in the Tascam? and SEND / RETURN? On the other hand, can the internal effects be managed independently? For the rest, I need at least 12 free channels, including a voice channel. Many thanks!
You'll need to sacrifice a stereo channel - see his reply to Richard's question. It's a bummer because I'm in the same situation - need all the channels! I wish the model 16 had the digital features this has, as having 4 more channels would be so handy
Hello. If I make a recording and then apply EQ and save it as a stereo mixdown inside the Model 12, can I then load that stereo mix and then use a hardware compressor and apply it to that same mix and record that? Since the inserts are only for channels 1 & 2... 🤷🏼♂
So if you’re in usb audio interface mode, you can’t access the insert? It has to be whatever the source (my MPC) plugged into my fx box then out the fx box into the the insert socket?
@@RecordingStudio9 what if I had my MPC with my M12 as the interface and midi synced say a synth or something that was running into my multi fx into the insert at the same time? Would I hear the synth or is it completely sacrificed? Maybe this is a dumb question but I’m kinda still learning how to use and route all my gear.
I wonder if Model 12 bypasses the preamp when using the inserts or not. Do you know? I have WA73 and don’t know if it would be better to go from WA73 to line in input or use the insert.
I was wondering if anyone's experiencing the same issue as me: I have the correct Y-cabling for this, but both my inserts don't appear to be working when mixing. Are these inserts usable at the mixing stage or are they just for tracking?
Honestly, if you would have had a hands on video with a few devices like a compressor or an effects processor and we could visually see what's going on...... that would have been soooooooooooo much better.... I really need that.
Can i use an external compressor in the insert only when i record it live? I hook up an compressor with an y- cable, but it doesn t work in "mtr playback" mode..
Hi, can you advise me please?! Basically I’ve a Tascam 12, using stereo effects loop into the inserts of 1(L) and 2(R). All I’ve read up says you send from AUX 1 (mono) to either channel? Am I being thick or what?! How do I send stereo back to channels 1 and 2 if I’ve only got mono from AUX 1? In my mind I’m thinking pan AUX 1 to L, AUX 2 to R,, how do I do this? AUX 2 is only post fader? All doing my head in hehe! Any help would be appreciated thanks.
External guitar pedal: so, I'm plugging the TRS end into INSERT on the Model 12, then taking one mono end to the pedal's input, and the other mono end to the pedal's output. It sends and returns to the same insert on the M12. Is that right?
So, Is it possible to use channels 1 and 2 for tracking while the inserts are busy with a compressor? Or it is necessary not to touch those channels? Thank you
I guess my tutorial was not as easy to understand. Inserts become part of the audio signal path. While tracking, the audio from the input will pass through the insert and compressor before going to the MTR or USB. If you are using CH 1 & 2 for playback from PC or DAW, the return point is AFTER the Insert, so compressor is not in the playback audio path. Hope this helps.
As I show the cable required, the TRS, stereo end connects to the mixer insert and the other two ends, one to input and other to the output of the pedal.
hey Bro great job.is there anyway to route tracks from studio one back into the studio live for mixing. without using DAW mode? if so can you do a quick vid for us please thanks bro. Read more
I was using the inserts to add a pre-amp but I just plugged in direct to the insert from the pre-amp with the mic plugged into the input of the pre-amp. I am under the impression that you do not plug an external pre-amp into the regular input for some reason.
If you are using an external Mic Pre hardware, you would plug the Mic to it and the Mic-Pre hardware line output to the TRS line input of the mixer for balanced connection. To bypass the mixer's channel input pre-amp stage, you can use the return input of the Insert, but this is unbalanced and can add noise/interference. Hope this helps.
![Seungmin "그렇게, 천천히, 우리(As we are)" | [Stray Kids : SKZ-PLAYER]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/kAzmhLHePqU/mqdefault.jpg)
Thank you so much for your videos. I recently purchased this unit and any in-depth instruction is so helpful and appreciated. Even still, after 2 yrs since you’ve made them 😊
I’m glad you find them helpful
Thank you for making it so simple.
Have been wondering about this ever since I bought my Model 12. Really appreciated it. Thanks.
Glad to help
Thanks …picked up one to align as interface for the Akai MPC X! Can’t wait to try the inserts with TC Helicon.
It’s a great unit. Enjoy 😉
Same here. Akai MPCX and Tascsm model 12. They work together great.
Thanks!
Thanks for your support 😊
Thanks! been looking for this:)
Hello, thanks for your content. I was hoping that the insert is available when using MTR mode for mix down. It doesn’t seem to be the case. I guess I’ll have to record wet.
Correct, the insert is in the analog circuit path. If you have spare tracks, send the channel to sub output and back into channel 1 or 2.
@@RecordingStudio9 Thanks for the response. I’m doing sub bass and kick sidechain compression, just gonna dial in the sound and lay my tracks wet. Part of going DAWless is the simplicity and commitment.
Appreciate all of your videos. Just sent you a "thank you" PP. 💪
Much appreciated. 😌
Glad I was helpful. If there is any particular topic you like me to cover on Model 12, just let me know.
👍
Thanks. Am hoping to buy a channel strip soon and needed to know if/how I can hookup to my tascam model 12. I'm glad it can be done because I really don't want to have to buy another interface. Much thanks!
5:27 Or use a patchbay....Works great for me, no more unhooking cables....
That's one way of doing it, for sure.
Very cool, Vatche!
Hey, I just watched this video and it was very helpful. For some reason the YT algo wouldn't let me reply to your comment from the other video. I tried replying several times and although my reply seemed to initially appear in the comments, then all of a sudden it just disappeared. Anyway, to answer your question, I haven't bought it yet, just downloaded the manual and read it all to get an idea of its capabilities/operation. Ideally I'd like to use the M12 as 100% standalone for live/practice synth playing and for recording a few ideas here and there. I want to avoid a DAW/Computer like the plague. Maybe because I'm intimidated as a beginner. Heard horror stories about latency issues, compatibility/drivers problems and what not. I realise that at some point I will probably have to dive in and learn about DAWs too. I have an old 2019 MacBook Pro 15 with 32GB Ram and an i9 processor setup with GarageBand, so maybe I'm overreacting and things are way simpler than I think. For now I'm just having lots of fun with some synths I have. I bought two Behringers (Poly D & MonoPoly) and a good friend of mine who is a pro player/producer loaned me two moogs for as long as I like. A little Phatty mkII and a One 8V. The little Phatty was actually the first hardware synth I played in my life and that thing sounds great. I immediately got some very familiar tones out of it. All are currently directly connected to a matched pair of Yamaha HS8s. Sorry for the long post and thanks for your efforts.
Thanks and I hope you enjoy them all 😉
It would have been nice if you showed us how to do it. I can't visualize the routing if I don't see it.
Search my channel for visual demonstration of inserts
Thank yo for making this-very helpful!
Wow this was perfect, Thank You!
Thank you for the video. O have a question: if I connect an electric guitar on channel 1, and I wish to use an, say, overdrive pedal on insert 1, how do I connect the pedal to the Model12? The pedal has an input and an output jack, so what plug goes where? Thank you.
Maybe this video might help answer the question. ruclips.net/video/a_iJphEicgs/видео.html
I have the model 12 and would like to separate my slide guitar into two separate tracks. One track would be what I call the "raw guide track" which would be in my left earphones to monitor the note I am playing before it is channeled into the main mix through both channels. This way I know the note before it is being heard in the main mix using my volume pedal for the processed sound which everyone else will hear. Since the lap steel can be touchy because of bending pitch, I would like to hear the note first in my left ear with headphones going coming out of the Model 12. I Hopefully that makes sense, and you could guide me on how to accomplish this method. Thank you in advance for any help you could give!
I can provide you with support with a $50 service fee. www.paypal.com/paypalme/RecordingStudio9/50 Once I receive the payment, I will get in touch with you via email to get more details of your problem and reply with a solution via email or Skype.
Can I globally effect the whole board by sacrificing a stereo channel (9/10). If so how do I connect the effect.
Thanks in advance
Love your videos!
Yes you can!
Select all channels but 9/10 to SUB output only. Connect the SUB outputs to an outboard stereo compressor, and the outputs of the compressor into channels 9/10, which is set to only MAIN.
Great video.
What idf i want to run audio from out of my Daw through the model 12 out to a piece of external gear for processing then back into the model 12 and go back into the day with my processed audio . how do i do that?
This depends on the DAW routing and not all DAW support it. Then you feed the DAW output to Ch7/8 with channel set only to SUB Outs and Mode switch set to PC. The return from gear into inputs 7/8, that will feed back to DAW.
Thank you very much for making these extremely informative videos! I just have one question. Do you know if it's possible to midi map the EQ knobs to any VST in Ableton when using the controller mode? Thanks in advance!
Not that I know of. I have not seen any documentation of its possibility at the moment. Maybe in the future?
I still have no input on channels 1 and 2. I really want to use the insert function. Even outside the daw I got no input. 3 and 4 are fine
Not sure what you mean.
Might want to watch the video again and try to understand how the insert sockets work on channels 1 & 2
Will the insert only affect the track 1/2? ☺️
Correct. Live inputs from channels 1 and 2.
Can i use insert while i use mixer as daw control and mix the track with hardware
If you watch the video again, you will see that the INSERTs are in the analog audio input chain. So, no.
Hello. Not sure I understand how to hook up a guitar pedal using the inserts. Would the guitar be plugged into the input of the pedal itself? Then the output of the pedal into one of the insert jacks? Thank you. Especially if you are still answering after 2 yrs.😊
The inserts are normally used to interconnect hardware compressors or FX devices. They are line level unbalanced output and input.
Guitars normally connect to pedal and the output into the line/jack input of the channel, and set the INST switch for Hi-z instrument input.
Once again great vid on the model 12.
Funnily enough I brought an external effects unit yesterday and was wondering the best way to connect it to my model 12. Looking at using with some of my external synths and recording into ableton. But thinking the AUX sends may be best for this?
Thanks.
The use of inserts depends on the signal processing type. Normally, compression, eq, gate, etc, are in series (can use inserts). Effects like delay, reverb, use AUX send and return as they are in parallel with the original signal.
@@RecordingStudio9 How do I Return the AUX signal to the Model12 in this case? I'm struggling with 2 configurations... All the instruments goes to the Mixer, but I have a Boss RC505 looper and a Microcosm Pedal (Delay/Reverb) and don't know the best way to put them on Setup. I'm now sending all intruments to AUX 1 > LOOPER > Back to Mixer Channel 9/10... same with the Delay/Reverb pedal, but AUX 2 and them returning to another channel on mixer. But it seems it's not the best configuration, I loose a lot of quality on the signal chain and sometimes mess up with this send/return thing... Thanmk you very much for returning this comment.
Hi......Is it possible to connect like an Api lunchbox to the Model 12?
I guess it’s possible, but not owning one, I can’t confirm. As long as there is mono input and output from the API box.
Hi......I have another Q😊✌🏽.....Can I do this? My DAW sends audio to for ex channel 6 on the model 12....I use the aux of channels 6 to send the audio to for ex Lindell Audio LiNTEC eq. It has in and out for ts(mono plug) Ok, so from the aux I insert it in the Hardware and from the output of the hardware I connect anther cable to another channel on my model 12 so I can record it on my mixer. or send it back to my Daw.....Is this possible? Thnx for your time✌🏽
Yes you can!
1) Set Ch6 MODE to PC
2) Connect AUX1 out to hardware input and hardware output back into Ch6 line.
3) Set the Ch6 gain so you have good level. Use the Live Level meter.
4) Record using USB ch6 into your DAW
This will send the audio from your DAW to USB6 out and into Ch6, then Aux out to H/W and return back to Ch6 input and USB6 in.
Can I just plug my pedal-board directly into the Input without DI to get the dry signal + effects. Is there any advantage to running it through the insert?
I'm thinking about buying one of these your channel is very informative.
To record dry & wet signals, you need two channels, weather recording on the MTR or in DAW. Insert allows you to connect your guitar directly to the mixer and use non guitar effects like pedal boards.
@@RecordingStudio9 I'm not sure I follow. If I wanted to record my distorted tone like below.
Guitar-->Eq Pedal-->Distortion/Boost pedal-->Input 1
vs.
Guitar-->Input 1-->Insert send-->Eq Pedal--->Distortion/Boost Pedal-->Insert return
It sounds like the insert would be better for Microphones. I don't understand why you would want to input gain your raw guitar signal before it hits the pedal.
@mikec3412 As I mentioned, NON pedal effect unit, like BEHRINGER Virtulizer FX2000 or similar, you can use the inset option.
Also, I thought you also wanted to record your raw guitar and with effects separately.
@@RecordingStudio9 ah ok, I got confused I thought you were just saying pedal boards. That make sense.
hello, I ask you for information: I have 2 external effects, each has the classic line in and out (double jack for both input and output), how can I integrate it into the mixer for all the instruments i will connect to it? (so FX can be used with differently amount for all tracks and controlled by the AUX in each channel strip) how many AUX are there in the Tascam? and SEND / RETURN? On the other hand, can the internal effects be managed independently?
For the rest, I need at least 12 free channels, including a voice channel.
Many thanks!
You'll need to sacrifice a stereo channel - see his reply to Richard's question. It's a bummer because I'm in the same situation - need all the channels! I wish the model 16 had the digital features this has, as having 4 more channels would be so handy
Hello. If I make a recording and then apply EQ and save it as a stereo mixdown inside the Model 12, can I then load that stereo mix and then use a hardware compressor and apply it to that same mix and record that? Since the inserts are only for channels 1 & 2... 🤷🏼♂
So if you’re in usb audio interface mode, you can’t access the insert? It has to be whatever the source (my MPC) plugged into my fx box then out the fx box into the the insert socket?
Correct, insert socket send/return is hardware analog side and only effects signal plugged into the channel socket.
@@RecordingStudio9 what if I had my MPC with my M12 as the interface and midi synced say a synth or something that was running into my multi fx into the insert at the same time? Would I hear the synth or is it completely sacrificed? Maybe this is a dumb question but I’m kinda still learning how to use and route all my gear.
Is possible to baypas the preamp of the tascam. Because I have outboard Neve 1073??
CH1/2 INSERT receive feeds directly to A/D converter. This is unbalanced input. Need a proper Y lead.
I wonder if Model 12 bypasses the preamp when using the inserts or not. Do you know? I have WA73 and don’t know if it would be better to go from WA73 to line in input or use the insert.
Since WA73 is a mic pre, you are better off connecting the mic to it and take the line out.
The insert points are after the channel’s mic pre (gain).
Hi , can you insert an external tape delay machine (Roland Space Echo) to a recorded vocal track and print the effects to a master stereo mix?
You can use the Aux1 (enable post send) send into the echo and the return into a spare mono or stereo channel, mixing with the vocal.
Thank you!
I was wondering if anyone's experiencing the same issue as me: I have the correct Y-cabling for this, but both my inserts don't appear to be working when mixing. Are these inserts usable at the mixing stage or are they just for tracking?
Just during tracking/ live inputs.
Honestly, if you would have had a hands on video with a few devices like a compressor or an effects processor and we could visually see what's going on...... that would have been soooooooooooo much better.... I really need that.
This video might help. All About Audio Mixer or Audio Interface Inserts - Example with Behringer FCA1616
ruclips.net/video/a_iJphEicgs/видео.html
@@RecordingStudio9 thank you for that.
Can i use an external compressor in the insert only when i record it live? I hook up an compressor with an y- cable, but it doesn t work in "mtr playback" mode..
Correct, INSERT for CH 1/2 are during live or recording, not in playback.
Hi, can you advise me please?! Basically I’ve a Tascam 12, using stereo effects loop into the inserts of 1(L) and 2(R).
All I’ve read up says you send from AUX 1 (mono) to either channel?
Am I being thick or what?! How do I send stereo back to channels 1 and 2 if I’ve only got mono from AUX 1?
In my mind I’m thinking pan AUX 1 to L, AUX 2 to R,, how do I do this? AUX 2 is only post fader? All doing my head in hehe! Any help would be appreciated thanks.
Please watch all of my videos on the TASCAM M12 and you will have a better understanding what INSERT are, what Aux sends are and more.
External guitar pedal: so, I'm plugging the TRS end into INSERT on the Model 12, then taking one mono end to the pedal's input, and the other mono end to the pedal's output. It sends and returns to the same insert on the M12. Is that right?
Correct. Just make sure you identify which mono plug is output/input of your cable.
@@RecordingStudio9 Thank you. These tutorials are very valuable.
How do I hook up passive speakers to Tascam 12
You need an equivalent power amplifier to drive them.
So, Is it possible to use channels 1 and 2 for tracking while the inserts are busy with a compressor? Or it is necessary not to touch those channels? Thank you
I guess my tutorial was not as easy to understand.
Inserts become part of the audio signal path. While tracking, the audio from the input will pass through the insert and compressor before going to the MTR or USB.
If you are using CH 1 & 2 for playback from PC or DAW, the return point is AFTER the Insert, so compressor is not in the playback audio path.
Hope this helps.
Excuse me I'm new to mixers. But the audio output of your processor/pedal goes back into the mixers audio input yes?
As I show the cable required, the TRS, stereo end connects to the mixer insert and the other two ends, one to input and other to the output of the pedal.
hey Bro great job.is there anyway to route tracks from studio one back into the studio live for mixing. without using DAW mode? if so can you do a quick vid for us please thanks bro.
Read more
Yes, you get 10 USB return to the mixer's 10 channels for mix down. Not sure why you would want to do that, but yes, possible.
This only works for channels 1 & 2 correct? Channels 3-10 don't share this feature or have access to that insert, correct?
Correct
But one knob compressor and EQ are both analogue in Model 16 & 24. Cheers!
Correct.
I was using the inserts to add a pre-amp but I just plugged in direct to the insert from the pre-amp with the mic plugged into the input of the pre-amp. I am under the impression that you do not plug an external pre-amp into the regular input for some reason.
If you are using an external Mic Pre hardware, you would plug the Mic to it and the Mic-Pre hardware line output to the TRS line input of the mixer for balanced connection. To bypass the mixer's channel input pre-amp stage, you can use the return input of the Insert, but this is unbalanced and can add noise/interference.
Hope this helps.
@@RecordingStudio9 Thanks for that.