How DO PILOTS KNOW which HEADING to FLY??? Explained by CAPTAIN JOE

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  • Опубликовано: 24 ноя 2024

Комментарии • 331

  • @flywithcaptainjoe
    @flywithcaptainjoe  Год назад +155

    Answer to the first quiz question is 220 degrees!
    Typing error! My bad! You got it right 😉

    • @dshack4689
      @dshack4689 Год назад +28

      oh thank god for that, i was tearing my hair out having gotten 220 and wondering where i'd gone wrong. thanks for the update!

    • @tilakmistry3438
      @tilakmistry3438 Год назад

      Can we still book an online zoom session with you? I wanted to book it for may, after my finals to know the next step towards being a pilot in India.

    • @AnakinSkyobiliviator
      @AnakinSkyobiliviator Год назад +2

      Oh whew! I thought I did something wrong, thanks Cap!

    • @Gorkhepilot
      @Gorkhepilot Год назад

      Finally relieved 😅

    • @ervinm.5065
      @ervinm.5065 Год назад

      Heck, I felt so dumb for a moment

  • @WECB640
    @WECB640 Год назад +80

    Mag-nificent explanation! I have so much more respect for not only our pilots, but also our early sea captains. I think this is proof positive that we need more science instruction in our classrooms. Thank you Capt. Joe!

  • @cessna880
    @cessna880 Год назад +92

    FINALLY, after 12min only, by watching Captain Joe' "FlightSchoolVideo", I finally understand a topic, which 12 hours of PPL-classroom failed to get transmitted to me. Big hands and thx for CPT Joe!
    👏👏👏 🙌🙌🙌 📝✅ 🤩💡

    • @dennisb6853
      @dennisb6853 Год назад +3

      I understood very little when I was in flight school but when I got flying I spent the few hours saying to myself now I understand. By the way I scored 98 on the test without understanding.

    • @cessna880
      @cessna880 Год назад +4

      @@dennisb6853 😂👏👍 have you ever thaught to play lottery with your gifted intention of guessing? :)

    • @flywithcaptainjoe
      @flywithcaptainjoe  Год назад +14

      Glad it was helpful! And really appreciate your comment!!!

    • @cessna880
      @cessna880 Год назад

      @@flywithcaptainjoe if you like to have a flight or at least a visit inside a DC-3, you may like to come once to LSZG, where she is homebased. (sie fliegt öfters mal ihre Kreise :-)
      MFG
      Chris

  • @mildlemon7866
    @mildlemon7866 Год назад +28

    9:30 Strongly reminds me of my navigation lessons for my boating licence, with just one single difference: When navigating a boat or ship, you cannot go to a place with a vastly different magnetic variation within few hours!

    • @BruceCarbonLakeriver
      @BruceCarbonLakeriver Год назад +1

      well, there aren't that many boats coasting with up to 500kts ground speed xD

  • @faskedfask8012
    @faskedfask8012 Год назад +24

    Finally I can listen something about heading and navigation for my PPL(A) theoretical exam from you. Thank you :)

  • @BhaveshDiwan
    @BhaveshDiwan Год назад +5

    Thanks a lot Joe for a long(er) video which actually teaches something worthy. Honestly, I prefer this anytime over the youtube shorts.

    • @flywithcaptainjoe
      @flywithcaptainjoe  Год назад +3

      Thanks man! I won’t stop with the longer videos, Promise😉

  • @burakozer1778
    @burakozer1778 Год назад +8

    As a Cadet candidate, I feel like learning such things will be very helpful for my training! Thanks, Cpt. Joe 👍🏻

  • @sheldonbeckford9929
    @sheldonbeckford9929 Год назад +7

    I must tell you captain u are a great teacher in the aviation industry...and having you as a teacher you can never go wrong captain. I know there are many more like you out there and I honestly want to say thumbs up to all you pilots out there who is doin this fantastic job in the aviation industry. Respect to you all,and I hope one day I will be able to join all you guys because THE SKY IS THE LIMIT. Respect to you Joe

  • @selimeylul8292
    @selimeylul8292 Год назад +10

    Very friendly both in person and on the screen. Thank you, Captain Joe, for consistently shining your enthusiasm for aviation by increasing accessibility into aviation topics.

  • @Johnnydoxx
    @Johnnydoxx Год назад +7

    Very fine explanation and examples.
    Some anecdotal stuff: When I was an instructor for Mountain Search And Rescue, it was not uncommon for a student to get incorrect compass readings..
    Often because of a metal pen, or SAR radio, near the compass on their neck lanyard, or sometimes because they rested the compass on a metal fence post for 'stability'!
    But in the field as a searcher, an odd situation occurred while searching in the lava fields in western New Mexico
    Those fields had magnetic anomalies that attracted the needle of the compass. We used the sun angle to keep a reference for our direction.
    As a rule, we penciled in the declination lines onto our field topo maps, to compare the magnetic readings to the true direction of the map.
    That way, laying the compass on the map, with its markings aligned with the penciled lines, told us the 'true' story!
    The declination there was 11 - 15 degrees east, depending on longitude and latitude.

  • @catdoctrigeek1464
    @catdoctrigeek1464 Год назад +4

    Perfect timing. Right where i'm at in my on-line ground school. It really helps to hear a slightly different wording of an important topic.

  • @nikitapodgorny6906
    @nikitapodgorny6906 Год назад +2

    Yeah boy, I had 2 weeks ago my navigation exam which I passed with 100%, and know I have a short video, which is nice to listen again and again for not forgeting about the navigation basics every time, thanks Joe 👍🏻

  • @felixvialva652
    @felixvialva652 Год назад +8

    Thanks Captain

  • @klausbellroth5451
    @klausbellroth5451 Год назад +2

    This drove me nuts during my training. Remembering when to add/subtract variation, breaking down wind speeds into head or tailwinds vs crosswinds and worst of all, knowing when given wind directions are magnetic or true (if tower gives you a wind direction, it's magnetic, if you check the METAR/TAF they are true).
    Feels good to see this reviewed by Capt. Joe and not getting confused anymore. Thanks for the video 😀

    • @crazy4gta1
      @crazy4gta1 Год назад

      I remember this rule of thumb” if you hear it, it’s magnetic. If you read it, it’s true north”

  • @y_fam_goeglyd
    @y_fam_goeglyd Год назад +2

    As a passenger (well, if I ever do it again), knowing that the big planes still have the old-fashioned compass + chart to fall back on, makes me happy!

  • @mafaruqui
    @mafaruqui Год назад

    WoW, you took me back in 1995 when was a a student in flying club and I can still remember how my instructor used to stand and teach us all that, I can still hear his voice

  • @Elanthiel
    @Elanthiel Год назад +29

    Question about the results of the questions at 10:28 - I get 220 when working out the first question: True corse 219, with wind factored in 215, with magnetic variation 222, and with deviation 220. The answer should be 216 so what am I missing? Or is the answer incorrect?

    • @rothaarig
      @rothaarig Год назад

      same sht

    • @manvithkumarchalla3562
      @manvithkumarchalla3562 Год назад

      Even me also

    • @jedisith25
      @jedisith25 Год назад

      even me too

    • @chabadagyorgy8310
      @chabadagyorgy8310 Год назад

      I'm also getting 220 for multiple times, please help me if I'm missing something. Even watched the example twice but still...

    • @kaibngwtz
      @kaibngwtz Год назад

      Me too. It’s like those damn EASA ATPL questions :D
      Jokes aside, great Video as always. Thanks for the great content

  • @Onzii06
    @Onzii06 Год назад

    The timing of this vid is incredible....I have my Navigation exam tomorrow and wasnt confident with the headings and the conversions between them...and now i fully understand thanks to your easy and simple explanation....Thanks Captain!!

  • @justinwilliammee2150
    @justinwilliammee2150 11 месяцев назад

    Wow, that was great. So articulate and the examples actually make sense. You can tell he puts himself in the shoes of a student and asks " if I were a student, would what I as the teacher just taught make any sense"? So many people are great at their profession, but just awful teachers or trainers. Thank you so much for your videos!!

  • @primatefurtif6367
    @primatefurtif6367 Год назад +1

    What a timing, I’m starting my ppl without any knowledge and from all the topics, that one was the most difficult for me. Now I understand. THANKS A LOT. 👍

  • @umarsebyala9920
    @umarsebyala9920 Год назад

    Clearly I haven't been clapping hard enough for the Captain on every safe flight! What you people do is nothing short of magnificent miracles every single time! Thank you for this insightful look at bearings in flight, Captain Joe! Mad respect from Uganda for you and your gravity defying colleagues all over the world!

  • @thomaspartin8968
    @thomaspartin8968 Год назад

    Captain Joe, I have to say, despite being an aviation geek my whole life, and having over 1000 hours in various pc simulators, I never knew this. I'm going to watch this several more times. Excellent explanation, sir. Thank you!!!

  • @a-8007
    @a-8007 Год назад +1

    I saw many are saying similar. This was one of the subjects that tripped me up and you explained it well in 12 minutes 👍

  • @christophesch4070
    @christophesch4070 Год назад +3

    With Concorde always in the picture. I have similar ideas from using a sail boat. Quite complex on the fly if you have to do it once in a while. Thanks for the video.

  • @brianloughlin6060
    @brianloughlin6060 Год назад

    Another great video. As an officer working I the shipping industry I enjoy seeing the things in aviation thay are similar to ships onboard every 4 hours we do a compass error check. The main factor that effects us is the steel used in the ship itself. This causes the compass to deviate slightly, but also depending on the area of the world the variation will differ slightly to abkut 3/4° E/W. Through taking a sight of a Celestial body and using calculations we can work out the error and which course to steer to get the true heading.

  • @jorgevasco777
    @jorgevasco777 Год назад +1

    Can't wait for the magnetic dip and turning errors related videos!

  • @laderlappentv6402
    @laderlappentv6402 Год назад +4

    Just as my PPL(A) class was introduced to this topic. Thanks a lot, very well explained :)

  • @MrT------5743
    @MrT------5743 Год назад +3

    Fun Fact
    The Earth's magnetic north pole, is a magnet's south pole. This is why the North compass needle is attracted to the Earth's magnetic north even though opposites attract.

    • @maximilianpfeiffer4567
      @maximilianpfeiffer4567 Год назад +1

      It's 25 years ago but I still remember our physics teacher in 5th grade telling us exactly this. Funnily there was an error in our atlas where this was mixed up. :D

  • @rogerbrown5558
    @rogerbrown5558 Год назад

    Did this on my 'boat masters' course. Yep, same stuff applies. Nice little refresher.

  • @DanSmithBK
    @DanSmithBK Год назад

    I am so grateful for my tablet and SkyDemon... I just touch two locations, and follow the magenta line! I remember doing it the old way, but I’m glad that’s becoming a thing of the past...

  • @TheNafanny1
    @TheNafanny1 Год назад

    Having watched many of your videos and also Mentor Pilot ones, I just want to say what an amazing job pilots do. How you know and remember the 1000s of different settings, instruments, charts, maps, ATC, weather and hundreds of other things involved in safely operating a passenger aircraft I will never know!

  • @SD45-ET44AC
    @SD45-ET44AC Год назад

    I won’t be piloting an aircraft in the foreseeable or unforeseeable remainder of my life but I liked this educational opportunity. Thanks! Great video!

  • @brandonsg1367
    @brandonsg1367 Год назад +1

    At 10:22 the first heading should be 220°. 219-4=215. 215+7=222. 222-2=220. The other 2 are correct but I don’t see how the first one could be 216°. Maybe I’m missing something?

  • @alexkazzeo6208
    @alexkazzeo6208 Год назад

    Brings me back to old and fun days!

  • @thomasgiovinozzo4059
    @thomasgiovinozzo4059 Год назад

    Loved this explanation, but every time an aero map showed up, my head started spinning! I’m sure with practice I could figure it out, but as a layman, it may as well be Esperanto. I read music and my friends who don’t tell me a similar story (i.e. it’s all gibberish dots and lines and Italian words!). Great video.

  • @BryanDorr
    @BryanDorr Год назад

    Excellent explanation, Captain Joe! A downside to the magnetic pole shift is the havoc it plays with runway numbering. I recall landing at Boeing Field where it was runways 13/31. Then recently I was at Boeing Field and saw the runways were renumbered 14/32.

  • @jpdutoit6277
    @jpdutoit6277 Год назад

    A fun mnemonic I was taught to remember the relationship between these headings was, "Can Dead Men Vote Twice?" in other words, Compass hdg, Deviation, Magnetic hdg, Variation, True hdg. Variation sits between Magnetic and True and Deviation sits between Compass and Magnetic.

  • @aninwokouchechukwu7656
    @aninwokouchechukwu7656 Год назад

    Wow wow wow like seriously ?
    Like I understood most of this stuff just a little which I don't but I will still rewatch it for full understanding.
    My Head of department in my university was teaching something very related to this few weeks ago and I was confused and was trying to understand it but this video made me remember about what he was teaching and i was matching both and I was just understanding what he was teaching.
    Much thanks to you captain joe you are more than just a pilot you are a inspiration to me and someone I look up to soo much to, thank you for this wonderful video and explanation, Thank you

  • @srikrishnan1595
    @srikrishnan1595 Год назад

    Dear Joe, You are GEM of pilots .

  • @juanflyer8443
    @juanflyer8443 11 месяцев назад

    Captain Joe, Thanks for your helpful insights. I just completed my Instrument Rating 3 days ago. Loved the basic clear explanations. Holds were a nightmare at first All done
    Now, Thank you. Cheers from Sunny Florida

  • @LeppAviation
    @LeppAviation Год назад +1

    One of the best videos yet if I do say so myself 😉

  • @ramoramo962
    @ramoramo962 Год назад +4

    Great explanation!! More flight-school related videos please!!!

  • @WilliamHolden-t5g
    @WilliamHolden-t5g 11 месяцев назад

    Had to watch part of video twice but finally got it. Thank you Captain Joe!!

  • @ShannonStrings200304
    @ShannonStrings200304 Год назад +2

    You always inspire me, the more i watch you the more sure I am that I am gonna get my CPL. Thank you for sharing all the knowledge. Love learning from you. I really hope one day I get the opportunity to fly with you.(even if its a small Cessna/Dimond 😂)

  • @CountryAndClassics
    @CountryAndClassics Год назад

    This was VERY good & well explained, BUT now to educate You! KILO is one word that means 1000. Your phonetic Alphabet "K" is pronounced KILO. Now, any word after KILO is added to KILO such as KILO-gram, KILO-pascal, KILO-watt KILO-metre, KILO-jewel. So WHY ARE AND HOW DOES THE "O" GET GET CHANGED TO AWE, AH? The first word DOES NOT CHANGE FOR KILOMETRE! Meter is distance.

  • @radamus210
    @radamus210 Год назад +1

    LOL! Man, it's been a while doing a flt plan but "West is Best" flipped a switch and BOOM! it all came back. I'm lucky though. Here in the midwest cornfields we live in a grid system, 1 mile squares chessboard. Waypoint verifications are a piece of cake. I'm also a fair weather, $100 burger kind of guy.
    This is the stuff you spend time grinding in the classroom and hitting the books and building a relationship with the Whizz wheel and charts with lots of interpolation.

    • @johnopalko5223
      @johnopalko5223 Год назад

      I learned to fly in Illinois. With near zero magnetic variation and all those section lines it was almost like cheating. It was quite an eye-opening experience when I moved to the Pacific Northwest. Here the variation is 15 degrees east and there's not a straight line to be found. Plus, mountains.

  • @sandeepKumar-jz7sc
    @sandeepKumar-jz7sc Год назад

    You are a excellent teacher sir.... All of your videos catch the students nerve ..... Very easy to understand with the way you explain.... It shows how well you understand the students in front of you and the possible complex error which a student can make.
    Lots of respect for your contribution to students ☺️🙏🙏

  • @xTeamUNITx
    @xTeamUNITx Год назад

    You really make me actually wanna get it right. Amazing teacher, Sir!

  • @Rafaelvalentim
    @Rafaelvalentim Год назад +8

    0:29 How to show the world you’re German

    • @cessna880
      @cessna880 Год назад +1

      reminds me on quentin tarentiono's "inglorious bastards" bar-scene.
      ✌️vs👆 😁

  • @sigwx1
    @sigwx1 Год назад

    During my flight school we associated magnetic declination as "w" "wiskey(the drink of course), then put some more" that's why we add to the true heading.

  • @UraFlight
    @UraFlight Год назад

    Very very educational. Clear short explanation. Thank you so much Joe 😊

  • @daverotors
    @daverotors Год назад

    Awesome video! Unfortunately, I could never deal with the West Best, East Least mnemonic. What did work perfectly for me was this one: "From true to false, false sign(-), from false to true, true sign(+)". Meaning: From true to magnetic to compass heading, you subtract the variation or deviation value. From compass to magnetic to true heading, you add the deviation / variation value as you get closer to the true heading
    Got me through ATPL theory just fine :-)

  • @user-oo8zt1sc1c
    @user-oo8zt1sc1c Год назад

    Top quality material you are sharing dear Captain! Thx so much for your dedication.

  • @max-mr5xf
    @max-mr5xf Год назад

    That’s quite close to how it’s taught for driving a boat. Makes sense, the problems to solve in that regard are the same. You just don’t usually need to be fast.

  • @filipesiegrist
    @filipesiegrist 8 дней назад

    That was a great video for Flight Simulation. Thanks, captain.

  • @danilocastro6611
    @danilocastro6611 Год назад +1

    Just some mnemonics guys, so you cannot forget nevermore.

  • @milk-it
    @milk-it Год назад

    Perfekte Zusammenfassung wie immer! Danke Dir!

  • @Beardedexpat7614
    @Beardedexpat7614 Год назад

    That’s made my understanding clear now Joe. Thanks for the explanation. 😊

  • @Hondalover3000
    @Hondalover3000 Год назад

    Powerful geography lesson. Thanks Cpt. Joe!

  • @susanmitrano1007
    @susanmitrano1007 Год назад

    Love your videos , I learn alot. Was surprised to see you use vero beach as example, I live in Vero. I really like your videos on holding procedures. I ran out of money for lessons so I watch videos and bought instrument procedures and instrument flying textbooks to learn as much as I can. Keep those videos coming , thanks.

  • @daverotors
    @daverotors Год назад

    Small correction (3:35) : The dashed lines on the VFR chart do not point to the magnetic north. They're isogonals, showing that the variation is the same along that line. You need to look for the label along that line that shows the actual variation. You can't measure the angle against those lines or you will lose orientation real quick!

  • @birds_eye_view
    @birds_eye_view Год назад

    Very good explanation and also not missing out on the banking error of the magnetic compass and so on. Looking forward to your next video 👍

  • @bastianhanschitz2839
    @bastianhanschitz2839 Год назад

    And for those confused about which way to add what: "Empty sea, add water" -> Map to Compass, add West

  • @mari2na43
    @mari2na43 Год назад

    We just do that at school, what a nice coincidence!

  • @BravoSix_6
    @BravoSix_6 Год назад +1

    The dislikes of this video are from the flat earthers

  • @frank_av8tor
    @frank_av8tor Год назад

    Well explained! So glad my EHSI is Track Up so I don't need to worry about all this anymore. This did bring back many good memories of way back when. What's the difference between track vs heading? I'm sure Captain Joe will explain in a future video. Hint track is what really matters.

  • @NakiaEvans-n7z
    @NakiaEvans-n7z 8 месяцев назад

    Even though it’s a year . Thank you captain Joe

  • @radamus210
    @radamus210 Год назад

    You make it sound so easy Captain, but now that it comes back to me, it wasn't that easy in instruction but I didn't have you as a teacher either.
    Density altitudes next?? 😁 that's a quickie easy one

  • @lockheedelectra
    @lockheedelectra Год назад +7

    sorry guys, i left the 778th like i should have left it at 777 😄

  • @andrewsolomon5678
    @andrewsolomon5678 Год назад

    That is a lot of math and information for pilots! Wow that’s complicated and complex and hard.

  • @Knards
    @Knards Год назад +1

    I will never forget going out on a friends boat on the Great Lakes and getting lost. Until we discovered his wife had set the flashlight with a magnetic base on it, on the dashboard next to the compass

  • @dalgrim
    @dalgrim Год назад

    Shout out to Traverse City and the Green Bay Sectional you used at 3:27

  • @2PistonRolling
    @2PistonRolling Год назад

    Thank you for sharing valuable knowledge explained in layman language. Made my day easy :)

  • @elcastorgrande
    @elcastorgrande Год назад

    Great explanation ! Welcome back.

  • @shelleysflyingdreams
    @shelleysflyingdreams Год назад

    Excellent video. Thanks Captain Joe.

  • @anonymous138
    @anonymous138 Год назад

    Wieso kannst du das alles sooooooo gut erklären😍 Habe wirklich alles verstanden🙌🙌

  • @jackielinde7568
    @jackielinde7568 Год назад +2

    Captain Joe: Where ever you are now, you are sitting on a longitude slash meridian.
    Me: Funny, I thought I was sitting on a chain. I'll be darned. The things you learn on this channel.

  • @yusufphoto
    @yusufphoto Год назад

    Really intrigued by your videos, keep it up Joe!

  • @rickebert7548
    @rickebert7548 Год назад

    “If you think the world is flat, this video is not for _you_ !” 😂 👍🏼

  • @catherinecollyns3021
    @catherinecollyns3021 Год назад

    Thanks for info in regards how to work out headings

  • @daftDAFdriver
    @daftDAFdriver Год назад

    That little bit of hair sticking out is putting me off my heading Hahaha 😅😅😅 great video thanks for the explanation

  • @Tara_Li
    @Tara_Li Год назад

    Of course, even though you don't have to turn left or right when flying a great circle course long distance, your heading keeps changing.

    • @johnopalko5223
      @johnopalko5223 Год назад

      Unless they have a navigation system that can steer a great circle, most pilots and mariners just approximate the great circle with a series of rhumb lines.

    • @Tara_Li
      @Tara_Li Год назад

      @@johnopalko5223 Maybe Captain Joe can tell us about that process.

  • @theundercoverguy
    @theundercoverguy Год назад

    Oh I didn’t realise that this wasn't a short lol, lemme grab some popcorn!

  • @rajahoomi
    @rajahoomi Год назад

    Magnetic North Pole is actually South Pole of the earth's magnetic field! This sounds confusing but it is the earth's magnetic SOUTH that is located in northern Canada! That is why your compass magnet's NORTH side points to the true north pole. The north side of the magnet always attracts the south side of earth's magnetic field.

  • @SadBstard
    @SadBstard 11 месяцев назад

    I think you should do the workings for all questions!!

  • @boltlightning7804
    @boltlightning7804 Год назад +1

    The calculations are actually pretty simple.

  • @NavneetSingh-io4jh
    @NavneetSingh-io4jh Год назад

    Best of the best explanation Sir thank you so much ♥️♥️

  • @DrunkHog
    @DrunkHog Год назад +2

    Yeah, I got the last answer wrong! I wrote down 000, not 360. :)))
    Joke aside, I didn't get 216 at the first of 3 calculations.

    • @dshack4689
      @dshack4689 Год назад +2

      216 is incorrect, if you got 220 then you were correct.

  • @PilotJoe2
    @PilotJoe2 Год назад

    Amazing video! Loved the graphic aids!

  • @tmting4942
    @tmting4942 Год назад +1

    nice Vid.. airman, what about GRID HEADING, can you make an awesome work like this one about GRID NORTH with exemple.. let's say from Iqaluit (CYFB) to Resolute Bay (CYRB)

  • @Eyes_On_Sky
    @Eyes_On_Sky Год назад

    Wow so easily explained

  • @dennisb6853
    @dennisb6853 Год назад +1

    More flight related instructions pls

  • @sirtom3011
    @sirtom3011 Год назад

    Fly the one that keeps you on track…don’t over things things when you fly

  • @amonchina
    @amonchina Год назад +5

    Best aviation educator ❤

  • @rikardlalic7275
    @rikardlalic7275 Год назад

    Top quality lessons

  • @bmitch3020
    @bmitch3020 Год назад

    This explains why ATC sometimes asks a pilot to turn 10° left or right rather than giving a new heading.

  • @beertruk2429
    @beertruk2429 Год назад

    My brain hurts.
    However, in the Army we did basic field navigation. Map, compass, protractor and a pencil. And a field note book. To write up your nav data sheet.
    Definition of a map - A repestentaion of a portion of earth's surface drawn to scale showing features both natural and artificial.
    We had to learn and know the differences between True North, Grid North and Magnetic North.
    The year the map was printed and annual magnetic variation was shown in the legend so you could work out the total amount of magnetic variation to be added or subtracted.
    GMS - Grid to Magnetic you Subtract - Grand-Ma's Socks (the polite version)
    MGA- Magnetic to Grid you Add - We just thought of the British Sports car - MGA
    I was never ever lost on any Army ex...maybe 'geographically embarrassed' a couple of times, but NEVER lost... 😉

  • @edgaralejandromendozaalons350
    @edgaralejandromendozaalons350 Год назад +1

    First quiz is 220 !!!

  • @Sayan_Debbarma
    @Sayan_Debbarma Год назад

    Please release more flight school training based videos every week, Capt.

  • @jochemvdouw4652
    @jochemvdouw4652 Год назад

    To make it even worse, the magnetic south pole is actually located at the geografical north side today, this changes every couple hundereds of years