Ground Faults vs Short Circuits Which is MORE DANGEROUS?
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- Опубликовано: 11 окт 2024
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What happens during a ground fault, what happens during a short circuit, what happens during an arc fault, what causes a ground fault, what do different electrical faults mean for the system.
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A short circuit should always trip the breaker. Ground fault: no guarantee.
I recently had a ground fault that took me hours to find - and it had been there, undetected, for 40+ years.
A new UPS indicated the ground fault - and started the hunt.
On my electric furnace (20 kW) one of the hots got loose. Furnace still worked - but the arcing melted the connection block - I had to replace that and some adjacent wires that got damaged. I now torque that each fall before the heating season.
Another great video. Electrical systems initially are pretty straightforward but there is a bit of nuance to them to really get a good understanding of them and understand why particular codes are there.
A good example was Paul's LED video. So much more nuance to it than I thought.
I installed an AF/GFCI breaker in my kids bedroom for those exact reasons. Maybe they accidentally poke an outlet or maybe they damage a cord using it as a rope.
Amazing content for Electrical Engineer in MEP love your channel help me with the NEC
I don't understand the purpose of the GFCI outlets. Isn't there already a 30mA differential breaker in the main electrical panel? I am French so I wonder if this is not the case in America.
North American breakers don't have the 30mA differential breaker, or what we'd call GFI or GFCI, that's common or required in Europe.
A lot of European service panels have RCD's built into them, which as you said trips around 30mA and protects any circuit breaker connected to it, so the need for GFCI would be indeed redundant. On the other hand, North America does not have RCD's built in. The standard service panel in North America has a main breaker, the circuit breakers - which are only there to prevent the wires from receiving more current than they're rated for, and then the busbars for neutral and ground. So unless you go out of your way to install breakers that have arc protection and/or ground fault protection, there is no protection for the people, only for the property. Hope this helps!
Gfci monitors between current going out vs returning on neutral. Its possible for current to leak out of a circuit but also have enough impedence not to short out completely. You could become a "load" and a normal breaker wouldn't know the difference. Thats why they are required around sources of water like sinks or pools. If current leaks into the water and finds another path to ground the GFCI will see this difference in return current and trip.
@@Kanis5000 this doesnt really answer their original question, they were confused as to why gfci outlets are a thing because they thought all service panels had a rcd by default.
They act as a superquick breaker right there at the GFCI outlet...not only do you have to worry about the energy exposure to the current across the body, if current travels across the heart, the heart can be thrown into arrhythmia and cause a heart attack. The GFCI instantly trips to minimize that travel time to the normal circuit breaker (the normal breaker won't even heat up) and exposure to minimize the shock risk. That's what they are really intended for.
Thank you! I learned a lot!
Excellent video
Great animations!
I mean, if you have full ground fault protection on the whole electrical system (like the UK electrical standard), both are equally dangerous. And much safer compared to without it.
Meanwhile Gallium Nitride adapter companies: Let's just push more high watt charging capabilities towards our adapter but we still make the connector with Hot and Neutral only without ground. Who needs ground anyway 😅
That's why USB4 or USB-C Power Delivery are pretty much fire hazards if the adapter itself don't have Grounding pin.
Thanks for the excellent video. What is behind the increased resistance of the ground wire/rod route compared to the neutral wire route? Is this just due to increased resistance of dirt compared to a copper wire? Thanks
the GROUND path from building to pole is just dirt, you know dirt is very bad on conducting electricity, but resistance varies depending on soil conditions like rains or illegal discharge of pollutants that contains heavy metals
@@uranium_chunkisn't that tt? i think tn-s is better
Good
I've heard of arc fault detectors in English speaking countries, but have never heard about their existence in my region (Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, France).
With regards to earthing, are these systems called the same in the USA? TT, TN, TNC-S, IT?
Yes, it's called AFDD (arc fault detection device). And you can get combined breakers with rcd and afdd from 6-40A(eaton), 10-32A(schneider). Ofc other producers have them aswell.
How would you have 600A on a ground fault if the main breaker is maybe 100 or 200A?
Fault current is instantaneous, the circuitbreaker is lowest rated so should trip first, if for some reason it doesn't then the main breaker should and if that doesn't then the transformer fuse should pop
That is a good question to ask. The reason that the downstream breaker trips first is this: Every overcircuit protection device (whether a breaker or a thermal fuse) takes a certain amount of time to react. A typical breaker/fuse will trip nearly instantly when a massive overload happens (think >5x the rated current). A more modest overload, like 2-3x, may take several seconds to trip. So a 600A fault current on a 200A breaker would take seconds to trip, while the downstream 15A breaker will trip instantly because the 600A is _far_ in excess of its instantaneous trip threshold.
(In the circuit breakers used in electrical panels, two distinct mechanisms can trip the breaker: a thermal mechanism acts slowly, and is for modest overloads. It trips once it gets hot, which is why it acts slowly. A very modest overload can take many minutes to trip! The second mechanism is magnetic. The current flows through an electromagnet, but at the rated current (and a few times above, e.g. 5x), the magnetic field it causes is too weak to trigger the breaker. But a large fault current causes a strong magnetic field, which instantly trips the breaker.)
Thank you @tookitogo and just to add that, we have shown this is a previous video (Based on Din rail breakers) ruclips.net/video/gqEu9t8HwW0/видео.htmlsi=crCY59fy_QpK6EJE&t=812
Hot wire, neutral wire, ground wire - all in yellow! C'mon, call channel "Kitchen engineer"
So in a standard non gfci outlet, is it normal to have an arc happen when plugging something in? I ask because my slumlord insist this is normal.
This could be normal in GFCI receptacle or regular receptacle as well. Plugging in a tool or appliance with the power off (tool or appliance) will prevent this problem. If the receptacle is old and/or not gripping the cord very well, you should change it. Check the plug condition also.
@@surferdude642 thanks this helps a lot.
It often is normal. With electronic gadgets (which use modern switch mode power supplies, like phones, computers, TVs, etc), plugging them in charges a capacitor in the power supply. This is an instant huge current. Most of these devices don’t have “real” power switches, so when plugging in, you’re always plugging it in “hot”.
Similarly, larger appliances with motors or heaters can also spark if plugged in while turned on.
In all cases, the size of the spark depends on when in the mains waveform the connection happens. If it’s right at the zero crossing, nothing happens, if it’s right at the peak of the sine wave, the spark can be much larger. Since that happens 100/120 times per second (both halves of the 50/60Hz line frequency), it’s random to the naked eye.
You can always eliminate sparking by using a switched power strip in between, and only plugging in with the strip switched off.
@@tookitogo Good information, you're right about TV's, computers, etc., and they are normally plugged into surge protectors/power strips and left plugged in all the time, so sparking would not be an issue.
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hello? did ytb do something weird to this video?
Wdym
@@Foxy_8796 low views compared to this channels average 🤔
@@blackholesun4942 Yeah, very strange right. We have upset the Algorithm gods somehow.
Arc fault breakers are a scam
my home just has good ol' reliable fuses
They have issues, but they also save lives
@Phil-D83 they don't save lives they rob people. Normal breakers work just fine and always had. And when you replace a panel in an old house, how come there ok with not installing them there where the wiring is a hundred years old? Answer that. Afci breakers are useless and are a scam by corporations and companies that make them. They should be a choice not a requirement
Arc faults sucked 10 years ago but modern ones seem fine from my experience
Breakers are a scam. Neutrals are a scam. Switch legs are a scam. Dedicated circuits are a scam. Grounded receptacles are a scam. Splice boxes are a scam. Junction boxes are a scam. NEC is a scam.
/s
Great video.
First comment 👌
We get arcs for high voltage only
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