The Super Secrets of Sewage
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- Опубликовано: 29 сен 2024
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In 2020, many cities started monitoring wastewater for viruses, and there are a lot of non-virus reasons to keep doing it.
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To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
- Microbiome - the microorganisms in a particular environment (including the body or a part of the body).
- Wastewater - water that has been used in the home, in a business, or as part of an industrial process.
- Viral shedding - releasing a virus into the environment through sneezing, coughing, or feces.
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REFERENCES
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Anis, E., et al. “Insidious Reintroduction of Wild Poliovirus into Israel, 2013.” Euro Surveillance: Bulletin Europeen Sur Les Maladies Transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin, vol. 18, no. 38, 19 Sept. 2013, p. 20586, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24084337/, 10.2807/1560-7917.es2013.18.38.20586.
CDC. “National Wastewater Surveillance System.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 21 July 2021, www.cdc.gov/healthywater/surveillance/wastewater-surveillance/wastewater-surveillance.html.
Graber, Cynthia. “Why an MIT Robot Is Collecting Poop from Our Sewers - the Boston Globe.” BostonGlobe.com, www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2017/01/19/why-mit-has-robot-collecting-samples-sewer/g1EhuRPbVR2VtwwJuo2DTN/story.html.
Hellmér, Maria, et al. “Detection of Pathogenic Viruses in Sewage Provided Early Warnings of Hepatitis a Virus and Norovirus Outbreaks.” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 80, no. 21, 1 Nov. 2014, pp. 6771-6781, aem.asm.org/content/80/21/6771.short, 10.1128/AEM.01981-14.
Hovi, T., et al. “Poliovirus Surveillance by Examining Sewage Specimens. Quantitative Recovery of Virus after Introduction into Sewerage at Remote Upstream Location.” Epidemiology & Infection, vol. 127, no. 1, 1 Aug. 2001, pp. 101-106, www.cambridge.org/core/journals/epidemiology-and-infection/article/poliovirus-surveillance-by-examining-sewage-specimens-quantitative-recovery-of-virus-after-introduction-into-sewerage-at-remote-upstream-location/EB531F077E4C87FD7284B143352EEEAD, 10.1017/S0950268801005787. Accessed 5 May 2022.
Julian, Tim. (2022). Personal communication. Group Leader of Pathogens and Human Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology. www.eawag.ch/e...
Metcalf, T. G., et al. “Environmental Virology: From Detection of Virus in Sewage and Water by Isolation to Identification by Molecular Biology--a Trip of over 50 Years.” Annual Review of Microbiology, vol. 49, 1995, pp. 461-487, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8561468/, 10.1146/annurev.mi.49.100195.002333.
Raphael, Therese. “Where Will We Find the next Covid Outbreak? Check the Sewers.” Bloomberg.com, 8 Jan. 2022, www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2022-01-08/covid-omicron-sewers-are-our-early-warning-system-for-future-virus-outbreaks.
Wells, Chad R., et al. “Prosocial Polio Vaccination in Israel.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 117, no. 23, 26 May 2020, pp. 13138-13144, 10.1073/pnas.1922746117. 
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I won't begrudge MinuteEarth for taking Bill Gates' money, but so people know. Bill Gates spent half a billion dollars, that's $500 million, just in the decade up to 2015, to develop a numerical rating system for teachers. They then admitted they failed, but not before the measures have been almost universally adopted across educational systems in the whole country. Untold thousands of schools were shut down and teachers laid off or denigrated on the likes of New York Post. Now, every state is short of teachers, which has never happened before, and the pipeline for teaching certification programs is at historic lows. Youth mental health is at all time low, as well (although there are other causes there obviously, like social media).
Another example of Gates' influence is on the AstraZeneca Covid vaccine. Oxford University was about to license their vaccine for free, especially to poor countries. Gates doesn’t like purely public enterprises, so his foundation convinced the uni to partner with the pharmaceutical giant AstraZeneca to market the vaccine. AZ had little vaccine experience and made a mess of the trials, so much so that its vaccine’s still not approved by the FDA (disclosure: I’m one of the first trial participants in the US). And many countries found its license fees prohibitively expensive.
If you’re still appreciative of Gates, look up his name with Jeffrey Epstein, and about his divorce and trips.
EU is stepping up its efforts at wastewater surveillance (my company is involved locally with data collection.) Apart from Covid, interesting pathogens include various types of hepatitis and food poisoning.
Bro how fast do u type
How is your comment two days old
@@jkb3491 wait shit
@@jkb3491 Patron via Patreon - we get to see videos first :o)
@@khadizaanwarjolly5779 Patron via Patreon - we get to see videos first :o)
Excuse me, is that may from pokemon?
“Data (poop) from wastewater is anonymous”
POOBLIC HEALTH!! AAAHAHAHAHAHAHAHHAHAAAHAH!!! AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHHHHH!!!!! *explodes*
There is one imposter among us
2:35 hihi
Fun fact, they do this in UCSD
There's no sound
Nevermind yt mobile had a stroke
Avoid fecal tracking: save your poo in bags.
You actually used the term "browser history" without it being a lead in to an ad for a VPN I'm impressed that is incredibly rare these days
I doubt a video sponsored by Bill gates needs to shill for a VPN firm 👍
Next thing you know there'll be a service offering to reroute your house's sewage through a maze of unbreakable pipes to a different town to prevent anyone finding out what you're infected with (or what you eat) 😂
i seriously thought to myself "oh no, here comes a VPN ad" when they brought up browser history
Haha rare indeed. But will Bill's money, a VPN ad is not needed.
Always ironic that people would rather have a random company store and see all their browsing data instead of their isp lol. Also don’t forget most modern routers likely also record everything, same way smart tvs and phones do.
This is a good way to avoid a crappy situation.
Hahahahahabababahabahhhaa
Lol
Aw sh!+ you beat me to it
very punny
Jokes like this are completely inappropriate and NOT funny. I'd delete them myself but it isn't my doodie.
I remember hearing about the measurements of covid virus particle count in wastewater in 2019 in Australia. At the time I wondered why that was something which was being measured and who was measuring it. There was an article in a reputable Aussie newspaper later than week which elucidated me. Here is Aus the state governments began monitoring waste water as a law enforcement measure in the late 2010s, specifically to detect by-products associated with the use of illicit drugs. This let them build up a map of where different drugs get used in Aus (the map is actually pretty funny and has a lot of Australian stereotypes hidden in it, the wealthy areas of Sydney showed the highest cocaine use by a non-trivial margin) and prioritise law enforcement and harm reduction appropriately. I thought this was a really interesting origin for these measurements here and is a great example of how privacy concerns are really relevant.
It seems that the problem isn't really about data collection itself; it's more that you can't always trust people to use that data in a wise, just and responsible manner. It's a real shame that our best defense against abuse of that knowledge is to make it so we don't have the best, most accurate knowledge available to us. :/
@@Zaxares The process of data filtering/other data manipulation really should be made more public knowledge when pushing for policies and rules based on that data.
@@Zaxares Anonymous huh! 1:30 You dont know my brother's poop, 🤣 you will know it when you see it
I think I read the same article about COVID surveillance. Would love the link to the map about drugs!
Cool video! I love how you teach with fun animation!
Glad you enjoy it!
Wastewater treatment plant operator here - I've participated with two viral and one CEC study at my plants. We collect the samples upstream of biological treatment and downstream of large solids removal and pass it on to the researchers.
We can conduct a lot of analysis in our labs but not anything at that scale.
If anyone has any questions on the poo process feel free to comment.
Your number two is our number one priority. ;)
Nice! How exactly do you collect the samples?
@@minicello231 Depends on the location - sample pole for upstream of biological treatment and a valve on the return line in our biological system.
Samples are collected in cleaned plastic bottles and put on ice until processing. A simple cooler works great.
@@das7945 Interesting. Thanks for answering!
@Das cool! Are there more interesting wastewater-related developments you interacted with in recent years?
Lab assistant: Hey what do you want to do with this extra polio vaccine?
Scientist: Idk chuck it down a toilet or something maybe we can vaccinate the water lol..
WAIT LET'S VACCINATE THE WATER
You're kidding, but the polio vaccine does actually passively vaccinate people second-hand, because the stunted virus spreads via poop to other, unvaccinated people, lol..
No, god no, do not let the government put stuff in the water.
"Don’t flush wipes!!!!! They cause the majority of the problems that sewer maintenance workers have to deal with; plugged sewers & ragged pumps.
" - Master Splinter
what's wipe?
what about toilet paper?
You would think that given that this is the case that there would be a "garbage disposal" style shredder mandated at the sewage outlet of every house.
flushable wipes are not flushable
so should we just put our toilet paper into the garbage?
also isn't Splinter a character from tmnt?
"Or should I say poo-blic health?"
No. No, you really shouldn't.
Wait, so you are telling me that conspiracy theories in the future are going to be used to fight public sewage?
0:42 Professor Sonia from Sword and Shield?
Thanks for putting the privacy concerns front and centre as well, well explained
I work in a SC2 surveillance lab. I’m glad that there’s more coverage on this new-ish research area!
My uni did waste water testing to catch Covid cases in dorms. It was surprisingly effective
No I dont think you should say"pooblic" water
heh nice use of Pokémon characters - spotted Sonia, Elm, May, and Juniper
And May's dad, prof. Birch. They're in the same frame...
Bill Gates could help so many more people by not lobbying in favour of patent restrictions on medical technology during a pandemic. But that might hurt his ability to make money
Didn’t he fund the AstraZeneca vaccine? The one that doesn’t need license fees?
@@devluz Oxford originally wanted to open source it completely for free, but Gates made them partner with a big pharmaceutical company - in this case AZ. So instead of companies all around the world making it freely, it’s now AZ making it in their partner facilities all around the world.
Yep! It's sad to see otherwise very educational channels fall for it.
2:50 I don't think you landed the argument there.
If factual information reinforces stereotypes, they’re not just stereotypes, are they?
stereotypes and habits/lifestyles are different. it's like if you see a country like france consume a lot of wine, that shouldn't make it such that every french person you meet is a massive wine drinker. that's a fine line between stereotypes and lifestyles
This is how we are knowing how high the COVID infection rates are right now even when governments are failing us and not maintaining testing and mitigation measures.
Dammit minute earth I’m so distracted by the Pokémon professors who are technically field biologists
My college campus used waste water surveillance on the different dorms to help keep covid in check the past few years. Campus only got shut down at the beginning of covid, and has been a safe place since because of this!
2:42 It's May's headwear !
For those who don't know, May is the nickname given to one Pokémon that appears in Pokémon Ruby, Sapphire, Emerald, Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire, but not just any Pokémon, it's a human, who is registered in the National Pokédex as entry #000, that's right, humans are Pokémon.
May is not a pokemon
0:42 looks like Sonia from Sword and Shield.
@@peruna9158 But May is a human, and humans are Pokémon.
@@Matlai17 I didn't noticed her, that's because i didn't played Pokémon Sword and Shield, but just like May and any other human, Sonia is a Pokémon.
At 2:48, the illustrated female professor with a magnifying glass appears to be Professor Aurea Juniper from Pokémon Black, White, Black 2, and White 2. Like all Pokémon professors within the main Pokémon universe, her surname is named after a tree. She is also the first female professor introduced in the franchise, first appearing in Pokémon Black and White as the very first character on your adventures in a place called the Unova region.
For a second there, I thought they were saying that you could tell someone's Internet history by testing their poop 😂
not yet!
@@MinuteEarth don't give people any ideas
Never in my wildest dreams would I have predicted Softon appearing in a Minute Earth video
BoboboBoBobobo is like a fever dream from my childhood that I still can’t believe actually existed.
Me never! I liked it just for that!
I really enjoyed this video. I felt it deserved more than just a like so here’s a comment too: I enjoy most of your videos but this one was in a field I have worked in. It never occurred to me that scientists would study wastewater in this way. Thanks for this video and the work you put into making them!
2:42 I'm sorry but is that Professor Birch fishing up his own daughter's shit? IDK about that one fam
Your channel is starting to seem like a science marketing firm, making videos that just rephrase content from your sponsors. Am I seeing it wrong?
The little animated scientist wading through waist deep raw sewage with poop floating in the water... It's cute, but also distressing
There is a VPN for sewage, Virus Poop Network ;)
I like the part we should not know some stuff if it reinforce stereotypes… stereotypes that might just be another word for truth.
Some truth are not good to find out if this truth go against the ideology.
love myself some shitty puns
"Number two".. I see what you did there.
I would have never guessed that this video would have a knowledge is power and power can be used for good or bad lesson. Who needs privacy anyways. Spacetime has no borders.
EW!!! The "epic" thumbnail. Who cares? I only cared about the video! Hehehe...
Absolutely horrendous plug of Gates book. Pull your head out of your backsides.
What is happening to MinuteEarth algorithms? Most videos are getting less than 100k views, but the videos continue to be great
Anonymous huh! 1:30 You dont know my brother's poop, 🤣 you will know it when you see it
It's been one of the primary frontiers for a few centuries now
These are the voyages of the Poopship Enterprise
I don't think those Pokemon characters appreciate being in a video about s-word.
Please don't ruin accessibility by playing music when talking! :(
I want to survey May poop 2:40
with all that we have learned over the past century and last two years in particular, and all the preventative measures we can take nowadays, how long will it really be until the next pandemic, i wonder? i understand they're practically inevitable but surely it would seem the gaps between will get longer and longer
Well.. pandemics become more likely if more people are connected to eachother. And we are getting more connected to eachother. So that a arguments for the gaps between pandemics to become shorter and shorter.
I don't know which arguments weighs heavier.
@@packx3 pandemics spread faster proportional to the inter connectivity of people.
The chance of a virus showing up is directly proportional to the population
@@packx3 as a consequence pandemics will only become more frequent ever
Niice
someone watched Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo cause i see Softon
I love the pokemon references
Suomi mainittu torilla tavataan
whats may doing there?😂
Providing samples for her father
If only Bill Gates paid his taxes and we had well funded public policy, instead. =(
It is way worse than that! He is the reason why the Oxford vaccine is not patent free.
You watch a science channel with a human mind 😂 Atleast be a little rational
I expected a VPN sponsor segment
What a crappy video ;)
Im part of the pooblic🤣🤣🤣
Would this be just as effective in rural areas or homes with septic tanks. That seams like it can get a bit to specific as to whom the waste water is coming from.
No, it would not be effective. This relies on the aggregation you get from a municipal sewer system
If you sampled your own septic tank it would tell you about only the health of your family/guests, which is unlikely to provide meaningful results and is highly personal (hence you being the responsible sampler and not the government).
In rural towns the municipal treatment plant can do this but again its only going to capture data on the town served, which is great for town planners to track public health but can lead to stereotypes if the press gets wind of any unfortunate data. (Basically everyone out side of the village proper in rural areas will have a septic tank so they won't be sampled unless the visit a restaurant in town and use the facilities)
I like the pokemon cameo @2:40 lol
It's very unlikely to be used wisely. After all, it's used by collegiates, which are the direct equivalent of second lieutenants... the least wise people in the whole world but the cockiest. The Dunning-Kruger Effect prevails.
Just makes you realize how much awesome people are working behind the scenes you might not even know about
They should have a permanent meter that tracks levels of viruses and hormones over time.
How fact can expand on stereotypes ? Stereotypes are UNTRUE and harmful, rumors in its core. If anyone has a fact that some area have 100x as many drug users as others, it is not a stereotype but fact.
I know people tend to generalize and there will be many people who might be in the area and are not contributing to that mess, but the problem lies elsewhere, in educating people what is a fact and what is not.
La misma entropia y control de ciclos al analizar los procesos humanos será vital a futuro para mejorar como especie, civilización y poder controlar casos como este donde el mismo ser humano se provoca sus propias desgracias, también como ejemplo esta sobre el uso de aire acondicionado y como irónicamente provoca más calor, buen video y trabajo minuteearth saludos.
I love all of the Pokémon references!!
1:03 Is that Softon from BoBoBo?
This can allow mass advertisements too. If there is an outbreak of a genetic disease, companies could issue large advertising to the city of outbreaks for their treatment products.
Immediately blocked the channel when I found out they’re doing videos sponsored by Bill Gates.
I think there is a show on Netflix talking about the way difference things in the world work and one of the things they covered was the London sewer system and they talk about this
lol all those cute stick-figure scientists wading in poop water... what adorable heroes!
well, polio viruses have been found in the london sewers, wouldn't have known how that's even possible without this video, coolio
1:04 oh god i know this shit :)
Leave may alone 🥺
"Or should I say... POOblic health?" No, sir, you should not. 🤣
Here in NZ, we also track rates of drug use in a city with waste water testing.
Cool! I hope we learn some more interesting stuff both on this channel and in the sewer
This is really good
Doodoo Data was an egregiously overlooked alliterative opportunity.
It’s important to remember that when real data proves a stereotype, it is no longer a stereotype.
In other news: facebook getting into the water recycling business.
Note to self: Keep NOT playing in 💩 water. 🤒🤕🤢
Erm ok
I wonder if the sample collectors experience poophoria?
Thats good, greeting from Indonesia
Holy shit those are some POOwerful puns
it can pay not to dump your shitty data.
That's the cutest virus I would ever wanr
Sonia is that you????!!!! (Pokémon)
0:08 who spits on their toothpaste???
How water survailance coop with sewage treatment plants? Surveillance is done at plants?
Wastewater treatment plant operator here - I've participated with two viral and one CEC study at my plants. We collect the samples upstream of biological treatment and downstream of large solids removal and pass it on to the researchers.
We can conduct a lot of analysis in our labs but not anything at that scale.
Never thought I’d hear the sentence “data from wastewater surveillance is anonymous” 😂😂
Uh, hi there Softon. Never thought I’d see a BoboboBoBobobo reference, uh, ever anywhere? Deep cut is deep.
*me proceed to lick some peanut butter
2:34 "PUT DOWN THE FORK!!!" 😅😅😅
That bobobo reference got me off guard
EARLY YAYYYYY
Cringe