Greetings from Croatia! I've been to Vindija cave and it left me speechless. It's not often visited and it's easy to miss if you don't know what you're looking for. But don't worry there are signs near the place that point you in the right direction. The cave is bigger than I expected and it's easy to imagine what it must have looked like in prehistory. Anyway, next time you go on a vacation to Croatia stop by and see it for yourself. The closest city nearby is Varaždin which is beautiful in its own way (Baroque) way.
@@SEKreiverthere are no "eurasians". There are many connections between old europeans such as germans and bantu people like flat skul, convex back of the head and so on.
My bent pinky finger is diagnosed as Dupetryn’s contracture, which is evidence from Neanderthal lineage! Wow, I was so excited to learn of my own connection through millennia.
I can think of two plausible sources. First of all, we know that some people on Iceland have mitrochondrial dna that is inheited from native North Americans, but not Inuit. Supposedly the settlers in Vinland brought one or more North American women back to Iceland when the colony was deserted in the 11th century. Thatks one possible source. Another option is through Geirmund Heljarskin’s family. He was one of the richest men on Iceland and the son of a local ”king” in Norway. His twin brother inherited the throne, but when Norway became united they lost everything, and Geirmund eventually settled on Iceland. His nickname ”heljarskin” indicated that his skin was black as death, and he is also referred to as The Black Viking. His mother was a darkskinned woman (supposedly princess) from Bjarmarland, which was somewhere on the northern coast of Siberia. As walrusses had been hunted to extinction in Norway, Geirmund’s father sailed north, rounded the Kola peninsula and made landfall somewhere in Siberia. There he negotiated a deal with the locals, who were dark skinned and hunted walrus, that he would buy all the skins and ivory they could provide, and to confirm the bond created between the two peoples he married the daughter of the local king(?) and brought her with him to Norway. She gave birth to twin sons to him, I have no idea if there were more siblings. As the sons grew older one brother was to inherit the local kingdom in Norway, and the other (Geirmund) was sent to Bjarmarland, where he married a local woman and was to be the Norwegian representative in the area, preparing deliveries of walrus skin and ivory. After they had lost their kingdom Geirmund returned from Bjarmarland with his dark skinned wife and settled on Iceland. There were still walrus there at that time. He traded a lot with Dublin and even lived their from time to time. Geirmund and his wife had plenty of children, and it is speculated that this may be the reason some people on Iceland have the same skin fold in the corner of their eye as Asian people do. Little is known of the people Geirmund’s mother and wife belonged to. I don’t think anyone even knows exactly where Bjarmarland was situated. Explorers in Siberia in the 19th century mention a dark skinned people on the Arctic coast that hunted walrus, but with Europeans arriving in the area the walrus were hunted to extinction and this culture was destroyed. Supposedly the last remnants of this people then joined and intermarried with other groups in the area and there is no longer any truly dark skinned population living there. But since they hailed from Northern Siberia I think it’s quite plausible they had some Denisovan ancestry.
@@PaulRumbold-wk5re It probably happened earlier, because we know people from Iceland had contact with native Americans in the 11th century. It is possible there were sporadic contacts later, as the peope in the Greenland colony would go to ”Markland” (probably labrador) for timber, as there were no trees on Greenland. But the Greenland colony died out in the 14th century, and it is very unlikely that there was any contact after that. Also, up till the 12th century there are few or no written records, but after that the people on Iceland kept records of almost everything, so any Native Americans arriving to Iceland that late would most certainly have been documented.
A male liger (male lion and tigress hybrid) is sterile, but female ligers are fertile. A male tigon (male tiger and female lioness hybrid) is also sterile but female tigon are rarely fertile. Would that be somewhat true in this sense? Hybrid fertility depends upon the mitochondrial inheritance? Neander-sovan, or Den-neanderthal, only females of one could breed.
It also depends on how closely the species are related. For example, canines of all types can produce fertile offspring. Dogs, wolves, jackals, coyotes, and foxes can all produce fertile offspring of both sexes.
There is also this odd 'rule' (means, it is not true in all cases) that men take after their mothers amd women after their fathers. Probably a survival-help for children if the family they grew up in questioned their paternity, if a son is more likely to look like his maternal grandfather than his father, he can avoid being 'sorted out' by his paternal relatives and still be sent to a maternal uncle to foster, while a girl should better have her father's mother's aid in surviving to adulthood, what in patrilocal societies is very important. In long-term population-genomics (we had several disease bottlenecks in tensly populated areas that helped the survival of fringe-populations, and on the fringes / in the woodlands gather psychological misfits and loners, a character-trait, that is associated with Neandertal-Inheritance) - this might explain why after so many milennias there are still some men who have much harsher features and fleeing foreheads, that make them look more 'ancient' if you'd just judge them by their skeletons. I'm still contemplating that I once saw no neandertal, nor dennisovan but - judged solely by his sceletal built and facial features - a living homo erectus, who with his enourmous fingers fitted in perfectly a tiny-tiny battery in a very small wristwatch that had half the size of one of his fingertips. Looks deceive on what is 'a brute'.
the term British Isles goes back a very long way..... Brettanídes nē̂soi to the ancient Greeks and Britannicae insulae to the Romans. Pandering to modern political prejudices like this is just attempted Newspeak.
@@tomgoff7887 You’re a quarter right. Half right about the age of the term and half right about political pandering. For as long as the island of Great Britain was known to the Greeks, Hibernia had a separate name. I’ll let you do the mental jumping jacks on that one. It’s a colonial term akin to Dutch East Indies. It’s no longer true let alone relevant. Given the division and bad blood that still permeates the recent history of the region. Continuing to use an antiquated term and feigning ignorance just perpetuates the otherwise fading animosity.
But I’d like to add that my comment was to show appreciation to the script writer. Even if the distinction was made for literary reasons it felt of a higher quality than the poorly researched garbage scripts I mostly find today.
@@--Bran "british Isles" include all of the Archipelago,(including ireland) you're probably confusing it with "British Islands", That include only the territory of the United Kingdom and its dependencies in the archipelago.
Again miss representation because Iceland is settled by Scandinavians let's say in general but Baltic sea peninsula was also populated by seminomadic Sámi people which originated from Siberia specifically from Altai region like Ainu of Japan. There's long history of mixing between Sámi and Scandinavians and now days they physically appear like north europeans.
The history is even more interesting. Sami people now speak one of Finnish languages (originated from Siberia), but main words in their language (like soil) are of completely different, unknown origin. It might be that old Europeans who were hunting in North Europe mixed with not so big percentage of Northern Finnish reindeer breeders.
Sami dna is not that different from other Nordic people, except that roughly 40% of men belong to the Y chromosome haplogroup N, that is derived from Siberia. The N haplogroup is fairly common among Finns as well. The Sami mitrochondrial dna is mostly Scandinavian hunter gatherer, but also has other ”normal” haplogroups for Scandinavia. Thus it seems the Sami are mainly made up of the last Scandinavian hunter gatherers, who have lived in the region since the ice disappeared, but have mixed with nomadic reindeer herders from Siberia at some point in the early iron age. This seems confirmed by the reindeer being herded by the Sami are closer relatives to Siberian reindeer than to the last remaining wild reindeer in Norway.
Most of Europe had it's populations replaced again and again. The further south, the more mass migration. There were even European looking people in China (West Tarim Basin). We are still learning about what happened.
I'm surprised to find out that the Denisovans were the real cold-weather specialists vs. the Neanderthals! I always assumed that Neanderthals were the survivors of the Ice Age.
Humanity needs to embrace the profound contributions of Neanderthals the evidence is far too overwhelming to discount their evolutionary mark. Far too often they've been portrayed in a negative light which is something that I've never bought into. Just simple logic and perhaps an open mind are my only credentials however when you consider the thousands of years Neanderthals existed along with the predators they faced on a daily basis plus climactic challenges they couldn't be anything else but successful and intelligent in their own right. And thank you for yet another thought provoking video 👍👍👍
I have truly enjoyed this video; thank you. Like many other humans, I did my dna (four different companies, to make sure 🤷♀️), and found out that I have a higher percentage of Neanderthal and belong to interesting Haplogroup, which is mostly found in Sami, and Scandinavian countries - both parents have Scandi ancestors. Mum blue eyes blonde, dad green eyes, dark hair. Mum’s dna/Haplogroup goes back over 40,000 years. I find the whole thing absolutely fascinating, amazing, in fact just simply magical.
I am amazed there is an avenue for bright insightful researchers to reach me in my basement to teach me information I would resist in a classroom. I found 2 brilliant creators yesterday, so I have a fresh catalogue to binge watch again. I love learning new things, especially things that refute our arbitrary philosophical and religious beliefs. Your content is very polished and concise.
Yes, you are correct. But conversely interbreeding with Neanderthals did not replace the modern human Y chromosome, which demonstrates our lineage remained mostly intact while male Neanderthal genetics was completely replaced. Basically, modern human genomes have purged well over 90% of Neanderthal genes.
The Icelandic and Greenland settlers encountered Inuit and dorset Indians in the Canadian North. The ancestors of Inuit and dorsets migrated from Siberia and would have had a high percentage of denisovan dna. The Vikings were known to take female slaves whenever they had the opportunity
That does not explain though why I have 4% Denisovan DNA without being Icelandic, nor Greenlandic, but rather have 20% Scandinavian DNA and 80% British and Irish Isles. How do you explain that?
4:35 "... as with all genetic studies there are alternative explanation for the patterns we observe" is the quiet but blaring admission here but not just with modern takes on recent Icelandic make up but it applies doubly with the main thesis if not by many multiples beyond. To say that we descend in any way from Neanderthals or Denisovans is a wacky take and an utter confidence trick. The alternative explanation omitted being that we simply did not mix with them at all and all similarities stem from either an earlier common ancestor or that humans mixed with denesovans but not vice versa.
Are you always such an asshole? RUclips as a platform heavily relies on "fair use" and what's wrong with some aggregated reporting of scientific discovery? Why do I get the feeling you don't have a single interesting story you could tell anyone about your life? 😬🖕
How interesting! As we know Norway was established by a Finnish prince called Norr and that there has been a vast population of Finns in Norway (Finnish as a spoken language in Norway was prohibited by the 1800's) what would you consider 100% Norwegian ancestry?
Really what you need is a single prolific settler who happened to have a Denisovan ancestor. Just one. Does not seem unlikely to me, particularly if Denisovans evolved to take advantage of cold climates.
Bjork is from Iceland and she is definitely one of the most exotic looking people ever. She doesn't look European or Asian. She almost looks like a slightly different species.
"The recorded history of Iceland began with the settlement by Viking explorers and the people they enslaved from Western Europe, particularly in modern-day Norway and the British Isles, in the late ninth century. Iceland was still uninhabited long after the rest of Western Europe had been settled. Recorded settlement has conventionally been dated back to 874, although archaeological evidence indicates Gaelic monks from Ireland, known as papar according to sagas, may have settled Iceland earlier." Which means evry sibgle trand of DNA originates from Scandinavia and the rest of it predominately northern Europe! Though the whale hunt expeditions in the Atlantic and the slavehunting in the Atlantic ocean did bring some southern European and Northafrican DNA as well! (Educate yourself before embarrasment! :)
According to genetic genealogy there are 2 Native American B mitochondria lines that were brought back from either Greenland or North America. But something interesting that I am finding is that my son is getting autosomal DNA matches to Swedish people that have the Q m242 usually attributed to Native America. So there seem to be a lot of cr5ossover between Scandanavia and North America.
Maybe the group that went with Leiv Eriksson interbred before returning to Greenland? Or, I suppose, interbred with natives of Greenland, which later interbred with American natives?
@@eirintowneWell, the Norse lived in Greenland for centuries and we know that they had interaction with the Inuit, so there sure was mixing, and when the colonies collapsed and people went back to Iceland and Scandinavia they took those genes with them
There were Norse colonies in North America. There are also native American tales of encountering large pale skin men with yellow and red hair in the midwest USA by the Great Lakes. I believe as of a few years ago DNA does say a majority of people in Iceland trace back to multiple North American tribes, coast and great lakes regions
Actually, the Neanderthal Y chromosome stayed in the Neandterthals. There are no Neanderthal Y-chromosome genes in modern humans; other chromosomes did contribute through hybridization.
Old news. The norse mixed with native Americans in Iceland and according to their writings brought a few settlers of North Eurasian ancestry with them. Fins and Sami have even more denisovan, still very very little.
Native Americans don't exist. You mean they mixed with the Paleo-Eskimos and the Thule in Greenland, surely. But did they actually mix? Or did the Thule colonize Greenland and thrive while the Norse Greenlanders couldn't and went back to Iceland?
No the mdna (maternal) haplogroup C1 found in Icelanders is typical of native American populations, not Inuit or Eskimo, how ever you wanna call them. Scandinavians lack it so it was brought in during the settlement of Iceland.
@kasperkjrsgaard1447 bahahahaha, why are you mad? What is an 'American Indian'? "American Indian ‐ Native American" doesn't exist. "Native Americans" are from Eastern and Southern Asia.
@@TheGreaterBenefic I'm saying race doesn't matter to God. We don't need to worry about who deserves what, or who made us, or why we're here, because those questions have already been answered in the Bible. If you haven't read it before, I highly recommend it.
I’d love to have my dna tested for Denisovan dna, are there commercial tests available like there are for Neanderthal dna? My paternal line has always lived in western Norway. These are the same people who populated Iceland.
Dude, the only one making the error is you. Neanderthals have been found at Vindija Croatia .... You can't do 5 minutes of research before you accuse someone else of errors? 🙄 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindija_Cave
Early Icelandic populations did capture women from many other countries around Europe? They have a lot of Irish dna too, maybe its possible the denisovan dna came from some of those populations in other parts of Europe
@@BrandyRUclips99, everyone must realize! We humans have been around for 350,000 years. Since then, much like now, people have always moved around and mixed.You came from 2 people, they came from 4, who came from 8, and so on. So if someone is from a exclusive or pure race, that would mean they only bred with family and relatives. Your ancestors, and there are lots of them, could have came from anywhere.
.... In the 7th century, maybe. Since then, Skandinavia had significant gene exchange with central and southern Europe. Iceland is special because its population had very little intermixing since sailing developed far enough to connect Skandinavia to the wider world.
You spelled "Poor Comprehension" wrong. There are citations of peer-reviewed studies in the video and in the accompanying text, of particular note is data from the Bioinformatics Research Centre (BiRC) at Aarhus University and Laurits Skov, Moisès Coll Macià, Garðar Sveinbjörnsson, Fabrizio Mafessoni, Elise A. Lucotte, Margret S. Einarsdóttir, Hakon Jonsson, Bjarni Halldorsson, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Agnar Helgason, Mikkel Heide Schierup, Kari Stefansson. Of course, I'm sure you have more experience on the topic because you read a few Wikipedia pages once. It would be more apt to say that you have "So much brain, so little activity..."
interesting find, Island was settled by Vikings around year 800, and also known to take/trade slaves "trälar" .. assuming that they had some iteraction there with their slaves and inuites thus the genes in their population ?
@@HighlyCompelling has this been confirmed by other labs? The issue is two fold: 1) The numbers of people returning to Africa from Europe would be relatively few in number compared to the total population of Africans. 2) The distances in Africa are huge and terrain difficult such that some African populations are effectively isolated. Combined these factors intuitively suggest that it is unlikely that ALL Africans will have Neandertal DNA. We’d really need multiple labs to confirm these findings.
The Neanderthals live predominantly in colder climates where vegetation is scarce. So they are more likely carnivorous. Unlike their cousins the modern humans who lived in warmer regions. The latter developed a keen eye on the medicinal benefits of some plants. This lead them to have a better chance of survival.
Actually, only few Neanderthals lived in the northern mammoth steppe in front of the ice shield, the majority preferred the woodland zone and warmer climates
@@andrewlove3686 Modern Humans evolved in Africa, hybridisation with Neanderthals and Denisovans can only have occurred after Modern Humans left Africa, the term Modern Human refers to Homo sapiens and H. sapiens first appeared in Africa.
As a Norwegian with preschool, sure we still are "largely" Denisovan for your commercial success as a "content creator" for "Alphabet". It does not have to be true if you earn a dime as our American friends know all too well.
he misses the point that icelanders interbred with some of the indigenous American people, and that they definitely carry denisovan. as well, there are the Saami. My Danish husband who carries some Norwegian ancestry also has some denisovan. i am part indigenous american, and carry denisovan. also, denisovans weren't strictly northern/arctic people. and his statements about no male hybrids is unproven speculation. show me the evidence.
@@kachinaneon There were no indigenous people in Iceland. What are you talking about? First humans to settle there were the Norse, and they brought Celtic wives from Ireland and Scotland.
@@DustinHawke , do the research. Haplogroup C1e, which is tied to the settlement of the Americas, is found in Iceland. There is also DNA proof that R1b1 ended up in Eastern North America prior to Columbus So, did all the DNA travel magically? Gene flow betwixt populations usually indicates encountering each other.....
At 6:24 into the video, you say that the Earth's orbit was more elliptical, and that the Northern Hemisphere experienced summer closer to Sun. What is your evidence of this? Right now, the Northern Hemisphere experiences summer when Earth is farthest from the Sun, which gives the North a week or so longer spring and summer than the South. And a week less of winter and fall. Are you suggesting this was not always true?
Closer to the Sun than we are today which occurred during warm periods such as 120,000 years ago around 230,000 years ago and around 330,000 years ago when the climate was warmer than today for around 10,000 years
@@HighlyCompelling Can you cite a source? I have never heard of this. While I can accept small changes and adjustments to the Earth's orbit, I find it hard to believe that it would have a noticeable difference in our distance from the Sun. A far more likely cause is a change in the sun's energy output, or green house gases, or a combination of such effects.
Interesting. I carry .19% Denisovan. I've wondered how I got it. I've found out that I also carry some Icelandic and other Northern DNA (Finnish). My archaic ancestry shows markers from Denisova Cave. So God only knows who it came from.
@AxionXIII Of course they did. They were raiders, virtually all men, they would have found women they liked during their raids and simply taken them with them when they left.
I found it a bit confusing towards the end, why modern human genes did not enter the Neanderthal genome. If women were exchanged between the two communities, their daughters would have brought their genes into the female line on both sides. You wouldn't find Y-chromosomes exchanged on either side, but you would find all the rest. Have I missed something?
There's a less exciting explanation. The DNA variants we share with Neanderthals and "Denisovans" (already mostly the same these two) are derived from archaic modern sapiens (as in us). Variable survival/loss of these variants across the globe in modern times could be down bottlenecks/drift. Whatever, the aDNA samples are too few to draw the big conclusions here.
They assimilated u imbecile. They didn't care about survival for sake of species, but sake of family, food, progression etc. uniting again, yet in past they were ones evolved first and ahead for long time. Modern Sapiens in Africa evolved from Neandethalic/Archaic Hominins cuz they needed them to survive more North they go. So before those hybrid Neandetharls there were sapiens of Neandethal heritage from middle East, everyone they mix they evolve and migrate.
@@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885 Cheers. Isn't it amazing how the Neanderthal brand has been extensively rehabilitated since the discovery that we share a couple of % DNA?
@@peteracton2246 thanks - yes that was the most fascinating tidbit of that science article - that the whole "neanderthal DNA traits" has been overblown. One claim is that humans used dogs to hunt better and that was our great advantage to having bigger camps, more food, etc. It didn't take long for humans to take over neanderthals though - a few generations I think?
@@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885 Thanks, and agreed. On the bottom line we are just too distanced in time to be sure (ever) exactly what "happened". We do know that we survived and prospered and they didn't. I have some of their DNA but I won't be buying the T-shirt!
Very interesting subject. Is it possible that the environment of Iceland has put selective pressure on denisovan DNA already present in the population to increase its presence in modern Icelandic humans? In other words is it possible that denisovan traits were more frequently selected in in Iceland due to environmental pressures?
why would iceland have been unpopulated before nordic or celtics did find the place -but i guess if denisovans ate every mamal on the iceland and cut down every tree for fire I guess theyre would be not much left for them or sapians to live with
We haven't found cave art from Neaderthals, but they did have sophisticated tools, jewellery etc. Also cooking probably came with the earlier Homininae; Home erectus, and is common to both species The last statements about Neaderthals, i kind of don't agree with. To make sophisticated tools (like Neaderthals did), you need shared language and a culture. Same with ceremonial burial and clothing, which the Neaderthals were adept at. The xenophobic concept of not admixing genes doesn't quite make sense either, as Neanderthal and Denisovan genes probably exist in many modern Americo-Eurasian human genes populations (but not in sub-Saharan African peoples). But Denisovans were probably genetically close enough to Neaderthals to interbreed sucessfully with fertile offspring, or were the same species, This "extinction" of Neanderthals is ominious, simply because it may herald the extinction of our own species, but in our case from climate change or ourselves, not being overwhemed by Homo sapiens originating from another continent (Africa) like the Neanderthals seemingly were. The exinction of Neanderthals c. 40,000 BP might also help to date the "out of Africa" theory for many modern humans, c. 50,000 to 70,000 B.P. which is not long enough to allow speciation to occur amongst the newcomers going to different islands and continents. As a primate, Homo Sapiens pre c. 1500AD was one of the most widespread mammals on Earth. Humans only finally set foot on Antarctica by the late nineteenth century (probably Norwegian sealers).
"Anatomically-modern" humans is a loaded phrase. It's not nuts, though, to wonder if the proverbial Sap baby born 250kya raised in the 21st century, assuming immunities and vaccines, would just fit right in: nurture, cuz the nature is identical. Isn't what you're dancing around, the question whether a Neander person might, in the identical way, just fit right in? (perhaps with an unfair advantage in a couple dozen Olympic sports we've just seen, no need to go there.)
Are there caves in Iceland? Perhaps it's time to hunt for caves and especially caves that are closed there. I wonder if Denisovans or Neanderthals lived there?
I am thinking Sami peoples from europe had mixed in Scandinavia or perhaps some pre-inuit populations that made it to iceland. Could the icelanders through raiding have seized native american women. If the icelanders did already have the Denisovan genes, they likely got them from some population of Sami.
I feel this video is trying to say that the Sami people played a larger part in ancient Norse culture than what modern society thinks they did. Which sounds entirely possible, especially if the DNA says so. There is a stereotype in the Slavic world that the Sami are a cannibalistic warrior people. That does not make any sense when you look at them today as nomadic reindeer herders. But it does make a lot of sense if more than half the Sami population is the Norse of European lore. Raiding settlements; killing and enslaving people.
another video roughly named .. "We are not descended from ALL our ancestors". That's a conversation starter. This is not my field. but it asserts that your father passed along his parents' genes 50 / 50. But your mother passed along her parents genes at closer to 66.6 to 33.3. That anomoly over many countless generations would sideline some components of our female ancestry. If true, it adds another deviation in just who's genes we carry.
I get tired of hearing Neanderthals and Denisovans labelled as different species or subspecies. The interbreading clearly rules them out as a differrent species and the term subspecies is very subjective, not adequately defined and ridiculous. Because they were not different species the offspring cannot be considered as hybrid. Neanderthals and Denisovans were just groups of homo sapiens with distinctive features (not significantly greater than what many different peoples today show).
🤔.. hmmm. The inconsistency around this conversation has annoyed me too. But I’m not sure it’s right to just classify either genome as simple variation. Maybe the field needs to rethink its terminology.
i found out something today n y-chromosone come from se asia but is also in nganasan in talmyr peninsula, samoyed who have genetics traces from eastern asia
Total clickbait: 3. Total genetic composition: A more complete breakdown of an Icelander's genetic composition might look something like this: - Homo sapiens DNA: ~97.9% - Neanderthal DNA: ~2% (approximate, based on typical non-African populations) - Denisovan DNA: ~0.1% Do you see what they did to twist the meaning if this data?
Neanderthal people are not "extinct", we might as well say that our predecessors are extinct because we now have some % neanderthal dna in us. They're just more extinct than we are ;)
What's more crazy is the DNA shared between 'native' American tribes and western Europe that predates Columbus. There's a theory that during the ice age Atlantic sea ice formed a land bridge between Europe and America which was followed by Seal hunters.
We already know that the descendants of Ancient North Eurasians migrated west to Europe and also east to East Asia and North America a long time ago, so that's where the shared DNA comes from.
Icelanders also have genetic input from the people of Greenland, and the Inuit. Isn't it possible that the Denisovan found in Icelanders came via the Inuit, who have ancient Asian ancestry? Just look at the Icelandic singer Björk. She looks full-blooded Korean.
Simple. The black Viking, Geirmund Hjørson who founded Iceland mother was a woman named Ljuvina, a slave who possibly from Mongolia or Siberia which is an area Denisovan inhabited.
It’s a pretty exciting time - I feel grateful to be able to follow along as it unfolds from home. Thanks ❤
It really is...computers..mapping...amazing! This just blew my mind! I love it!
Greetings from Croatia! I've been to Vindija cave and it left me speechless. It's not often visited and it's easy to miss if you don't know what you're looking for. But don't worry there are signs near the place that point you in the right direction. The cave is bigger than I expected and it's easy to imagine what it must have looked like in prehistory.
Anyway, next time you go on a vacation to Croatia stop by and see it for yourself. The closest city nearby is Varaždin which is beautiful in its own way (Baroque) way.
Fascinating... Thank you. I'm so glad we keep finding out new information and possibilities. That we can be so connected
Try to find strong connections between Eurasians and the KhoiSan.
@@SEKreiverthere are no "eurasians". There are many connections between old europeans such as germans and bantu people like flat skul, convex back of the head and so on.
My first thought was Inuit migration from Greenland with the Vikings back to Iceland, Bjork had to get her looks from somewhere.
My bent pinky finger is diagnosed as Dupetryn’s contracture, which is evidence from Neanderthal lineage! Wow, I was so excited to learn of my own connection through millennia.
I can think of two plausible sources. First of all, we know that some people on Iceland have mitrochondrial dna that is inheited from native North Americans, but not Inuit. Supposedly the settlers in Vinland brought one or more North American women back to Iceland when the colony was deserted in the 11th century. Thatks one possible source. Another option is through Geirmund Heljarskin’s family. He was one of the richest men on Iceland and the son of a local ”king” in Norway. His twin brother inherited the throne, but when Norway became united they lost everything, and Geirmund eventually settled on Iceland. His nickname ”heljarskin” indicated that his skin was black as death, and he is also referred to as The Black Viking. His mother was a darkskinned woman (supposedly princess) from Bjarmarland, which was somewhere on the northern coast of Siberia. As walrusses had been hunted to extinction in Norway, Geirmund’s father sailed north, rounded the Kola peninsula and made landfall somewhere in Siberia. There he negotiated a deal with the locals, who were dark skinned and hunted walrus, that he would buy all the skins and ivory they could provide, and to confirm the bond created between the two peoples he married the daughter of the local king(?) and brought her with him to Norway. She gave birth to twin sons to him, I have no idea if there were more siblings. As the sons grew older one brother was to inherit the local kingdom in Norway, and the other (Geirmund) was sent to Bjarmarland, where he married a local woman and was to be the Norwegian representative in the area, preparing deliveries of walrus skin and ivory. After they had lost their kingdom Geirmund returned from Bjarmarland with his dark skinned wife and settled on Iceland. There were still walrus there at that time. He traded a lot with Dublin and even lived their from time to time. Geirmund and his wife had plenty of children, and it is speculated that this may be the reason some people on Iceland have the same skin fold in the corner of their eye as Asian people do.
Little is known of the people Geirmund’s mother and wife belonged to. I don’t think anyone even knows exactly where Bjarmarland was situated. Explorers in Siberia in the 19th century mention a dark skinned people on the Arctic coast that hunted walrus, but with Europeans arriving in the area the walrus were hunted to extinction and this culture was destroyed. Supposedly the last remnants of this people then joined and intermarried with other groups in the area and there is no longer any truly dark skinned population living there. But since they hailed from Northern Siberia I think it’s quite plausible they had some Denisovan ancestry.
Chieftain's often like the Khans have multiple mistresses so they can have a large effect on populations.
Beautiful story. But what's your source? How do we know it's not just a story? Proof, please. Not just speculation.
@@andriesscheper2022 google Geirmundur Heljarskinn
i did wonder about the native amercan mtdna which happened ad 1500-1700?
@@PaulRumbold-wk5re It probably happened earlier, because we know people from Iceland had contact with native Americans in the 11th century. It is possible there were sporadic contacts later, as the peope in the Greenland colony would go to ”Markland” (probably labrador) for timber, as there were no trees on Greenland. But the Greenland colony died out in the 14th century, and it is very unlikely that there was any contact after that. Also, up till the 12th century there are few or no written records, but after that the people on Iceland kept records of almost everything, so any Native Americans arriving to Iceland that late would most certainly have been documented.
A male liger (male lion and tigress hybrid) is sterile, but female ligers are fertile. A male tigon (male tiger and female lioness hybrid) is also sterile but female tigon are rarely fertile. Would that be somewhat true in this sense? Hybrid fertility depends upon the mitochondrial inheritance? Neander-sovan, or Den-neanderthal, only females of one could breed.
Most likely
It also depends on how closely the species are related. For example, canines of all types can produce fertile offspring. Dogs, wolves, jackals, coyotes, and foxes can all produce fertile offspring of both sexes.
@@arronjerden915 Wait u can cross a fox with a dog? How is it called, need to look that up.
There is also this odd 'rule' (means, it is not true in all cases) that men take after their mothers amd women after their fathers. Probably a survival-help for children if the family they grew up in questioned their paternity, if a son is more likely to look like his maternal grandfather than his father, he can avoid being 'sorted out' by his paternal relatives and still be sent to a maternal uncle to foster, while a girl should better have her father's mother's aid in surviving to adulthood, what in patrilocal societies is very important.
In long-term population-genomics (we had several disease bottlenecks in tensly populated areas that helped the survival of fringe-populations, and on the fringes / in the woodlands gather psychological misfits and loners, a character-trait, that is associated with Neandertal-Inheritance) - this might explain why after so many milennias there are still some men who have much harsher features and fleeing foreheads, that make them look more 'ancient' if you'd just judge them by their skeletons.
I'm still contemplating that I once saw no neandertal, nor dennisovan but - judged solely by his sceletal built and facial features - a living homo erectus, who with his enourmous fingers fitted in perfectly a tiny-tiny battery in a very small wristwatch that had half the size of one of his fingertips. Looks deceive on what is 'a brute'.
@@MagnaMater2 That was an interesting read. Thank you for the comment. Do u maybe have some videos or articles to dig further into this?
The very best, most respectfull article, that I watched lately and now. Thank you.
Awesome 👍😎 video looks like our ancestors were quite the globe trotters very interesting cheers guys
“Irish and British Isles”
We appreciate the distinction. I look forward to watching the rest of your videos!
the term British Isles goes back a very long way..... Brettanídes nē̂soi to the ancient Greeks and Britannicae insulae to the Romans.
Pandering to modern political prejudices like this is just attempted Newspeak.
@@tomgoff7887 You’re a quarter right. Half right about the age of the term and half right about political pandering.
For as long as the island of Great Britain was known to the Greeks, Hibernia had a separate name.
I’ll let you do the mental jumping jacks on that one.
It’s a colonial term akin to Dutch East Indies. It’s no longer true let alone relevant. Given the division and bad blood that still permeates the recent history of the region. Continuing to use an antiquated term and feigning ignorance just perpetuates the otherwise fading animosity.
But I’d like to add that my comment was to show appreciation to the script writer. Even if the distinction was made for literary reasons it felt of a higher quality than the poorly researched garbage scripts I mostly find today.
@@--Bran "british Isles" include all of the Archipelago,(including ireland) you're probably confusing it with "British Islands", That include only the territory of the United Kingdom and its dependencies in the archipelago.
@@stevenmora0017there's no confusion, the term is not recognised in Ireland.
New to some of us - and very cool. Thanks ❤😊
Again miss representation because Iceland is settled by Scandinavians let's say in general but Baltic sea peninsula was also populated by seminomadic Sámi people which originated from Siberia specifically from Altai region like Ainu of Japan. There's long history of mixing between Sámi and Scandinavians and now days they physically appear like north europeans.
The history is even more interesting. Sami people now speak one of Finnish languages (originated from Siberia), but main words in their language (like soil) are of completely different, unknown origin. It might be that old Europeans who were hunting in North Europe mixed with not so big percentage of Northern Finnish reindeer breeders.
Sami dna is not that different from other Nordic people, except that roughly 40% of men belong to the Y chromosome haplogroup N, that is derived from Siberia. The N haplogroup is fairly common among Finns as well. The Sami mitrochondrial dna is mostly Scandinavian hunter gatherer, but also has other ”normal” haplogroups for Scandinavia. Thus it seems the Sami are mainly made up of the last Scandinavian hunter gatherers, who have lived in the region since the ice disappeared, but have mixed with nomadic reindeer herders from Siberia at some point in the early iron age. This seems confirmed by the reindeer being herded by the Sami are closer relatives to Siberian reindeer than to the last remaining wild reindeer in Norway.
That's what I said! I even used the Ainu similarity to my Sami ancestors as an illustration! Perhaps we are related?
@@ASAS-dn4veSami genetics is basically the same as other Europeans, except for a small Percentage of siberian dna.
Most of Europe had it's populations replaced again and again. The further south, the more mass migration. There were even European looking people in China (West Tarim Basin). We are still learning about what happened.
I'm surprised to find out that the Denisovans were the real cold-weather specialists vs. the Neanderthals! I always assumed that Neanderthals were the survivors of the Ice Age.
Thank you for Sharing, there is a lot of information there to try to digest and make sense of.
During the Ice Age, the Denisovans could have easily walked from northern Asia to northern Europe.
More likely modern humans picked up that DNA before they even got to Europe and was living in Central Asia.
In the Ice Age much of Scandinavia and the British Isles and Ireland were under glaciers.
@@mrbaab5932 Yep. Way under.
Founder effect because of small population.
You have NO idea what you are talking about when it comes to Iceland. Nobody could have walked there from anywhere at anytime.
I recognize quality content when I come across it. Subscribed!
Humanity needs to embrace the profound contributions of Neanderthals the evidence is far too overwhelming to discount their evolutionary mark. Far too often they've been portrayed in a negative light which is something that I've never bought into. Just simple logic and perhaps an open mind are my only credentials however when you consider the thousands of years Neanderthals existed along with the predators they faced on a daily basis plus climactic challenges they couldn't be anything else but successful and intelligent in their own right. And thank you for yet another thought provoking video 👍👍👍
I have truly enjoyed this video; thank you. Like many other humans, I did my dna (four different companies, to make sure 🤷♀️), and found out that I have a higher percentage of Neanderthal and belong to interesting Haplogroup, which is mostly found in Sami, and Scandinavian countries - both parents have Scandi ancestors. Mum blue eyes blonde, dad green eyes, dark hair. Mum’s dna/Haplogroup goes back over 40,000 years. I find the whole thing absolutely fascinating, amazing, in fact just simply magical.
I am amazed there is an avenue for bright insightful researchers to reach me in my basement to teach me information I would resist in a classroom. I found 2 brilliant creators yesterday, so I have a fresh catalogue to binge watch again. I love learning new things, especially things that refute our arbitrary philosophical and religious beliefs. Your content is very polished and concise.
Thank you !
Any people who can survive in the northern world have some good stock and something working for them.
Brutal Darwinian conditions for thousands of generations... It leaves a mark.
You could say the Denisovans had it goin on. But not the sporkfoots.
I'm not sure this is new. There was some news on this a year or two ago. Interesting for sure.
Wasn't there a recent study showing that the Neanderthal Y chromosome was replaced by the Y chromosome of modern humans?
Yes, you are correct. But conversely interbreeding with Neanderthals did not replace the modern human Y chromosome, which demonstrates our lineage remained mostly intact while male Neanderthal genetics was completely replaced. Basically, modern human genomes have purged well over 90% of Neanderthal genes.
The Icelandic and Greenland settlers encountered Inuit and dorset Indians in the Canadian North. The ancestors of Inuit and dorsets migrated from Siberia and would have had a high percentage of denisovan dna. The Vikings were known to take female slaves whenever they had the opportunity
That does not explain though why I have 4% Denisovan DNA without being Icelandic, nor Greenlandic, but rather have 20% Scandinavian DNA and 80% British and Irish Isles. How do you explain that?
@@tornraw I think you need to rephrase you comment so that we can understand your pount
Dna tests are flawed
Nobody is pure anything, today or thousands of years ago.
4:35 "... as with all genetic studies there are alternative explanation for the patterns we observe" is the quiet but blaring admission here but not just with modern takes on recent Icelandic make up but it applies doubly with the main thesis if not by many multiples beyond. To say that we descend in any way from Neanderthals or Denisovans is a wacky take and an utter confidence trick. The alternative explanation omitted being that we simply did not mix with them at all and all similarities stem from either an earlier common ancestor or that humans mixed with denesovans but not vice versa.
Wow! So many copyright violations. Why not cite the studies whose figures are shown?
Are you always such an asshole?
RUclips as a platform heavily relies on "fair use" and what's wrong with some aggregated reporting of scientific discovery?
Why do I get the feeling you don't have a single interesting story you could tell anyone about your life? 😬🖕
I’m 100% of Norwegian ancestry. Equal parts of Neanderthal and Denisovan
Really? I thought we were much more Neanderthal.
My wife has very mixed ancestry. English Irish Scotland Scandinavian 3% Neandertal , small % ages of Yakute (northern Siberian) Turkish Iranian Ghana.
How interesting! As we know Norway was established by a Finnish prince called Norr and that there has been a vast population of Finns in Norway (Finnish as a spoken language in Norway was prohibited by the 1800's) what would you consider 100% Norwegian ancestry?
@@Eulaalia10Thats not how Norway was formed at all
Would you..or can you ..is it possible to do the Sami and Ainu peoples? I love your work!!!! Thank you!!!!
Fascinating
Really what you need is a single prolific settler who happened to have a Denisovan ancestor. Just one. Does not seem unlikely to me, particularly if Denisovans evolved to take advantage of cold climates.
Bjork is from Iceland and she is definitely one of the most exotic looking people ever. She doesn't look European or Asian. She almost looks like a slightly different species.
They really got around.
"The recorded history of Iceland began with the settlement by Viking explorers and the people they enslaved from Western Europe, particularly in modern-day Norway and the British Isles, in the late ninth century. Iceland was still uninhabited long after the rest of Western Europe had been settled. Recorded settlement has conventionally been dated back to 874, although archaeological evidence indicates Gaelic monks from Ireland, known as papar according to sagas, may have settled Iceland earlier." Which means evry sibgle trand of DNA originates from Scandinavia and the rest of it predominately northern Europe! Though the whale hunt expeditions in the Atlantic and the slavehunting in the Atlantic ocean did bring some southern European and Northafrican DNA as well! (Educate yourself before embarrasment! :)
According to genetic genealogy there are 2 Native American B mitochondria lines that were brought back from either Greenland or North America. But something interesting that I am finding is that my son is getting autosomal DNA matches to Swedish people that have the Q m242 usually attributed to Native America. So there seem to be a lot of cr5ossover between Scandanavia and North America.
Maybe the group that went with Leiv Eriksson interbred before returning to Greenland? Or, I suppose, interbred with natives of Greenland, which later interbred with American natives?
@@eirintowneWell, the Norse lived in Greenland for centuries and we know that they had interaction with the Inuit, so there sure was mixing, and when the colonies collapsed and people went back to Iceland and Scandinavia they took those genes with them
There were Norse colonies in North America.
There are also native American tales of encountering large pale skin men with yellow and red hair in the midwest USA by the Great Lakes.
I believe as of a few years ago DNA does say a majority of people in Iceland trace back to multiple North American tribes, coast and great lakes regions
To be sure mixing globally.
Actually, the Neanderthal Y chromosome stayed in the Neandterthals. There are no Neanderthal Y-chromosome genes in modern humans; other chromosomes did contribute through hybridization.
Great photography of beautiful Iceland adds so much to this very interesting story
1:05 - a telecom tower in the background, hahaha :)
Old news. The norse mixed with native Americans in Iceland and according to their writings brought a few settlers of North Eurasian ancestry with them. Fins and Sami have even more denisovan, still very very little.
Native Americans don't exist.
You mean they mixed with the Paleo-Eskimos and the Thule in Greenland, surely.
But did they actually mix? Or did the Thule colonize Greenland and thrive while the Norse Greenlanders couldn't and went back to Iceland?
No the mdna (maternal) haplogroup C1 found in Icelanders is typical of native American populations, not Inuit or Eskimo, how ever you wanna call them. Scandinavians lack it so it was brought in during the settlement of Iceland.
@randomlee4308 what is "native American"?
@@panzer00
An american indian, God dammit. How difficult can it be to understand that?
@kasperkjrsgaard1447 bahahahaha, why are you mad?
What is an 'American Indian'?
"American Indian ‐ Native American" doesn't exist. "Native Americans" are from Eastern and Southern Asia.
It doesn't matter anyway, we are all His people. Christ be praised!
it does matter. We deserve to know our history and ancestry. Because we need to know who made us and why/what for, so there are no cults.
@@TheGreaterBenefic I'm saying race doesn't matter to God. We don't need to worry about who deserves what, or who made us, or why we're here, because those questions have already been answered in the Bible. If you haven't read it before, I highly recommend it.
I’d love to have my dna tested for Denisovan dna, are there commercial tests available like there are for Neanderthal dna? My paternal line has always lived in western Norway. These are the same people who populated Iceland.
They have a lot of Irish/Scot in them too mate
and another error: Neanderthals were not found at Vindija site in Croatia, but near the city of Krapina..
Dude, the only one making the error is you. Neanderthals have been found at Vindija Croatia .... You can't do 5 minutes of research before you accuse someone else of errors? 🙄
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindija_Cave
Early Icelandic populations did capture women from many other countries around Europe? They have a lot of Irish dna too, maybe its possible the denisovan dna came from some of those populations in other parts of Europe
Your timeline is way off.
@@lakanron640 Cut them some slack, their timeline is only 49,000 years off from being possible.
I have Malaysian dna (trace amounts) and I found it odd cause I’m white with mostly Northern European dna
@@BrandyRUclips99, everyone must realize! We humans have been around for 350,000 years. Since then, much like now, people have always moved around and mixed.You came from 2 people, they came from 4, who came from 8, and so on. So if someone is from a exclusive or pure race, that would mean they only bred with family and relatives. Your ancestors, and there are lots of them, could have came from anywhere.
@@lakanron640 I think the interesting part is these people are even more ancient than Neanderthals so there’s prob ALOT we don’t know
Awesome 🧡✨
fantastic scenery
They wouldn't have any more than Norwegians or indigenous N-Euros.
Yes they would. You weren't paying attention.
.... In the 7th century, maybe. Since then, Skandinavia had significant gene exchange with central and southern Europe. Iceland is special because its population had very little intermixing since sailing developed far enough to connect Skandinavia to the wider world.
@@philippweidenkaff9574Significant? errm no, besides being near wiped out by the plague
So much speculation, so little evidence...
You spelled "Poor Comprehension" wrong. There are citations of peer-reviewed studies in the video and in the accompanying text, of particular note is data from the Bioinformatics Research Centre (BiRC) at Aarhus University and Laurits Skov, Moisès Coll Macià, Garðar Sveinbjörnsson, Fabrizio Mafessoni, Elise A. Lucotte, Margret S. Einarsdóttir, Hakon Jonsson, Bjarni Halldorsson, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Agnar Helgason, Mikkel Heide Schierup, Kari Stefansson.
Of course, I'm sure you have more experience on the topic because you read a few Wikipedia pages once.
It would be more apt to say that you have "So much brain, so little activity..."
@@ausgepicht So much speculation, so little evidence...
DNA does not lie
interesting find, Island was settled by Vikings around year 800, and also known to take/trade slaves "trälar" .. assuming that they had some iteraction there with their slaves and inuites thus the genes in their population ?
So for most people the answer is to buy the cheapest pair you can find and use be prepared to replace them after a few uses.
I wonder if they then have the gene for high altitude living as people of Nepal and Tibet who also carry Denisovan dna?
This is incorrect: 8:39 “all sapiens have Neanderthal DNA”…not those of pure African heritage.
www.science.org/content/article/africans-carry-surprising-amount-neanderthal-dna
@@HighlyCompelling has this been confirmed by other labs? The issue is two fold:
1) The numbers of people returning to Africa from Europe would be relatively few in number compared to the total population of Africans.
2) The distances in Africa are huge and terrain difficult such that some African populations are effectively isolated.
Combined these factors intuitively suggest that it is unlikely that ALL Africans will have Neandertal DNA. We’d really need multiple labs to confirm these findings.
You're doubting this in a lot of comments. But i dont think this is poor academia.
The Neanderthals live predominantly in colder climates where vegetation is scarce. So they are more likely carnivorous. Unlike their cousins the modern humans who lived in warmer regions. The latter developed a keen eye on the medicinal benefits of some plants. This lead them to have a better chance of survival.
Actually, only few Neanderthals lived in the northern mammoth steppe in front of the ice shield, the majority preferred the woodland zone and warmer climates
Modern humans didn't exist until after hybridization.
@@andrewlove3686 Modern Humans evolved in Africa, hybridisation with Neanderthals and Denisovans can only have occurred after Modern Humans left Africa, the term Modern Human refers to Homo sapiens and H. sapiens first appeared in Africa.
So that's why they keep talking about elves and trolls
Maybe the Vikings who settle Iceland brought in a few Scraeling (Native American) women. Native Americans have Denisovan ancestry.
@nat9909, I know people in my community here in Iceland, that share Björk's special look
As a Norwegian with preschool, sure we still are "largely" Denisovan for your commercial success as a "content creator" for "Alphabet". It does not have to be true if you earn a dime as our American friends know all too well.
Iceland? How the hell did Denisovan DNA get to Iceland? That’s crazy.
Northern Europe and forward to the Vikings, who went to Scotland, Ireland, and Iceland.
he misses the point that icelanders interbred with some of the indigenous American people, and that they definitely carry denisovan. as well, there are the Saami. My Danish husband who carries some Norwegian ancestry also has some denisovan. i am part indigenous american, and carry denisovan.
also, denisovans weren't strictly northern/arctic people.
and his statements about no male hybrids is unproven speculation. show me the evidence.
@@kachinaneon There were no indigenous people in Iceland. What are you talking about? First humans to settle there were the Norse, and they brought Celtic wives from Ireland and Scotland.
@@DustinHawke , do the research. Haplogroup C1e, which is tied to the settlement of the Americas, is found in Iceland.
There is also DNA proof that R1b1 ended up in Eastern North America prior to Columbus
So, did all the DNA travel magically?
Gene flow betwixt populations usually indicates encountering each other.....
The Fins, Sami, probably all mixed with Norwegians, who then also may have brought some Greenland natives back with them as well.
What about Neanderthal males carrying sapien Y chromosomes. This suggests that the sapien Y chromosome simply outcompeted the Neanderthal chromosome.
I have Icelandic DNA
At 6:24 into the video, you say that the Earth's orbit was more elliptical, and that the Northern Hemisphere experienced summer closer to Sun. What is your evidence of this? Right now, the Northern Hemisphere experiences summer when Earth is farthest from the Sun, which gives the North a week or so longer spring and summer than the South. And a week less of winter and fall. Are you suggesting this was not always true?
Closer to the Sun than we are today which occurred during warm periods such as 120,000 years ago around 230,000 years ago and around 330,000 years ago when the climate was warmer than today for around 10,000 years
@@HighlyCompelling Can you cite a source? I have never heard of this. While I can accept small changes and adjustments to the Earth's orbit, I find it hard to believe that it would have a noticeable difference in our distance from the Sun. A far more likely cause is a change in the sun's energy output, or green house gases, or a combination of such effects.
@@RoseBenson-jv5xm
I've never heard of either, I stopped the video @6:20 because it sounded so ridiculous
Interesting. I carry .19% Denisovan. I've wondered how I got it. I've found out that I also carry some Icelandic and other Northern DNA (Finnish). My archaic ancestry shows markers from Denisova Cave. So God only knows who it came from.
Settled by Scandinavians yes, but were they going to do any work? No way, so they kidnapped lots of Picts, Britons and Irish
You mean lazy Picts, Britons and Irish? All that lot were good for was the ale barrel 😂
More like they took women. Most Icelandic females are like 50% Irish.
@AxionXIII Of course they did. They were raiders, virtually all men, they would have found women they liked during their raids and simply taken them with them when they left.
I found it a bit confusing towards the end, why modern human genes did not enter the Neanderthal genome. If women were exchanged between the two communities, their daughters would have brought their genes into the female line on both sides. You wouldn't find Y-chromosomes exchanged on either side, but you would find all the rest. Have I missed something?
Homo sapien women could not create fertile offspring with Neanderthal men
There's a less exciting explanation. The DNA variants we share with Neanderthals and "Denisovans" (already mostly the same these two) are derived from archaic modern sapiens (as in us). Variable survival/loss of these variants across the globe in modern times could be down bottlenecks/drift. Whatever, the aDNA samples are too few to draw the big conclusions here.
They assimilated u imbecile. They didn't care about survival for sake of species, but sake of family, food, progression etc. uniting again, yet in past they were ones evolved first and ahead for long time.
Modern Sapiens in Africa evolved from Neandethalic/Archaic Hominins cuz they needed them to survive more North they go. So before those hybrid Neandetharls there were sapiens of Neandethal heritage from middle East, everyone they mix they evolve and migrate.
reading the link provided is way better than listening to this vid.
@@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885 Cheers. Isn't it amazing how the Neanderthal brand has been extensively rehabilitated since the discovery that we share a couple of % DNA?
@@peteracton2246 thanks - yes that was the most fascinating tidbit of that science article - that the whole "neanderthal DNA traits" has been overblown. One claim is that humans used dogs to hunt better and that was our great advantage to having bigger camps, more food, etc. It didn't take long for humans to take over neanderthals though - a few generations I think?
@@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885 Thanks, and agreed. On the bottom line we are just too distanced in time to be sure (ever) exactly what "happened". We do know that we survived and prospered and they didn't.
I have some of their DNA but I won't be buying the T-shirt!
I have 4% Denisovan DNA, and I am neither Icelandic, nor SE Asian or Pacifican, but >98% NW Europe (with
Very interesting subject. Is it possible that the environment of Iceland has put selective pressure on denisovan DNA already present in the population to increase its presence in modern Icelandic humans? In other words is it possible that denisovan traits were more frequently selected in in Iceland due to environmental pressures?
That is definitely possible.
Bottlenecks from natural disasters can cause genetic drift - no selection for any fitness might have occurred.
A bomb shell is the last thing you want on a Denisovan skeleton.
why would iceland have been unpopulated before nordic or celtics did find the place -but i guess if denisovans ate every mamal on the iceland and cut down every tree for fire I guess theyre would be not much left for them or sapians to live with
Everything is a “Bombshell”.
They where not isolated… they where Vikings from Scandinavia
Nothing surprising here. It all funnels through Scandinavia and Ireland (females kidnapped and taken to Iceland).
We haven't found cave art from Neaderthals, but they did have sophisticated tools, jewellery etc. Also cooking probably came with the earlier Homininae; Home erectus, and is common to both species
The last statements about Neaderthals, i kind of don't agree with. To make sophisticated tools (like Neaderthals did), you need shared language and a culture. Same with ceremonial burial and clothing, which the Neaderthals were adept at.
The xenophobic concept of not admixing genes doesn't quite make sense either, as Neanderthal and Denisovan genes probably exist in many modern Americo-Eurasian human genes populations (but not in sub-Saharan African peoples). But Denisovans were probably genetically close enough to Neaderthals to interbreed sucessfully with fertile offspring, or were the same species, This "extinction" of Neanderthals is ominious, simply because it may herald the extinction of our own species, but in our case from climate change or ourselves, not being overwhemed by Homo sapiens originating from another continent (Africa) like the Neanderthals seemingly were.
The exinction of Neanderthals c. 40,000 BP might also help to date the "out of Africa" theory for many modern humans, c. 50,000 to 70,000 B.P. which is not long enough to allow speciation to occur amongst the newcomers going to different islands and continents. As a primate, Homo Sapiens pre c. 1500AD was one of the most widespread mammals on Earth. Humans only finally set foot on Antarctica by the late nineteenth century (probably Norwegian sealers).
"Anatomically-modern" humans is a loaded phrase. It's not nuts, though, to wonder if the proverbial Sap baby born 250kya raised in the 21st century, assuming immunities and vaccines, would just fit right in: nurture, cuz the nature is identical.
Isn't what you're dancing around, the question whether a Neander person might, in the identical way, just fit right in? (perhaps with an unfair advantage in a couple dozen Olympic sports we've just seen, no need to go there.)
Icelanders are big strong people. Makes sense
Are there caves in Iceland? Perhaps it's time to hunt for caves and especially caves that are closed there. I wonder if Denisovans or Neanderthals lived there?
I am thinking Sami peoples from europe had mixed in Scandinavia or perhaps some pre-inuit populations that made it to iceland. Could the icelanders through raiding have seized native american women. If the icelanders did already have the Denisovan genes, they likely got them from some population of Sami.
I feel this video is trying to say that the Sami people played a larger part in ancient Norse culture than what modern society thinks they did. Which sounds entirely possible, especially if the DNA says so.
There is a stereotype in the Slavic world that the Sami are a cannibalistic warrior people. That does not make any sense when you look at them today as nomadic reindeer herders. But it does make a lot of sense if more than half the Sami population is the Norse of European lore. Raiding settlements; killing and enslaving people.
Sami do not have higher denisovan ancestry than other Scandinavians to my knowledge.
@@brianwhedon8442The Vikings held the Sami people in fairly high regard afaik, even hiring as 'clear sighted' advisors
Europeans do have Neanderthal admixture. "Pure" Neanderthals though, sounds strange to me.
The pronunciation is Denise o vin
Lowest common denominator usually wins 😊 😢
another video roughly named .. "We are not descended from ALL our ancestors". That's a conversation starter. This is not my field. but it asserts that your father passed along his parents' genes 50 / 50. But your mother passed along her parents genes at closer to 66.6 to 33.3. That anomoly over many countless generations would sideline some components of our female ancestry. If true, it adds another deviation in just who's genes we carry.
Now we know why Bjork looks like that. Dorset Culture (Skraeling) atavism.
Gives them that sexy elf look.
Good fact about us Neanderthal
S there, the last if the proper ones had a modern human wife.
the name of the cave in croatia is pronounced vin-dee-ya not vin-dee-jah
cool video nevertheless
I get tired of hearing Neanderthals and Denisovans labelled as different species or subspecies. The interbreading clearly rules them out as a differrent species and the term subspecies is very subjective, not adequately defined and ridiculous. Because they were not different species the offspring cannot be considered as hybrid. Neanderthals and Denisovans were just groups of homo sapiens with distinctive features (not significantly greater than what many different peoples today show).
Mmm or maybe homo erectus, the story of the gene tree is not linear
They were not humans
If they were homo sapiens they wouldnt be different
So, for you polar bears and grizzly bears are the same specie?
🤔.. hmmm. The inconsistency around this conversation has annoyed me too. But I’m not sure it’s right to just classify either genome as simple variation.
Maybe the field needs to rethink its terminology.
ANE population, to Finno-Uralic, to some escandinavian guy... it could have some logic.
I doubt they traded woman
i found out something today n y-chromosone come from se asia but is also in nganasan in talmyr peninsula, samoyed who have genetics traces from eastern asia
se asia is where denisovan lived
Total clickbait:
3. Total genetic composition: A more complete breakdown of an Icelander's genetic composition might look something like this:
- Homo sapiens DNA: ~97.9%
- Neanderthal DNA: ~2% (approximate, based on typical non-African populations)
- Denisovan DNA: ~0.1%
Do you see what they did to twist the meaning if this data?
The vikings being a multi ethnic group of people this was sort of predictable. 😂
multi-ethnic? they were exclusively Scandinav, though Scandinavia itself had to be settled once the ice withdrew
Neanderthal people are not "extinct", we might as well say that our predecessors are extinct because we now have some % neanderthal dna in us. They're just more extinct than we are ;)
Sometimes try exotic food.
What's more crazy is the DNA shared between 'native' American tribes and western Europe that predates Columbus. There's a theory that during the ice age Atlantic sea ice formed a land bridge between Europe and America which was followed by Seal hunters.
We already know that the descendants of Ancient North Eurasians migrated west to Europe and also east to East Asia and North America a long time ago, so that's where the shared DNA comes from.
@@rb98769 Sure. But I'm talking about more recent and specific genes than that.
Icelanders also have genetic input from the people of Greenland, and the Inuit. Isn't it possible that the Denisovan found in Icelanders came via the Inuit, who have ancient Asian ancestry? Just look at the Icelandic singer Björk. She looks full-blooded Korean.
Not in any dna study I've seen. Inuit dna in Icelanders would be well publicised if this was the case.
All siberians Do Not have ancestry ftom denisovans, only the Turkic tribes do. The finno ugric sami and Tungusic mongolic tribes are excluded.
Your quality is getting better, but you still have present some incomplete evidence and unproven assumptions.
Maybe the dna was useful
Simple. The black Viking, Geirmund Hjørson who founded Iceland mother was a woman named Ljuvina, a slave who possibly from Mongolia or Siberia which is an area Denisovan inhabited.
It's probably just Native Americans.