The Enigma of the Celtic Tomb
HTML-код
- Опубликовано: 9 сен 2024
- 2500 Years ago, a dynasty of Celtic Princes founded the first towns in Northern Europe. They constructed harbours along rivers and traded goods with people from all over Europe. This film presents new insights into Celtic history and culture thanks to exclusive access to the Celtic Tomb in Lavau (France) and the exceptionally rich and well-preserved collection of objects found on the gravesite.
This documentary is indeed a masterpiece.
Excellent documentary. I so enjoyed the ancient treasures discovered. The artistry and craftsmanship. Superb.
Watching the lovely archaeologist slowly uncover the large culdren, I realize What a great job she has! Imagine waking every morning looking forward to witnessing the unveiling of ancient history personally one piece of dirt at a time. What a great job!❤️
Gratidão por disponibilizar, infelizmente poucos brasileiros apoiando esses conteúdos incríveis
They are not the only ones . I feel Latin people need to start educating themselves. But it’s hard to teach and old dog new tricks. 😢 I am Latina.
As an Irish Celt I am so impressed with our history and the beautiful objects they valued!
In our local history and culture we created beautiful objects from gold , many of which are in the museums of Ireland and are truly magnificent. The were products of local creativity and not acquired by trade or gifts !
A wonderful understanding of out past.
Hi mate does the DNA match the modern Celtics
@@TimTam-ws8soWhy are you addressing someone as your 'mate' in such a hostile fashion? Why are you so triggered by an Irish person being proud of his Celtic history? Does he interfere with your pride in whatever culture you hail from?
@@Irene-im8xi Are you woke .Have you lost your mind . It is very common where i come from to call someone mate .
@@TimTam-ws8so ive been called cock by a new zealander and i told him just call me dick
@@TimTam-ws8soIt's rather sad that your use of a common FRIENDLY greeting to a person you have a connection with was met with automatic hostility. The DNA question makes perfect sense if you're up-to-date on the various DNA data collections to verify aspects of certain archaeological projects. The scientists studying Ouzi The Ice Man conducted an enormous DNA analysis of all of Europe, extending south of the Mediterranean. You're obviously informed of this and other DNA studies. I dont want to seem nosey, and by all means decline to answer this question...but were you by chance a participant in one or more of those studies? If so, how wonderful that you had that opportunity.
Спасибо! Очень интересный фильм и очень хороший перевод.
Посмотрел фильма 3 минуты, фильм го...но. Вот вы можете себе представить что умирает человек и вы кладете в могилу вещи которые сюда свезли за тысячи километров. Может все делалось не очень далеко, может это делалось посеемся? Или утверждение что кельты не имели письменности, лиш на основании что мы ее не нашли? Давайте на том же основании сделаем и другие предположения, ну скажем древние не писали, или не говорили.Да ладно чего я восмутился, вы все равно ничего не поймете
@@alf166 класть в могилу личные бытовые вещи и предметы роскоши в древности было принято у многих культур и народов. Вот , что меня точно возмущает и удивляет был обычай хоронить с хозяином его любимое животное, слуг , жену, если были при его жизни.
@alf166 That assertion is not based merely on not finding the writing. First, ancient sources like the Greek and Roman historians tell us this. Second, we have thousands of ancient Celtic artifacts with no evidence of writing on any of it. How much more proof do you need? Some people have a need to challenge accepted wisdom for no reason at all. Try challenging those ideas that are demonstrably wrong.
@@user-hc2zy2pm5yYes, that disturbs me as well. The practice of leading the chariot horses into the tomb and then slitting their throats. Truly barbaric.
@@alf166Да, торговля была, а письменности не было, отлично!
Спасибо большое, очень люблю такие документальные фильмы,узнать о наших предков как жили люди,чем занимались.
Вас не удивляет,что этот скелет нашли на вершина горы,которая за две тысячи лет не стала тронутой...да ещё показали мессу предметов с различных музеев...очередной лохотрон... специально обученные,знают своё чёрное дело четко....
@@user-vv8so4xq7zyes sir it’s one of the most horrible scams there is too, I bet he’s rolling around in his grave, oh never mind, I put him in the museum 😅🤨
One if the best documentary i have seen in a while! 👌😊
@@youareiamurim looks catalogue
@@youareiamurim documentary Ленина? Из какого документа Ленин извлёк революцию?
Too bad that they don’t have narrators acquainting themselves of the correct pronunciations of the various place names mentioned in this documentary. Unbelievable how they butcher the consonants and also the mispronunciation of certain vowels in regards to this Celtic/Germanic language. “CH” is not pronounced as “CK”, “I” is not pronounced as “EYE”, etc, etc.
The mystery of the forgotten past is breathtaking!!
Honor the memory of our ancestral legacy.. awesome
Although some people are uncomfortable with archaeological excavations of burial sites, this is the only way to learn of our past. Not necessarily in this video but sadly the system used for dating is sometimes lacking as stones can’t be dated so they can only go off an item that can be carbon dated in the very close location as in the case for Gobelin Tepe, wood found within the area of stones dates to when it was last used before it was buried & not the date it was made. The items in the graves in this video are very beautiful though and show great skills of those who made them. Personally I don’t like speculations and prefer facts but sometimes there are no answers due to lack of evidence.
Great video, thank you for sharing this knowledge with us. 🙏
Every documentary is a treasure. ❤
Been in love with archeology practically all my life, am 65. I draw the line at anyone excavating graveyards, cemeteries or wherever humans have buried our dead no matter how old it is. .... Unless its under extremely unique circumstances not even in the name of progress. I've seen enough archeology documentaries and graveyard tour videos about digging up human bones to understand that we ever truly are "laid at rest", its only temporary at best. I know it will never end because of our human curiosity we just can't leave anything alone much less our own lovely bones.
We're less "laid to rest" and more "turned to food for worms".
@@98Zai Most folks are under the impression that "we're laid to rest" when we're buried in the ground. And most folks don't like to think about ending up as worm food. I find that eventually our final "resting" places are never that final, someone is going to dig you up and move you eventually. I for one, do not wish to end up as a specimen in some museum after some future archeologist digs me up in the far off future.
@@SpiritGirlSF A person after my own heart. 😀. Have you read my comments all over the Digging for Britain series with the red haired woman. 😀. I keep telling them remove the grave goods if you must but leave the skeletons behind. 🙂.
@@myview1875 Honestly I have not seen your comments, usually when I watch Digging for Britian I don't comment much or read the comments. But I'm glad we found each other here, is so good to know others are feeling the same and are willing to speak their mind on this. I felt compelled to comment on this one particularly because of the condition of the bones some of which were literally falling apart as they scratched and scraped them from out of the ground. Plus the translation from German to English was laughable at times. Yes, remove the goods and not the bones. 😉
I have always felt the same, despite enjoying the information gleaned. I do feel that the soul leaves the body after death, but the person who was exhumed might not have agreed! The person was laid to rest by loved ones, so whenever I see archeological digs that are not 100% necessary(imminent construction, etc.), it irritates me, and makes me realize how selfish we can be as humam beings.
Не знаю нужна ли кому эта информация.Но фигурка на краю котла -это божество водной стихии Сырдон почитайте Нартские сказания Осетин
Всё знаем , но как называли себя не знаем и письменности не знаем, при таких огромнейших мегалитических постройках . знаете, но скрываете ...
Великолепные вещи, глаз не оторвать! И в целом вся передача интересная, замечательная в подаче, легко и с удовольствием воспринимается, обогащая эстетически и интеллектуально! Большое спасибо за доставленное удовольствие и пополнение исторических знаниях о таинственных для меня древних кельтах.🎉😊
EXCELENT AND MAGNIFIQUE DOCUMENTARY THE BEST OF RUclips THANK YOU FOR THE VIDEO BLESSING IN FUTURE WORKS SALUTED FROM PUERTO CORTES HONDURAS
Wonderful, I really enjoyed this.
Absolutely STUNNING clip. Thank you!!!!
that's not a "clip"
The city where I was born and I lived for about forty years was founded by Celts. Then it was occupied by the Romans. It's in Northern Italy. Very few has remained of that culture. But quite a lot of toponomy names in the area are from Celtic language.
49:26 25,000 years ago?! 2,500! EDIT!
My God did it bother me so much they got it wrong 😐
Une erreur dans le discours et dans la traduction à 49.25 : il ne s'agit pas de 25.000 ans (c'est le milieu du paléolithique supérieur...) mais de 2500.
That’s the least of the problems 😂
Forse è l' IA che non capisce😊
The wonderful Crater with the woman standing above, makes me think of Cerridwen's Cauldron in some traditions it brewed wisdom, in others it symbolized rebirth which would explain the connection with war.
Fascinating stuff, very rich finds allowing amazing chances to connect trade with other civilizations. Why do I feel a certain familiarity with the reconstructions of the fortified hill top communities?!
En Galicia hay algunas construcciones aún, algunas las reconstruyeron otras están como hace siglos bastante derretidas. Eran muy particulares en su forma de vida las mujeres hacían lo que ellas querían iban a la guerra como los hombres o se quedaban a cuidar sus casas e hijos. Tenían una forma de vida distinta a todos los demás. Me quedé muy sorprendida.
That familiarity comes from the fact you were possibly one of the people who lived there. Reincarnation is very real in my estimation, and these familiar feelings are often because of our actually having been present there. 😊
Loved this.. VERY well made and I was surprised about all of the burial mounds in Europe like we have all over the US. VERY cool!!!
Hallstatt and surrounding areas were well connected with Britain during the Early Bronze Age 2300 BC. Isotope analysis of the 'Amesbury Archer' shows he was born in Austria and then travelled to Britain. Another body buried later, upon analysis showed he was born in Britain, raised in Austria and then travelled back to Britain as an Adult. Lots of theories about these two 'Celts' but one thing is certain,. It hints on how well the Celtic nations were connected on many levels.
Проведите ДНК генеалогию по Клесову.Многое прояснится...
@@user-jy8nz3ei8i Klyosov did you mean? Interesting, a lot to take in on first read. I have a problem with these type of studies. I could not give my reason here. It is a sensitive channel and only allows non controversial comments. Channel's choice.
@@michaelcummins5214 если есть деньги ,то ДНК анализ сделать легко, может Клесов и бесплатно сделает, тема интересная .....
This clearly demonstrates how the Celtic peoples were not savage barbarians as they are so often portrayed but an advanced civilization with sophisticated trade routes and complex social relationships.
Огромное спасибо авторам за великолепный фильм. Как много мы теряем, что устраиваем войны га, которые уходят такие огоромные деньги. Как много можно восстановить, законсервтровать раскопок. Вам всего самого доброго. Одесса.
Спасибо было очень интересно 😊😊👍👍
Какие интересные усы у этой фигурки!
If Ya'll ever dig me up, please throw me back in!
Here here 😂
А кто то расскажет на каких заводах производились эти вазы, кубки , украшения, где и как добывалось сырье для изготовления этих шикарных предметов искусства
Мне бы столько поспать 😢 пока бардак на этой Земле не закончится!
excellent documentry!, special kudos to the VFX team!
Удивительно! Сколько ещë нераскрытых тайн.
49:30 2,500 years ago
Vaya doblaje... cráter en vez de crátera, ¡una antorcha de oro! Se trata de un torques. Y hay más...
Looking through the comments it’s so apparent how ignorant so many people choose to be about the Celts. Just because you’re Irish doesn’t mean you’re related to the person in this grave or anyone from this region in France. The Celts were spread all throughout Europe from Spain to the Black Sea. The land of the Celts was HUGE.
They also get to central Turkey, Galatia.
Also on the silk road.
The Irish guy simply says he is an Irish Celt and refers to his local Celtic treasures. He doesn't suggest that he is related to these people. Quote "In our local history and culture we created beautiful objects from gold, many of which are in the museums of Ireland and are truly magnificent. These were products of local creativity and not acquired by trade or gifts!" He is simply saying he is proud of his own Celtic history and the local Celt's ability to work metal.
So it seems you are the "ignorant" one jumping to assumptions instead of taking the time to understand his comment.
He's just saying the Irish Celts also made some cool stuff and you get triggered about it.
@@AnyoneCanSee I didn't realize that one person spoke for the entire Celtic world. Wow. I really learned something today. You must be super important to speak for so many people. How did you get that gig?
🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
well that may be true,im 90% scots n irish, some english and northern and eastern european interestingly my mother was blonde,her maiden name was horsburgh which is a ancient germanic name associated with the angles who along with the saxons invaded england to my surprise the name horsburgh appeared in the video as a celtic tribe who attacked another,its possible the angles were celts originally
ケルトに非常に関心が有り
そのルーツを知りたかった
どうやら それは 中央ヨーロッパだったようですね
自身は もっと 西だと思っていたので
ありがとうございました
もしよろしければ
エトルリア文明についても
しりたいです❤
Gorgeous artifacts very informative video. Such joy to view it
А то что кельты R1a1известно археологам?
I want to go back in time for the future.
In the past I presently foresaw that you would.
88 mph
Смотрю на скелеты и думаю, что время наступит, и мы все, кого захоронят в земле, превратился в такие вот скелеты, жизнь и смерть- это две родные сестры, они не могут быть друг без друга, а нам остаётся только не бояться там отказаться... Очень интересная передача, мне нравятся археологические раскопки...
Great. Thanks for the knowledge
Very beautiful documentary
Precioso video, el mejor que he visto. Muchas gracias!!
Amazing artifacts, fascinating culture.
Was it because of love found there that mad it famous?
@@PennyGilbertson-ll6li A host of factors contribute to the historical significance of this culture.
L❤VED this so much from beginning to end❣️✨❤️💯❤️✨
Got to chuckle at that Greek vase depicting the hoplites armed to the teeth and with impressive armoured protection ….. er …. almost like they’ve forgotten something.
I don't think anybody had crotch armor until they started using chain mail, preferring agility over protection. "Its invention is commonly credited to the Celts,[6] but there are examples of Etruscan pattern mail dating from at least the 4th century BCE." Since these graves are about 2500 years old, that would put them just about 100 years before the invention of mail. I would be delighted to be proven wrong!
I'm confused though, the femoral artery is completely unprotected.
@@98Zai There's a couple of surviving examples in material culture as well as iconographic evidence for bronze platrons suspended from a breast plate, though the most common form of groin protection were the pteruges that formed a protective skirt. However we should remember that above all else, it was the big shields that gave hoplites their name.
Documentario storico archeologico ben fatto. Complimenti. Bellissimo.
Such beautiful amazing finds! 🤷🤔🤷🤗❤️🔥👍
Я бы предположила, что "фигурка леди из Викса"- богиня- берегиня благосдовляющая дущих воинов.
Похожа.
Она как бы над ними, "оторвана" от идущих.
Sd FeW " Gfe' J"nHyt 'kUj"bNd !
Even during later periods, such as the Romans, many or most settlements were next to rivers, streams, or lakes, as they needed ready access to water. Although ancient wells were created as far back as 8500 BC, in what is now the Middle East and Ancient Greece, it was not the practice of nomadic European tribes to make such permanent structures as sources of water. The Celtic tribes were nomadic, because central Europe was still home to many tribes of barbarians. Permanence was not really an option for many groups of people. It wasn't until around 3000 - 3500 BC that permanent stone wells began to make an appearance in Central Europe, and the Romans were some of the first cultures to make them with stone reinforcement, starting around 600 - 700 BC. Even if you look at many European cultures of the Middle Ages and as late as the Renaissance, they still used local streams and rivers to do laundry and to clean items, not well water.
that part confused me also,settlements naturally near rivers for many reasons ,water,travel,fishing,trade,defence,hunting,defining your territory using river as a border and making it easy to expand that border naturally
Спасибо большое. Очень интересно.
Fascinante el nivel artístico de las piezas. Una jarra era más que una simple jarra, los colgantes, los collares, los broches. Fascinante!
To begin with, the river system was completely different at that time. Absolutely. The Celts lived everywhere: from Britain to the South Russian steppes, mixing with the Slavs, because they had similar customs, gods and language with them. It is incorrect to say that they did not have a written language. Nowadays, all the peoples of the Germanic language group, including Russians, are native speakers of the Celtic language, and given their close contacts, we can talk about Runic writing. Half of the words in the Russian language are based on Celtic roots. Perhaps the entire European population of the continent are descendants of the Celts.
"Ркусский язык" - искуственный, появился недавно. То, что сегодня называет себя "русскими", никакого отношения к славянам не имеет. Соприкасавшиеся между собой культуры и цивилизации имели общие слова, перенимали опыт и традиции друг у друга. На территории сегодняшней рассии жили андрофаги, цивилизации там не было никогда. В каменном веке они оставались ещё тысячу лет назад. Случаи канибализма там частые даже сегодня, российские власти эту статистику скрывают. Зверства, которые они творят в Украине носят массовый характер. Это не отдельные случаи.
@@QaraDeniz-UA ты ещё скажи как вас учили, что русский придумал Пушкин. Привет Соросу - сору, мусору
@@QaraDeniz-UA Жидобандеру закопаем....остальные очухаются...
Проведите ДНК генеалогию по Клесову.Многое прояснится...
@@user-jy8nz3ei8i вот и проводи. К днк ещё много вопросов. Самый важный где начало того о чём он говорит. С чего он это взял. Бабки все любят рубить
I really wanted to know and see what kind of boats they were using on the rivers. How big? How much could they transport?
Mistake: this video suggests that the trade in Bronze Age in Europe depended completely on waterways. This is wrong. There were for example trade roads across mountains or paralelling the eastern Alps.
Great documentary. I enjoyed watching. 💯👏
0:10 a corpse “dormant” underground? 😂😂
Some errors in the translation from the French. And they mixed up eminent with imminent in the subtitles too.
Dormant can mean left undisturbed .
Just as a corpse should be.
Todo hermoso, gracias.
No se porque me atrae tanto este tipo de descubrimiento. Siendo de de un continente tal lejano a ese lugar😊 realmente es hermoso
Maravilhoso documentário! Parabéns!
Tolle Objekte! Den Hochdorfer Fürsten habe ich vor vielen Jahren besucht und immer, wenn ich irgendwo einen Erdhügel sehe, frage ich mich, was darunter wohl schlummert.
To maintain all this, wouldn't it require a large fighting force.
Great documentary! 🙏🏽
Awesome
Everybody could be burred with their gold if we weren't taxed literally every time we touch our money.
Burred?
I wonder if it's notable how these large sites, which presumably would be pretty easy to recognize and probably known to have riches, don't seem to be raided in most cases. There might not be tons of wealth there as you'd find in Egyptian tombs but still you'd think they were tempting to someone.
8:20 This is so fascinating. Uncovering the skeletal remains of someone who had been an extremely important and revered figure during his time. Of the THOUSANDS of years that had passed since then of remaining there, but now reaching us. Kingdoms that had been powerful had come and gone, and here we are in "the present time" with our `modernity', `technology' and all. Which, like the times of this skeletal remains, will also pass by, gradually cease to be of any relevance and becoming mere curiosities for those in the future.
at around 9:18 or so they mentioned the largest greek vase ever found then while describing it they show 2 different ones, odd?...
No,that's the same vase.Between 9'08'' and 9'25'' are images of archives.Don't forget that this great greek vase (named crater) was smashed by hundreds of stones of the tumulus when the roof of the tomb collapsed.2 restorations were necessary between years 1953 (year of discovery) and 1956 (second restoration).The woman we see in the vase (between 9'21'' and 9'25''),named Claudine André,took part in the second restoration in 1956 at the Nancy Fine Art Museum.
Perhaps, the changes in Mediterranean trade, described as in the sixth century, are congruent with the subsidence of the Roman Empire?
Já imaginou conseguir tipo voltar no tempo e ver quem era este Homem, e o que ele fazia, concertesa era um tipo de Rei aí. Imagina voltar pra o ano 2025 e falar tudo como era sem erro histórico.
49:30 25 000 years ago.... thats a pretty big typo
Small, small typo, actually. Just a single decimal~space... And yet, of such immense import.
Exactly: I blieve they either meant 'Twenty five hundred' or 'Two thousand five hundred" but not 25,000... 😮
Maybe they are trying to create a society that was just a lot of raiders who went out and stole all that stuff, like Vikings did. I don't understand WHY people want a lot of goods of value buried with them, I'd prefer it remain with my family, friends, especially if of value like gold and silver. Egyptians we are told all those goods were to follow them into after-life, but tomb raiders KNEW that wasn't true. At least tomb raiders managed to bring such items back into use and circulation from those graves, which served them and those who purchased it from them. Now the tomb raiders are called "archaeologist" and do much the same thing, but put in museums and make their money from grants and some entrance fees. Same result, different means of benefit from tomb raiding.
At the end about these people "isolating themselves" by choice: could it be that the principalities fought between themselves, hence all the destructions, and that the Greek and Etruscan merchants wisely stayed away? Periods of war and unrest are not usually favourable to trade...
Esses objetos de Ouro vinham da Grécia.? Onde se conseguia Ouro na época.?
They tried to steal it from Troja
It's clear to me that the real reason for their demise was that they ran out of the magic potion in that cauldron.
😂
They were not celtoi.this was a Roman nickname.given to them they didn't call themselves celts.they were cymri.gauls.cimmerians.
Galia cisalpina, Galia trasalpina...in the language of romans.
Все может быть! Мы знаем, что ничего не знаем! Всю историю нам переписали 150 раз! Кельты поклонялись Духам природы, они все были ведомыми! 🤗🍀
Все в истории не просто, почему в раннем средневековье со Скандинавами у нас Русских был одинаковый быт, дома, манера одеваться. Даже боевые ладьи ( драккары) были идентичными? Во времена Рюрика, а мы были ближайшими соседями, понимали друг друга без переводчика? Финны не в счёт. Что то с историей не так...
@@ingvartruggvenson6528 А,чё финны не в счёт не скандинавы что ли?😂
@@VitaVital13 нет они не относятся ни к славянам ни к остготам. Это финно - угорский народ. Их ближайшие родственники эстонцы, карелы, мордва марийцы и т.п.
Thank you so much..
Wir haben selber Gräber bei uns im Wald gefunden,die auf die Hallstatt Zeit datiert werden können. Allerdings sind kaum Artefakte gefunden worden. Umso erstaunlicher,dass nun ein solches Grab gefunden wurde. 😮
Excellent, tks
A splann documentary, meur ras. As a former Cornish underground tin miner, I always think, "I wonder if that bronze object has any our tin in it?" I worked at South Wheal Crofty in the heartland of our Cornish ore mining industry. For a relatively tiny ethnic minority, we took modern mining to the World. Dolcoath, our biggest mine, opened in 1720 lifting 35,000 tons of copper and 80,000 tons of tin, before closure in 1920. Those ancient party goers on the continent could've knocked up a brev few booze vessels, et cetera, with that lot!
日本語のナレーションが何故変なのですか😳！？
おそらく機械による自動翻訳なのかと
Вывод можно сделать такой ,когда миром правят женщины царит мир и торговля,когда к власти приходят мужчины начинаются войны
A highly advanced civilization who revered mother Nature.
Remember, we've been everywhere, all of us!
I had my genes done and my ancestry is Irish, but they were able to take me back to the first migrations out of Ethiopia, as we Europeans are all from this region. We are truely brothers and sisters under the skin.
Very good
Very well done, Ty.
Ótimo documentário. ❤❤❤❤
Кельты ... добавьте в начало слова букву С , и получите народ Сколоты...славянский. Мауро Орбини 17 век ( псевдоним герцога Мария Франческа Дель Урбино) писал , что славяне владели Азией, Европой, Африкой, а также Англией. Русский Летописец 17 века...славяне ходили походами в Средиземье ( области Средиземного моря) , в Египетские страны, и до Жёлтоводного моря ( Юго - Восточная Азия. Кельты ...это и есть Сколоты.
Вы жертва обмана,Славяне неимеют отношения к цивилизациям.спросите своих честных историков и они ответят- ничего нет вообще ничего славянского
音声はとにかく日本語翻訳の内容が滅茶苦茶なので流さなくてもよかったですね。字幕がまぁ意味は分かるものなのでそれだけでよかったです。内容はとても興味深いものでしたよ。
@49:25 She meant to say twenty five hundred years ago instead of twenty five thousand years ago.
We need more Archelogy to be taking place world wide, Its amazing to me to realise that our ancestors traded with other communities at vast distances. We must of shared stories and jokes long before we could all read and write. I wonder if those stories could entertain and move us now? Has the human spirit changed? Tragedy is still sad and fun has still a touch of comedy. What was it like to hear of Lions, Elephants and Whales around a summer nights camp fire?! When you have never seen the Sea!?.Dragons where real and every child wished to find a flying horse no doubt.
Даа, действительно загадка!
Here in northern Italy celtics used the Leponzio alphabet similar to the etrurian one.
Stupende antichità
Beautiful and trustworthy kind regards Niall O'Connell Dundalk Ireland.
Does anyone have a resource to how the artifacts were made. The artifacts are detailed almost perfect. How was the art created without the tools of today.
I think that after the third big wig died, the people lost who they had and what they built. They decided to move on and put that Era behind them, thus evolved.