De-Extinction: Rebuilding Nature or Playing with Fire?
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- Опубликовано: 7 авг 2024
- Holocene Extinction Episode 6: De-Extinction
Colossal Biosciences is currently the leading front in resurrecting extinct species, with iconic names like the woolly mammoth, the Tasmanian tiger or thylacine, and the dodo in their roster. Totalling in $225M dollars in funding, Colossal will employ cutting edge genome editing technologies to bring back extinct animals and reintroduce them to their old habitats.
In the last decade, the advancements in genome sequencing have shifted the question about de-extinction from "can we?" to "should we?". Can bringing back extinct animals help us fix the mistakes we made in the past? Or will it instead become yet another blunder, an act of carelessness and ignorance, that serves none other than our personal gain in the cost of nature?
Sources and credits:
docs.google.com/document/d/1v...
Holocene Extinction Series:
• Holocene Extinction
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I Am OK by Vishmak
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0:00 Introduction
1:40 Methods of De-extinction
1:52 Iterative Evolution
2:15 Back Breeding
2:45 Cloning
3:45 Genome Editing
5:19 Proxy Species Definition
7:20 Purpose of De-extinction
8:18 De-extinction Drawbacks
9:23 Species Reintroduction
10:37 Proxy Reintroduction Problems
13:29 Will It Benefit Conservation?
15:44 Conclusion 
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Dodo,Thylacine,Elephant bird, the Little Bush Moa and the Great Auk are owed a second chance in my opinion
Why is this channel got like barely any fews and subs this is one of the most high quality vids on this platform
We might not live to see aliens but we'll get to see de-extinction.
no we wont
@@Azamat421we have, look up pyrenean ibex
@@Azamat421 so negative, chill out bud
HOW DO YOU STILL ONLY JUST HAVE 1.59K SUBS???
Yeah, I'm still working on getting more recognition 😅
@@FactorTracehow’s that Arizonan episode going?
I do think the dodo bird would be the best fit. If you re-forested the island, still keeping human infrastructure, it could very well work, that is if it was also bred to gain maximum protection from diseases.
@@iamarizonaball2642 The dodo is an odd choice in my opinion. Its ecosystem, the Mauritius island, has been altered beyond recognition. There's too many species of plants and animals that have gone extinct. Bringing back the dodo alone won't restore the island to its former richness.
But nonetheless, I do think it'll be cool to see the dodo return. For now, we need to make sure that releasing dodo proxy will be beneficial for the ecosystem.
Because he isn't using bots
This is probably my favorite video from you so far! It's interesting to think where this will all be years from now. :)
Straight-tusked elephant would be a good one.
They should bring back the Great auck, stellars seacow, Carolina parakeete, passenger pigieon, ivorybilled woodpecker, heath hen and the labrodore duck.
Agreed, they're also bringing back passenger pigeons too
You re so busy thinking about it you could, you weren't thinking if you actually should
@@breadfan9Uh, it's necessary if you want to improve the dying biodiversity..?
Ivory-billed woodpecker is still alive
@@Ceres4S2D1 Its a Jurassic Park reference
I always look forward to your videos, and this one didn't disappoint! Great stuff, keep it up and I hope you get more recognision soon :)
Thank you very much! I hope so too.
Great video by the way It Is possible to clone the paraceratherium by altering the dna of the rhinoceros to genetically create and entelodon by altering the dna of the hippopotamus(its closest living relative)even though its fossils and its dna have degraded over time,it is possible to alter the dna of the animals to verify if it is possible or not to know if there are probabilities if it is possible or impossible? greetings ❤😊
This was EXTREMELY high quality! Can't believe you don't have at LEAST 100k subscribers.
I miss brasil😞
This is fantastic, shocked you don’t have more views.
They need to work not just on animals, but also on plant biodiversity. A species of trees relied almost exclusively on the dodo's digestive tract and ability to crack it's seeds to reproduce. American chestnuts were some of the hardiest and fast growing wood and nut trees, they fed millions of humans and animals alike in the Appalachians until they got blighted. A return to greater biodiversity would be beneficial to the planet at large.
Your work is amazing holy hell??? I really hope you'll continue to be blessed by the algorithm because these are important and interesting topics presented in a beautiful fashion!
Thank you so much! I really appreciate your support
Thank you for explaining this issue without exaggeration or bias
Super Awesome and very educational video that covers a multitude of topics in cloning and conservation in an array of unique and important methods and proposed ideas. For future videos I have a suggestion on a video about Holocene and Pleistocene rewilding. For example rewilding the Bahamas with Cuban crocodiles which used to inhabit the Bahamas as apex terrestrial carnivores and we’re actually living in fully terrestrial environments, they are the most terrestrial croc species alive today. And also reintroduce rock iguanas, Hutia rodent species, flightless rails, small lizards, and red and yellow footed tortoise as toxin substitutes for the extinct species of Tortoise, and Cuban crocodile were also found living in terrestrial ecosystems in the dominion republic and used to hunt ground sloths,in Cuban and the Dominican Republic and reported pack hunting from the Cuban crocodile species, and are know to be the fastest and most athletic galloping species. For a video on Australian Pleistocene rewilding should be about apex carnivore taxon substitutes, surrogate species that would best fit the ecological niche as the extinct apes carnivores such as the giant long legged galloping ferret Ian crocodile quinkana and the giant venomous Varanid lizard megalania. For megalania, the Komodo dragon would be a perfect taxon substitute, and also Komodo dragons are native to Australia since they evolved there originally and then spread and dispersed westwards into the Indonesian Islands were they are found today. And when released in Australia they would be able to regulate and better balance and maintain the ecosystem appropriately, and limit over grazing, And Australia has a lot of introduced invasive herbivores that are causing alot of trouble, for the ecosystem and Komodo dragons will help to balance elevated that and can take down a water Buffalo, and will be able to take other invasive introduced carnivores. Also the Cuban crocodile would be another perfect taxon substitute for quinkana the Australian terrestrial land crocodile, the Cuban crocodile is in fact an actual terrestrial carnivore, Regarding the true terrestrial nature of the Cuban crocodile, a paper studying the bones of Cuban crocodiles from the blue holes in the Bahamas, looked at the stable isotopes found in the bones of these Cuban crocodile fossils, and they found that Cuban crocodiles were living in a terrestrial food web rather than aquatic. The paper is called “domination by reptiles in a terrestrial food web of the Bahamas prior to human occupation.” They have many adaptations namely there tall deep broad skull long recurved compressed teeth, crooked bite margins, heavily keeled limbs and many osteoderms, shorter tail, long very powerful legs and arms. The ones at the guama crocodile farm have the most important genetics, having the most terrestrial features, and more expressed features, and the ones at the guama croc farm have Insane squamosal horns, looking very much like a living voay robustus. Cuban crocodiles are the closest modern analogy to quinkana so they would be perfect rewilding candidates Australian. I hope you will cover Pleistocene for rewilding Australian and talk about the cuban crocodile and Komodo dragon rewilding and how it will benefit greatly. Also the Cuban crocodile will be able to prey on the introduced species and hunt in packs as well. They would have to be released in a Suitable Large environment in Australia and probably fence the place off. And in other locations as well, it would be good for the environment with taxon substitutes for the apex predators these are the closest to these extinct species and in ecology. Also other rewilding efforts in Australia would be the Tasmanian devil and a rewilding eastern Australian rainforests with seed dispersing dwarf cassowaries, and spurred tortoise in the outback and other rainforest tortoise species which Australian used to have gigantic terrestrial turtles that looked more like ankylosaurus than an actual tortoise. And rewilding South Pacific islands tortoise species, and dwarf crocodiles to fill the ecological niche as the meiolania land turtle and the small terrestrial tree climbing crocodile mekosuchus. The African dwarf crocodile is the second most terrestrial species and is known to hunt on land in the rainforest even during the dry season when no water is around.
If itcan be done it should be done. The recreated animals will adapt. Life always finds a way!
Well made video. I look forward to see this channel grow
I appreciate that!
@FactorTrace
WOW! This level of professionalism and current topic, yet I'm only learning about this now...
You have earned my subscription today.
😎👍🏼
I appreciate that! Thank you for subscribing
Awesome content, with such creative design, loved it totally. Hope you grow more and cover many such contents, subs you..
Wow this is an amazing video keep up the great work
Excellent vid, and marvellous starting sequence great editing!, ive seen creators with much more subs have poorer starting sequence, and lazy editing, youve earned a sub from me!
Very professional as usual. I've put a link to it on my Facebook page 👍
Thank you for sharing! Much appreciated! 🙏
I like your work man. Hoping you blow up very soon.
Thank you, I hope so too!
As legend says, building a time machine is easier rather to bring back a extinct animal from the dead
How did I just stumble upon this gem of a channel
Amazing work! Wow!
Great overview! A lot things I hadn't considered before. Also, this video feels like a culmination of many of your videos, so maybe this video will do really well!
Glad you liked it! Yeah, I'm wrapping up the Holocene extinction series. One more video and the series is complete 😃
With animals like the dodo, thylocene, and aurochs that all went extinct less then one thousand years ago bringing them back make much more sense
Northern white rhinos make much more sense cuz they went extinct like.. a year ago?
@retroduck5740 point being that for animals that only recently went extinct, it would be ecologically beneficial to bring them back
The only con that I find invalid, is the invasive side of things. Just remember, European Bison went extinct from the UK 6,000 years ago. Tasmanian devils left the mainland 3,000 years before their reintroduction. The Thylacine is a very good option, as is the dodo. Maybe the cons don't apply to animals that haven't been extinct over 1,000 years. I do understand for mammoths, and moas however, that they might need more DNA, and might not survive in todays ecosystem. Also, great video.
The way I look at it, if we are the reason a species went extinct, and we have the technology, I say we have a responsibility to bring them back to set things right, we owe them a second chance. This goes for animals like mammoths, thylacines, dodos, quaggas, passenger pigeons and so on. For some other animals though like for example, a T-rex, we had nothing to do with that and nature selected it for extinction, we have any debt to repay to it or owe it a second chance like the other animals I mentioned.
no thats stupid
@@Azamat421we’ll animals that went extinct less than 1000 years ago we should definitely bring them back as the ecosystem hasn’t replaced or bounced back since they went extinct, Tasmania needs the thylacine back nothing else is hunting those Roos
Woolly Mammoths are already been made.
I love your content man.
That intro actually goes unfathomably hard, 🔥💯🥶
This was really useful keep going❤
Glad it was helpful!
@@FactorTrace i used this topic for a presentation and my teacher loved it❤
@@someone-zh4nx Congrats! I'm happy to provide contents that educate 🙌
In fairness, proxy species selection is also determined by the ancient genomes currently assembled. (See novak 2018)
They need bring back the Caspian Tiger, as the Siberian Tiger, to the Ili-Balkhash Nature Reserve in Kazakhstan in 2025.
Impresione video interesante me fascina una pregunta¿Se puede clonar un megalania o un entelodon extrayendo adn por medio de sus fósiles?
You are amazing brother ♥️🇮🇳
Well good video
Thanks!
I want them back. But I would rather focus on the species we have now, like tigers and bears and lions. Make sure they’re safe before we do something so outlandish.
Great video by the way it is possible to clone a giant paraceratherium relative of the rhinoceros by altering the rhinoceros'DNA to give it the shape of its ancestor?
no that ones a bit too far. Paraceratherium diverged from rhinos a LONG time ago yes they are considered "rhinos" but in the same sense as we are considered apes. Paraceratherium is not the direct ancestor to modern rhinos there more like second cousins. Its the same thing for asian elephants but instead of being second cousins there more closer like siblings to the mammoth thats why changing one into a close approximation of the other is possible. Once elephants left africa they quickly diverged into the many climtes and ecosystems in eurasia diverginging into what would become asian elephants first then they diverges from them into mammtohs. Thats why asian elephants are so close to mammoths
One species that would be an easier choice to bring back would be the dusky seaside sparrow beacuse It is an subspecies meaning that theres more similar individuals to it
But still that would't make it easy
Yeah, I agree. In fact, we successfully cloned an extinct subspecies, the Pyrenean ibex, 2 decades ago.
The technologies have improved by a long shot since then, but we should still aim for more realistic and achievable species/subspecies and focus on biodiversity restoration as a whole.
After seeing what happened to Theranos, everyone should keep their expectations limited. Not being pessimistic, just being cautious.
What about poachers? Destruction of the environment? Contamination of the environment?
Yes, those are some of the factors that will need to be considered in the evaluation and post-release management of the proxy animals.
I think it's questionable if de-extinction has significant opportunity costs in relation to conservation. I am not convinced that a significant portion of the money that goes towards de-extinction could have otherwise gone to conservation and/or vice versa.
this vid goes so hard
Bring back the Sardinian Pika! Squeak! Squeak !
Is there a RUclips tutorial for genetic modification
Also all of extinct Hawaiian honeycreepers.
I guess it depends on the execution, but I lean towards rebuilding nature
love your work mate, amazing content.
Much appreciated!
When you think about it, in a sense, the genomic editing route would be like an artificial version of iterative evolution.........
In my opinion we should bring back those that went extinct in the modern era.
Thylacine ,Dodo yea. But mamoth no we had nothing to do with their demise that was nature.....
In case of dodo u have to free mauritius from all feral cats,dogs,boars,monkeys,mungos,rats ect,ect. ....clean this island first.
Yes it is true. Unless the causes of the first extinction has been addressed, these projects are bound to fail
stuff like this always got that curiosity tingling for me..like why revive them? why lots of people so confidence to throw cash for something that needs atleast a decade to see results, might be longer...why the specific choosen species and a lot more..just hope this isnt some shady movie type of organisation thingy lol
Well rich people want rich people pets. And what grander proof of concept for modern extinct animals being brought back than a mammoth
Why revive them? They were a vital part of the environments across the world until less than 6000 years ago counting the mammoth. Why put money on the project? To help advance technology. To revitalize the biodiversity of the world. Not all programs are instant gratification, and acting like they should be is nonsensical. The specific species listed are some of the most famous, extinct species. They will draw eyes to the project, they will be the most familiar to the largest majority of people. This will draw attention to the project, and attention means funding, which will allow the project to expand and reach out to further species that are equally important but less well known. Many of these species are genetically and environmentally unique, and will be difficult to gestate, and success in doing so will rapidly advance not just this branch of science but of many related fields, and make the science of correcting our mistakes that led to these extinctions in the first place that much more achievable. It will also help in gene editing and diversification for endangered species with a limited gene pool
Wow, this is Jurassic park stuff.
Yes, almost. Except, there's no dinosaur, thankfully.
@@FactorTracehonestly, I wouldn’t be surprised if Mauritius gave a grant to colossal to revive the dodos. It just makes well, sense. The destruction humanity caused to the island would need to be undone, but that would probably create jobs, rather than remove jobs. And honestly, I have had this idea for a while but… what if colossal biosciences, to help fund their research, made like, stuffed animals of the extinct species, except wearing like, scientific uniforms with the colossal biosciences logo? I mean, I’d by a great auk and dodo plush just for the hell of it, I’ve already got several, and even contacted the Mauritian UN embassy about one, who well, gave me one. And I sent a Gila Monster (the only venomous species of lizard in the United States, and a symbol of Arizona, since it’s only found here.) so I sent a Gila monster plush in return. And, the ambassador said he liked it! I guess we have a diplomatic relationship or whatever between Arizona and Mauritius!
@@FactorTrace *dodo*
"Well yes but actually no"
This is, potentially, how the zombie apocalypse will start 😬
Jurassic Park!
Should've added the northern white rhino
It depends on the species honestly
Yeah, but not entirely. What species would be the best one and why?
@@FactorTrace The thylacine, since its not even a hundred years since its extinaction (and also because i'm thylacine baised lmao)
@@FactorTrace I think Ice Age animals are the worst to bring back, since the planet already learned a while ago to go without them
@@NatureEnjoyer523 Yeah, I kind of expected you'd say the thylacine 😂
The thylacine would be an interesting species to resurrect, but I don't think bringing them back would have that much of a good impact on the environment.
@@FactorTrace It would be better than the mammoth
Def. Rebuilding nature
I think it’s a good idea 👍 I wonder if this is the way they bring Jesus back as they say they have his bones & blood sample 🦴
why did you say dil do when you were supoused to say dodo 💀?
Even if de extinction does work the chances of what happened to the original species is still high nobody wanted to protect them in the past i hope we can now
We've only had the concept of extinction for 200 years. No one thought animals could die out back then, the idea was totally foreign to them. Now that we know, we can improve.
This company sounds like so many small video game studios that lie to get a big pile of money for their project and then run with the money.
Hope they succeed, extinction caused by humans like the tasmanian tiger , passenger pigeon, dodo.
Clone a few sabertooths and set them free. Not!
i wish we can have revive the elephant bird. i want to ride it like a chocobo
The way they are doing the mammoth they could have done it a decade ago.
Pls do raptors
I have no idea what is taking so long they have the tech the place the support the moral then just get with it damn it
What if they 3D printed a surrogate womb. Of course this will take time but since we’re trying to make human organs, it wouldn’t be too far off if we attempted to make other animal organs. A womb for example. That way we could possibly grow the animal without hurting other already endangered animals.
What about Dinosaurs?
No DNA.
After they rebuild the mammoth genome how do they put it back in the cell?
Using SCNT. They insert the cell that has the genome into the gamete (egg or sperm cells) of a surrogate species. The fertilized egg will then develop into the extinct animal based on the inserted gene.
See here 3:00
Bring back Moa
Wolly mammoths ruel
I want revived great auk
Cloning need to be stopped immediately.
How will a mouse give birth to a thylo
It will probably be done through generations of hybrids. The thylacine-dunnart hybrid will be used as the surrogate parents for the proxies, with a lot of human help.
Besides, thylacine is a marsupial, which means they give birth to babies the size of a pea, called joeys.
The most underrated channel on this platform
The long term viability issue here is that you need approximately 2,000 unique specimens of each animal, each with genetic variation to make any colony sustainable. We may be able to gather DNA from one or two seperate sources, possibly even ten or twenty. But complete DNA samples from 2,000 separate specimens? Any less than that and inbreeding will set them on the inevitable path to extinction again before we even start.
The effective population size vary between spesies to spesies. For the passenger pigeons we might need millions, for "K selected" species, we might not need that many in the initial release.
The plan with the mammoth project by Colossal is actually to create mammoth clones in waves, generation by generation. Talks about collecting gamettes from released individuals and edit the genes and inbreed them is actually a simple fix to this, essentially incest (but not actually) with extra steps. So continuous monitoring and human intervention is required decades if not centuries after asset release.
We will get to know a lot of information on instincts in those animals and the environment.
I saw someone saying that scientists are trying to bring back t.rex, mosasaurus and titanoboa, BUT NOBODY IS TRYING THAT
Nope, those animals have been extinct for far too long. Their genetic information cannot be retrieved anymore.
Even if we could bring them back as stated in the video we couldn’t keep them alive their ecosystem is long gone they would just die out, what they might have been talking about is trying genetically recreate a dinosaur, which has another sleuth of problems
Bringing back extinct ice-age animals would benefit the ecosystem in a long term plan, as species like the mammoth, and wooly rhino would slow global warming. The problem is habitat. There's just not enough room left on the planet for rewilding extinct species. 🤥
Siberia has more open land than most parts of Africa where elephants thrive.
Why would people care about conservation if we could revive any extinct species whenever we wanted? "Oh that bird has 10 individuals left? Who cares, if we need the bird again we can bring it back 30 years from now." This could be even worse for obscure or less desirable animals too. If we're putting all our attention on bringing back mammoths then who's gonna notice any of the other animals that go extinct each year? The fact reintroduced animals could go on to be invasive species, vectors for disease, or have any other unforeseen consequences makes me feel even more hesitant to any de-extinction efforts.
Yes, that is why it's important for the public to know about the drawbacks and the fact that de-extinction is very expensive. At the state, I don't think de-extinction is going to stop, making sure it's being done correctly is the best that we can do. To be fair, it is a powerful tool with great potential, but honestly this discussion should've been done like a decade ago, before molecular biology advanced this far.
12:08 Oh god, who cares about such a destructive species?
Do you mean humans? 😅
@@FactorTrace Yeah
You Fool! Humans are destructive species that god created! And you're wrong because people do care about these species other wise they would not do this😂
I doubt it will work, We can't save the animals that are around the world now.
Where are you going to place them? How are you going to save them from the warming environment?
I think you can bring back specimens but the world is changed and industrialized to much they can never survive in our world.
As teenager I was waiting with excitement to news about cloning extinct animals. Now, as adult I look into this with grim. I am in favour of cloning endangered species... but mammoths are long gone. World is too different for them. Why don't use cloning to save in first place species that today have dramaticaaly low number individuals? Northern white rhino, Yangtz softshell turtle, Fernandina giant tortoise, Chinese tiger... Save those animals first! I understand the will to bring back animals that vanished in last century, like thylacine, and I can get behind this. But mammoth? This is only big waste of money and other resources on unrealistic goal. Resources that can save others critically engangered or recently extinct animals...
Main reason for the mammoth i it would have bigger impact than other species, I personally am not for de-extinction, but bringing back a species may be novel I find it more cruel than useful, also theoretically we could reintroduce the mammoths their niche is still open and the time they have been gone is not enough time for a species to lose their place in the world their is still time to reintroduce them into an ecosystem, compare a thousand years to millions of years, yeah they haven’t been gone long
They raised $225M to bring this specific species back. I would read more about it.
@@neomacchio4692 Such a waste of money that they could use to solve global problems or save species that is endangered, not long for thousand of years...
@@pendragonsxskywalkers9518Exactly.
@@pendragonsxskywalkers9518You cannot solve global problems with 225 million dollars... As for protecting endangered species , there already are many organizations that are dedicated to this.
Interesting, would it be possible to bring megalodon back? It was extinct not long ago (if I'm not wrong), but I think it would be a bad idea and an ecological disaster. Megalodon would go hay wire in the modern ocean.
I don't think it would be possible, the megalodon died millions of years ago, which is too long for any DNA recovery, on top of that, yes, we wouldn't want to bring back the megalodon into our oceans nowadays. Not only for the lives of other marine creatures, but for the megalodon itself as its ecosystem including its prey items have disappeared.
@@FactorTrace plus only its teeth are know
Also, because the oceans are too cold for the megalodon.
can they bring back my cat? :'(
Bring back Neanderthals.
I will tell my opinion on cloning any animal what went extinct before 500bc shouldn’t be cloned the world has changed to much
Thylacene and dodo is ok to bring back. But I don't know about bringing a wooly mammoth that lived in a ice age to a warmer earth
In regards to mammoths, why is it OK to destroy the Tundra and replace this ecosystem with the Mammoth Steppes' grasses?
Why 'de-extinction' and not Resurrection?
Lastly, Man Made Climate Change is a Lie.
Please research this.
Why it's so expensive ???
Because genetics, cells, and cloning, is really expensive and complicated, not to mention the amount of man hours and labor just to clone one animal probably,
Why not Neanderthals?
de extinct Quagga zebras has a major problem 😢 please stop
De- extinction would be the right and decent thing for us to do , since Industrie , farming , herding and hunting is responsible for extinction of the Species .
no we wernt not the mamoth
Does it make sense to bring back an animal that naturally died, like the Wooly Mammoth?
You have accent to you are you Indian ?