It would be fun to imagine Venus as being in "Geological Hibernation," only awaiting some super trigger. But, I don't expect to be around to see the end of that show.
I think it would take something like a planetary collision and millions to billions of years of geological evolution... That just isn't likely outside the era of planetary formation and even if it did happen with a rouge planet, it's thought a planetary collision billions of years ago is already responsible for robbing Venus of its spin, it's probably more likely it would just make Venus even more inhospitable if that's possible. I wonder if the spin of a planet plays a role in the development of plate tectonics.
A Thea-Gaia event would be quite something to see - but the way I've understood the speculations is that those types of events were more common in the early stage of solar-system formation...
So the collision with Theia might genuinely be the number one reason the Earth is so good for life. How this relates here is that the Theia collision is one theory as to how plate tectonics started on Earth (it certainly fits well with why Venus never started plate tectonics). We know it gave us our tilt which gave us seasons, gave us the moon which gave us the ocean tides and most importantly stabilized our axial spin. One more thing it probably did was give us our strong magnetosphere. So Theia might have given Earth; plate tectonics, a strong magnetosphere, stable spin, seasons and ocean tides- all things critical to Earth habitability.
I share this opinion. Theia also contributed by adding A LOT of heat to earth's mantle on that colision. Without it earth's crust might have solidified by now.
I think the nuclear fission reaction in the earth's core created enough heat that the core was liquid enough to create a strong magnetosphere, plate tectonics and retained atmosphere of oxygen, nitrogen, CO2, etc. The amount of Radon gas that bubbles up from the earth is indicative of the continued reaction of Uranium, Thorium, etc.
That collision, and the moon that resulted from it, also stabilized Earth's rotation and caused tides, which scientists say allowed for environments conducive to the formation of life as we know it.
Earth also sustained a major collision, possibly by another planet. That collision might have been the key event that propelled Earth into plate tectonics.
despite it being obvious, it'd be Interesting if planetologists aren't taking into account that Earth is a binary planet covered with liquid water when comparing it to Venus...
@@rolandthethompsongunner64why are you even commenting if your here to be a dick,this channel doesn’t need people like that here, this is a comment section of science
I have to say I have never seen an educator with such commitment and passion. You are an inspiration to me, your work ethic is something to be admired!!
I guess a head on collision with another planet or planetoid could explain it. A head on collision from the "wrong angle" would not produce a moon and would probably slow the planet's rotation significantly.
We don't know if any of these are required. it's very unlikely to be required at least for microbial life. And I can think of a way life could adapt or ways life could make it's own carbon cycle. Then theirs relatively calm versions of red dwarfs which could cause a similar effect to a moon. Although title locking is an issue just not a show stopper even on the day time side with the current distance or atmospheric make up
It's also outside of the current habitable zone, so the slowly increasing luminosity of the Sun was bound to turn Venus into what it is today sooner or later.
I mostly think a significant retrograde rotating planetesimal smacked Venus opposite of its direction of rotation so hard that it reversed its rotation to a crawl, stopping not just plate tectonics but that geomagnetic field as well, and caused Venus to revolve slower and maybe even migrate closer to the Sun.
@@TheWigglerglerOur Habitable Zone Definition is based on Venus, Earth and Mars being Venus is to Hot Mars is to Cold and Earth is just right so if Venus wasn't the hell scape it is today it may be different
Interesting video. Two factors not mentioned are the very slow retrograde movement of Venus on its axis and virtual lack of an axial tilt. I don't know whether these could influence the lack of plate tectonics on Venus, but they certainly are strikingly different elements which as far as I know are still not completely explained.
Plate tectonics is effected by it. But cause? We had oceans during the Billion Years of Nothing when earth almost died and became a new slightly cooler Venus. Our oceans stagnated. Acid Rain ate at the land. The cause? Plate Tectonics had stopped. Venus is Venus because plate tectonics failed. Our earth is the way it is because it has it. It had stopped before, it could stop again, but life and our stable atmosphere requires it.
Liquid water would help lubricate subduction zones of the plates. Venus may have been too hot for liquid water. I guess the volcanoes are powered by mantle plumes like Hawaii’s.
Thank you for the wonderful educational content. I have lost track of how many years I have been watching but i wanted you to know that you truly are a wonderful person!
That is one big difference and the fact that Earth ended up with a large satellite whose tidal forces affect it as it rotates every 29 days. Compare that to Venus which has stronger tidal forces directed towards the Sun and its rotation has been very much slowed due to the interaction with a thick atmosphere. I'm sure modeling have considered which factors influence the formation of features that can assist with the development of plate tectonics, but I suspect it is a complicated scenario to model effectively.
it's ironic in its own way that we almost lived in a solar system with at least two habitable planets. Mars would have died very likely, but Venus... Imagine the world if Venus were a habitable planet and how it could help us in finding out the beginning of life... etc etc etc. + we would have two planets, better than one.
It could have especially happened if Mars was Venus's size and had a major moon to agitate its interior and promote tectonic activity. Mars is far enough from the sun that if it has a similar mass to Venus or Earth, it could easily hold on to a major moon. It's possible that a Venus sized Mars could have evolved into a colder version of Earth.
@@Libertaro-i2u you are right. Imagine if the materials from the asteroid belt had ended up as part of Mars. . . or something similar. or perhaps if Jupiter had not swallowed so much material from the inner solar system during the birth of the solar system.... a solar system that would have had three habitable planets... imagine. the amount of information we could get, especially if each one had life that started on its own planet. and not to mention that the whole settlement process would be much easier. we could have become a multi-planetary species much earlier. not to mention the amount of information we could get by studying the life of those other planets and the history of its development. and Imagine if intellectual life had also developed in either of them. the amount of information that can also tell us about the universe and how common intellectual life is. "The Star System of the Three Worlds." we would also probably have a bit more scifi movies and books if our world was like that.
Earth's cratons were probably broken apart by the collision with Thea, and the whole thing kept stirred by the Lunar tides (to prevent resolidification). Without a Thea to break up Venus's crust, it solidified into one big craton.
If i was to bet, the "some other ingredient" that made Earth thrive was the Giant Impact the formed the Moon and the two LLSVPs that added more differential to the mantle to start tectonics more vigorously, and also the distance to the Sun that allowed water to persist on the surface long enough.
I doubt it's required for a stable world. There's definitely other ways to get technic plates. And there are definitely other ways to get a carbon cycle going.
I had thought that the newly created Moon, in a close orbit, (About five thousand miles away at formation), would keep the surface of Earth, in the tidal zone of the Moon, liquid and mixed, possibly starting the convections that cause plate tectonics to continue, while the rest of the surface, starting at the poles, solidified. The chunks at the edge of the tidal zone being mixed into the liquid rock and pulled under by gravitational turbulence between the Earth and the Moon. The cratons might well have been simply large chunks that did not melt with the rest of the surface, may have been asteroids or shards of Thea or just lumps like in your oatmeal. they may have kept the entire surface of Earth from subducting, making actual plates likely and may have helped cool the surface around them. Thea was the last large collision between Earth and a planetesimal, that's how all the planets formed, along with a steady stream of space junk. Venus probably didn't get that last, big shot of energy and mass and is slightly less massive than Earth. I can see cratons being embedded in Venuses surface, like on Earth and they may have made for cooling local solid areas, with the edges of those solid areas encouraging volcanism by being thinner and under stress from the collusions, also a form of plate tectonics, not unlike that of Mars, around the Tarsus plane at the Mariner Valley. It will take time and wheels on the ground for us to learn the truth.
Really great topic Anton, why should we always travel so far away in space when there are so many fascinating things nearby? A long time ago it might have been the other way around with Earth and Venus... I can well imagine that Mars and Venus were quite suitable for living beings in their distant past (2.5 to 3.5 billion years ago)...
If there are other parallel universes, I believe Anton would be wonderful in every single one. There definitely is not a universe out there where he is horrible. It just wouldn't exist. It's impossible 😂😂
This whole thing reminds me of chaos theory and how very tiny differences in starting conditions can cause two seemingly very similar systems to quickly and vastly diverge from one another.
The whole time you were talking about what could have possibly made Earth different than Venus, I kept saying, "the Moon." Glad you mentioned it. Sure seems like the obvious answer.
Water can be almost 100 C when steam can be over 2000 C on earth. That and boiling point of water on Venus is 300 C suggests everything on Venus surface is very dry but higher atmosphere is marinating in actual water.
@@jeremywright5036 It does have one, just much weaker than Earth and due to a totally different mechanism as well. Outside being nitpicking though you are correct.
Wiki: “In about one billion years the solar luminosity will be 10% higher, causing the Earth atmosphere to become a "moist greenhouse", resulting in a runaway evaporation of the oceans. As a likely consequence, plate tectonics and the entire carbon cycle will end.” Venus gets 92% more luminosity (than today’s Earth), therefore with or without magnetosphere & moons Venus would get to what we see in less than billion years.
Anton, have you heard of the book by Russian emigree to the US named Immanuel Velikovsky titled "Worlds in Collision"? It is mostly about the planet Venus and it running wild in our Solar system 3,500 years ago.
Yes, as many commentators suggest, I also strongly suspect that the Thea impact as well as the ongoing orbital tidal tug of the Moon contributed to forming, and continues to contribute to maintaining the active plate tectonics of the Earth.
The Theia collision and tidal heating from the Moon was what first came to my mind as well. But these are so obvious that I'm sure scientists have modelled both of them a long time ago.
My pet hypothesis is that because of our large moon it allowed us to have plate tectonics which allowed us to have a stable climate. Venus does not have a large moon, developed a harder shell that rapidly and violently replaced itself every so often, leading to high pressure both above and below the surface.
Hi, Mr Petrov. I'm from Brazil. When soviet probe (I think Venera) orbited Venus, the photos it took was very different. That showed a planet that looks like Earth from space, but not many were published and the few we find in internet are in bad resolution. It was white and blue. 99,99% of pictures of Venus in internet are not optical images, but graphic representations based in bad interpreted data, they are more like artistic representations. WHY??? I believe the space agencies in the 1960's discovered Venus is very similar to Earth and they tried to hide it from the people. Many data obtained from probes and radiotelescopes have misinterpretations that turn the reality upside down. Because of Venus position between Earth and Sun, it is easier to tell and keep false claims. The moment Venus is near Earth it aligns with Sun and turns impossible to observe from here on our planet. It is easier to lie about Venus than Mars, for example. So all we know about Venus come from the internal circles inside space agencies. Very restricted circles. To observe Venus showing its illuminated face from a telescope over Earth, we must wait until Venus position is far from us. So we can see a blueish pale planet wich is the biggest albedo in Solar System, not a dark orb as we are accustomed to believe. Hug
I always had this crazy idea that a few humans came from Venus when that planet was starting to go crazy maybe even by their hand. I always felt like humans for some reason seem to exist outside the Earth's natural ecosystem and not in harmony like nature is with Earth.
Please, don't fall for this... "BUT THE VEEEEEEENUS!!! ZEEEEOHHHHHTOOOOO...GREENHOUSE! WE ARE ALL GONE DIEEEEEEEE...!!!!!!!" crap. The Venus is a typical terrestrial hellfire planet in the final stage. All C and O baked out and recombined to CO2. The atmosphere consist of 96% CO2 and 4% nitrogen. If ALL CO2 would *poof* just vanish jow, the left 4% of nitrogen would still have the 4x mass of the entire earth atmosphere
Anton, have you ever thought about HOW plate tectonics Began?! The crust couldn't just spontaneously split into large sections without something Very large coming into contact with the planet just as or after the crust began cooling enough to be solid enough to be split by an impact.
The extra dose of sunlight that Venus gets seems to drive the runaway chemistry. What would happen if somehow the temperature could be lowered to approximate earth? Thanks, Anton.
I Love Antwon Teaching a Simple Public Educated Moron Such as Myself, Even If we Can’t Understand All of It , It at Least Gives us Dreams of Could-be or Maybe !!! The Thing’s Dreams are Born From Within Our Minds !!!!
Lack of a large moon, including if it is possible Theia's impact left that over dense structure above the core. Also wondering how the low level pressure on Venus would affect the geology are Cratons ever created under the ocean?
My only issue with the Pangea concept is believing that the Earth looked like it only have land on its other half and water (or whatever) on the opposite side.
It's all of the factors: smaller than Earth, doesn't have large enough moon, rotation is slower and in the opposite direction (result of the collision with a large planetoid, but not enough force to made a moon or maybe it just grazed it and shut internal dinamo) - all of these and maybe more
Eventually I think we'll find that Theia is the main reason the earth never had a chance to settle down, and caused a scrambling of the cooling mantle. Two rocky planets colliding in the goldilocks zone of a G star resulting in a single, stable terrestrial planet with a large moon has to be relatively uncommon. Theia causing enormous amounts of hot magma to be forced out of position would have set off the lava lamp effect we still see occurring. In that respect I'd say plate tectonics aren't exactly a surprising result - but it does mean that finding Earth 2.0 is likely to be more difficult than just looking for a water world in the goldilocks zone.
Looking at Venus really is like looking in a mirror darkly. It's everything Earth nearly could have been (and eventually will be when the Sun increases in luminosity by 10% in half a billion years) had our climate found itself destabilized just a bit too much.
Another question is why is earth habitable and Venus isn't or any other planet for that case? I think it's climate stability, and I think it's the answer to the Fermi paradox. Look at us, we had to cause climate change to get to where we are and there's a slim chance our civilization and technology will survive climate change. Also ignoring artificial climate change natural climate change for us only gives us like 20,000 years of interglacial periods in between glacial periods which basically makes most the planet unhabitable for 20,000 years. We are already 17,000 years into there current interglacial period so if it wasn't for global warming we'd probably be heading into another ice age in a few thousand years.
I suspect that in the coming decades we will discover Earth and Venus are more similar than we think, not only undergoing current volcanism, but I would suspect it also has tectonic plates, as there is evidence, as Anton noted, for fold mountains, there is also evidence for volcanic arcs - both telltale signs of active tectonic processes. Some structures appear to be 'mantle plume' volcanoes, like Hawaii, Reunion and Ross Island, with some evidence of previous eruptions in different locations - implying the crust moved across the plume. It is likely the processes on Venus are significantly slower than we see on Earth for a combination of factors - no gravitational influence by a large satellite, possibly the very slow rotational speed and certainly the mass of the atmosphere putting pressure on the surface. There are likely to be other factors we have yet to consider.
Venus rotates opposite earth also it’s day is longer than it’s year it sits and bakes at extreme temperatures it takes longer for Venus day to complete than rotate about the Venus has an unusual relationship between its day and year: • Length of a Day (Venusian Day): A day on Venus, defined as the time it takes for the planet to complete one full rotation on its axis, is about 243 Earth days. • Length of a Year (Venusian Year): A year on Venus, defined as the time it takes for the planet to complete one orbit around the Sun, is about 225 Earth days. Interestingly, this means that a day on Venus is longer than a year on Venus. Additionally, Venus rotates in the opposite direction to most planets in the solar system (retrograde rotation), so if you were on Venus, the Sun would appear to rise in the west and set in the east.
Anyone else think its wild that we are floating on an extremely hot blob of matter and we havent figured out how to extract energy out of it to power our modern lifestyle?? Like all the joules of energy we could ever want are right under our feet..
I have often wondered if many of the Earth's unique features are due to the tidal influences of its oversized moon. The Moon ("Luna") is responsible for the Earth having plate Techtonics which is one of the major engines of the Earth's Geology. I remember reading a Soviet textbook that asked its readers to think of the Earth's biosphere as the uppermost and most geologically active layer of the planet as opposed to something separate. That image has always stuck with me.
Venus probably has fewer silica minerals. You need to have the softer lighter materials to float on the harder heavier materials. I'd guess Venus doesn't have a lot of granite. Also, a large cold ocean is also a requirement because it's like a quench when doing metal work. Rapidly cooling metals causes fracturing. The last factor is our large moon, that we may have stolen some core materials from. So if a super charged core wasn't enough... we also get stronger tidal forces due to its size and proximity. Most planets have only a few of these conditions, but none all at once. It's why we are so rare.
When talking plate tectonics, I compare Cratons to pin balls. They are what keeps "bouncing" around due to mantle flow under them and around them and maybe also because of Thea remnants. They literally rebound of each other it seems.
I know there’s a lot of planets in the universe, imo there’s no other earth. Our planet is so perfect for life all the things that had to be just right the odds would be out of this world. When you add them all up. I’m open to being proven wrong…. I’d actually love to be wrong but I’m not holding my breath either .
There’s trillions of planets possibly(probably) more, not even counting moons( there’s 200+ in our solar system alone) The odds there’s not another earth like structure would have to be almost impossible.. just one trillion is such a unreal number if you stacked one trillion dollars on earth it would almost reach the sun. That number is so hard to conceptually understand. Saying there’s one earth out of TRILLIONS I don’t think we are that special.
My theory: Mercury was Venus’s moon but it fell out of its orbit and left Venus stunted in development of what could have been a sister planet to earth and our moon.
The prospect of high temperature electronics is the most exciting aspect of this video. The speculation about Venus history is hampered by poor data. Seismological readings from the surface would change all that. No one mentioned the possibility that, in spite of the nightmarish conditions at the surface, Venus could have cooled sufficiently to prevent a general circulation in the mantle. The observations about our moon might suggest that in the future, as Luna moves away from us, the circulation driving tectonic motion will slow and perhaps it is the gravitational influence of Luna that drives the motion across the surface and a planet without such a driving force might have active volcanism but no obvious movement of plates. Perhaps the geology of Io, with extreme tidal heating can give us an idea but its surface is so active that circulating plates may be small and constantly changing.
What happened to Venus? Simple.. it's slow rotation.. One side of the planet is too long in the sun, which heat that side enough to cause problems. Earth rotates much faster, so heat is more evenly spread...
Thanks for the video, very informative. But also hard to follow due to the choppy editing/ narration. It's distracting to see you reaching for your notes every 5 words haha.
It's also the timing of the Moon's capture. First it cracked open an already crusty planet. Added heat and spin to the mantle The moons close proximity ensured that the new crust remains flexible on till oceans formed to assist the next stage of plate formation. Wrote a paper on this theory when I was twelve years old 1973. Way ahead of my time. Teacher didn't know what I was talking about.😅😮✌️🤓😽🦜🖖
Frankly, as other commentors have mentioned, it was probably the Theia impact that recast Earth a second time that led to the development of continental plates
It would be fun to imagine Venus as being in "Geological Hibernation," only awaiting some super trigger. But, I don't expect to be around to see the end of that show.
What would be that trigger as the sun is warming up in the lead up to its expansion into a red giant 5 billions years into the deep future?
@@coweatsman I don't think he's talking about a reversal.
I think it would take something like a planetary collision and millions to billions of years of geological evolution... That just isn't likely outside the era of planetary formation and even if it did happen with a rouge planet, it's thought a planetary collision billions of years ago is already responsible for robbing Venus of its spin, it's probably more likely it would just make Venus even more inhospitable if that's possible.
I wonder if the spin of a planet plays a role in the development of plate tectonics.
A Thea-Gaia event would be quite something to see - but the way I've understood the speculations is that those types of events were more common in the early stage of solar-system formation...
or maybe GOD had a better lawyer, and got custody of all he & Venus created. . . 🙂
So the collision with Theia might genuinely be the number one reason the Earth is so good for life. How this relates here is that the Theia collision is one theory as to how plate tectonics started on Earth (it certainly fits well with why Venus never started plate tectonics). We know it gave us our tilt which gave us seasons, gave us the moon which gave us the ocean tides and most importantly stabilized our axial spin. One more thing it probably did was give us our strong magnetosphere.
So Theia might have given Earth; plate tectonics, a strong magnetosphere, stable spin, seasons and ocean tides- all things critical to Earth habitability.
but venus has that weird spin..... maybe it got a slap too?
I share this opinion. Theia also contributed by adding A LOT of heat to earth's mantle on that colision. Without it earth's crust might have solidified by now.
I think the nuclear fission reaction in the earth's core created enough heat that the core was liquid enough to create a strong magnetosphere, plate tectonics and retained atmosphere of oxygen, nitrogen, CO2, etc. The amount of Radon gas that bubbles up from the earth is indicative of the continued reaction of Uranium, Thorium, etc.
That collision, and the moon that resulted from it, also stabilized Earth's rotation and caused tides, which scientists say allowed for environments conducive to the formation of life as we know it.
Earth also sustained a major collision, possibly by another planet. That collision might have been the key event that propelled Earth into plate tectonics.
Gee really?
despite it being obvious, it'd be Interesting if planetologists aren't taking into account that Earth is a binary planet covered with liquid water when comparing it to Venus...
@@rolandthethompsongunner64why are you even commenting if your here to be a dick,this channel doesn’t need people like that here, this is a comment section of science
@@Graybeard_ nebiru passes every 3600 years
And it's likely Luna that has kept Earth's tectonic activity going.
I have to say I have never seen an educator with such commitment and passion. You are an inspiration to me, your work ethic is something to be admired!!
Something went wrong for Venus, rotates too slowly, no moon, no significant mag field.
I guess a head on collision with another planet or planetoid could explain it. A head on collision from the "wrong angle" would not produce a moon and would probably slow the planet's rotation significantly.
We don't know if any of these are required. it's very unlikely to be required at least for microbial life. And I can think of a way life could adapt or ways life could make it's own carbon cycle. Then theirs relatively calm versions of red dwarfs which could cause a similar effect to a moon. Although title locking is an issue just not a show stopper even on the day time side with the current distance or atmospheric make up
It's also outside of the current habitable zone, so the slowly increasing luminosity of the Sun was bound to turn Venus into what it is today sooner or later.
I mostly think a significant retrograde rotating planetesimal smacked Venus opposite of its direction of rotation so hard that it reversed its rotation to a crawl, stopping not just plate tectonics but that geomagnetic field as well, and caused Venus to revolve slower and maybe even migrate closer to the Sun.
@@TheWigglerglerOur Habitable Zone Definition is based on Venus, Earth and Mars being Venus is to Hot Mars is to Cold and Earth is just right so if Venus wasn't the hell scape it is today it may be different
Maybe if we turn Venus off and back on, it will start to run again.
Or hit it with a rock.
Reboot!
Interesting video. Two factors not mentioned are the very slow retrograde movement of Venus on its axis and virtual lack of an axial tilt. I don't know whether these could influence the lack of plate tectonics on Venus, but they certainly are strikingly different elements which as far as I know are still not completely explained.
Thank you Moon (and Thea) for making Earth habitable and not a hell world like Venus
Venus wasn't hit by a Mars size planet. That impact, the forming of the moon, it's tidal forces and there's the difference in plate tectonics.
One has to wonder how much water has to do with the "liquidity" of the Earth's crust.
Plate tectonics is effected by it. But cause? We had oceans during the Billion Years of Nothing when earth almost died and became a new slightly cooler Venus. Our oceans stagnated. Acid Rain ate at the land. The cause? Plate Tectonics had stopped. Venus is Venus because plate tectonics failed. Our earth is the way it is because it has it. It had stopped before, it could stop again, but life and our stable atmosphere requires it.
I study/watch every freaking science channel I can. A surprising amount actually especially in subduction zones.
That was my thought listening to this. Venus wasn't lubricated enough for it to keep recycling as well due to the temperatures or something.
One does wonder! Seems very logical
Water dramatically reduces the melting point of rock.
Something like 5-10% of earth’s crust is water
Anton you are such a truth spreader❤❤❤.there is nobility in such act.❤❤❤
Wonderful as always Anton. Thank you. 👍🙂
Liquid water would help lubricate subduction zones of the plates. Venus may have been too hot for liquid water. I guess the volcanoes are powered by mantle plumes like Hawaii’s.
This finding may indicate when Venus lost its water. Quite early in its history it seems.
There is evidence that graphite deposits from decaying microorganisms allowed plates to move past eachother much more easily.
Excited about more durable exploration of Venus. Great news! Thanks, Anton
I'm currently in the desert staring straight at Venus being super bright in a beautiful clear night sky right now and then this video pops up. 🤩
This is my favourite channel on RUclips
Thank you for the wonderful educational content. I have lost track of how many years I have been watching but i wanted you to know that you truly are a wonderful person!
7:42 Looks like Anton mistakenly swapped the heights of Maxwell Montes and Everest
Could the "lunar impact theory" explain the difference?
That is one big difference and the fact that Earth ended up with a large satellite whose tidal forces affect it as it rotates every 29 days. Compare that to Venus which has stronger tidal forces directed towards the Sun and its rotation has been very much slowed due to the interaction with a thick atmosphere. I'm sure modeling have considered which factors influence the formation of features that can assist with the development of plate tectonics, but I suspect it is a complicated scenario to model effectively.
it's ironic in its own way that we almost lived in a solar system with at least two habitable planets. Mars would have died very likely, but Venus...
Imagine the world if Venus were a habitable planet and how it could help us in finding out the beginning of life... etc etc etc.
+ we would have two planets, better than one.
It could have especially happened if Mars was Venus's size and had a major moon to agitate its interior and promote tectonic activity. Mars is far enough from the sun that if it has a similar mass to Venus or Earth, it could easily hold on to a major moon. It's possible that a Venus sized Mars could have evolved into a colder version of Earth.
@@Libertaro-i2u you are right. Imagine if the materials from the asteroid belt had ended up as part of Mars. . . or something similar. or perhaps if Jupiter had not swallowed so much material from the inner solar system during the birth of the solar system.... a solar system that would have had three habitable planets... imagine. the amount of information we could get, especially if each one had life that started on its own planet. and not to mention that the whole settlement process would be much easier. we could have become a multi-planetary species much earlier. not to mention the amount of information we could get by studying the life of those other planets and the history of its development. and Imagine if intellectual life had also developed in either of them. the amount of information that can also tell us about the universe and how common intellectual life is. "The Star System of the Three Worlds." we would also probably have a bit more scifi movies and books if our world was like that.
'Im Your Venus Im Your Fire ..."
*Anton's Our Wonderful Person
Sort of, a little bit, your desire
😂🎉
Isn't it "I'm the fire of your desire"...or have I been singing it wrong all these years??!!
Excelent video as usual
the Moon , venus doesnt have a moon
It'd be a lot cooler if it did, alright alright
Well it didn't have an icy Theia crash into it to make one
You noticed that.
Exactly. The churning of the mantle caused by the theia collision is what did it for us.
@@JaydragonMnot sure. We didn't have plate tectonics for the first billion years or so.
Anton videos are one of the best things on the Internet. He must be protected.
Dude. You are refreshing. Thank you for the stuff you put out
Earth's cratons were probably broken apart by the collision with Thea, and the whole thing kept stirred by the Lunar tides (to prevent resolidification). Without a Thea to break up Venus's crust, it solidified into one big craton.
Thank you, Anton. As always it was very informative and greatly intriguing.
Wow - a Venus rover would be amazing!
Thank you Anton
Really interesting,great video, thanks 👍❤
Interesting video as always, thanks
If i was to bet, the "some other ingredient" that made Earth thrive was the Giant Impact the formed the Moon and the two LLSVPs that added more differential to the mantle to start tectonics more vigorously, and also the distance to the Sun that allowed water to persist on the surface long enough.
I doubt it's required for a stable world. There's definitely other ways to get technic plates. And there are definitely other ways to get a carbon cycle going.
Hello, wonderful craton!
Venus..."Missed it by that much"
I had thought that the newly created Moon, in a close orbit, (About five thousand miles away at formation), would keep the surface of Earth, in the tidal zone of the Moon, liquid and mixed, possibly starting the convections that cause plate tectonics to continue, while the rest of the surface, starting at the poles, solidified. The chunks at the edge of the tidal zone being mixed into the liquid rock and pulled under by gravitational turbulence between the Earth and the Moon. The cratons might well have been simply large chunks that did not melt with the rest of the surface, may have been asteroids or shards of Thea or just lumps like in your oatmeal. they may have kept the entire surface of Earth from subducting, making actual plates likely and may have helped cool the surface around them.
Thea was the last large collision between Earth and a planetesimal, that's how all the planets formed, along with a steady stream of space junk. Venus probably didn't get that last, big shot of energy and mass and is slightly less massive than Earth. I can see cratons being embedded in Venuses surface, like on Earth and they may have made for cooling local solid areas, with the edges of those solid areas encouraging volcanism by being thinner and under stress from the collusions, also a form of plate tectonics, not unlike that of Mars, around the Tarsus plane at the Mariner Valley. It will take time and wheels on the ground for us to learn the truth.
@5:12 Wow! Looks like a MEGA HUGE Lava Lamp! 🫠
0:09 Hello, Anton! 😅
Interesting. Thanks again.
Interesting tidbit about a high thermal budget semiconductor. More information please
Really great topic Anton, why should we always travel so far away in space when there are so many fascinating things nearby?
A long time ago it might have been the other way around with Earth and Venus...
I can well imagine that Mars and Venus were quite suitable for living beings in their distant past (2.5 to 3.5 billion years ago)...
If there are other parallel universes, I believe Anton would be wonderful in every single one. There definitely is not a universe out there where he is horrible. It just wouldn't exist. It's impossible 😂😂
We get to exist in awareness of the Universe and each other
"Greetings, Program!"
"I'm your Venus, I'm your fire... at your desire."
Plate tectonics: "no, thanks. I'll pass."
This whole thing reminds me of chaos theory and how very tiny differences in starting conditions can cause two seemingly very similar systems to quickly and vastly diverge from one another.
The whole time you were talking about what could have possibly made Earth different than Venus, I kept saying, "the Moon." Glad you mentioned it. Sure seems like the obvious answer.
Water can be almost 100 C when steam can be over 2000 C on earth. That and boiling point of water on Venus is 300 C suggests everything on Venus surface is very dry but higher atmosphere is marinating in actual water.
The sun carries away hydrogen from venus's atmosphere. This doesn't happen on earth due to earths magnetic field which venus does not have.
@@jeremywright5036 It does have one, just much weaker than Earth and due to a totally different mechanism as well. Outside being nitpicking though you are correct.
What? 😂
@@loganskiwyse7823Nitpicking? There is no significant amount of hydrogen in Venus’s atmosphere. That means no water.
@@rolandthethompsongunner64 I meant the magnetic field. Think you missed that part? Read before you blast.
Wiki: “In about one billion years the solar luminosity will be 10% higher, causing the Earth atmosphere to become a "moist greenhouse", resulting in a runaway evaporation of the oceans. As a likely consequence, plate tectonics and the entire carbon cycle will end.” Venus gets 92% more luminosity (than today’s Earth), therefore with or without magnetosphere & moons Venus would get to what we see in less than billion years.
Venus is the poster child for a terrestrial hellfire planet in the final state(all oxygen and carbon of the olanet baked out and into carbondioxide).
Thanks
At 7:53: I think you have mixed something up here. Otherwise awesome video!
Water could be an additional factor in addition to the other reasons you mentioned. Thank you Anton for everything 🙏🎉❤
Goodnight wonderful Anton! 😴
Anton, have you heard of the book by Russian emigree to the US named Immanuel Velikovsky titled "Worlds in Collision"? It is mostly about the planet Venus and it running wild in our Solar system 3,500 years ago.
New Venus video. Awesome
So cool ❤
Yes, as many commentators suggest, I also strongly suspect that the Thea impact as well as the ongoing orbital tidal tug of the Moon contributed to forming, and continues to contribute to maintaining the active plate tectonics of the Earth.
The Theia collision and tidal heating from the Moon was what first came to my mind as well. But these are so obvious that I'm sure scientists have modelled both of them a long time ago.
Would Venus' retrograde motion have had any effect on any of this?
3:34 it's funny that Venus is most often shown rotating in the wrong direction
that's the way she goes
sometimes she goes sometimes it doesn't
it didn't go, it's the way she goes
My pet hypothesis is that because of our large moon it allowed us to have plate tectonics which allowed us to have a stable climate. Venus does not have a large moon, developed a harder shell that rapidly and violently replaced itself every so often, leading to high pressure both above and below the surface.
What about the fact it rotates retrograde and takes a year to rotate. The days would be relentless. I think something majorly went wrong with venus
Hi, Mr Petrov. I'm from Brazil.
When soviet probe (I think Venera) orbited Venus, the photos it took was very different. That showed a planet that looks like Earth from space, but not many were published and the few we find in internet are in bad resolution. It was white and blue. 99,99% of pictures of Venus in internet are not optical images, but graphic representations based in bad interpreted data, they are more like artistic representations.
WHY???
I believe the space agencies in the 1960's discovered Venus is very similar to Earth and they tried to hide it from the people. Many data obtained from probes and radiotelescopes have misinterpretations that turn the reality upside down.
Because of Venus position between Earth and Sun, it is easier to tell and keep false claims. The moment Venus is near Earth it aligns with Sun and turns impossible to observe from here on our planet. It is easier to lie about Venus than Mars, for example. So all we know about Venus come from the internal circles inside space agencies. Very restricted circles. To observe Venus showing its illuminated face from a telescope over Earth, we must wait until Venus position is far from us. So we can see a blueish pale planet wich is the biggest albedo in Solar System, not a dark orb as we are accustomed to believe.
Hug
I always had this crazy idea that a few humans came from Venus when that planet was starting to go crazy maybe even by their hand. I always felt like humans for some reason seem to exist outside the Earth's natural ecosystem and not in harmony like nature is with Earth.
Please, don't fall for this... "BUT THE VEEEEEEENUS!!! ZEEEEOHHHHHTOOOOO...GREENHOUSE! WE ARE ALL GONE DIEEEEEEEE...!!!!!!!" crap.
The Venus is a typical terrestrial hellfire planet in the final stage. All C and O baked out and recombined to CO2. The atmosphere consist of 96% CO2 and 4% nitrogen. If ALL CO2 would *poof* just vanish jow, the left 4% of nitrogen would still have the 4x mass of the entire earth atmosphere
Anton, have you ever thought about HOW plate tectonics Began?! The crust couldn't just spontaneously split into large sections without something Very large coming into contact with the planet just as or after the crust began cooling enough to be solid enough to be split by an impact.
I wonder if scientists could find a way to tell whether there was Plate Tectonics on Earth before the creation of the Moon? Great video, as always!
Yes. Screw Mars. Venus Cloud cities.
The extra dose of sunlight that Venus gets seems to drive the runaway chemistry. What would happen if somehow the temperature could be lowered to approximate earth?
Thanks, Anton.
Venus' slow rotation is also a major problem, because that weakens whatever magnetic field Venus might have possessed.
Venus’ day is longer than its year and is spinning backwards, just another layer of craziness in this hell planet mystery cake
finally news that isn't depressing
That was a really cool effect at 4:52 where you opened up the Earth. Is there some kind of remote control you can get for that?
I Love Antwon Teaching a Simple Public Educated Moron Such as Myself, Even If we Can’t Understand All of It , It at Least Gives us Dreams of Could-be or Maybe !!! The Thing’s Dreams are Born From Within Our Minds !!!!
Lack of a large moon, including if it is possible Theia's impact left that over dense structure above the core. Also wondering how the low level pressure on Venus would affect the geology are Cratons ever created under the ocean?
My only issue with the Pangea concept is believing that the Earth looked like it only have land on its other half and water (or whatever) on the opposite side.
It's all of the factors: smaller than Earth, doesn't have large enough moon, rotation is slower and in the opposite direction (result of the collision with a large planetoid, but not enough force to made a moon or maybe it just grazed it and shut internal dinamo) - all of these and maybe more
Eventually I think we'll find that Theia is the main reason the earth never had a chance to settle down, and caused a scrambling of the cooling mantle. Two rocky planets colliding in the goldilocks zone of a G star resulting in a single, stable terrestrial planet with a large moon has to be relatively uncommon. Theia causing enormous amounts of hot magma to be forced out of position would have set off the lava lamp effect we still see occurring. In that respect I'd say plate tectonics aren't exactly a surprising result - but it does mean that finding Earth 2.0 is likely to be more difficult than just looking for a water world in the goldilocks zone.
Looking at Venus really is like looking in a mirror darkly. It's everything Earth nearly could have been (and eventually will be when the Sun increases in luminosity by 10% in half a billion years) had our climate found itself destabilized just a bit too much.
Maybe it went wrong here and caused life. Maybe dead and inhabitable planets are the norm.
That’s a lot of Discoveries
Another question is why is earth habitable and Venus isn't or any other planet for that case?
I think it's climate stability, and I think it's the answer to the Fermi paradox. Look at us, we had to cause climate change to get to where we are and there's a slim chance our civilization and technology will survive climate change.
Also ignoring artificial climate change natural climate change for us only gives us like 20,000 years of interglacial periods in between glacial periods which basically makes most the planet unhabitable for 20,000 years. We are already 17,000 years into there current interglacial period so if it wasn't for global warming we'd probably be heading into another ice age in a few thousand years.
I suspect that in the coming decades we will discover Earth and Venus are more similar than we think, not only undergoing current volcanism, but I would suspect it also has tectonic plates, as there is evidence, as Anton noted, for fold mountains, there is also evidence for volcanic arcs - both telltale signs of active tectonic processes. Some structures appear to be 'mantle plume' volcanoes, like Hawaii, Reunion and Ross Island, with some evidence of previous eruptions in different locations - implying the crust moved across the plume.
It is likely the processes on Venus are significantly slower than we see on Earth for a combination of factors - no gravitational influence by a large satellite, possibly the very slow rotational speed and certainly the mass of the atmosphere putting pressure on the surface. There are likely to be other factors we have yet to consider.
@geogirl have great videos about ancient tectonics and the carbon cycle.
Venus rotates opposite earth also it’s day is longer than it’s year it sits and bakes at extreme temperatures it takes longer for Venus day to complete than rotate about the Venus has an unusual relationship between its day and year:
• Length of a Day (Venusian Day): A day on Venus, defined as the time it takes for the planet to complete one full rotation on its axis, is about 243 Earth days.
• Length of a Year (Venusian Year): A year on Venus, defined as the time it takes for the planet to complete one orbit around the Sun, is about 225 Earth days.
Interestingly, this means that a day on Venus is longer than a year on Venus. Additionally, Venus rotates in the opposite direction to most planets in the solar system (retrograde rotation), so if you were on Venus, the Sun would appear to rise in the west and set in the east.
Anyone else think its wild that we are floating on an extremely hot blob of matter and we havent figured out how to extract energy out of it to power our modern lifestyle?? Like all the joules of energy we could ever want are right under our feet..
Geothermal power is a thing.
Wasn't Nikola Tesla working on that?
It's juuust out of reach to be generally economical.
I have often wondered if many of the Earth's unique features are due to the tidal influences of its oversized moon. The Moon ("Luna") is responsible for the Earth having plate Techtonics which is one of the major engines of the Earth's Geology. I remember reading a Soviet textbook that asked its readers to think of the Earth's biosphere as the uppermost and most geologically active layer of the planet as opposed to something separate. That image has always stuck with me.
Venus probably has fewer silica minerals. You need to have the softer lighter materials to float on the harder heavier materials. I'd guess Venus doesn't have a lot of granite. Also, a large cold ocean is also a requirement because it's like a quench when doing metal work. Rapidly cooling metals causes fracturing. The last factor is our large moon, that we may have stolen some core materials from. So if a super charged core wasn't enough... we also get stronger tidal forces due to its size and proximity. Most planets have only a few of these conditions, but none all at once. It's why we are so rare.
It's the Rotation...or lack of.
When talking plate tectonics, I compare Cratons to pin balls. They are what keeps "bouncing" around due to mantle flow under them and around them and maybe also because of Thea remnants. They literally rebound of each other it seems.
Moon is probably the best answer, i always thought that the big ladel in the sky was responsible for the earth newer got stale
I know there’s a lot of planets in the universe, imo there’s no other earth. Our planet is so perfect for life all the things that had to be just right the odds would be out of this world. When you add them all up. I’m open to being proven wrong…. I’d actually love to be wrong but I’m not holding my breath either .
There’s trillions of planets possibly(probably) more, not even counting moons( there’s 200+ in our solar system alone) The odds there’s not another earth like structure would have to be almost impossible.. just one trillion is such a unreal number if you stacked one trillion dollars on earth it would almost reach the sun. That number is so hard to conceptually understand. Saying there’s one earth out of TRILLIONS I don’t think we are that special.
My theory: Mercury was Venus’s moon but it fell out of its orbit and left Venus stunted in development of what could have been a sister planet to earth and our moon.
This was an early theory of many astronomers in the 19. century, but is disproved now.
@@RaimoHöft that’s what they said about birds being dinosaurs yet now we know Darwin and Huxley were right about that
Greetings from the BIG SKY of Montana. Almost is not very close.
Close, no cigar.
The prospect of high temperature electronics is the most exciting aspect of this video. The speculation about Venus history is hampered by poor data. Seismological readings from the surface would change all that.
No one mentioned the possibility that, in spite of the nightmarish conditions at the surface, Venus could have cooled sufficiently to prevent a general circulation in the mantle.
The observations about our moon might suggest that in the future, as Luna moves away from us, the circulation driving tectonic motion will slow and perhaps it is the gravitational influence of Luna that drives the motion across the surface and a planet without such a driving force might have active volcanism but no obvious movement of plates.
Perhaps the geology of Io, with extreme tidal heating can give us an idea but its surface is so active that circulating plates may be small and constantly changing.
What happened to Venus? Simple.. it's slow rotation.. One side of the planet is too long in the sun, which heat that side enough to cause problems. Earth rotates much faster, so heat is more evenly spread...
Thanks for the video, very informative. But also hard to follow due to the choppy editing/ narration. It's distracting to see you reaching for your notes every 5 words haha.
So how do we get them started
Non-volatile memory that can function at temperatures up to 600 C? That’s awesome
It's also the timing of the Moon's capture.
First it cracked open an already crusty planet.
Added heat and spin to the mantle
The moons close proximity ensured that the new crust remains flexible on till oceans formed to assist the next stage of plate formation.
Wrote a paper on this theory when I was twelve years old 1973. Way ahead of my time. Teacher didn't know what I was talking about.😅😮✌️🤓😽🦜🖖
🙋♀️💖anton
Frankly, as other commentors have mentioned, it was probably the Theia impact that recast Earth a second time that led to the development of continental plates