The WORST Comeback in F1 History...
HTML-код
- Опубликовано: 29 июл 2023
- With Daniel Ricciardo making his F1 return with Alpha Tauri last weekend in Hungary, I thought we could take a look at, what is in my opinion, the worst F1 comeback of all time, that being Luca Badoer's short two race stint at Ferrari in 2009. Here's the story of that strange period of time in Formula One...
Join this channel to get access to perks:
/ @fp1will
DISCORD: / discord
TIKTOK: www.tiktok.com/@fp1will?lang=en
TWITCH: / fp1will
PATREON: / fp1
TWITTER: / fp1will
INSTAGRAM: / fp1.will
Don't forget to LIKE, COMMENT and SUBSCRIBE for weekly F1 content!
Fancy some F1 Merch, check out my Fanatics Affiliate link below to support the channel at the same time! f1.pxf.io/FP1Will
For any Business Enquiries: FP1.sponsorship@gmail.com
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright Disclaimer: Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. There are certain scenes from the Formula 1 calendar where race footage is used. All those rights are property of FOM. Other photos and news elements are used solely for the purpose of assisting the original content illuminate a more in depth story 
Авто/Мото
The fact his replacement Fisichella also failed (and had just as poor results) showed it wasn't entirely Luca's fault.
Fisichella was horrible at Renault
You seem to have a short memory
Fisichella and badoer are stroll level drivers
@@sadikurrahman4833 Fisichella won a race in a Jordan and finished P4 in the drivers championship at Renault. Not too bad
@@eggselent9814and was fresh off a pole in a force India 2 race before
Exactly. And yes….we getting old lol
@@sadikurrahman4833 Fisichella won 3 races and took 16 other podium finishes, mostly for midfield teams like Jordan and Benetton. He also took a stunning pole position for Force India in Spa '09 and narrowly lost out on the race win to Kimi Raikkonen in the Ferrari. Never quite a top-level championship contender but consistent and fast.
Badoer was a brilliant driver in the 90s. He had great results in junior series including F3000 and made it to F1 despite not having the budget of many of his competitors.
He was on course to score a brilliant 4th place finish for Minardi in the chaotic 1999 European Grand Prix only for his car to break down not far from the end, leaving us with an iconic moment of Luca crying by the side of the track reminiscent of Häkkinen in Monza.
After that Badoer was instrumental to Ferrari's success in the early 2000s (a fact acknowledged by Schumi), pumping in thousands of test laps at Fiorano while the rules still allowed that.
Come 2009 in-season testing was banned and Badoer hadn't sat in an F1 car for two years, doing only simulator work. The fact that he did not bin it (that 1 km/h tap when parking the car notwithstanding) in these circumstances is actually quite impressive, although he was quite off pace.
Nice gesture of Ferrari to give him the chance as a thank you for many years of service.
tl;dr Badoer was an underrated driver and the 2009 memes don't do justice to his career and contribution to the sport. Those who know know.
Very true, but you've got to blame Ferrari (as usual) for the terrible comeback. As you've said, Badoer came in without any real experience in the car. He also hadn't raced in F1 for almost a decade and was WAY past his prime. He was set up for failure by the team.
At the very least he got to drive for Ferrari in a race, if I'm not mistaken he even said he was happy to have just driven for Ferrari
@@redbullsauberpetronas Same thing for Fisico, he had a great race at Spa and would probably repeat the same performance at Monza, but when you're Italian being offered a Ferrari seat at Monza, it's almost like a dream come true.
Murray: he's doing a Hakkinen
There could have been bad memes in 1993 as well. Much more was expected from that team before the season. In f1 driving is not so important, because thats the skill top 30 drivers have almost equal. Its more about the team and car. And driver should have a good PR management.
My biggest issue with Badoer has always been the armchair morons bitching about him and "hOw bAd hE wAs". He had literally no chance after a full ten years out of a race seat, there was next to no need for test drivers by then and the F60 was notoriously difficult to get your head around. F1 was pretty cruel to him overall (the Lola Ferrari was traaaash, the 85 Minardi was supposed to have the Mugen Honda but Briatore stole it and the 99 Minardi broke down on him in a couple of point scoring opportunities.) Can't argue with him being an F3000 champion in 92 (beating the likes of Barrichello and Coulthard) either.
it's a pun "lookhow badyouare"
@@Snowpiercer2 yeah I've heard that lame pun before from internet comedians.
@@Mike-xh8fl so the bottom line is "he was bad but it wasn't his fault"?
@@Snowpiercer2 an F3000 champion isn't "bad" no matter which way you slice it. The Ferrari race drive so long after he drove an f1 car in anger was a bad idea, certainly.
@@Mike-xh8fl so "he was bad but was better when younger"?
Just seeing the footage of that spring hitting Massa gives me chills. He was never the same driver after that😪
And the "Fernando is faster than you" really sealed it for Felipe.
The halo will not stop that from happening again.
@phil4986 modern helmets are a bit better, though we are trying our best
@@phil4986 Safety Cars do. As much as I hate the modern practice of calling a safety car for every little thing, they just don't leave wreckage lying around at the track anymore.
@@endeavor44 more than a bit better for this scenario as they are reinforced above the visor so this shouldn't, hopefully, happen again.
People are far too harsh on Luca Badoer for his comeback.
He hadn't raced in F1 for 10 years - during which period, the cars changed substantially. Yes he had ample testing experience, but racing is a different beast.
He was also significantly older than the rest of the grid, but crucially without the consistent race fitness that older drivers like Jarno Trulli and Giancarlo Fisichella had.
Finally, the Ferrari F60 was a heap of shit. Raikkonen worked a miracle with it to get a win, which still required the main title contenders starting out of position and a huge first lap crash to pull off.
The fact that Fisichella did no better with that car after Badoer - bearing in mind how much more experience and fitness etc he would've had - speaks volumes.
Fact is, it was a thank you from Ferrari to Luca for his years of dedication to the team. Michael Schumacher, Jean Todt, Ross Brawn, Luca Di Montozemalo all said that he was crucial to Ferrari winning all the titles when they did. It is exceptionally rare for someone within Ferrari to be universally liked because of its internal politics, but Badoer was.
Imagine Michael getting back in an F1 car on that weekend, changing his whole life trajectory and not going skiing on that tragic day years later 🥺
2010 Schumacher vs Alonso vs Vettel championship fight
He was too scared to face kimi in the same car
@@sadikurrahman4833 No, he wasn't. He was tired of the sport, Ferrari management wanting their team back and the FIA tactics to screw him over.
He's also very good friends with Massa and knew that if he stayed Felipe wouldn't get a chance in Ferrari, so he decided to step down and let his friend have his time to shine.
@@deerlord2363 Yes he was, he was past his peak at that point & already nearly lost the 2003 championship to Raikkonen, even though McLaren was much slower than the Ferrari. The excuse he used with Massa is pure PR, Massa was never even that good.
@nath1606 he had a fracture in his neck, which hadn't been discovered before and would have been deadly in a high G force accident. So yeah, he was scared of certain death 😑
Jenson Button’s Monaco 2017 comeback didn’t exactly go to plan, although the worst comeback was probably Bruno Giacomelli’s return in 1990 with the Life team. Need I elaborate further?
Aidan Millward may help here.
Yes please elaborate further for those of us who were not yet walking this Earth in 1990 😆
@@deerlord2363 neither was I but I’m a massive nerd. The Life team came with an F3000 (what we’d now call f2) chassis and experimental engine. They never pre-qualified for races (the days when 40 cars were going for 26 grid slots meant the really slow ones were on their way home by Friday lunchtime). At Imola he was six minutes off the next fastest time in Pre-Qualifying. Jimmy Broadbent has a brilliant video on the performance and Aidan Millward has done a few on the troubled nature of the team.
EDIT: Also Giacomelli had been out for 7 years before this and only got a call cause every other driver told the team to get lost or didn’t have a super licence.
@@davplaysmusic Holy cow, 6 whole minutes off the next fastest car?! That's painful. 🤣
Thank you very much mate, I will look up those videos. 👍
@@davplaysmusicactually, their chassis was bad, even by F3000 standards
2:11 MSC crashed not on a bicycle, but a superbike at 140 mph.
DailyMail: But now Dr Johannes Peil has given a full list of the injuries Schumacher suffered when he fell from his Honda Superbike during a test session, Dr Peil said: 'He had a serious injury to the seventh vertebra of the neck, a fracture of the first left rib and a fracture at the base of the skull, roughly the size of a thumbnail but in a place supporting the whole weight of the skull."
Bike doesn't only mean bicycle. A motorbike is also called a bike.
With all that he will at least finish the race without crashing
Alex Zanardi's ill fated return to F1, was full of pomp and ceremony.
As bad comebacks go, it's hard to beat Jenson Buttons comeback in the 2017 Monaco Grand Prix.
Several months after retiring, he was persuaded back to fill Fernando Alonso's boots so he could go drive in the Indy 500.
Qualifying down in 9th was followed by a 15 place grid penalty for fitting new parts, followed by a further penalty for breaking parc ferme rules, things only got worse in the race when he tried to kill Pascal Wehrlein by flipping the German Drivers Sauber upside down into the barriers at the tunnel entrance. A move which saw 2 points added to Jenson's superlicence and an early shower for the Brit after bending the McLarens front suspension beyond repair.
To be fair to Jenson, qualifying in P9 was a miracle with THAT car.
He's now fucking up in Nascar
Jenson is underrated in my opinion. This return 2017 sucked and he had bad luck that the McLaren sucked from 2013. But his driving style was always world class, he "only" got 15 victories and one title. But all the podiums with McLaren 2010-2012 put him in the title fight for a long time. Button is the most underrated champion of the 2000s and it's a shame he left F1 at McLarens absolute down
@DavidLimReport ha. If youve ever met a race car driver who isn't aiming to win, you've never met a race car driver.
@@winzracingNZ I met Latifi once
Shouldn't we have someone who did really good and came back really bad be considered the worst comeback
Thats Michael Schumacher
@@mariolisnah schumi wasn’t in a good car, and ended up really helping them get a leg up for the turbo hybrid era
@@mariolis that was Mansell
Schumacher was too scared to face kimi 😂
Kimi would’ve destroyed him
There’s a reason he couldn’t handle fast teammates. Too scared of the challenge
@@sadikurrahman4833 he beat Piquet, Brundle and Patrese who were all good drivers. Brundle wasn't a superstar and Piquet was at the back end of his career but beating a 3 time champion is still beating a 3 time world champion, just ask Alain Prost
I would say Mansell's McLaren adventure. At least Badoer could fit in the seat.
Grojean's comeback in 2012 up until whenever his fireball was. People forget that he was so bad at first that he got sent back to GP2.
Wrong he did lost Renault
And made a pretty come back with Lotus (another team that will fuck him again by going bankrupt in the speed of the Concorde doing NY-Paris)getting podium with a F1 that can be top3 in a race and top10 in another race AND against Vettel, Raikkonen, Alonso, Rosberg and all those incredible driver.
It's pretty good.
Grosjean was the only driver giving red bull any competition in the second half of 2013
@@redbullsauberpetronas I'm not the only one with a brain thanks
@@Lucas-xj3fhHe also helped Haas getting points in the first three seasons. Thanks to him (and K-Mag) the team placed 5th in the championship
According to Grosjean himself (in a podcast with Rosberg), Briatore signed him on for the rest of 2009 + 2010 but when Crashgate was brought to light and Briatore got his ban, Grosjean was also sent off specifically because of the Briatore ties.
Kimi was driving at very high level in second half of 2009.
Now just a heads up. What i would note, cos i do feel very sorry for him. Was he the wrong choice? Yes. in the sense that he had never ever driven the European GP before. in a car he hadn't driven in 10 months. and obviously not starting a GP in near 10 years. To be frank the fact he did manage to keep it out the wall at Valencia was quite impressive.
He raced for Scuderia Italia in 1993 picking up a career best 7th ...of course back then top 6 scored points.
he then drive for Minardi in 1995.
Forti in 1996 who went bankrupt half way through the season
and Minardi again in 1999 he was in 4th (after a 38 second pitstop at the european GP) Without the pitstop he would of came out 2nd. (yes the stewart of barrichello and the prost of trulli would of gotten him as they were faster cars) but he held 4th until his gearbox broke with 13 laps remaining.
IN F3000 as well he beat Barrichello,Mcnish,Coulthard and Panis All in all i dont think he was 1 of those champions in waiting types. But he did deserve a lot more then his record states. But thats just F1...some people are lucky some people are VERY lucky and some people are incredibly UNLUCKY.
If you adjust for the modern points system, Luca scored 26 in his career which is the same as Marcus Winklehock and Stoffle Vandoorne.
Of all seasons Badoer had as a Ferrari test driver, this was the worst season for him to be an injury replacement.
Three reasons:
1. It can be said that Ferrari was at its lowest point of Badoer's tenure during that season
2. KERS system which needed some new approach
3. In-season testing had been banned for that season
Riccardo's return made so much of an impact in me that in today's GP I forgot he was even driving.
Indeed. Hands the driver of all time
Mansell at McLaren in 1995... wouldn;t fit in the car so missed the start of season... had one finish and 2 Dnfs then left (something like that anyway)
Technically wasn’t a comeback as he’d raced partly for Williams the year before (and won if im not mistaken)
In 1999 when Michael Schumacher broke his leg, I reckon Badoer's name was strongly in the mix of drivers to replace him, eventually, and understandably going with Mika Salo instead. Over time Badoer became a works Ferrari driver - and in 2009 a combination of guilt and Italian patriotism saw Badoer being bumped up... I would love an alternative history for Luca. Imagine he drove in 1999... where would have been then? World beater?! Probably not, but he could have eeked out his top level career longer.
I kinda had to think of Nigel Mansell's "comeback", where he missed the first two races as McLaren tried to make the car wider for him to fit in.
If it counts, then Prosts comeback as a Team owner/manager...
Also Narein Karthekeian (or so)... tough you could argue his comeback was just as bad as he always was.
Thinking about it Massa really was one unlucky guy accounting for the sheer unlikelihood of getting hit by that spring and “is that Glock?”
"Is that glock" wasn't unlucky. Glock not pitting for wets is why he was ahead of hamilton in the first place. He was gonna lose the championship either way.
@@kennedyshotfirst2534 Glock had 15 seconds of advantage literally at the half of the last lap. Something shady happened afterwards.
@@rndszrvaltas You can watch that lap here on youtube. That car had zero grip on dry tyres in the rain. There was nothing shady about it.
@@kennedyshotfirst2534 There is absolutely nothing about that lap that would explain how one manages to slow down so much in half of a lap without ever losing control over the car that makes one lose 15 godforsaken seconds. It's a nonsense. He was travelling under the very same circumstances for multiple laps without them ever getting ANY closer to him. It's just unforgivable.
@@Beau_RivageThat is a possible cheap way out for sure
KMag’s 2015 Australian GP rings to mind. He either crashed or broke down in each session, then his car failed on the formation lap.
How about the supremely talented Paul Belmondo's comeback in 1994? The way he dominated the 94 season in the Pacific Ilmor was amazing.
Still one of the scariest accident I've seen in F1. The fact that he was hardly breaking going into the barrier meant I knew something was wrong immediately (unlike stupid Jonathan Legard on commentary might I add). I'm amazed he got back to racing, though he was never quite the same afterwards.
Can't listen to the word 'comeback' any more without thinking about Andy Dwyer and Kim Kardashian 😂😂
I didnt understood how the Scuderia came to that decision to let Badoer drive.
He was the Testdriver of the Team. They Had exactly to know Ho far He was away from the Speed of Kimi and Felipe
Jow Will, These videos are insane man! Thanks a lot! Love the bigband intro
Fisichella said on beyond the grid podcast that the 2009 car was so hard to drive compared to the force India
luka was definitely a good racer, but he was always unlucky and he got terribly slow cars, I remember how in the late 90s he rode 4th, on minardi! on minardi who didn't earn points at all, and then minardi breaks down at the end of the race... Luka throws the steering wheel out of the car and starts crying. I fully understand his emotions, you almost scored points that you don't have in your career, and the car lets you down again. Luka was undoubtedly a fast and promising racer in the 90s, but he didn't get the seats in the cars that he deserved.
The fact that you've used music from the original Star Fox has gained you an instant subscriber.
Ah yes Romain Grosjean and his kamikaze drives back in the day,since his accident people act as if he was a top driver yet forget how mediocre he was,funny how one moment washes all the dumb moment he had before.Wonder if he is still racing ?
Grosjean drives in Indycar nowadays.
Another driver who was considered to replace Felipe Massa was Valentino Rossi, but he turned it down because he wouldn't have been able to do any testing in the car prior to the next race.
The rules that year banned in season testing. How was Badoer supposed to be on the pace having not driven the car.
NIgel Mansell's efforts in 1994 and especially 1995 were worth a mention. He couldnt even fit into the McLaren in 1995 to begin with.
3:37 This will never not be funny
I think you should have explained his importance to Ferrari more
Cant wait to see your comedy review! Hope you have a better time getting home then last week, best of luck that your flight wont get canceled 😁
Badoer got a bit of a raw deal. Yes, he hadn't scored a point before but he drove for some absolutely abysmal teams like Forti, and if the car had held together he could have netted a 4th for Minardi in 1999 which would have been an incredible result. Bringing him back after a decade out of F1, of course he was incredibly rusty and the car was a pig to drive, something Kimi and Massa were able to disguise because they'd both been with the team for a few years and were used to it. When he was replaced with Fisichella - who had far more recent F1 experience - he couldn't do much with the car either. So I don't think it was totally his fault the way it worked out, though he didn't help himself with so many silly mistakes and mishaps. He did at least finish both his races without stuffing the car into the wall, which probably puts him above Grosjean.
love the use of the starfox theme
Every year Ferrari appear on the grid. This has to be the most optimistic team since 1950.
I think that's a bit harsh on Badoer, he hadn't driven in an F1 race weekend since the 1999 japanese grand prix with Minardi, so it was always gonna be very tough for him.
As bad comeback's go, last Aussie F1 champion (1980) Alan Jones had a shocker with the backmarker Lola in 1985-6 but I reckon the worst ever would have to be Nigel Mansell's very breif stint in a McLaren back in 1995. Also a two race stint - because he was too fat to fit in the cockpit keeping him out of the start of the season then had handling issues in an admittedly uncompeditive car.
Mansell in early 95 wasnt a comeback, he finished the 94 season with Williams.
at least he was fast somewhere, even if it was just the pitlane
😂😂😂😂
It was great and good to see Luca Badoer coming back. Sure, nobody had any good result expectations as he didn't have any experience with these cars in racing conditions.
Would love to see an Indy car video on this same topic
Don't buy your balding Vettel from Wish
Controversially ild say schumi. Now before i probably get crusified like i deserve. Think about comparing his success before and after. Before he retired the first time he was the goat. When he came back he only had one podium in three years. Then he retried as the Goat again, but if we look at his before and after Schumi had a shocking comeback 😅
No hate of course. Schumacher will always be the Goat to me
@@baxterboy9160not really his fault if mercedes was a shitbox
He was asked out to retirement to build the german mercedes team not win a championship tbf and you say it was a bad come back... but imagine if LH didn't leave McLaren and he stayed around for 2 more years and and he ended up in the car LH dominated in.... it was just bad luck that by the time the cars development was on the right track, he was ousted for LH, he Monaco qualifying showed he still had that schumi magic in him if not at the same level as his first stint.
Schumi's comeback could have been better.
but it was not bad.
@@JohnDoe-fy9cvMercedes was the fastest car in that quali
Lewis is 10 times better than Crymacher
Jacques Villeneuve 2004 at Renault and 2005 at Sauber, post sabbatical after BAR. That was a hugely disappointing unceremonious end for those hoping the former Champion could shine just a little.
Ferrari should have had put their bets on the fresher Bourdais, or risk it on GP2 champion Pantano.
Worst comeback - Bruno Giacomelli in the Life. Jan Lammers in the March.
The press eventually named him look how bad you are💀
What is the music playing in background? Is it Pokémon?
BADOER.
The most underrated italian driver in F1 history.
With today's system, he scored some points
Ahhh yes, good old Luca How Bad You Are.
I would say Michael Schumacher’s come-back at Mercedes was probably the worst, if you look at expectations versus actual results.
The parc ferme crash is hilarious. This is supposed to be the pinnacle of motorsport.
Cool Big Band stuff.
So Fisichella, at the top of his abilities, having just done a sensational pole position with the Force India, goes to Ferrari and performs more or less as bad as Luca Badoer who didn't drive a F1 car in decades... I guess this underlines how good Luca Badoer was... Even Michael Schumacher was very off the pace when he came back only 3 years after leaving F1.
That 1993 car is soooo beautiful
This needs to be a series. Jensen Button going to NASCAR instead is pretty bloody awful
You put Ricciardo in the video, but I don't think he can compete with Luca for the worst comeback ever.
You missed the best (worst?) part of the whole ordeal. Memers jokingly call his return "LookHow BadYouAre" as a wordplay with his name.
This is beating a dead horse, Will.
Riccardo got some instant karma from the universe for stealing De Vries' drive like that, all because he was so desperate to get back on the grid. Hope it was worth it. I think Lawson deserves the car more.
“Anyone can win in a good car”
Right?
Picture if they put Michael in the 09 car
Imagine the graphics, HAM, MAS, RAI... BAD lol
How are you able to monetize this video using the Super Mario Odissey Theme? lol
Alex Zanardi comeback from Indy wasn't so good as well in 1999.
Far from the pace of Ralf Schumacher.
Thought this was about Robert Kubica at first
I expected a joke with the nickname he earned in that period: Oh, look how bad you are.
What about Nigel Mansell in 1995?
I remember it. And also how bad Fisichella was
Danny Ric…This could still rank up there as bad….
Jeremy Clarkson, "Eat my exhaust Badoer".
Such a shame Michael couldn't return. The sport could have been very different.
Worse definitely happened lol, Rosset in 98 after missing 97 except 1 quali for instance.
Well Tosser was at Lola for 97 and returned in 98 with Tyrell which would become BAR in 99, then became Honda 2006, then Brawn in 2009, then became Mercedes in 2010
A lot of people here are really debating whether Ricardo Rosset is Formula One material.
Well its a fairly short debate Murray.
💀
@@dangerdean9066 he did 1 quali and missed the rest of the season in 97, I'd say that counts. He got destroyed by Takagi of all drivers lol
@@xiaofengxiaofengxiaofengxi4651 He was a Tyrells test driver so it was no suprise
yeah no need to dog on luca, he was a big part of the schumacher ferrari success so to dog on him by saying he is so awful is just stupid
Yep, Schumi always said Luca was a big part of their success.
Lewis hamilton’s hair line
Hilarious video :D
Giacomelli with Life in 91 might be worse
TBF, I'm not an F1 fan, and only Will could make me even care...Mainly for the severe piss taking out of the side show F1's become.
man.
*MAN we where so close to have the goat back in a good car*
Vegetable was destroyed by Rosberg 😂😂😂😂’goat’
Check the records again
Max is leagues ahead of Crymacher
@@AZBCDEE When did we talk about Rosberg ?
When did we talk about Verstappen ?
Are you fucking braindead wtf even if you are new in F1 at least try to think.
Ferrari screwed Luca even harder than they did Leclerc. He was a great driver in the 90s but 10 years scrubs that away. The man kicked Michele Alboreto into the ground in 1993 and finished seventh so many times it makes me wonder what the fuck was going on. Also Mansells McLaren shitshow was definitely worse since Badoer was able to fit in the Ferrari which is more than the king of overrated and overweighted could manage
Mansell in 95?
Roman is not F1 material
and that was obvious back then.
i wonder how he kept himself alive all this time...
And most important of all,
how he didn't chop off someone else's head.
I am glad he went away to Fentanyl land
The most famous come back i can think of is kim kardasian (the parks and rec joke)...
Where’s the spa comedy review?
Editing it as we speak
I don't get why anyone expected anything other than what happened to be honest, his last race experience was as a backmarker for 4 years a decade previous to this call up which is why to me it's not the worst comeback every, I mean what was he coming back from? Never scoring a point?
another fun fact is that he has a DNF in 50% of his races
Mario Odyssee
Can I just say that 2009 Ferrari looks drop dead gorgeous
Oh 100%!
Looks terrible and awkward like the whole 09 grid
It may be the worst comeback in history but e was never a great F1 driver...he was a great test driver. Schumi also praised him back in the days for all the hard work he did.
Was Grosjean in Iraq when Blair was looking for WMD's?
Schumi would have won Spa 2009!
No escape for Grosjean lol
Don't do luca like that
This guy makes Nyck De Vries look competent
Worse comebacks? What about Nigel Mansel with Mclaren
Bruno Giacomelli 1990?