The Extraction and Purification of Penicillin
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- Опубликовано: 8 фев 2017
- This film shows some of the steps in the extraction and purification of penicillin as developed at the Dunn School of Pathology in 1940 and 1941. It animates original surviving apparatus and historic images that are displayed in the exhibition Back from the Dead.
Animation by Carl Schwedes, Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft, Dresden 
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Whoever made this video deserve a wage raise !
This is so well made
...amazing how interesting and informative a short, silent animation can be! I absolutely love visual learning, like this. Thank you.
Superb, i was looking for his long time. Please add sound with it.
the animation is excellent; the Zoom windows are impressive. great job!
How could one achieve this in say plague times
The druids stumbled upon a way to make a certain type of antibiotic. Unfortunately, a lot of the medicines they developed and used were deemed the work of the devil so, the Christians ,yet again, allowed their ignorance to guide them and passively kill too many people to count.
It was specifically the Roman Catholic church who led the attack on pagans who dared to treat illness with herbs instead of prayer.
This is literally a how to video
What's the acid and what is the measurement ect
@@aztecfighter5Penicillium chrysogenum utilizes phenylacetic acid as a side chain precursor in penicillin G biosynthesis. During industrial production of penicillin G, phenylacetic acid is fed in small amounts to the medium to avoid toxic side effects.
@@aztecfighter5 phenylacetic acid I think
Anyone notice the detail that on the bottle it says "From Urine of Case #"
Imagine learning that the medicine you are supposed to swallow was extracted from the previous patient's urine, and he might have been sick with gonorrhea...
We eat food grown in cow shit. In the early 20th century vaccines were mass produced with horses used to create the antibodies that were then harvested by drawing their blood, processing the blood to acquire the antibodies in sufficient concentration, and injected into people, who went on to ...... NOT DIE OF VIRAL INFECTION!!! We were 100% A-OK with drinking a soda can from the store shelf ass high hundreds of people could have coughed, sneezed, or farted near up until SARS-II popped up at the end of 2019 (yes kiddies, corona is a sars/mers variant, remember the last time sars was around? Back in 2002? Yeah, cleanliness is good, protecting ones self and others via masks and distancing is also good especially in the early stages of an outbreak, imagine if we had done that in 1918 instead of shipping it all over the globe prepping for war and how many would have been saved...and how many were saved by horse blood, btw...Yes it is scary, but we have weathered this storm before. Keep calm, and do your bit. Be a member of a society, not a loon selfishly endangering others with memetic malicious willful ignorance and speculation. Its not hard. There are no excuses), but then the public zeitgeist and mass media scare-mongered and sensationalized for views and clicks spreading fear based assumption, bias, and frankly treasonous reporting, now there are people who are dead, not from an infection, but because Karen was too much of a special snowflake, didnt want to do her bit, had to grab at some semblance of control in her pathetic life making her husbands home and trying to payback her herbalife order (probably....ya know, that kind of moron), and girl-bossed....er, i mean, shot a security guard. In the back. Like the coward she was.
So which do you want? The life saving medicine that may have come from somewhere gross, or the Karen that will shoot you because someone lied to her and shes too scientifically illiterate to understand how much she doesnt know?
If the answer isnt the one we all know any sane person would choose, please, do the world a favor, draw a nice hot bath, get in, and drop a toaster in the water. The gene pool, and society has a whole, does not need your ilk, and I for one am refusing to be nice in order to placate stupid anymore. I dont care if that offends anyone, those actions have offend me. If I am expected to care, so are you. If you dont, why should I? My parents taught me what socially unacceptable behavior is, yours apparently didnt bother to raise you for shit. I at least show some benefit to the populous, sharing factual, provable, repeatable, scientific knowledge and information. You seem to be the type to sensationalize the unsavory bits and leave the reader in a grossed out daze, partially informed at best, and fixated on the wrong bits. You are not cool. You are not funny. You are not interesting. This is exactly why she never called you back. You are the reason she is gone. There are plenty of others with functioning intelligent brains capable of critical thought and displaying empathy without judgement to do the job you leave behind, and to take up boning your wife. Your attempts to hold the species back through your ridiculous rhetorical half truths are not welcome, and will not be missed.
Search for Jin Manga Ch 16 for a good visual reference on how to make penicillin from scratch with low technology or just in case you get time traveled like the protagonist.
thanks this is really informative and helpful.
Best visual ever
Great vid!
I just have bunch more questions now. what kind of acid, what kind of solvent? would that be lemon juice for the acid and alcohol for the solvent?
I would go with white vinegar for the acid and isopropylnol rubbing alcohol for the solvent.
According to NCBI this
A solvent mixture of 1-hexanol and butyl acetate
Recovery of penicillin by reactive extraction in centrifugal extractors
what acid is being used here?
Is my speaker Dead or this video has no sound?
whats in the nutrient broth
What is the solvent
But what type of acid?
what acid?
What is the name of the purificater or the machine?
Counter current apparatus
Imagine coming up with a very simplified process that could be injected with "reasonable" harm to the patient and sending it back to around 1200....
Are there household acids and solvents that could be used here?
Water and hydrochloric acid
Titrate with sodium hydroxide in water
HCl can be produced easily via the Mannheim reaction, using table salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) and pool PH down(sodium bisulfate, NaH2SO4). I wont tell you the ratios, as if you're serious about doing this, you should look up how to balance a reaction, just like I did, just like everyone else who does chemistry (properly) did, just like you should if you expect to be taken seriously as someone who practices chemistry.
Mixing the solids in a vessel, you may add a small amount of water to avoid uneven clumping, put over heat (again, do your research, its not hard, I figured it out when I was a teen, you have no excuse not to look it up and understand what you're doing before to do it). You apparatus should contain a reaction vessel (such as a Florence, Kjeldahl, volumetric, or a good sized Erlenmeyer. Basically (IMHO) you want something with a nice head space and a large conical or a long neck round/flat bottom will give you that. And if I have to tell you to get lab grade borosilicate without any flaws, scratches, or cracks in it you really need to not be considering assembling a hot acid salt reaction apparatus. Seriously.....dont do it. Know whats cooler than home chemistry? Not being the dip shit that melted their face off because they thought they knew how to do chemistry. No really, people will laugh at you), two good sized conical flasks, a test tube, and some straight sided beakers in descending sizes. The design is such that the reaction vessel leads to another flask with a sealed stopper and 2 holes, which leads to another flask with a stopper and 2 holes, finally to a ice bath bubbler. One stopper hole in the center flasks will be the inlet that is only long enough to poke a few mm into the interior volume, the other hole will be for a long glass tube that reaches down to a few cm from the bottom. I used rubber hose, I advise using glass.....youll see why in a minute..... Next with some small boro glass tube, use a propane or mapp torch to make a U bend with one leg longer than the other and a good length between them (....do I really have to say do your research and understand what you are doing before you do it again? I dont know what your glassware looks like, or how its set up. Use your brain. PLAN IT OUT. measure the lengths. It really isnt hard to, ya know....do it right. Just takes impulse control....). This U bend pipe will go between the center flasks, the long end will be in the flask closest to the reaction vessel, the short end will barely extend into the one closest the ice bath. A long glass pipe is inserted into the ice side flask and hose into the bath is attached. This creates a back flow catch system for a really fun butt hole puckering effect at the end of the reaction. The ice bath is constructed as follows, a large container (or flask) with icy water, into which youll place another flask of clean water (distilled, deionized, pure.....well if you could get pure H2O in your garage you wouldnt need this write up....), and do not let them mix. Its not dangerous if you do (not anymore than making a chlorine gas generator in the first place is anyways......oh, by the way, you're going to be making creeping yellow green death gas.....well, actually, hopefully you wont be and will do the smarter thing of just buying some from home depot.....its in the big jug labeled muriatic acid. same stuff just watered down, used for cleaning driveways) itll just reduce the yield, and look .... just dont mix em. Its easier that way. now, in that beaker of clean water put a test tube in upside down and feed the outlet hose into it all the way to the top. On top of that place another small beaker to hold the test tube down to the bottom. This makes a gas trap that will dissolve the chlorine gas that is produced in the reaction vessel into the water of the clean water beaker. TADA you now have hydrochloric acid, HCl made from pool chemicals and table salt. Aint chemistry fun?! NO ITS NOT, ITS DANGEROUS AS FUCK IF YOU'RE SOME YAHOO THAT LOOKS UP SOMETHING ONLINE MIXES SOME RANDOM SHIT IN A DRINKING GLASS AND BLOWS THEIR FACE OFF!!!! But hey, maybe people that dumb deserve to be noticeable in public. No one is truly useless, we can always be a bad example ;)
When I made a few runs with this kind of rig I produced about a 50% strength concentration of HCl. Which if memory serves is like 16% by volume or something like that....its been a while, point is whatever the maximum normal concentration of HCl and water is, it was 50% that strength across all my runs. Not all of them were perfect, but it does the job. also, youll end up with a fairly hard solid rock of Sulphur salt lining the reaction vessel, good luck getting it clean 😜
It also does not fully capture all the chlorine gas. If you ever see that stuff in real life.....youll know what the color of death is. Its a yellow green wispy gas that acts exactly like smoke doesnt. DO NOT BREATH IT!!! It mixes with your wet bits like your eyes, nasal cavity, and airways (ie, lungs) and turns when into hydrochloric acid. Yes, your body needs chlorine to function, but it can make its own just fine you dont need to add any. Especially not the pure stuff! JUST BUY YOUR ACID!!!!
Also, that double catch system....yeah....chlorine is so hydroscopic, and the output so hot that when you turn off the heat it will slowly cool reducing the volume of air inside the system.....then suddenly try to suck the ice cold water in the bubbler into the hot reaction vessel. Its really neat...when you expect it.....when you dont its scary as fuck. Thats why you use the double catch. the long tube in from the catch pours the water into the bottom, and the tube way up high (hopefully) only sucks air.....thats why 2 stages..... By the way, plan for shit to go wrong WHEN it goes wrong. You dont get to decide what goes wrong, but you do get to decide what mitigations you have for WHEN it does. sodium bicarb, and a basic solution would be a good idea....just sayin....
by the way, I am not a lawyer, I am not a doctor, I am not a chemist, I am not your friend. This does not constitute legal, medical, chemical, or friendly advice. I am some asshole on the internet, I am not obligated to act in your best interest. DO NOT PRACTICE DANGEROUS CHEMISTRY AT HOME WITHOUT KNOWING EXACTLY WHAT YOU ARE DOING!!!! OR BETTER YET, AT ALL!!! You are responsible for your actions. Period.
I have so many questions
Needs sound
Can't it just be distilled to be purified like they do for water?
distillation is the process of converting a liquid to a gas and then back to a liquid again, leaving behind the solid products. Penicillin does not evaporate, and cannot be distilled. Also, removing the water from the fungus would leave behind the penicillin, but also many other byproducts including the mould itself.
@@ainbrisk545 I wrote that comment when I was like 14. I kinda cringed a little when I reread how stupid it sounds lmao. Thanks for the explanation though!
wish explanation was more detailed but the video itself did good job about tools used and the process.
I'm pretty sure blind people would appreciate if you had someone, literally anyone, narrate this.
You have a computer, you could rip it and narrate it......
Id like to learn this stuff before i get isekaid
silent crap. Add NARRATION.
Don't you just love silent movies !?1?1?
Please, what acid and what solvent?
Phosphoric acid and amyl acetate, see Carl Schwedes' more developed animation at ruclips.net/video/UTfLs8EJe20/видео.html. Information from Florey et al, The Lancet, 16 August 1941, p. 179.