5. Hayes Process Macro - Model 4 |

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  • Опубликовано: 21 авг 2024
  • The tutorial guides on Model 4 of the Hayes Process Macro for Mediation Analysis with Single Mediator.
    Concept of Mediation
    • What is Mediation Anal...
    For Multiple Mediation using Process Macro, watch
    • 6. Hayes Process Macro...
    For lecture notes and much more, visit
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    #SPSS #ProcessMacro #HayesMacro #MediaitonAnalysis #ConditionalAnalysis #DataAnalysis #MediatingVariable #ResearchWithFawad #SocialSciencesResearch

Комментарии • 341

  • @anuvasaxena6704
    @anuvasaxena6704 Год назад +2

    Very extremely helpful video. Browsed through 10 videos to understand mediation and moderation analysis and understood it from here only.

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад +2

      Pleasure. I am glad you liked it. Please do share in your research circle.

  • @tengkusitiaishabintitengku3095
    @tengkusitiaishabintitengku3095 Год назад +5

    As usual, clear, precise, and detailed. This is very helpful. Thank you Dr. Fawad!

  • @Elianaco
    @Elianaco 8 месяцев назад +2

    Thank you so much. I've been struggling to get my thesis analysis done but this video has helped me a lot. Thank you

  • @lifeMotiveVAtion
    @lifeMotiveVAtion Год назад +2

    Your style of explanation was very clear. Thank you very much

  • @ekpenyongudofia9459
    @ekpenyongudofia9459 2 месяца назад +1

    You are excellent at what you do Sir. Thank you.

  • @omgdeniz
    @omgdeniz 9 месяцев назад +2

    Amazing video! Helped me so much for my SPSS data analysis, thank you so much!

  • @lewismilesberry1702
    @lewismilesberry1702 2 года назад +4

    I really appreciate this, particularly the last part, I understand the results but wording them was what I was sturggling with - massive help thank you

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад

      Thanks. I am glad you liked it. Please do share in your research circle.

    • @akashaamir4133
      @akashaamir4133 Год назад

      @@researchwithfawad Can you please tell the reference of the mediation table (the pattern that you are followng is of APA or what). Thank you

  • @dorinaszabo8994
    @dorinaszabo8994 Год назад +2

    Thank you for the video, was very easy to follow and explained everything clearly.

  • @cdhanaraj5768
    @cdhanaraj5768 Год назад +2

    Your video helped me to interpret the table. Thank you so much!

  • @lswt6026
    @lswt6026 Год назад +2

    This was so detailed and excellently explained. Thanks so much

  • @aryan_vloger7721
    @aryan_vloger7721 Год назад +2

    Sir ur vedio is very informative, doing PhD analysis by watching ur vedio 🙏

  • @fredrickdaoyenikye218
    @fredrickdaoyenikye218 Год назад +2

    This is very clear, and helpful!

  • @ShubhamPandey-zn7gx
    @ShubhamPandey-zn7gx Месяц назад +1

    Respect and gratitude. Thank you sir.

  • @EugeneBrusilovskiy
    @EugeneBrusilovskiy Месяц назад +1

    Really fantastic video. Thank you!

  • @Alhamzah_F_Abbas
    @Alhamzah_F_Abbas Год назад +2

    insightful work. thank you so much

  • @jennalee5915
    @jennalee5915 Год назад +8

    Hi, thank you so much for making this video. It's really helping me through my thesis. One question, In the final write up, the t value for indirect effect is listed as 5.583 but I cannot find that value in your shown outputs. Maybe I missed something. Could you please advice where to find the t value for the indirect effect? Thank you so so much!!

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад +7

      Pleasure. I am glad you liked it. To get t value, divide Effect by Boot SE.

    • @mahadevsinghsen
      @mahadevsinghsen Год назад

      Should mention this in description @@researchwithfawad

    • @ekpenyongudofia9459
      @ekpenyongudofia9459 10 месяцев назад

      ​​@@researchwithfawadGod bless you for this response. Was about to ask the same question.....
      😊😊
      Twas truly a remarkable video for learning Process Macros. You simply demystified the once dreaded tool. Thank you soooo much. I ❤❤❤ this video

  • @abdullahatli5035
    @abdullahatli5035 Месяц назад +1

    Excellent...

  • @ElineenBrenda
    @ElineenBrenda Год назад +4

    Thank you very much for your clear explanation, it helped me a lot. I only have one thing I can't figure out. At the end where you show all the results in the table, you show the t-statistics for the indirect effect. How/where do you find that number (5.583)?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад +2

      Pleasure. I am glad you liked it.
      Yo get t statistics, kindly divide the Path Coefficient by Boot SE

  • @user-tf2kx5wd3s
    @user-tf2kx5wd3s 6 месяцев назад +1

    it really helped a lot, thank you so much sir

  • @mahadevaswamy4877
    @mahadevaswamy4877 8 месяцев назад +2

    Sir, thank u so much for such a wonderful explanation. how to calculate the t staistics which u have mentioned at the end of the tabel sir.

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  8 месяцев назад +2

      Thanks for watching. You can divide effect size by Standard Error to get t value.

    • @ekpenyongudofia9459
      @ekpenyongudofia9459 2 месяца назад

      @@researchwithfawad thank you for this response. I was about to ask same question

  • @OM71087
    @OM71087 3 месяца назад +1

    Brilliant teaching...making thing easy

  • @lovelearningnewthings
    @lovelearningnewthings Год назад +1

    Thank you for this wonderful tutorial👍🏼

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      Glad it was helpful!

    • @lovelearningnewthings
      @lovelearningnewthings Год назад

      @@researchwithfawad Can you please make another one on Process Model 21? I could not find it in your playlist. Your explanations are the best

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      Thanks. Hopefully soon.

  • @novi2294
    @novi2294 Год назад +1

    Dear Mr.Fawad, thank you so much for the tutorial. It helped me a lot! I had a question, how to adding control variables in mediation analysis? Thank you Mr.Fawad

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      Pleasure. I am glad you liked it. You can use covariates in Hayes Macro. If there are more than two categories, create dummy variables and use them as separate variable. However, keep 1 category as reference.

    • @novi2294
      @novi2294 Год назад

      @@researchwithfawad Thank you for your prompt response, Sir. I would like to ask another question.
      Is it possible to add non-linear variables (for example: GDP squared) in Model 4 Hayes Macro? If yes, how can I proceed? Thank you!

  • @vishalsharma7000
    @vishalsharma7000 2 года назад +1

    excellent work sir!

  • @bklectures
    @bklectures 2 года назад +1

    thank u sir its really simple and informative ❤️

  • @UtkarshiniEdutech
    @UtkarshiniEdutech 2 года назад +1

    Excellent explaination👍

  • @mahnoor2775
    @mahnoor2775 2 года назад +1

    Have binge watched many videos in the past few days to understand mediation through Hayes Process and this by far is the *most* clear one👍 thank you so much, going to subscribe and share this for sure. One question: is the write up at the end in APA style? I have been looking for tables in that format but can't seem to find any

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад

      Thanks. I am glad you liked it. Please do circulate in your research circle.
      Tables in this video may not be in complete APA Style. However, you can watch this video for APA guidelines
      ruclips.net/video/mLKVPXwqT9o/видео.html

    • @mahnoor2775
      @mahnoor2775 2 года назад +1

      @@researchwithfawad Ofcourse! Thank you for the link. Will take a look.

  • @jensastrup1940
    @jensastrup1940 2 года назад +1

    Thank you. Very helpful.

  • @bolajiadedasola6369
    @bolajiadedasola6369 Год назад +1

    Thank you so much for this video

  • @maikonagaoka330
    @maikonagaoka330 2 года назад +1

    I appreciate this video, to deepen my understandings. In my findings, direct effect is not significant, but indirect effect is significant, also total effect :P=0.523. Can I interpret that this mediator is a perfect mediator? Thank you.

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад +2

      Thanks. I am glad you liked the video. Yes, there is complete mediation.

  • @mohdasri9347
    @mohdasri9347 2 года назад +3

    Sir, could you please explain further where is comes from the t-statistic value 5.583 at the mediation analysis summary in Table 1. Thank you

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад +4

      Divide the indirect effect (0.2736) by the standard error (0.0490) and this will give you the t-statistics.

    • @mohdasri9347
      @mohdasri9347 2 года назад +1

      @@researchwithfawad tq sir for the clarification

  • @manelabid7095
    @manelabid7095 2 года назад +1

    Thank you very much for your presentation, it is very helpful and informative. Please, I have 2 questions:
    -Is the significant outcome of the path (a) and (b) a condition of mediation (as is the case with the conditions of Baron and Kenny (1986)? If not, what are the conditions of mediation according to Hayes' method?
    -According to the results of my thesis: paths a and b, as well as indirect effect, are significant. But Total effect (c) and direct effect (c') are not significant. Are we talking about mediation here? If so, is it total or partial?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад +1

      Thanks. I m glad you liked it. In your case it is full mediation as the indirect effect is significant but the direct effect is insignificant

  • @aqsaqaiser1178
    @aqsaqaiser1178 Год назад +1

    Hello sir Thank you for explaining so easily. I have a question kindly answer this. My total effect is sig and positive. My direct and indirect effect is negative and also direct effect value is LLCI-.0127 and ULCI.3075
    Is this relation is significant or not? Also if it is not significant can i still run a moderation analysis using model 7?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      If there is a 0 between UL and LL CI, this shows insignificant results. Yes, you can run and check the results of Model 7.

  • @liyanaramli9423
    @liyanaramli9423 Год назад +1

    Thank you for the explanation!
    I have a question. Path a, b, and c are significant, while c' is insignificant.
    From my understanding, path c here shows that IV and DV has a direct relationship.
    Since c' is insignificant, is there full mediation?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      Pleasure. I am glad you liked it.
      What about the indirect effect?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      If Indirect effect is significant and C' is insignificant. This is full mediation.

  • @sanasadiq9422
    @sanasadiq9422 Год назад

    very well explained. Please also explain the difference between Beren and kenny moderator/mediator and Process macro

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      Thanks. I am glad you liked it. Please watch
      ruclips.net/video/Zu-P_KE0x4c/видео.html

  • @vincentbourgon7013
    @vincentbourgon7013 4 месяца назад +1

    Thank you!

  • @emmav1092
    @emmav1092 Год назад +1

    Thanks for this video. I had one question left. If we want to perform a regression analysis, should we perform this with the use of PROCESS when we also want to check for mediation. Or is it possible to check the effect of X on Y with just SPSS first and then the mediation effect with PROCESS? Because PROCESS gives slightly different values for my unstandardized coefficient than SPSS does.

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад +1

      Use Process for direct relationship as well when testing mediation. Difference in results is because Process macro utilizes bootstrapping technique.

  • @khanehsan641
    @khanehsan641 2 года назад +1

    thank you so much sir for this amazing video, I have a question about my findings SIR in my results " the Total effect and Direct effect is significant while Indirect effect contains NEGATIVE sign, so is there is mediation exist or not or we can say that its a competitative mediation" thanks again sir

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад

      Yes, it is competitive mediation. If indirect effect is significant, mediation is significant

    • @khanehsan641
      @khanehsan641 2 года назад

      @@researchwithfawad sir my indirect effect value is=( -. 0635),
      bootSE=(. 0404)
      BootLICI=(-.1466)
      BootULCI=(.0099)
      sorry to bother u again sir, so is it my indirect value is significant as u can see the all values above. Please correct me if m wrong sir

  • @shannenswartele316
    @shannenswartele316 2 года назад +1

    Really helpful! I do still have a question. Can I also use PROCESS model 4 to test partial mediation? Or should I also perform linear regression to test the direct effect?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад

      Thanks. I am glad you liked it. Yes, partial or full is contingent to the results. It does provide the direct effects.

  • @alfinadichandra9026
    @alfinadichandra9026 2 года назад +1

    Dear Mr.Fawad, I love your video.
    It is very easy to understand and has helped me tremendously in my thesis reporting process. I did however struggle to find the t-statistics number that you put in the table 1 in minutes 15:27.
    Would you be so kind to help me by pointing out where I could find the t-statistics number to be put in table 1? Thank you 😁

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад +3

      Thanks. I am glad you liked it. T statistic is calculated by dividing the Path Coefficient (Estimate) by the Standard Error (SE). Estimate/SE will give you t-statistic.

    • @alfinadichandra9026
      @alfinadichandra9026 2 года назад +3

      @@researchwithfawad Thank you!

    • @dinakravchik
      @dinakravchik Год назад +1

      @@researchwithfawad Hi, thank you for the video. however I still dont quiet get it, what exact estimator and Standart Error you use for the calculation of T statistics? can you point out it location?
      thank you.

  • @mahadevaswamy4877
    @mahadevaswamy4877 6 месяцев назад

    Sir. Thank you so much for simplifying the method. Sir, I have one more doubt how to calculate EFFECT RATIO. Plz guide me sir.

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  6 месяцев назад

      You need to calculate VAF values. I am sorry I don't have a video on VAF yet.

  • @dsavkay
    @dsavkay 5 месяцев назад

    Allah razı olsun kral ya 🙏🙏🙏

  • @paule.nwanna1216
    @paule.nwanna1216 Год назад +1

    This is an excellent video, well explained and robust. Please, how did you get the result for the t-statistics (5.583)?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      Thanks. I am glad you liked it. To get t statistics, Divide the Boot Estimate by Standard Error

  • @shamsulbar
    @shamsulbar 8 месяцев назад +1

    Dear Dr, How did you get the value of 5.583 for t statistics that you have shown in your Mediation Summary Table? I hope to get an answer for this soon. Thank you.

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  8 месяцев назад +1

      Thanks for watching. If you divide the Beta value by BootSE, you will get the t statistics.
      Hope this helps

    • @shamsulbar
      @shamsulbar 6 месяцев назад

      @@researchwithfawad Thank you for your answer sir. Really appreciate it.

  • @hanyeemun4150
    @hanyeemun4150 Год назад +1

    Thank you very much for the informative video! It was really helpful. If you don't mind me asking a short question: If my current research (mediation - model 4) uses binary dummy coding on the X-variable (i.e., 0 & 1), instead of a continuous predictor. Can I still run Process Macro the same way you did? If not, how would you suggest I do it? I am aware that for X with 3 categories, I would need to tick the multicategorical box before running the analysis, but mine only has *2 categories* as aforementioned. Would love to hear from you!

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад +1

      Thanks for your interest. Yes you can still use Model 4 for Binary IV.

  • @arshaikh83
    @arshaikh83 Год назад +1

    Thank you Dr Fawad, this was helpful. But in my model I have four IVs with one M and one DV. Please suggest where to put three additional IVs in MACRO? I have used SEM but want to test the results with Process Macro as well?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад +1

      Thanks for watching. This is a limitation of Hayes Macro. Please use SEM tools like Amos or SmartPls

    • @arshaikh83
      @arshaikh83 Год назад

      @ResearchWithFawad Yes that is correct but I was told to put all other IV as Covariates. Is that correct?

  • @simplepurple22032001
    @simplepurple22032001 9 дней назад +1

    Sir, where did you get the final value of t-statistics when reporting?

  • @coraliespearman8594
    @coraliespearman8594 2 года назад +1

    Hello - thank you for your video, it has been really helpful. My findings show negative coefficient values for my total, direct and indirect effect all of which are significant (my b path is positive and also significant). What does a negative coefficients mean for an indirect effect? (ie. are both my IV and M increasing and my DV decreasing or is it something like my IV is increasing my M is decreasing?)

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад +1

      Interpret the relationships between IV and MV and further how MV influences DV.
      Secondly, if path a * b * c' is positive, this is complimentary mediation otherwise competitive.
      Please refer to Chapter 7 in
      Hair et al (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook

  • @sharifahsaffinas6746
    @sharifahsaffinas6746 Год назад +1

    Thank you for your great teaching in the video. I have a question. What if my a path is not significant, but the b path and c' path are significant. Is it acceptable to say there is a mediation? Appreciate if you could answer this

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      Pleasure. I am glad you liked it. For mediation check for specific indirect effect.

    • @juanitosoria
      @juanitosoria Год назад

      @@researchwithfawad I have the same problem. Path a not significant but b and c' are significant. What do you mean by checking for specific indirect effect? Thank you so much for such helpful video sir.

  • @subbit1
    @subbit1 Год назад +1

    Great Video! Thanks a lot. I have a quick question, however. If I want to test for a mediation effect and I have multiple IVs in my conceptual model. Do I run separate regressions for each IV or one multiple regression that includes all IVs and my mediator variable?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      One Regression. If you are using Process Macro for mediation, follow the steps in the video.

    • @hartinijaafar
      @hartinijaafar 2 месяца назад

      @@researchwithfawad Assalamua'alaikum Dr. Can you explain more about this because I saw in the video that we can only put one IV under X variable. And can I still use Process Macro if my DV is dichotomous? If not, what other options do I have? Thank you!

  • @zahidlatif1905
    @zahidlatif1905 2 года назад +1

    I appreciate this video sir. I have one question. In my findings, the relationship between IV and Mediator is non significant. Both the total effect and direct effect are significant and but indirect effect is non significant. and Preacher and Kelley (2011) Kappa-squared is also significant. is there still exist mediation?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад

      Thanks. I am glad you liked it.
      In simple terms if the index of moderated mediation has a 0 in between LL and UL, this is insignificant. Otherwise, moderated mediation is significant.

    • @zahidlatif1905
      @zahidlatif1905 2 года назад

      @@researchwithfawad sir this is about mediation run Model 4. is there exist mediation?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад

      If indirect effect is insignificant, there is no mediation.

  • @antika429
    @antika429 2 года назад +1

    Hello ! Thank you for this well explicated tutorial :) I have one question and I hope you can answer. My mediator variable is a score on pre and post test, so if I want to make this analysis, do I have to do it using the post-pre scores ?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад +1

      You can run two model and assess the mediation in both conditions.

  • @user-cy6sy7um5z
    @user-cy6sy7um5z 10 месяцев назад

    Dear Mr.Fawad, thank you for the explanation it helped me a lot.
    However I have one question, if path a was significant and path b was not significant we can say that path ab is not significant. Is that right?

    • @ekpenyongudofia9459
      @ekpenyongudofia9459 10 месяцев назад +1

      It is safer you use the Bootstrap Upper & Lower bounds to establish if it is significant or not. So that rule of thumb doesn't lead you to a wrong decision & conclusion

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  10 месяцев назад

      No, better to check the significance of the indirect path.

  • @MC-fe7zq
    @MC-fe7zq Год назад +1

    Thank you for this! I have one question, how will I know the % that accounts for the mediator?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      Pleasure. I am glad you liked it.
      Please check the section where Mediator is the outcome and the R sq in that section.

  • @user-yr7tz2nz8d
    @user-yr7tz2nz8d 9 месяцев назад

    Thank you so much for this insightful and informative tutorial! In addition, can you tell me know name and link of thesis that you used in video?

  • @neiban.h6806
    @neiban.h6806 6 месяцев назад

    Your videos is really helpful for my research...sir i have one question, can i used mutiple regression to test the relationship and process macro to test the mediation.??

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  6 месяцев назад

      Thanks. Yes, but Process macro also provides details of individual relationships.

  • @joshuatan3769
    @joshuatan3769 2 года назад

    Dear authors, thank you so much for this insightful and informative tutorial! In addition, may I know how can we compute the p-value and t-value for indirect effect path? Really appreciate if you could assist on this

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад +5

      Thanks. I am glad you liked it. To get t statistic, divide Estimate by Standard Error. To get p value, use p value calculator online.

  • @mehaksheikh8574
    @mehaksheikh8574 Год назад

    thankyou for a detailed video. Can you please explain how will we calculate the effect size in this mediation analysis?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      Pleasure. I am glad you like it. The results do provide an indirect effect: a*b

  • @Someone-gd5zx
    @Someone-gd5zx Год назад +1

    Salaam Aleykum, thanks for this great video again. I would like to ask how did you decide on a t value of 1.96?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      Thanks for watching. For Two Tailed Test at 95% CI, the threshold is 1.96.

  • @mahnoor2775
    @mahnoor2775 Год назад

    AOA. Does Hayes Process take in account the sign of the direct and indirect effect for computing total effect size? For instance, when the signs for both direct and indirect effect are different, does that explain *why* sometimes the total effect is LESS than the direct or indirect effect? Because logically it doesn't make sense that the total effect would be less than either of the two. If not, what other reasons could that be? Suppressor effect?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      WAS. Please go through this thread.
      www.researchgate.net/post/Is_it_statistically_possible_to_have_a_indirect_effect_value_more_than_total_effect

    • @mahnoor2775
      @mahnoor2775 Год назад +1

      @@researchwithfawad Thank you, you are so helpful seriously

  • @debgoutam
    @debgoutam Год назад +1

    Sir, please let me know from where you get the value of t=5.583??? (t-statistics) last part

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад +1

      Thanks for your interest. You can divide the Estimate by Standard Error (SE).

  • @sidrarafiq9128
    @sidrarafiq9128 Год назад

    Thank you very much for your presentation, it is very helpful and informative. Please, I have a question: -According to the results of my thesis: paths a and c are significant and path b, as well as indirect effect, are insignificant and includes a zero. But Total effect (c) and direct effect (c') are significant. Are we talking about mediation here? If so, is it total or partial? m quite confused about results as it shows mediation or not? kindly guide me

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      Pleasure. I am glad you liked it. It is mediation analysis. Please refer to this video for further details
      ruclips.net/video/8lDwmMF9aN8/видео.html

    • @sidrarafiq9128
      @sidrarafiq9128 Год назад

      Thanks for responding but M asking about mediation analysis in process macro. I have mentioned results in above comment. Can u plz tell me does my results show mediation?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      Watch the video shared, plus the following video. Your answer is in the videos
      ruclips.net/video/Zu-P_KE0x4c/видео.html

  • @chhavigupta9223
    @chhavigupta9223 Год назад

    Thank you so much sir, very informative lecture. I have a question, how to do mediation analysis when we have one categorical indipendent variable and more than one continuous dependent variable?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      Pleasure. The process is the same. You just need to create dummy variables if there are more than 2 categories in the IV.

  • @BIuebeII
    @BIuebeII 2 года назад +1

    Where does the t-statistic (5.583) value come from in the latest report table, sir? I could not see the value 5.583 under the t values in the hayes program.

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад +1

      T statistic is calculated. Estimate/SE will give you t statistics

    • @BIuebeII
      @BIuebeII 2 года назад +1

      @@researchwithfawad Thanks a kot sir but where can i find the estimate ?

    • @BIuebeII
      @BIuebeII 2 года назад +1

      @@researchwithfawad SIR, I CAN FOUND THAT FINALLY, I looked at the comments and your old replies. THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR EVERYTHING! 🥹🥹🥹🥲🥲🥲😅😅😅😅😅😅😅🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼

  • @kibkaeuraiwan9775
    @kibkaeuraiwan9775 2 года назад +1

    Thank you for the great video ! I am running the process for mediating testing of my dissertation. I have some problems with the output interpretation. My output did not display the indirect effect, but it reported the error # line..... Cold you please explain what does this mean? Thank you.

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад +1

      Please email me the screenshot on kh.fawad83@gmail.com

    • @kibkaeuraiwan9775
      @kibkaeuraiwan9775 2 года назад

      @@researchwithfawad thank you very much. I did email you.

  • @sumayyashakir1539
    @sumayyashakir1539 2 года назад +2

    Sir thanks for the video it's really so simple and understandable ..I wanna ask my study have 5 IV and one mediator which is a mediator of all these 5 IV and there is one DV so which model number I use in hyes process ..do I do it separately one by one by placing One IV one M and one DV or I go for one step ..by placing all IV in one box at a time ...I have covariates as well ..kindly guide ..I shall be thankful

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад

      Thanks. I am glad you liked it. Please use Model 4.

    • @sumayyashakir1539
      @sumayyashakir1539 2 года назад

      Thanks for reply sir ..then I did it separately by adding one by one IV and do separate analysis .and I made list of 5 tables or only one table ??

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад

      Make one table.

  • @whatdoyouthink8127
    @whatdoyouthink8127 19 дней назад

    please this is important, so my question is how did you get the t-value in the last final table?
    it would be a huge help Sir. Thanks.

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  19 дней назад +1

      You can divide the path coefficient (effect size) by Standard Error.

  • @bouchralaamrani4674
    @bouchralaamrani4674 Год назад

    Thank you for this tutorial! Very helpful..
    In fact, I have a question : could I use Process Macro to test mediation even if my variables are kind of higher order construct? If yes, how can I proceed? Thank you!

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      Pleasure. I am glad you liked it. Yes you can, but you have to create a composite variable.

  • @reisterantiporta9767
    @reisterantiporta9767 Год назад

    How did you get the value of t-statistics that is presented in the table? Is it the t-statistics of direct effect of X on Y? I am confused because in the mediation analysis table the value is t = 5.583 while in the matrix output the closest to it is t = 5.5426.

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      Thanks for watching. T statistics is calculated by dividing the effect by BootSE.

  • @KarthickSreVasan30
    @KarthickSreVasan30 7 месяцев назад

    Respected Mr. Fawad small clarification from the interpretation part from where did taken the t value as 5.583 and when i have 2 IV and 1 MV and 1 DV how to performance a test????do you workout like that models ?
    I sincerely appreciate and thankful for your response in advance

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  7 месяцев назад +1

      Hi. To calculate T, divide Estimate by BootSE. If you have multiple IVs, use AMOS.

  • @shahzadhussain4353
    @shahzadhussain4353 2 года назад

    Thank you for the helpful video. My question is that from where have you calculated the value of t statistics

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад

      Thanks. I am glad you liked it.
      You can divide the Estimate (Est) by standard error (se) to get t-value

    • @shahzadhussain4353
      @shahzadhussain4353 2 года назад

      @@researchwithfawad could you please elaborate by the example from this video

  • @aishama1384
    @aishama1384 2 года назад

    Very very helpful thank You.. just wondering if we have two groups in the IV (experimental vs control) and using mediation analysis how to know which group has the most effect on the DV through the mediator

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад

      If the effect size is positive, The IV that has been given the value one, carry as significant impact on the other variable.

  • @michealsmith2012
    @michealsmith2012 2 года назад

    Excellent explanation. I have a question regarding the structure of a thesis. Should students also include descriptive statistics, tests of normality and so on, along with the results of the mediation analysis?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад

      I will recommend that descriptive statistics are reported. As for Normality, instead of more conservative approach, one can report Skewness and Kurtosis to present distribution of data.

    • @michealsmith2012
      @michealsmith2012 2 года назад

      @@researchwithfawad Thank you very much for the reply. I will make sure to recommend your channel to my classmates.

    • @michealsmith2012
      @michealsmith2012 2 года назад

      Sorry to bother you but I have one more question. If the data from one of the variables is skewed e.g. Z score is more than +/-3.00, can I still go ahead with the mediation analysis?

  • @mahnoor2775
    @mahnoor2775 2 года назад

    AOA. I am struggling to understand my results for a model. What do the opposing signs of direct and indirect effect mean/imply and is that possible?
    X --> M = significant and NEGATIVE
    M --> Y= significant and POSITIVE
    Direct effect i.e. X --> Y minus mediator = significant and POSITIVE
    Indirect effect = significant and NEGATIVE

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад

      This is competitive mediation
      In a competitive partial mediation, the direct effect c′ and indirect effect a × b point in a different direction (One is Positive while the other is negative).

    • @mahnoor2775
      @mahnoor2775 2 года назад +1

      @@researchwithfawad Right, thank you!!

  • @shayistamajeed9889
    @shayistamajeed9889 2 года назад +1

    Sir, what is the difference between standardized and unstandardized coefficients?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад +1

      This link may help in providing a more detailed explanation.
      www.statology.org/standardized-vs-unstandardized-regression-coefficients/

  • @ingridherbert3150
    @ingridherbert3150 2 года назад

    Very helpful thank you! Do you have any videos on Testing Assumptions for Regression Models?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад

      I am glad you found the video helpful. I am afraid, nothing yet on Assumptions. Hopefully soon.

  • @renskekeulen3483
    @renskekeulen3483 Год назад

    I have a question: where does the t-value of 5,583 come from in the report? I see a t-value of 5,543 with direct effect. Is this a typo? Or should this value be obtained from somewhere else?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      Thanks for your interest. T value is estimated by dividing the Estimate by Standard Error (BootSE)

  • @hamzahashmi1038
    @hamzahashmi1038 7 месяцев назад

    Is the p value 0.0001 or is it p 0.05 ? I am a bit confused on this on one side you have written 0.001 but during your explanation you quoted 0.05. also one of my variable has a p value of 0.0021 does it mean its significant ?

  • @user-cv1ci3ul3h
    @user-cv1ci3ul3h Месяц назад +1

    created to teach

  • @gianlucacabria925
    @gianlucacabria925 2 года назад

    Great tutorial!
    One question: How am I supposed to run the analysis if my IV is a 2-level nominal variable? when I run the analysis it doesn't make distinction of the 2 conditions. Thanks.

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад

      Thanks. I am glad you liked it. It wont make distinction as there are only two categories, one is the references category. Please before doing analysis using Hayes Macro, watch these session on categorical predictors.
      ruclips.net/video/zaOFXnXC8Y0/видео.html
      I hope i can do a video on categorical predictors using Model 4 (Mediation Analysis), in a week.

  • @chunliey
    @chunliey 3 месяца назад

    Hello Dr. Fawad. If I have 6 IVs, do I have to run the process one by one? Its different from using multiple regression right? In multiple regression (SPSS), we can enter all the IVs in the Block 1 (Linear Regression ). Correct me if Im wrong.

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  3 месяца назад +1

      Yes, you will need to run the macro multiple times. It is better to use SEM tools like SmartPLS4

    • @chunliey
      @chunliey 3 месяца назад

      Thank you, Dr. for your reply. Credit to you for making this video. It helps a lot! I have one more question. Hope you dont mind. May I know how to get the t-statistics value as shown in the mediation table? I've read your reply to the same question from the comments. But, I couldn't find the way to calculate it. Please assist. Thank you, Dr.

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  3 месяца назад

      Thanks for watching. Divide the path estimate by Standard error

  • @zaruripsychology
    @zaruripsychology Год назад

    If b path is not significant
    But indirect effect is significant
    There would be mediation or not...

  • @jahanvibansal7656
    @jahanvibansal7656 2 года назад

    Hi Fawad,
    Wonderful research videos. I have subscribed your channel and also shared in research groups.
    One query.
    Is there any condition that direct effect should be higher or lesser than indirect effect?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад

      Thanks for your appreciation. I am glad you liked the video.
      No, there is no condition that it should be less or over.

    • @jahanvibansal7656
      @jahanvibansal7656 2 года назад

      @@researchwithfawad So to conclude partial mediation direct, indirect and total effect all paths need to be significant? Correct me if I m wrong.

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад +1

      For Partial, Direct and Indirect need to be significant.

    • @jahanvibansal7656
      @jahanvibansal7656 2 года назад +1

      @@researchwithfawad Thanks

  • @cailawrance8369
    @cailawrance8369 Год назад

    Hi Sir, thanks for sharing!
    I want to ask what I should do if the mediator is a categorical variable? Just put it on the bracket as you did in the video?
    Thanks!

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад +1

      Pleasure. I am glad you liked it.
      Yes, the procedure remains the same.

    • @cailawrance8369
      @cailawrance8369 Год назад +1

      @@researchwithfawad thank you!

  • @jasonlim4070
    @jasonlim4070 Год назад

    Appreciate the video and explanation. Would love if you could help me out with this question:
    I am running a mediation study. My results show path a (sig), path b (sig), path c' (non-sig), path c (non-sig), indirect effect (sig). The beta value from path c to path c' has also dropped, both being not significant as aforementioned. Does this mean a mediation has occurred? If yes, is it full or partial?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      There is full mediation as indirect effect is significant and only effect.

    • @jasonlim4070
      @jasonlim4070 Год назад

      @@researchwithfawad thank you for your prompt response. If you don't mind me asking another question.
      Assuming I did a mediation study whereby my IV is dichotomous (e.g., non-optimal parenting; optimal parenting) and dummy coded as 0,1 respectively.
      Would a positive coefficient value mean that optimal parenting predicts a higher DV, assuming DV is continuous?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад +1

      Yes. If the path coefficient is positive. This is how it should be interpreted.

    • @jasonlim4070
      @jasonlim4070 Год назад

      @@researchwithfawad thank you very much

  • @anoukschippers3984
    @anoukschippers3984 Год назад

    Hi, can I use this analysis also when my DV is transformed into a logarithmic variabele? Because of a violated homoskedasticity assumption, I transformed the DV into a log, but not sure is this is necessary for Process Macro Analysis.

  • @EniolaAjibola-b1h
    @EniolaAjibola-b1h 7 дней назад

    What if the indirect effect is negative but significant? How do I interpret it?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  6 дней назад

      Please watch
      ruclips.net/video/8lDwmMF9aN8/видео.html

  • @muhammadaamirkhan8182
    @muhammadaamirkhan8182 Год назад

    If I have 1 IV, 1 Med, and 2 DV, should I use Model 4 twice to calculate the mediation effect(s) for each DV? Please advise.

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад +1

      Yes, it can be used twice, but in my opinion, better to use SEM based tools in such situation.

  • @axelchrist8076
    @axelchrist8076 2 года назад +1

    How to do mediation analysis when we have more than one independent variable.

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад

      Thanks for your comment. Please use SMART-PLS or AMOS

    • @axelchrist8076
      @axelchrist8076 2 года назад

      @@researchwithfawad In this situation, can I use SPSS to do it? Moreover I also want to ask whether mediation analysis can accept or reject a hypothesis or not. Do we need to make a multiple regression analysis first before making mediation analysis

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад

      No, SPSS cannot handle two IVs at a time. Plus The analysis you are doing is regression analysis. No need for separate analysis.

  • @maguifreitas
    @maguifreitas Год назад

    I have a question: My p value in direct effect of X on Y is not significant. In Indirect effect of X on Y, the BootLLCI is -2.6148 and BootULCI is -.2033. In this case, i have a mediation?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      Yes, there is mediation.

    • @maguifreitas
      @maguifreitas Год назад

      @@researchwithfawad I really appreciate your very quick response. Just one more question:
      For example, if BootLLCI was -.2567 and BootULCI was -.0728 would there still be a mediation?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад +1

      Yes

  • @maikonagaoka330
    @maikonagaoka330 Год назад

    Is there any prerequisite for IV or DV? IV and DV should be the factors after they are signidicantly associated with the outcome by regression? Or significant relationships with the outcome by Pearsn Correlation Coefficient ?  Thank you. Would love to hear from you.

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      Thanks for your interest. I guess this series will help.
      10MinResearch: ruclips.net/p/PLb7vm6tsQ3KtGP-Aq1Hx4IQltUyPnpqLl

    • @maikonagaoka330
      @maikonagaoka330 Год назад

      @@researchwithfawad Thank you so much other your lectures, I watched it and they are also good and help me a lots. My question is that the IV and DV should be checked by regression that they are significant relationships between the outcome before put in the mediation anaysis?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      No, IV and DV. That was Baron and Kenny Approach. Please watch
      ruclips.net/video/Zu-P_KE0x4c/видео.html

  • @MuhammadIqbal-ub5ls
    @MuhammadIqbal-ub5ls Год назад

    I'm so very gratefull see this video and i want to asking you sir, my path B its not significan with p = 0.0192. but for indirect effect its significan. Can i say my mediating variabel its significan and can i say its mediating?

  • @MrAbhaygrover
    @MrAbhaygrover Год назад

    Sir , Independent variable is having 5 items.... So how to have one value of X to run Process?

  • @maikonagaoka330
    @maikonagaoka330 Год назад

    I have question about objectives to put in the analisis. As first, I put all participants including target population(for exampe: score

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      I am sorry, I did not understand the question.

    • @maikonagaoka330
      @maikonagaoka330 Год назад

      @@researchwithfawad If my interst is depression, I put all depressed people in the mediation analysis, is this correst?

  • @bolajiadedasola6369
    @bolajiadedasola6369 Год назад

    On the final where you reported the key statistics of the analysis, how did you get 5.583 the t-statistics. I guess I can’t trace it to the output of the analysis.

  • @alleyciatanvenshinn5622
    @alleyciatanvenshinn5622 2 года назад

    Hi, I have significant path a, b as well as significant indirect effect. However my path c and c’ is not significant. Does it mean I have a mediation or? Hope to hear from you soon!

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад

      Hi. What about your conditional indirect effect? Is that significant. If so, Yes, there is mediation.

  • @paulpierce7387
    @paulpierce7387 Год назад

    Why is t in the table 5.583? Where does that value come from or how is it calculated?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  Год назад

      You can divide the Estimate by the Standard Error to get t-statistics.

  • @christiaan5769
    @christiaan5769 2 года назад

    Great video! One question: Is it possible to get different outcomes for a direct effect in regression vs in Hayes process? Thank you

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад +1

      Thanks. In presence of the mediator, the results may not differ much (Effect of IV on DV)

    • @christiaan5769
      @christiaan5769 2 года назад

      @@researchwithfawad Thanks.
      So my study is about :
      IV: Status, Mediator: Psychological Safety, DV: Future Voice.
      I did a Pearson correlation for the relationship: PS --> FV, which was significant.
      Afterwards, I also tested the mediation with Hayes Process Model 4. However, the path from PS to FV turned out not to be significant..
      Is this possible?
      Thank you for hearing the question

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  2 года назад +1

      Yes, correlation is an assessment of relationship. In presence of other variable the effect of one variable may be insignificant on other.

    • @christiaan5769
      @christiaan5769 2 года назад +1

      @@researchwithfawad Thank you! It is clear now.

  • @ellenvanhove2520
    @ellenvanhove2520 4 месяца назад

    PLEASE HELP I HAVE A DEADLINE: my indirect effect is significant. my direct effect from X to Y is not and my total effect is not either. is this a mediation then?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  4 месяца назад +1

      Yes. If the indirect effect is significant, there is mediation.

  • @JoskeVanderbruggen
    @JoskeVanderbruggen 4 месяца назад

    Where do you find the value of the t statistic for the indirect effect?

    • @researchwithfawad
      @researchwithfawad  4 месяца назад

      If you divide the indirect effect by Standard Error you will get the t value.